ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last two decades, several Da Vinci robotic platforms have been released in the market, revolutionizing the field of robotic-assisted surgery (1, 2). The system has seen numerous modifications, with several Da Vinci® robotic models being introduced, each featuring ongoing technological advancements in ergonomics, instrumentation, high-definition imaging, EndoWrist™ technology, and single-port surgery capabilities (3, 4). Building on this, the new generation Da Vinci 5 robot promises significant hardware and software improvements, with the potential for enhanced operative performance (2, 5). In this video, we will illustrate several technical advancements of the Da Vinci 5. Material and methods: We performed a video compilation comparing the Da Vinci 5 and Da Vinci Xi during radical prostatectomy. The video will highlight the technical modifications of the new platform, showcasing the advancements and improvements in the Da Vinci 5 system. Additionally, this video will illustrate key aspects of the surgery, including anterior bladder neck access, lateral bladder dissection from the prostate, posterior prostate dissection and anastomosis. Surgical technique: We performed our RARP technique with our standard approach in all patients (6–8). With this new platform, we maintained our conventional technique without any modifications or adaptions from the trocar placement until anastomosis. The beginning of the case is performed as usual, we first identify the anterior bladder neck and then complete its dissection with Maryland and Scissors. Then, we proceed to the posterior bladder neck dissection, seminal vesicles control and nerve-sparing. In sequence, we control the prostate arterial pedicles with hem-o-lok clips and then we perform the apical dissection until dividing the urethra. Finally, we perform the hemostasis, posterior reconstruction (Rocco's technique) and anastomosis with barbed suture. Results: The Da Vinci 5 features several key upgrades. The first part of our video described the console, patient cart, and energy tower modifications. The console has been ergonomically redesigned for a flat neck posture to decrease muscle fatigue, and the handgrip now includes a rubber surface for better grip (9). The patient cart, similar to the previous generation, has updated helm interfaces and integrated commands with the console and vision tower. In sequence, we described the instrument modifications and the step-by-step technique showing the DV5 and DV-Xi. Force feedback instruments provide three degrees of tactile feedback, enhancing tissue manipulation. A new security system ensures instruments can only be inserted when clear of tissues and obstructions, reducing the risk of errors. Another modification regards the ability to switch instruments and camera. Conclusion: While using and evaluating the DV5 in more than 100 cases, we noticed some improvements in the ergonomics and digital interface. The intraoperative performance was similar among the platforms and all procedures were performed without intraoperative complications or problems with the system. However, we are still evaluating the long-term outcomes and potential clinical advantages provided by this new platform.

RESUMEN Introducción: la formación permanente de los docentes constituye un reto constante para las universidades. La educación médica cubana demanda el desarrollo de competencias pedagógicas en correspondencia con el panorama mundial. Los docentes de la carrera Imagenología y Radiofísica Médica adolecen de formación pedagógica en el pregrado que los oriente en la conducción del proceso docente educativo. Objetivo: analizar la pertinencia del desarrollo de lascompetencias pedagógicas de los docentes de Imagenología y Radiofísica Médica. Método: se empleó el método inductivo-deductivo y el analítico-sintético. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en revistas indexadas en PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Elsevier, mediante la ejecución de tres etapas: identificación de las fuentes de información, revisión de la literatura y extracción y la recopilación de la información. Resultados: el acercamiento de los autores a los referentes teóricos consultados permitió demostrar las regularidades de las competencias pedagógicas en la educación médica y la necesidad del desarrollo continuo y ascendente de las mismas en los referidos docentes. Discusión: la educación médica enfrenta desafíos desde lo teórico y práctico que conducen al desarrollo de competencias profesionales, pedagógicas y la formación de recursos humanos en salud de calidad. Conclusiones: el desarrollo de las competencias pedagógicas de los docentes de Imagenología y Radiofísica Médica es un proceso necesario e impostergable. Se demanda la formación permanente de los docentes en correspondencia con los cambios que se suceden a nivel internacional en lo tecnológico, sanitario y educativo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the permanent training of teachers constitutes a constant challenge for universities. Cuban medical education demands the development of pedagogical skills in correspondence with the global panorama. The teachers of the Imaging and Medical Radiophysics career lack pedagogical training in the undergraduate degree that guides them in the conduct of the educational teaching process. Objective: to analyze the relevance of the development of the pedagogical competencies of the Imaging and Medical Radiophysics teachers. Method: the inductive-deductive method and the analytical-synthetic method were used. A bibliographic review was carried out in journals indexed in PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Elsevier, by carrying out three stages: identification of information sources, literature review and extraction and compilation of information. Results: the authors' approach to the theoretical references consulted allowed them to demonstrate the regularities of pedagogical competencies in medical education and the need for their continuous and upward development in the aforementioned teachers. Discussion: medical education faces theoretical and practical challenges that lead to the development of professional and pedagogical skills and the training of human resources in quality health. Conclusions: the development of the pedagogical skills of Imaging and Medical Radiophysics teachers is a necessary and urgent process. The ongoing training of teachers is demanded in accordance with the changes that occur internationally in technology, health and education.

RESUMO Introdução: a formação permanente de professores constitui um desafio constante para as universidades. A educação médica cubana exige o desenvolvimento de competências pedagógicas em correspondência com o panorama global. Os professores da carreira de Imagem e Radiofísica Médica carecem de formação pedagógica na graduação que os oriente na condução do processo educativo de ensino. Objetivo: analisar a relevância do desenvolvimento das competências pedagógicas dos professores de Imagem e Radiofísica Médica. Método: foram utilizados o método indutivo-dedutivo e o método analítico-sintético. Foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica em periódicos indexados no PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Elsevier, realizando três etapas: identificação das fontes de informação, revisão da literatura e extração e compilação das informações. Resultados: a abordagem dos autores aos referenciais teóricos consultados permitiu demonstrar as regularidades das competências pedagógicas na educação médica e a necessidade de seu desenvolvimento contínuo e ascendente nos referidos professores. Discussão: a educação médica enfrenta desafios teóricos e práticos que levam ao desenvolvimento de competências profissionais e pedagógicas e à formação de recursos humanos em saúde de qualidade. Conclusões: o desenvolvimento das competências pedagógicas dos professores de Imagiologia e Radiofísica Médica é um processo necessário e urgente. A formação contínua de professores é exigida de acordo com as mudanças que ocorrem internacionalmente na tecnologia, na saúde e na educação.

Die artikel fokus op ooreenkomste tussen verwante tale, onder andere Bildts en Afrikaans. Hierdie twee tale het 'n gemeenskaplike oorsprong en toon ooreenkomste op bepaalde terminologiese gebiede, veral die landbou. Die terminologies van hierdie tale en ander soortgelyke tale, soos Nederduits, Fries en Nederlands, kom onder die loep. Bepaalde ooreenkomste tussen Bildts, Afrikaans en die Suid-Afrikaanse amptelike Sintutale word ook bespreek. Dit is interessant dat verwante tale terme deur die prosesse van transliterasie en ontlening kan deel, hoewel die kontinente waarop hulle gebruik word, van mekaar verwyder is. 'n Taal, dialek of 'n taalvariëteit staan 'n beter kans om deur leksikografiese prosesse en terminologieskepping te ontwikkel (en te oorleef) as daardie taal of taalvariëteit gestandaardi-seer is en as sodanig erken word. Dit is dus van die uiterste belang om die woordvormingsbeginsels en skryf- en spelreëls van tale of taalvariëteite vas te lê. Hierdie proses, sowel as die opteken van die skriftelike vorm van 'n taal of taalvariëteit lei tot die ontwikkeling van leksikografiese en terminografiese produkte in daardie taal of taalvariëteit.

This article focuses on similarities between isolated but related language varieties, especially Bildts and Afrikaans, both of which developed spontaneously and managed to survive. They share a similar lexical heritage and show similarities in certain terminological areas, especially in agriculture. The terminologies of these and similar language varieties, such as Low German, Friesian and Dutch, will receive attention. Historically, these language varieties were mutually comprehensible. The different language families and their genealogical relationships are discussed in this article, with special emphasis on Low German, Friesian, Bildts and Afrikaans. In the case of Afrikaans, the development of Afrikaans from Cape Dutch to Standard Afrikaans is discussed in broad terms. All of these language varieties were initially only spoken languages that were eventually reduced to writing, which required that their word-formation principles and spelling and orthographic rules be recorded. This process, as well as the documentation of the written form of languages or language varieties, lead to the development of lexicographical and terminographical products. Certain similarities between Bildts, Afrikaans and the official African languages (i.e. the Sintu languages) of South Africa are also discussed. It is interesting to note that related languages can share terms even though they are used on different continents. In addition, it is noteworthy that non-related languages used on the same continent or on different continents can share terms, for instance through the processes of transliteration and borrowing. A language, dialect or language variety has a better chance of developing (and surviving) if it is standardised and the standard form is recognised and accepted, because the standard variety facilitates word and term creation. Language development stimulates the practice of lexicography and terminography. The attitude of language users, establishments dedicated to the promotion of the language concerned and governments also determines whether a language will develop and be used and standardised. In Friesland, the Fryske Akademy and in Het Bildt, the Bildtse Akademie, or Stichting Ons Bildt, are concerned with the furtherance ofthe languages for which they were founded, namely Friesian and Bildts, respectively. These bodies regulate the spelling and orthographic rules and dictionary compilation in their respective languages. In South Africa, the former dispensation of two official languages favoured the development of Afrikaans. Numerous general and technical bilingual dictionaries were compiled between 1925 and 1995. The Woordeboek van die Afrikaanse Taal ("Dictionary of the Afrikaans Language") is a comprehensive monolingual Afrikaans dictionary - an ongoing project since 1925. The current multilingual dispensation was introduced by the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993, section 3(9) ofwhich providedfor, among other things, the equal treatment of the eleven South African languages recognised as official languages. This was incorporated in the Constitution, 1996, as well. In 2023, South African Sign Language was included in section 6(1) of the Constitution, 1996, as an official language. Eleven National Lexicography Units were established to develop monolingual dictionaries for each of the official languages. The National Lexicography Unit for South African Sign Language is in the process of being established. South African terminology practice is coordinated by the Terminology Coordination Section, a directorate within the National Language Service of the Department of Sport, Arts and Culture. A national term bank serves as a national repository for the dissemination of multilingual polythematic terminology in South Africa. Several institutions develop terminology in their respective fields, but these activities are not properly coordinated, which leads to duplication of projects and results in a proliferation of terms for the same concept in the same subject field and/or language. In order to survive, a language should be developed and used and should enable communication in all spheres of human activity. If a language loses its ability so to function, its value diminishes and its linguistic community moves to another, more suitable language. The users of Afrikaans (and the other official South African languages) could learn much from the small number of users of the Bildts language as far as language maintenance and determination is concerned.

Resumen Introducción/objetivo: las investigaciones sobre el apego adulto se han realizado principalmente en países anglosajones o europeos, y hasta el momento no ha habido una recopilación de las contribuciones provenientes de Latinoamérica. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo hacer una revisión sistemática de la investigación empírica sobre el apego adulto en América Latina en la última década. Método: utilizando la metodología PRISMA, se efectuó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO y Scielo entre abril y agosto de 2023. Se incluyeron investigaciones empíricas publicadas en los últimos 10 años en español, inglés y portugués, centradas en el estudio del apego adulto. Entre los criterios de exclusión considerados se encuentran las investigaciones empíricas con muestras de niños y adolescentes, así como estudios que utilicen muestras latinas reclutadas fuera de los países latinoamericanos. El riesgo de sesgo de los estudios incluidos se evaluó mediante la herramienta The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Resultados: tras el proceso de tamizaje y revisión, se revisaron 62 artículos. La mayoría de los estudios han empleado metodologías cuantitativas, principalmente desde la tradición de la psicología social y de la personalidad, más que de la proveniente de la psicología evolutiva. Los tópicos abordados se agrupan en variables de funcionamiento individual y relacional, con resultados consistentes con los identificados en otras regiones. Conclusiones: se discuten las implicancias de estos hallazgos y se proponen líneas de investigación futura. Una limitación del presente estudio es la posible omisión de investigaciones relevantes no publicadas o disponibles en otras bases de datos.

Abstract Introduction/Objective: Research on adult attachment has predominantly been conducted in Anglo-Saxon and European countries, with no comprehensive compilation of contributions from Latin America to date. The objective of the present study was to perform a systematic review of empirical research on adult attachment in Latin America over the past decade. Method: Using the PRISMA methodology, a search was conducted in the Web of Science, Scopus, PsycINFO, and Scielo databases between April and August 2023. Empirical research published in the last 10 years in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, focusing on the study of adult attachment, were included. Some of the exclusion criteria were empirical research with samples of children and adolescents, as well as studies using Latino samples recruited outside of Latin American countries. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. Results: After the screening and review process, 62 articles were examined. Most of the studies employed quantitative methodologies and were rooted in the tradition of social and personality psychology rather than developmental psychology. The topics addressed are grouped into individual and relational functioning variables, with results consistent with those identified in studies conducted in other regions. Conclusions: The implications of these findings are discussed, and future research directions are proposed. One limitation is the possible omission of relevant unpublished studies or available in other data bases.

Resumen El análisis de la producción de los aprendientes de una lengua extranjera resulta vital para definir los parámetros por los que ésta se adquiere. Es por ello que resulta indispensable la elaboración y utilización de corpus de aprendientes. La pandemia de covid-19 provocó cambios en la metodología docente. Durante la misma, debido a la imposibilidad de impartir las clases de manera presencial y al estar el alumno obligado a enviar sus trabajos en formato electrónico para su corrección, fue posible la compilación de un corpus empleando los trabajos de aprendientes chinos que estudian español en la Universidad de Nankai (China). El objetivo de este artículo es detallar los pasos para la creación de un corpus textual, su compilación y las herramientas a emplear para su análisis, específicamente el programa AntConc. Después de la creación y análisis del corpus, se concluye que utilizando el corpus se pueden identificar las carencias y dificultades a las que se enfrentan los estudiantes, lo que permite conformar modelos de aprendizaje lingüístico y mejorar los ya existentes. Además, su incorporación en el aula permite individualizar el aprendizaje lingüístico del alumnado y generar teorías sobre el uso que se hace del lenguaje.

Abstract The analysis of the production of learners of a foreign language is crucial for defining the parameters by which it is acquired. Therefore, the development and use of learner corpora are indispensable. The Covid-19 pandemic brought about changes in teaching methodology. During this period, due to the impossibility of conducting in-person classes and the necessity for students to submit their work electronically for correction, it became possible to compile a corpus using the essays of Chinese learners studying Spanish at Nankai University (China). This article aims to detail the steps for creating a textual corpus, its compilation, and the tools to be used for its analysis, specifically the program AntConc. After the creation and analysis of the corpus, it is concluded that, by using the corpus, one can identify the deficiencies and difficulties faced by students, which allows for the formation of linguistic learning models and the improvement of existing ones. Moreover, its incorporation in the classroom enables the individualization of students’ linguistic learning and the generation of theories about language use.

Abstract: This article examines the process of elaboration, edition and circulation of the Compendio de Historia de América, published in 1865 by the Chilean intellectual Diego Barros Arana. This analysis shows, on the one hand, the complex functioning of the industry and the educational print market in Chile in the mid-nineteenth century, while exposing the forms of relationships between the agents associated with the existence of the book. On the other hand, it enables us to understand the mechanisms that facilitated the mobility of this printed material at a national and regional scale, and to uncovers the reasons that explain its validity as a reference text for the teaching of the subject for more than half a century. Thus, through the compilation of different editions of the text, archival material and diverse bibliography, the double function of the work as a pedagogical tool for the transmission of a discourse (liberal and Americanist) and as a relevant product or object -like all those of its genre- for the viability of the Chilean printing industry is revealed.

Resumen: Este artículo examina el proceso de elaboración, edición y circulación del Compendio de Historia de América, publicado en 1865 por el intelectual chileno Diego Barros Arana. Dicho análisis permite exhibir, por una parte, el complejo funcionamiento de la industria y el mercado del impreso educativo en Chile a mediados del siglo XIX, a la vez que expone las formas de relacionamiento entre los diversos agentes asociados a la existencia del libro. Por otro lado, habilita conocer los mecanismos que facilitaron la movilidad de este impreso a nivel nacional y regional, y descubre las razones que explican su vigencia como texto referencial para la enseñanza de la asignatura por más de medio siglo. Así, mediante la compulsa de distintas ediciones del texto, material de archivo y diversa bibliografía, se advierte la doble función de la obra como herramienta pedagógica para la transmisión de un discurso (liberal y americanista) y como producto u objeto relevante -como todos los de su género- para la viabilidad de la industria impresora chilena.

Abstract This article reflects on the oddities of recent artificial intelligence (AI) tools available on the internet, with the aim of creating an internet artwork titled AIDOJ (2023). It examines the biases stemming from the intrinsic elements of these tools - namely statistical principles and the interpretation of pre-existing data - as well as their large-scale nature. These factors tend to make the tools aesthetically conservative (Martín Prada, 2024), promoting "average" versions of the language (Weatherby, 2023) and reinforcing conventional and hegemonic norms. Believing that the field of art serves as a powerful space for critically reflecting on the implications of technology, we begin by encountering the term "disruptive" - a term whose modern usage denotes a contained and "marketable" form of rebellion. This inadvertently defines one of the most transgressive movements in the history of internet art: the European duo JODI - formed by Joan Heemskerk and Dirk Paesmans. We then prompted one of the most popular AI systems to generate creative outputs as chaotic and subversive as JODI's work. Through this process, the compilation of a hundred generated outputs - represented as HTML pages - forms an internet artwork. The work materialises, and as a result, AIDOJ raises critical questions about artistic creation with AI systems, exposing the aesthetic timidity of these technologies.

Resumo Este artigo tece reflexões em torno de idiossincrasias das ferramentas recentes de inteligência artificial (IA) disponíveis na internet com o objetivo de criar uma obra de arte para a internet chamada AIDOJ (2023). Consideram-se os vieses decorrentes dos elementos intrínsecos destas ferramentas - os princípios estatísticos e a leitura de dados preexistentes - bem como o caráter massivo envolvido. Assim, estas ferramentas tenderiam a ser esteticamente conservadoras (Martín Prada, 2024) e a promoverem versões “medianas” de linguagem (Weatherby, 2023), reforçando o que é convencional e hegemônico. Daí, acreditando que o campo da arte é um espaço potente para refletir de forma crítica sobre implicações da tecnologia, em primeiro lugar, nos deparamos com o termo “disruptivo” - cujo sentido atual denota uma rebeldia contida e “vendável” -, desavisadamente definindo um dos percursos mais transgressores da história da arte da internet, o duo europeu JODI - composto por Joan Heemskerk e Dirk Paesmans; em seguida, instigamos um dos mais populares sistemas de IA para que gere outputs criativos tão caóticos e subversivos quanto JODI. Neste processo, a reunião de uma centena de outputs gerados - neste caso, páginas criadas em HTML - compõe um trabalho de arte para a internet. Então, a obra é realizada e enquanto resultado reflexivo, AIDOJ traz questões acerca da criação artística com sistemas de IA, revelando criticamente a pusilanimidade estética destes sistemas.

RESUMEN Introducción: la investigación aborda la problemática existente relacionada con la insuficiente utilización de métodos, medios e indicadores para la selección deportiva al baloncesto en el eslabón de base. Objetivo: proponer indicadores para la selección deportiva al baloncesto en la provincia de Cienfuegos en las edades de 10-12 años. Material y métodos: se utilizaron métodos teóricos y prácticos que contribuyeron a la recopilación de los indicadores utilizados para este proceso y para la elaboración y validación de la propuesta realizada. Se tomó como muestra a entrenadores de baloncesto de la base, con resultados significativos y con experiencia en el trabajo, también a profesores de Educación Física y entrenadores con experiencia. Resultados: la propuesta reúne indicadores para la selección como: aspectos físicos, fisiológicos, psicológicos, de contexto social y técnicos a partir de las características en estas edades y los objetivos para la educación primaria, incluyendo a la familia y al profesor de Educación Física. En la consulta con los especialistas, de los seis indicadores analizados y validados, cuatro se mostraron con categoría de muy adecuado para el 66.6 % y dos de bastante adecuado, para el 33.3 %. Conclusiones: se demostró desde la teoría el correcto diseño propuesto, así como que la propuesta de indicadores aporta a los entrenadores en la base una herramienta apropiada para la selección de talentos en la provincia para el deporte de baloncesto en las edades señaladas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: the research addresses the existing problem related to the insufficient use of methods, means and indicators for basketball sports selection at the grassroots level. Objective: to propose indicators for the Basketball sports team in the province of Cienfuegos at the ages of 10-12 years. Material and methods: theoretical and practical methods were used that contributed to the compilation of the indicators used for this process and for the preparation and validation of the proposal made. Basketball coaches from the base, with significant results and with work experience, as well as Physical Education teachers and experienced coaches, were taken as a sample. Results: the proposal brings together indicators for selection such as: physical, physiological, psychological, social context and technical aspects based on the characteristics at these ages and the objectives for primary education, including the family and the Physical Education teacher. In consultation with the specialists, of the six indicators analyses and validated, four were found to be very suitable for 66.6% and two were found to be quite suitable for 33.3 %. Conclusions: the correct proposed design was demonstrated from theory, as well as that the proposal of indicators provides coaches at the base with an appropriate tool for the selection of talents in the province for the sport of Basketball at the indicated ages.

RESUMO Introdução: a pesquisa aborda o problema existente relacionado ao uso insuficiente de métodos, meios e indicadores para a seleção esportiva de basquete em nível de base. Objetivo: propor indicadores para a equipe esportiva de basquete da província de Cienfuegos nas idades de 10 a 12 anos. Material e métodos: foram utilizados métodos teóricos e práticos que contribuíram para a compilação dos indicadores utilizados para este processo e para a preparação e validação da proposta realizada. Foram tomados como amostra treinadores de basquete de base, com resultados significativos e com experiência profissional, bem como professores de Educação Física e treinadores experientes. Resultados: a proposta reúne indicadores para seleção como: aspectos físicos, fisiológicos, psicológicos, contexto social e aspectos técnicos com base nas características dessas idades e nos objetivos para o ensino fundamental, incluindo a família e o professor de Educação Física. Na consulta aos especialistas, dos seis indicadores analisados e validados, quatro se mostraram muito adequados para 66,6 % e dois bastante adequados para 33,3 %. Conclusões: demonstrou-se a partir da teoria o correto desenho proposto, bem como que a proposta de indicadores proporciona aos treinadores da base uma ferramenta adequada para a seleção de talentos na província para a modalidade basquete nas idades indicadas.

Surface coal operations in which mining activities are conducted above old underground workings experience hot holes after drilling. In a coal mine, hot holes are defined as shot holes, which after being drilled have an in-hole ambient temperature of 40°C or above or show a temperature increase of 3°C or more during monitoring. Hot holes and other cavities, such as cracks, pose health and safety risks to workers, such as exposure to hot air and high concentrations of noxious gases released from these holes. In addition, workers may be exposed to premature detonation of explosives caused by in-hole temperature increases and chemical reactions. To this end, Coaltech Research Association commissioned a project to develop a Best Practice Guideline for the management of hot holes. This paper is a compilation of the activities conducted in the development of the Best Practice Guideline between 2021 and 2022. The activities included a review of standard operating procedures and hot-hole temperature-measuring and -monitoring devices, and the assessment of current hot-hole procedures at selected mines. The results indicated that management of hot holes requires a focus on pre-emptive risk assessment of mining blocks, identification of hot holes using the correct temperature-measuring devices, and continuous monitoring of hot holes from the time of drilling until just before blasting. Hot-hole management accessories, such as polyvinyl chloride sleeves, were found to be effective in insulating the hot-hole emulsion from the rock mass temperature, thus preventing the potential for premature detonation.

Resumen El corpus se constituye con un compilado de relatos sobre la experiencia de ser homosexual y vivir con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) conformado a partir de una serie de entrevistas a profundidad, registros etnográficos situados y conversaciones informales realizadas en el transcurso del año de 2022 a un hombre homosexual que vive con VIH en Puebla, México —y a quien se nombra Patricio—. Se analizan algunos de los cruces semiótico-materiales mediante los cuales se configuran sus vivencias y se destacan ciertas figuras imaginarias, los afectos en que se enmarcan sus modos de interacción, algunas travesías de su vida cotidiana y sus posibilidades de contención frente a prácticas discriminatorias y escenarios estigmatizantes. En tres momentos, se exponen algunos de los modos en que, entre las formas de encarnar una enfermedad y los modos en que se corporeiza la homosexualidad, estas dimensiones parecen sostenerse en la marca cultural —siempre histórica, siempre política— de la vergüenza y el orgullo.

Abstract The corpus is made up of a compilation of stories about the experience of being homosexual and living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) made up of a series of in-depth interviews, situated ethnographic records and informal conversations carried out during the year 2022 with a man homosexual who lives with HIV in Puebla, Mexico — and who is named Patricio—. Some of the semiotic-material intersections through which his experiences are configured are analyzed. In addition, certain imaginary figures are highlighted, the affects in which his modes of interaction are framed, some journeys of his daily life and his possibilities of containment in the face of discriminatory practices and stigmatizing scenarios. In three moments, some of the ways in which, between the ways of embodying an illness and the ways in which homosexuality is embodied, are exposed, these dimensions seem to be sustained by the cultural mark —always historical, always political— of shame and pride.

Resumo O corpus é composto por uma compilação de histórias sobre a experiência de ser homossexual e conviver com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV), composta por uma série de entrevistas em profundidade, registros etnográficos situados e conversas informais realizadas durante o ano de 2022 com um homem homossexual que vive com HIV em Puebla, México —e que se chama Patricio—. São analisadas algumas das intersecções semiótico-materiais através das quais se configuram as suas experiências e são destacadas certas figuras imaginárias, os afetos em que se enquadram os seus modos de interação, alguns percursos do seu quotidiano e as suas possibilidades de contenção face às práticas discriminatórias. e cenários estigmatizantes. Em três momentos, são expostas algumas das formas como, entre as formas de corporificação de uma doença e as formas de corporificação da homossexualidade, essas dimensões parecem ser sustentadas pela marca cultural –sempre histórica, sempre política– da vergonha e orgulho.

RESUMO O presente artigo, parte de uma investigação mais ampla sobre o espaço público e o habitar poético, analisa a obra denominada Museo Experimental El Eco, uma das mais importantes obras da arquitetura moderna do México, na qual o espaço arquitetônico participa ativamente da apresentação de diversas manifestações artísticas e da experiência emocional, estética e sensível do público. Localizado na Colonia (bairro) San Rafael, na Cidade do México, “El Eco” foi projetado e construído entre 1952 e 1953 por Mathias Goeritz, um artista visual destacado por sua ampla pesquisa, cujo trabalho abrange desde a arte gráfica até a escultura urbana. Com grande reconhecimento como artista e uma visão crítica da arquitetura moderna, Goeritz teve a oportunidade de expressar em uma obra arquitetônica, com poucas condições programáticas, sua própria compreensão da arquitetura, que condensou em seu famoso manifesto da arquitetura emocional. O trabalho apresenta uma análise da espacialidade arquitetônica da referida obra, centrada na experiência do local e apoiada na compilação e no estudo dos antecedentes, visitas e passeios pelo local em dias diferentes, tomadas fotográficas e a elaboração dos respectivos planos. Como grande artista que foi, Goeritz, com esta obra, é capaz de abordar a arquitetura como o resultado da conjunção do vazio e da matéria, de modo que a emoção e as sensações do corpo no espaço fluam, para estruturar o próprio significado da criação arquitetônica.

ABSTRACT This article, inscribed within a broader investigation of public space and poetic living, analyzes Museo Experimental El Eco, one of the masterpieces of modern architecture in Mexico, where the architectural space participates actively in the presentation of diverse artistic manifestations and the public’s emotional, aesthetic, and sensitive experience. “El Eco,” a project embedded in the San Rafael neighborhood in Mexico City, was designed and built between 1952 and 1953 by Mathias Goeritz, a grand plastic artist whose work ranges from the field of graphics to urban sculpture. With his great recognition as an artist and a critical vision of modern architecture, Goeritz is presented with the opportunity to shape an architectural project with few programmatic constraints, his understanding of architecture, which, in turn, condenses in his famous manifesto of emotional architecture. The article presents an analysis of the architectural spatiality of this work, focused on the experience of the place and supported by the compilation and study of the background information, visits, tours on different days, photographic shots, and preparation of the respective plans. Goeritz, like the great artist he was, is able to approach architecture as the result of the meeting of emptiness and matter so that the body’s emotions and sensations in the space flow to structure the very meaning of architectural creation.

RESUMEN El presente artículo, inscrito en una investigación más amplia en torno al espacio público y el habitar poético, analiza la obra denominada: Museo Experimental El Eco, una de las obras cumbre de la arquitectura moderna en México, donde el espacio arquitectónico participa activamente en la presentación de diversas manifestaciones artísticas y en la experiencia emocional, estética y sensible del público. Obra enclavada en la Colonia San Rafael, Ciudad de México, “El Eco” es proyectado y construido entre los años 1952 y 1953, por Mathias Goeritz, artista plástico de grandes búsquedas, cuya obra va desde el campo de la gráfica a la escultura urbana. Con un gran reconocimiento como artista y una visión crítica de la arquitectura moderna, a Goeritz se le presenta la oportunidad de plasmar en una obra arquitectónica, con escasas condicionantes programáticas, su propia comprensión de la arquitectura, la que a su vez condensa en su famoso manifiesto de la arquitectura emocional. El trabajo presenta un análisis de la espacialidad arquitectónica de la obra referida, centrado en la experiencia del lugar y soportado en la recopilación y estudio de los antecedentes, visitas y recorridos en distintos días al lugar, tomas fotográficas y elaboración de los planos respectivos. Como el gran artista que fue, Goeritz, es capaz con esta obra de abordar la arquitectura como el resultado de la conjunción del vacío y la materia, para que la emoción y las sensaciones del cuerpo en el espacio fluyan, para estructurar el sentido mismo de la creación arquitectónica.

ABSTRACT The distribution and conservation status of the following four endemic species occurring in Paraguay were analysed; Baccharis illinitoides, Casimirella guaranitica, Neltuma rojasiana and Piptadeniopsis lomentifera. The methodology included the compilation of all available information in national and international herbaria, in the literature, and in the GBIF database; the taxonomic determination of specimens, and; the generation of a database with ecological information and geographical coordinates. Distribution maps were produced and the conservation status of each species was analysed according to IUCN Criterion B using the GeoCAT tool. The results showed that B. illinitoides and C. guaranitica are strictly endemic to Paraguay, meanwhile N. rojasiana and P. lomentifera are endemic to the Dry Chaco Ecoregion, which in turn forms part of the Gran Chaco Americano. These four species face land-use change for agricultural and livestock development as their main threat. It was proposed to classify the four species as threatened; B. illinitoides and C. guaranitica under the EN category, and N. rojasiana and P. lomentifera under VU. The importance of the protected wild areas where these species inhabit was highlighted in order to guarantee their conservation.

RESUMEN Se analizó la distribución y el estado de conservación de cuatro especies endémicas presentes en la flora paraguaya; Baccharis illinitoides, Casimirella guaranitica, Neltuma rojasiana y Piptadeniopsis lomentifera. La metodología incluyó la recopilación de toda la información disponible en herbarios nacionales y extranjeros, en la literatura y en la base de datos GBIF; la determinación taxonómica de ejemplares, y; la generación de una base de datos con información ecológica y coordenadas geográficas. Se elaboraron mapas de distribución y con la aplicación de la herramienta GeoCAT se realizó el análisis del estado de conservación de cada especie según el Criterio B de UICN. Los resultados mostraron que B. illinitoides y C. guaranitica son especies estrictamente endémicas del territorio paraguayo, mientras que N. rojasiana y P. lomentifera constituyen endemismos de la Ecorregión Chaco Seco, perteneciente al Gran Chaco Americano. Las cuatro especies enfrentan, como principal amenaza, el cambio de uso de los suelos con fines de desarrollo agrícola y ganadero. Se propuso clasificar a las cuatro especies analizadas como amenazadas; B. illinitoides y C. guaranitica bajo la categoría EN, y N. rojasiana y P. lomentifera bajo VU. Se destacó la importancia de las áreas silvestres protegidas donde habitan estas especies para garantizar su conservación.

Dit klink ongehoord om sensuur op artikels te wil toepas, wanneer dié artikels op grond van natuurwetenskaplike navorsing aandui dat die bevindinge in ooreenstemming is met dit wat 'n groot deel van die wereldbevolking glo. Tog is 'n onlangse voorbeeld hiervan die reaksie op vier artikels wat in 2023 in die Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (TGW) gepubliseer is. In hierdie artikels is die resultaat van natuurwetenskaplike en kosmologiese navorsing wat op 'n hoogs intelligente en presiese ontwerp in beide makro- en mikrokosmos dui, bespreek. Die navorsingsresultate dui daarop dat daar 'n intelligente ontwerper van die kosmos moet wees. In sy reaksie op die vier artikels, erken Spangenberg die geldigheid van die navorsings-resultate, maar hy voer aan dat dit nie met die eerste vyf boeke van die Bybel vergelyk kan word nie, aangesien laasgenoemde nie betroubaar is nie. Gegrond op sy ewolusionistiese siening van godsdiens, beweer hy dat die Pentateug as 'n bloot menslike samestelling van verskeie en teenstrydige dokumente ontstaan het. Resente Bybelwetenskaplike navorsing dui egter heelwat probleme met hierdie bronnehipotese aan, met die gevolg dat navorsers terugkeer na die siening dat die Pentateug grootliks deur een outeur saamgestel is, 'n geheel vorm en as sodanig betroubaar is. Anders as wat Spangenberg met sy verwysing na Galileo beweer, staan die Christendom nie in die pad van goeie navorsing nie. Christen-denkers het deur die eeue heen kosbare wetenskaplike werk gedoen en boonop verskeie universiteite gestig en befonds. Wetenskaplike ondersoek vereis 'n onbevooroordeelde benadering, wat die geleentheid skep dat bevindinge eerlik geïnterpreteer kan word om tot die mees waarskynlike gevolgtrekkings te lei. In 'n era waar rofweg 'n derde van die mensdom hulleself as Christene beskou (Dyvik, 2023), terwyl die persentasie mense wat ateïsties die idee van 'n goddelike wese verwerp wêreldwyd baie laag is, is dit opvallend dat voorstanders van laasgenoemde kategorie, navorsers en navorsing uit eersgenoemde groepering probeer stilmaak. 'n Resente voorbeeld hiervan is die reaksie op vier artikels wat in 2023 in die Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (TGW) verskyn het. In hierdie artikels (Dreyer, Van der Walt & Denton, 2023; Dreyer & Van der Walt, 2023a, 2023b, 2023c) bespreek die skrywers nuwere wetenskaplike ontdekkings en hoe die ontdek-kings aanduiding van hoogs-intelligente en presiese ontwerp gee.

In a time where approximately one-third of the world Spopulation identify as Christian, while the percentage of individuals rejecting the idea of a divine being remains relatively low, it is striking that proponents of the latter category attempt to silence research and findings from the former group. A recent example of this is the reaction to four articles published in 2023 in the Tydskrif vir Geesteswetenskappe (Journal of Humanities). These articles discuss recent scientific research, indicating highly intelligent and precise design in both macrocosm and microcosm, leading researchers to logically conclude that there must be a designer who cannot be a part of the cosmos itself. This conclusion causes significant discomfort among atheistically inclined thinkers, as evidenced by the fierce response to these articles. It appears that there is even pressure on academic journals to employ censorship and refrain from publishing such research. This article is a reaction to such criticism. Spangenberg (2023) takes issue with the assumption of the researchers of the four articles that humans are rational beings, by emphasising the irrationality of certain human behaviour. He has a significant problem with the researchers' suggestion that the order found in nature and humans' rational thinking abilities cannot be seen as coincidental but are ordained by God. He also attempts to create a contradiction between a merciful God and a God who punishes sin. But all these arguments can be dismissed based on basic logic. Spangenberg accuses the authors of misinformation when discussing Genesis. Referring to Genesis 1:26, he asserts that when God says, "let us make man," it implies multiple gods. Spangenberg's idea of polytheism in Genesis is further emphasised by his reference to the garden in Genesis 2 as the garden of gods, because it was located in the east. According to him, that would have referred to the place where heaven and earth meet, allowing gods residing in heaven to enter the earth. This conclusion based on the garden's eastern location resembles a slippery slope form of reasoning. Even when considering only the Pentateuch, the introduction of the so-called assembly of gods and garden of gods in Genesis 1 and 2 by Spangenberg cannot be considered a plausible interpretation. The focus in the Pentateuch, as in the rest of the Bible, is on the fact that God must be known and acknowledged as the only God, contrary to the pagan nations' concept of multiple gods. Spangenberg based his ideas on the documentary hypothesis - a theory that claims that the first five books of the Bible emerged over a long period of time and that they are a compilation of various and contradictory documents. He uses this to discredit the research in the four articles, despite the fact that even supporters of the documentary hypothesis admit to problems in this hypothesis. Contemporary research suggests that it is crucial to consider the truth claims of the Pentateuch itself and move away from hypothetical source documents. Arguments by people such as Spangenberg, that authors who do not accept this document hypothesis or give reference to it should be censured, cannot bear any weight. In fact, recent research returns to the idea that the Pentateuch is a single work, written according to a plan and largely composed by one author. By accepting its unity and inspiration, as millions of Christians do, valuable insights can be gained, for instance by considering why specific names for God are used in particular contexts. Conversely, viewing it as merely different sources does not yield fruitful research. In a further attempt to discredit the four scientific articles in the TGW, Spangenberg points to the negative way in which the church had supposedly dealt with Galileo Galilei's heliocentric research some centuries ago. Contrary to Spangenberg's assertion, the reality is that Galileo's affair did not start as a conflict between science and the church. The church had initially encouraged Galileo to continue his work. It was particularly natural scientists who, partly justifiable and partly not, raised issues concerning the results of his research. As evidenced by the authors of the four articles mentioned above, it was especially Christian thinkers who had developed scientific knowledge throughout many centuries; moreover, they had established and funded several universities where research could be done. Upon examining the four articles opposed by Spangenberg and others, it becomes clear how crucial it is that science and its results should not be suppressed. The articles discuss research in natural sciences and cosmology that delves into the cause and fine-tuning of the universe, as well as the precision of cosmic constants that make life possible. Additionally, they explore the origins of encoded information within DNA, and its role in life itself. It is unacceptable to reject experimental observations and derived theories based on a negative view of Christian beliefs beforehand. Scientific inquiry necessitates an unbiased and open-minded approach, demonstrating the courage to interpret data honestly, in order to reach the most probable conclusion.

Resumen El propósito del estudio fue describir y explicar la relación entre las particularidades morfosintácticas de las palabras y el sentido que se invoca a través de ellas en el contexto discursivo de la pandemia, por medio del marco teórico de referencia para el nivel léxico-semántico. Para ello, se recolectó un número representativo de elementos lexicales cuyo rasgo común era la combinación estructural de la denominación coloquial y cotidiana con las denominaciones técnicas correspondientes al área de medicina, para generar nuevos términos, modificados e, incluso, resignificados, pero en alusión a la cotidianidad del confinamiento. El estudio se desarrolló según los planteamientos de la metodología terminológica sistemática Cabré (2017) y Bevilacqua (2017), por cuanto debe seguir una serie de fases consecutivas, a saber: tema, lengua, usuarios, selección de herramientas de extracción lingüística, elaboración de la base de datos e informaciones que se van a incluir en la construcción del corpus. Lo anterior condujo a la recopilación de 208 términos, en un fichero léxico.

Abstract The purpose of the study was to describe and explain the relationship between the morphosyntactic particularities of words and the meaning invoked through them in the discursive context of the pandemic, using the theoretical framework of reference for the lexical-semantic level. To this effect, a representative number of lexical elements was collected, whose common feature was the structural combination of colloquial and everyday terms with the technical ones corresponding to the field of medicine, in order to generate new terms, modified and even resignified, but alluding to the daily life of the lockdown. This study was conducted according to the principles of Cabré and Bevilacqua’s systematic terminological methodology, wherein a series of consecutive phases must be followed, namely: topic, language, users, selection of linguistic extraction tools, preparation of the database, and the information to be included in the construction of the corpus. The above led to the compilation of 208 terms in a lexical file.

Resumo O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e explicar a relação entre as particularidades morfossintáticas das palavras e o significado invocado através delas no contexto discursivo da pandemia, utilizando um quadro teórico de referência para o nível léxico-semântico. Para o efeito, foi coletado um número representativo de elementos lexicais, cuja caraterística comum foi a combinação estrutural de nomes coloquiais e quotidianos com nomes técnicos correspondentes à área da medicina, de modo a gerar novos termos, modificados e até ressignificados, mas alusivos ao carácter quotidiano do confinamento. O estudo foi desenvolvido de acordo com as abordagens da metodologia terminológica sistemática Cabré (2017) e Bevilacqua (2017), na medida em que deve seguir uma série de fases consecutivas: tema, língua, usuários, seleção de ferramentas de extração linguística, elaboração da base de dados e informações para incluir na construção do corpus. Isto levou à coleta de 208 termos num ficheiro lexical.

Resumen La forma en la que ciertos grupos son representados en medios audiovisuales es importante. Los videojuegos, como recurso multimedia inmersivo, no escapan a estereotipos de género. Este artículo tiene por objetivo describir la metodología para la construcción de personajes del videojuego costarricense SOOT. Para realizar esto, se siguió un proceso metodológico de recopilación y teoría en el tema en el área narrativa. Posteriormente, a través de ejemplos tomados del videojuego, se describe la metodología de diseño, una mezcla propia derivada de los modelos de Ellis y Bratman. Además, desde la perspectiva narrativa se trabajan los arquetipos de los personajes femeninos, del juego y el viaje del héroe en los personajes principales. Es importante explorar más el tema con otros casos de estudio para mejorar las representaciones no solo de mujeres sino de otras minorías en videojuegos.

Abstract The way in which certain groups are represented in the audiovisual media is important. Video games, as an immersive multimedia resource, are not exempt from gender stereotypes. The purpose of this article is to describe the methodology to create characters for the Costa Rican video game SOOT. To do this, a methodological process of compilation and theory on the subject in the narrative area was followed. Then, using examples from the video game, the design methodology is described, a mixture derived from Ellis and Bratman’s models. In addition, the archetypes of the female characters, the game, and the hero’s journey among the main characters are explored from a narrative perspective. It is important to explore more this topic with other case studies to improve the representation not only of women but also of other minorities in video games.