RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os aspectos intangíveis (AI) que geram impactos nas empresas do sector agrícola nas diferentes fases do ciclo de vida das empresas. Para isso, utilizamos a metodologia de revisão sistemática para identificar os intangíveis no setor agrícola. Foram analisados estudos sobre o ciclo de vida das empresas para classificar o impacto dos aspectos intangíveis de acordo com a realidade das empresas. A forma como os aspectos intangíveis afetam cada fase do ciclo de vida das empresas do setor mostra que estes apresentam um impacto diferente consoante o período em que a empresa se encontra. Embora grande parte da literatura anterior tenha sugerido que os aspectos intangíveis têm efeitos positivos em diferentes variáveis de desempenho, não existem estudos científicos que abordem especificamente a importância destes aspectos intangíveis no ciclo de vida das empresas do setor agrícola. RESUMO AI (AI isso encontra desempenho

ABSTRACT: This paper identified the intangible aspects (IA) that generate impacts in companies of the agricultural sector in the different stages of the companies life cycle. This paper is based on a systematic review methodology to identify intangibles in the agricultural sector. Studies on the life cycle of companies were analyzed to classify the impact of intangible aspects according to the reality of companies. Identify the intangible aspects that impact the agricultural sector through a review of the scientific literature. How intangible aspects affect each stage of the life cycle of companies in the sector shows that they have a different impact depending on the period in which the company is located. Although, much of the previous literature has suggested that intangible aspects have positive effects on a variety of performance variables, there are no scientific studies that specifically address the importance of these intangible aspects in the life cycle of companies in the agricultural sector. ABSTRACT IA (IA located Although variables

Abstract The purpose of this article lies in addressing the contemporary challenge of evaluating companies and brands, delving into the historical development of objective economic value and subjective economic value. Its aim is to provide a comprehensive understanding that supports strategic decision-making in a dynamic business environment. To achieve this, it delves into the complexity of business value and brand value, considering both objective financial measurements and subjective intangible aspects. The research, with a descriptive and documentary approach, emphasizes the need to integrate both perspectives. It focuses on revealing the convergence and divergence between objective value, represented by traditional financial metrics, and subjective value, reflected in intangible elements. This hybrid and holistic approach allows for a more complete and profound understanding of business value, enabling well-informed and solid decision-making in a highly competitive and ever-changing business environment.

Resumen El propósito de este artículo radica en abordar la problemática del desafío contemporáneo de valorar empresas y marcas, se adentra en el desarrollo histórico del valor económico objetivo y valor económico subjetivo. Su objetivo es proporcionar una comprensión integral que respalde la toma de decisiones estratégicas en un entorno empresarial dinámico. Para ello, se sumerge en la complejidad del valor empresarial y el valor de marca, considerando tanto mediciones financieras objetivas como aspectos intangibles subjetivos. La investigación, de enfoque descriptivo y documental, destaca la necesidad de integrar ambas perspectivas. Se enfoca en revelar la convergencia y divergencia entre el valor objetivo, representado por las métricas financieras tradicionales, y el valor subjetivo, reflejado en elementos intangibles. Este enfoque híbrido y holístico permite una comprensión más completa y profunda del valor empresarial, impulsando decisiones informadas y sólidas en un entorno empresarial altamente competitivo y en constante cambio.

Resumo As cooperativas agropecuárias têm longa experiência na oferta de serviços de assistência técnica para os seus associados. Esta atuação, e as consequências advindas dela, apesar de potencialmente diversa e relevante, não tem sido suficientemente discutida por cooperativas, institutos de pesquisa e empresas que prestam o serviço. Trata-se de uma investigação teórica, que tem por objetivo investigar a questão, baseada nas experiências das cooperativas de Minas Gerais, no Brasil. Dado o contexto competitivo em que se encontram, as cooperativas agropecuárias precisam dar respostas econômicas, ao tempo em que são organizações que têm a capacidade de intervir na realidade social da população; ou seja, as cooperativas agropecuárias são atos locais que cumprem funções na promoção de melhores condições de vida para seus associados e são potenciais protagonistas do desenvolvimento rural. A conclusão aponta que considerar os serviços dos departamentos de assistência técnica e de extensão rural como uma ATER Cooperativa possibilitaria uma maior integração entre os setores administrativos, comerciais e financeiros da cooperativa, bem como o desenvolvimento coletivo dos cooperados. atuação dela relevante serviço Tratase Trata teórica questão Gerais Brasil encontram econômicas população seja administrativos cooperativa cooperados

Resumen Las cooperativas agropecuarias tienen una larga experiencia en ofrecer servicios de asistencia técnica a sus socios. Esta actuación, y las consecuencias que de ella se derivan, aunque potencialmente diversa y relevante, no han sido suficientemente discutida por las cooperativas, institutos de investigación y empresas prestadoras del servicio. Esta es una investigación teórica, que tiene como objetivo investigar el tema, a partir de las experiencias de las cooperativas en Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dado el contexto competitivo en el que se encuentran, las cooperativas agropecuarias necesitan dar respuestas económicas al mismo tiempo que son organizaciones que tienen la capacidad de intervenir en la realidad social de la población; es decir, las cooperativas agropecuarias son un acto local que cumplen funciones en la promoción de mejores condiciones de vida para sus asociados y son potenciales protagonistas del desarrollo rural. La conclusión apunta que considerar los servicios de los departamentos de asistencia técnica y extensión rural como una Cooperativa ATER permitiría una mayor integración entre los sectores administrativo, comercial y financiero de la cooperativa y el desarrollo colectivo de los cooperativistas. socios actuación derivan relevante servicio teórica tema Gerais Brasil encuentran población decir administrativo cooperativistas

Abstract Agricultural cooperatives have long experience in offering technical assistance services to their members. This action, and the consequences arising from it, although potentially diverse and relevant, has not been sufficiently discussed by cooperatives, research institutes and companies that provide the service. This is a theoretical investigation, which aims to investigate the issue, based on the experiences of cooperatives in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Given the competitive context in which they find themselves, agricultural cooperatives need to provide economic responses at the same time that they are organizations that have the capacity to intervene in the social reality of the population; that is, agricultural cooperatives are a local act that fulfill functions in the promotion of better living conditions for their associates and are potential protagonists of rural development. The conclusion points out that considering the services of the technical assistance and rural extension departments as an ATER Cooperative would enable greater integration between the administrative, commercial and financial sectors of the cooperative and the collective development of the cooperative members. members action it relevant service investigation issue Gerais Brazil themselves population administrative

Resumen Los cambios que enfrentan actualmente las organizaciones a nivel mundial producto de los diferentes paradigmas del entorno conducen a reflexionar sobre la dinámica de las empresas del sector lácteo. El propósito de la presente investigación es develar las experiencias empresariales pospandemia del sector lácteo de la provincia de Pamplona (Colombia). Para ello, se evaluó el paradigma interpretativista, el enfoque cualitativo y el método historia de vida, aplicado a cinco empresarios del sector. Como resultado se observó que el sector empresarial de los lácteos de la provincia de Pamplona se ha adaptado a las contingencias que ha impuesto el mercado, dinamizando la producción y comercialización de sus productos en el marco de la pospandemia. Además, en su mayoría, las experiencias de los empresarios han sido positivas, específicamente en la capacidad estratégica financiera al mantener o aumentar la venta de los productos; de igual manera, la capacidad estratégica de gestión permitió sacar a flote el espíritu emprendedor para continuar en el proceso empresarial a pesar de las adversidades. Sin embargo, se evidenció una afectación en la capacidad estratégica dinámica debido a los cambios en el estilo de vida y su impacto a nivel emocional. Finalmente, el conjunto de capacidades empresariales permitió el desarrollo de estrategias para el sector lácteo contribuyendo a la competitividad de la región.

Abstract The changes currently faced by organizations worldwide as a result of the different paradigms of the environment, lead to reflect on the dynamics of companies in the dairy sector. In this sense, the aim of the research is to disseminate the post-pandemic business experiences of the dairy sector in the province of Pamplona (Colombia). The interpretivist paradigm, the qualitative approach and the life history method applied to the five entrepreneurs of the sector were evaluated. As a result, it was observed that the dairy business sector in the province of Pamplona has adapted to the contingencies imposed by the market, boosting the production and marketing of its products in the post-pandemic context. In addition, the experiences of most of the entrepreneurs have been positive, specifically in the strategic financial capacity to maintain or increase the sale of products. Similarly, the strategic management capacity allowed the entrepreneurial spirit to continue the business process in spite of adversities. However, the dynamic strategic capacity was affected due to changes in lifestyle and their impact on the emotional aspect. Finally, the overall entrepreneurial capabilities allowed the development of strategies for the dairy sector contributing to the competitiveness of the region.

BACKGROUND: More often than not, organisations are stunned when there is a disjuncture between performance targets and outcomes. Companies seldom appraise the relationship and impact of their training practices on workforce performance. Consequently, they miss out on the crucial sustainable competitive advantage to be derived from these deliberate intervention procedures PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The main aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of training and development (T) practices on employee performance at Inyatsi Construction DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A positivist method, i.e., a quantitative research approach, was adopted, and a survey to purposively collect data from a (n=129) stratified sampled population was conducted on different branches of Inyatsi Construction in three different countries, with T practices being the independent variable and employee performance the dependant variable. Descriptive statistic tools, SPSS, were applied to the questionnaire's responses to gauge the reliability of all the constructs for Cronbach's Alpha value greater than 0.700, indicating the reliability of the instrument FINDINGS/RESULTS: The main linear regression analysis findings revealed a significant correlation between (i) T practices and employee performance, (ii) organizational intentions and T practices (iii) specific employee development needs and T and finally (iv) between employee key performance areas and T RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: The study shared empirical evidence of a significantly positive relationship between training practices and employee performance. Aligning human capital development needs with training practices is a potent ingredient for employee commitment, engagement and sustainable competitive advantage MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: It is hoped that these findings will assist not only management at Inyatsi Construction but organisations, in general, to view and engender investment in human capital as part of their HR strategic goals, specifically efficient talent management towards a sustainable competitive advantage ORIGINAL VALUE/CONTRIBUTIONS: The crafting of a customised T practice, together with empirical evidence of its effect on employee performance, for similar organisations operating in developing economies JEL CLASSIFICATION: M54

ORIENTATION: Organisations are hesitant to implement new technologies that are beneficial to the organisation to achieve their goals more effectively and efficiently RESEARCH PURPOSE: The study's major aim was to investigate the best practices of training and skills development in the wake of the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) using a case study of Botswana borehole drilling companies MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Training and skills development in the wake of the 4IR has received little investigation in Botswana and hence this study looked for the best practices in training and skills development in the aftermath of the 4IR and its impact on Botswana's borehole drilling companies RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: A quantitative descriptive research design was adopted for this study. A probability sample consisting of 100 participants from a population of 300 workers of Botswana borehole drilling companies was studied. Data were gathered using questionnaires and analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS MAIN FINDINGS: The study findings showed that training and skills development play an important role in equipping employees with new skills, especially in this modern day of technological advancement for an organisation to have a competitive advantage PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need in organisations to unlearn old technologies and practices and relearn new ones to successfully adapt to the realities of disruptions from technological advancement CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: The study recommended that businesses in the borehole drilling sector should embark on training and skills development if their workers are to keep abreast with the relevant technology in the industry

ABSTRACT South Korea is always pointed out as an example of a country that overcame the middle-income trap, with the upgrading of the productive structure dominated by national conglomerates (chaebols) and a highly competitive international insertion. How this occurred is the subject of heated academic debate. In this article, we identify three lines of interpretation: i) neoclassical/neoliberal, which argues that the South Korean economy was governed by the free-market, mainly since the 1980s; ii) endogenist heterodox, which points to the protagonism of the State; iii) radical dependentist, which emphasizes the positive and determining characteristic of the external context. Alternatively, we emphasize a form of dependent association with the hegemonic power (the United States of America) that propitiated the oligopolistic control of national capital companies in the leading branches of the manufacturing industry. Such association cannot be understood without reference to social conflicts in the Korean peninsula and, in particular, to the policy of the Park Chung-hee government (1961-1979) regarding the capital ownership structure and the project of achieving technological autonomy. Even after the liberalizing reforms forced in part by the hegemonic power in the 1980s and 1990s, the oligopolistic control of national companies in the leading branches of manufacturing industry remained a strategic factor for the maintenance of technological autonomy and for the alliance between the chaebols and the State in the global dispute for markets.

RESUMO A Coreia do Sul sempre é apontada como exemplo de país que superou a armadilha da renda média, com upgrading da estrutura produtiva dominada por conglomeradores nacionais (chaebols) e inserção internacional altamente competitiva. Como isso ocorreu é objeto de debate acadêmico caloroso. Neste artigo, identificamos três linhas de interpretações: i) neoclássica/neoliberal, a qual defende que a economia sul-coreana foi regida pelo livre-mercado, principalmente a partir dos anos 1980; ii) heterodoxa endogenista, a qual aponta o protagonismo do Estado; iii) dependentista radical, que enfatiza a característica positiva e determinante do contexto externo. Alternativamente, realçamos uma forma de associação dependente com a potência hegemônica (os Estados Unidos) que propiciou o controle oligopolista de empresas de capital nacional dos ramos líderes da indústria de transformação. Tal associação não pode ser entendida sem referência a conflitos sociais na península coreana e, em particular, à política do governo Park Chung-hee (1961-1979) em relação à estrutura de propriedade do capital e ao projeto de alcance da autonomia tecnológica. Mesmo depois das reformas liberalizantes forçadas em parte pela potência hegemônica nas décadas de 1980 e 1990, o controle oligopolista de empresas nacionais dos ramos líderes da indústria de transformação permaneceu fator estratégico para a manutenção da autonomia tecnológica e para a aliança entre os chaebols e o Estado na disputa global por mercados.

Abstract Paper aims The research aims at identifying the main drivers that motivate companies to adopt PSS towards a framework considering strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Originality Paper´s relevance comes from the development of a research tool that can be used by other researchers in different PSS research whether related to strategic issues or driven by low environmental impact trends. In addition, PSS drivers construct analysis. Research method A survey-based method, with a questionnaire with 30 questions were developed based on previous literature and applied to 85 executives, qualified to answer questions specifically related to the driven forces towards PSS, from different industries in Brazil. The survey data was analyzed by structural equation modeling. Main findings The results identified six main drivers: competitive advantage, portfolio, co-creation, co-production, integrated solution, and environmental sustainability. Besides, a framework looking at the integration of these six drivers is discussed in a three-level perspective strategic, tactical, and operational. Implications for theory and practice The paper could support organizations that are aiming at being a PSS provider by providing a better understand of the main drivers for moving towards product-service system solutions and it provides empirical support for the effects of hybrid models in manufacturing companies.

Resumen Objetivo: Analizar el papel que desempeña la conectividad en la Región del Bajío, México para el logro de su competitividad económica, establecer si es un factor que le otorga una ventaja competitiva absoluta. Diseño Metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de los planteamientos teóricos sobre globalización, competitividad y conectividad, particularmente de los que establecen una relación entre conectividad y competitividad, se recopiló información sobre la disposición de la conectividad con la que cuenta la región, así como sobre algunas variables económicas referidas a la exportación (subsectores de mayor volumen de exportación, personal ocupado, empresas y su aportación PIB). Luego se elaboró un índice de conectividad de la región con base en la obtención del índice de conectividad terrestre, del índice de conectividad de vías áreas y del índice de conectividad marítima y por último se calculó el coeficiente de correlación y el coeficiente de Pearson entre la conectividad y las variables económicas. Resultados: Se encontró que existe una relación entre el índice de conectividad con la competitividad de la región -medida a través de las exportaciones-, por medio de la obtención del coeficiente de correlación y el coeficiente de Pearson entre estas variables, los cuales indican una correlación positiva, pero no robusta en la región. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de información documental referente a las vías de comunicación por parte de fuentes oficiales. Hallazgos: Se encontró que la conectividad con la que cuenta la región no es igual en todos los estados que la integran, y ello propicia que las empresas se concentren en aquellos lugares donde existe mayor cobertura y accesibilidad de infraestructura física, por lo que si bien la conectividad constituye una ventaja competitiva absoluta, se advierte que no todos los territorios cuentan en la misma medida con esta ventaja.

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this work was to analyze the role of connectivity in the Bajio Region in Mexico for the achievement of its economic competitiveness as well as to establish whether it is a factor that grants it an absolute competitive advantage. Methodological Design: A review of the theoretical approaches on globalization, competitiveness and connectivity was carried out, particularly those that establish a relationship between connectivity and competitiveness. Information on the availability of connectivity in the region was collected as well as economic variables regarding exports (greater volume export subsectors, needed personnel, companies and their GDP input). A connectivity index for the region was made through information from the land, air, and maritime connectivity indexes. Last, the correlation coefficient and the Pearson coefficient were calculated between connectivity and economic variables. Results: A relationship between the connectivity index and the competitiveness of the region were found, measured through exports, through the correlation coefficient and the Pearson coefficient between these variables which indicate a positive yet not robust correlation in the region. Limitations: The lack of documented information regarding the means of communication from official sources. Findings: It was found that the connectivity that the region has is not the same in all of the states that integrate it which favors that companies concentrate in those places where there is greater coverage and accessibility of physical infrastructure, so that although connectivity constitutes an absolute competitive advantage, it is noted that not all territories have this advantage to the same extent.

Abstract The exponential growth in the vertical real estate development market presents an opportunity for construction of sustainable homes distinguished by quality, architecture and sustainability. Since development companies seek administrative strategies that allow them to respond to these demands, the aim of this research is to carry out theoretical analysis, using hermeneutics in the methodology, and identify variables that contribute to generating administrative and technological innovation in organizations. Some of our findings show that knowledge management, organizational climate and quality management act as variables in organizations that lead to the development of administrative innovation, while technological innovation is achieved through academic linkages, competitive strategies, adopting information systems and current business models and lastly, applying empirical actions.

Resumen El crecimiento exponencial en el mercado de desarrollos inmobiliarios verticales presenta una oportunidad para la construcción de viviendas sustentables, la cual se distingue por su calidad, arquitectura y sustentabilidad. Las empresas desarrolladoras se encuentran en búsqueda de estrategias administrativas que les permitan responder a estas demandas, es por ello que esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis teórico que permita determinar las variables que contribuyen a generar innovación administrativa y tecnológica en las organizaciones. La metodología utilizada fue a través de la hermenéutica. Algunos de nuestros hallazgos muestran que la gestión del conocimiento, el clima organizacional y la gestión de la calidad, actúan como variables precursoras en las organizaciones para el desarrollo de la innovación administrativa. Mientras que la innovación tecnológica se logra a través de vinculaciones académicas, estrategias competitivas, con la adopción de sistemas de información y modelos de negocios actuales y, por último, con la aplicación de acciones empíricas.

Resumen La industria 4.0 (I4.0) se caracteriza por la incorporación de tecnologías digitales a los procesos de manufactura, dotándolos de flexibilidad y capacidad de adaptación en tiempo real. El desarrollo de este tipo de industria se considera un factor competitivo a nivel mundial. Sin embargo, el sostenimiento de la I4.0 requiere la presencia de personal técnico competente capaz de llevar a cabo tareas de mejora y mantenimiento a sistemas de manufactura de alta digitalización. La zona conurbada de Tijuana-Tecate alberga industria manufacturera de los sectores electrónico, biomédico y aeroespacial, entre otros. La presencia de esta industria es fundamental dentro de las actividades económicas de la región. El objetivo del trabajo consistió en identificar las necesidades de formación asociadas al ejercicio efectivo de actividades de mantenimiento del personal técnico y de ingeniería que labora en empresas locales; así como las estrategias que éstas siguen para reentrenar y actualizar a dicho personal. En el presente trabajo de corte exploratorio, se realiza una revisión documental en cuanto a las habilidades técnicas requeridas para el desarrollo y sostenimiento de Industria 4.0, seguida de una entrevista semiestructurada a cinco miembros de la industria local responsables de áreas de mantenimiento industrial. El instrumento indagó dimensiones como tecnologías 4.0 empleadas, disponibilidad local de personal cualificado, competencias requeridas, esquemas internos de formación y estrategias para la retención y desarrollo del personal. A partir de los resultados puede observarse que las empresas entrevistadas no realizan colaboraciones con los programas educativos formales para atender las necesidades de capacitación y actualización del sector. Se identifica además un retraso en la implementación de tecnologías de industria 4.0 en la industria local y la predominancia de modelos tradicionales de mantenimiento, ya que solamente una empresa reporta el empleo de mantenimiento basado en la confiabilidad. El trabajo futuro consiste en ampliar el estudio enfocándolo en un solo sector de la industria de manufactura y realizando entrevistas a profundidad encaminadas al diseño de actividades conjuntas industria-academia para el registro de estándares de formación que deriven en la certificación de competencias específicas.

Abstract Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is characterized by the incorporation of digital technologies into manufacturing processes, giving them flexibility and the ability to adapt in real-time. The development of this type of industry is considered a competitive factor worldwide. However, the maintenance of I4.0 requires the presence of competent technical personnel capable of carrying out tasks of improvement and maintenance of highly digitized manufacturing systems. The Tijuana-Tecate metropolitan area is home to the manufacturing industry in the electronic, biomedical, and aerospace sectors, among others. The presence of this industry is fundamental to the region's economic activities. The objective of the work was to identify the training needs associated with the effective exercise of maintenance activities of technical and engineering personnel working in local companies; as well as the strategies they follow to retrain, and update said personnel. In this exploratory work, a documentary review is carried out regarding the technical skills required for the development and maintenance of Industry 4.0, followed by a semi-structured interview with five members of the local industry responsible for industrial maintenance areas. The instrument investigated dimensions such as 4.0 technologies used, local availability of qualified personnel, required skills, internal training schemes, and strategies for the retention and development of personnel. Results show that interviewed companies do not collaborate with education institutions to meet the training and updating needs of the sector. It is also identified a delay in the implementation of industry 4.0 technologies in the local industry and the predominance of traditional maintenance models since only one company reports the use of reliability-based maintenance. Future work consists of expanding the study focusing on a single sector of the manufacturing industry and conducting in-depth interviews aimed at designing joint industry-academia activities to register training standards that result in the certification of specific competencies.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the relationship between organizational culture and the leadership performed by managers of micro and small companies. Methodology: The research has a quantitative and descriptive approach. Self-administered questionnaires applied to managers were used as a data collection instrument, resulting in a sample of 82 respondents. For data analysis, descriptive and correlational techniques were used. Results: The results showed that the transactional leadership style was the most perceived in managers and the type of current predominant culture was the clan culture. When testing the conjectured hypotheses, different relationships between organizational culture and its dimensions were found with leadership styles. Clan culture showed correlation with all dimensions. Practical implications: In practical terms, the research will be able to contribute to the micro and small companies of intimate fashion and their managers, presenting new perspectives of management and development of competitive strategies, from the understanding of the leadership styles of the managers and the organizational culture of the company. Originality: Based on the research found, it appears that both organizational culture and leadership have been component variables of some mediation and moderation models that relate personal and organizational variables, but publications have not been identified in the literature that directly investigate the culture and its relationship with leadership styles in small textile companies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as relações entre cultura organizacional e a liderança desempenhada pelos gestores de micro e pequenas empresas. Metodologia: A pesquisa possui abordagem quantitativa e descritiva. Utilizou-se como instrumento de coleta de dados questionários autoaplicáveis aplicados aos gestores, resultando em uma amostra de 82 respondentes. Para a análise dos dados foram utilizadas técnicas descritivas e correlacionais. Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram que o estilo de liderança transacional foi o mais percebido nos gestores e o tipo de cultura atual predominante foi a cultura clã. Ao testar as hipóteses conjecturadas, se encontrou relações diferentes da cultura organizacional e suas dimensões com os estilos de liderança. A cultura clã mostrou correlação com todas as dimensões. Implicações práticas: Em termos práticos, a pesquisa poderá contribuir para as micro e pequenas empresas de moda íntima e seus gestores, apresentando novas perspectivas de gerenciamento e desenvolvimento de estratégias competitivas, a partir do entendimento dos estilos de liderança dos gestores e da cultura organizacional da empresa. Originalidade: Com base nas pesquisas encontradas, se verifica que a tanto a cultura organizacional quanto a liderança têm sido variáveis de componentes de alguns modelos de mediação e moderação que relacionam variáveis pessoais e da organização, mas não foram identificadas na literatura publicações que investiguem diretamente a cultura e sua relação com os estilos de liderança em pequenas empresas do ramo têxtil.

Abstract Quality consists of the standardization of manufacturing processes, the establishment of controls in operations and continuous improvement, in turn, knowledge promotes process innovation, so the constant learning in companies allows them to stay competitive in the market. The objective of this research is to determine the relationship of significance between quality and knowledge in the innovation of production processes in the manufacturing industry in Ciudad Juarez, Mexico. The study was correlational, cross-sectional with a quantitative approach using the factor analysis method and the modeling of structural equations using the survey technique. The sample was 236 valid questionnaires applied in 30 industrial companies in the maquiladora sector in the locality. The results of the convergent validity test showed that the variables are correlated and that according to the values of the average variance extracted the correlation is strong, likewise with the indicators of goodness-of-fit was obtained the degree to which the model predicts the correlations, in this case, what is observed in the data corresponds to some extent to what was proposed in the model. The relationship between quality, knowledge and innovations is positive and significant, so the research hypothesis is not rejected. Strategies implemented to improve quality and manage knowledge have a positive effect on the development of process innovations.

Resumen La calidad consiste en la estandarización de los procesos de manufactura, el establecimiento de controles en las operaciones y la mejora continua, a su vez el conocimiento promueve la innovación en los procesos, por lo que el constante aprendizaje en las empresas les permite mantenerse competitivas en el mercado. El objetivo de esta investigación es determinar la relación de significancia entre la calidad y el conocimiento en la innovación de los procesos de producción en la industria de manufactura en Ciudad Juárez, México. El estudio fue de tipo correlacional, transversal con enfoque cuantitativo mediante el método de análisis factorial y el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales utilizando la técnica de encuesta. La muestra fue de 236 cuestionarios válidos aplicados en 30 empresas industriales del sector maquiladora en la localidad. Los resultados de la prueba de validez convergente mostraron que las variables están correlacionadas y que conforme los valores de la varianza media extraída la correlación es fuerte. Con los indicadores de bondad de ajustes se obtuvo que lo observado en los datos corresponde con lo que se propuso en el modelo. La relación entre calidad, conocimiento e innovaciones es positiva y significativa, por lo que la hipótesis de investigación no se rechaza. Las estrategias que se implementen para mejorar la calidad y gestionar el conocimiento pueden tener un efecto positivo en el desarrollo de las innovaciones de proceso.

Resumo Objetivo O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar se as estratégias da Visão Baseada em Recursos Naturais (NRBV) influenciam o desempenho financeiro, representado pelo valor de mercado no Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE) da Bolsa de Valores brasileira (B3). Referencial teórico A NRBV prevê três estratégias verdes para alcançar uma vantagem competitiva sustentável: prevenção da poluição, gestão de produtos e desenvolvimento sustentável. Muitos estudos testaram uma ou duas dessas estratégias. Testamos se todas as três estratégias estão relacionadas ao desempenho financeiro das empresas do ISE. Metodologia Coletamos cinco anos de dados de 18 empresas que compõem o ISE e empregamos a análise de dados em painel neste estudo longitudinal. Resultados Todas as três estratégias da NRBV estão relacionadas ao valor de mercado das empresas de diferentes formas. Os resultados divergem da literatura atual, pois encontramos ligações positivas e negativas entre estratégias ambientais e desempenho financeiro. Implicações práticas e sociais da pesquisa Este estudo contribui com resultados empíricos da B3 para analisar o ISE utilizando a abordagem NRBV como fundamentação teórica. Isso sugere que nem todas as iniciativas ambientais aumentam o valor de mercado das empresas, pois algumas ações podem acabar levando ao resultado oposto. Os investidores e a sociedade em geral têm o direito de saber como as empresas implementam estratégias sustentáveis que vão além das exigidas por lei. Contribuições A grande contribuição deste estudo é abordar todas as três estratégias da NRBV para investigar se vale a pena ser verde em termos de valor de mercado, analisando as organizações brasileiras sustentáveis que compõem o ISE.

Abstract Purpose The aim of this research is to analyze whether natural resource-based view (NRBV) strategies lead to financial performance, represented by market value in the Brazilian stock exchange (B3) Corporate Sustainability Index (ISE). Theoretical framework The NRBV foresees three green strategies to achieve sustainable competitive advantage: pollution prevention, product stewardship and sustainable development. Many studies have tested one or two of those strategies. We tested if all three strategies are related to the financial performance of companies in the ISE index. Design/methodology/approach We collected five years of data from 18 companies that compose the ISE index and employed panel data analysis in this longitudinal study. Findings All three strategies of the NRBV are related to the companies’ market value in different ways. The results diverge from the current literature because we found positive and negative links between environmental strategies and financial performance. Practical & social implications of research This study contributes with empirical results from the B3 to analyze the ISE index using the NRBV approach as a theoretical basis. It suggests that not all environmental initiatives increase companies’ market value, as some actions may end up achieving the opposite outcome. Investors and society, in general, are entitled to know how companies implement sustainable strategies that go beyond those required by law. Originality/value The major contribution of this study is it addresses all three NRBV strategies to investigate if it pays to be green in terms of market value, by analyzing the Brazilian sustainable organizations that compose the ISE index.

Resumo Devido aos mercados competitivos, o negócio do software quer soluções mais rápidas, melhores e mais baratas num curto espaço de tempo. A reutilização de software surge como uma solução viável para estas exigências, uma vez que oferece benefícios significativos, tais como maior qualidade e eficiência e menores custos e esforços de desenvolvimento, e tempos de comercialização mais curtos. Esta investigação visa estudar e compreender o estado da prática da reutilização de software na Colômbia, fazer comparações com trabalhos relacionados, e oferecer um instrumento para a tomada de decisões nas empresas que adoptam estas práticas. Para alcançar estes objectivos, foram propostas três fases. Na primeira fase, foram definidas as questões de investigação. Na segunda fase, foi desenvolvido, avaliado e realizado um inquérito para validar práticas bem-sucedidas e barreiras à adopção no contexto da indústria de software colombiana. Finalmente, os resultados foram analisados e comunicados. O trabalho mostrou e evidenciou as expectativas, barreiras à adopção e factores que influenciam o sucesso da reutilização de software em ambientes industriais colombianos. Da mesma forma, a experiência do desenvolvimento deste trabalho serve de roteiro para outras regiões que queiram analisar o estado actual da reutilização. No entanto, cada organização precisa de determinar as suas capacidades e encontrar os factores adequados a adoptar no seu contexto.

Abstract Due to competitive markets, the software business wants faster, better, and cheaper solutions in a short amount of time. Software reuse emerges as a viable solution to these demands since it offers significant benefits, such as increased quality and efficiency and lower development costs and effort, as well as shorter commercialization times. This research aims to study and understand the state of the practice of software reuse in Colombia, to make comparisons with related works, and to offer an instrument for decision-making in companies that adopt these practices. To reach these objectives, three stages were proposed. In the first stage, the research questions were defined. In the second stage, a survey was developed, evaluated, and carried out to validate successful practices and adoption barriers in the context of the Colombian software industry. Finally, the results were analyzed and reported. This paper showed and evidenced the expectations, adoption barriers, and factors influencing the success of software reuse in Colombian industrial environments. In the same way, the experience from the development of this work serves as a roadmap for other regions that want to analyze the current state of reuse. Nevertheless, each organization needs to determine its capabilities and find the appropriate factors to be adopted to its context.

Resumen Debido a los mercados competitivos, el negocio del software quiere soluciones más rápidas, mejores y más baratas en un período corto de tiempo. La reutilización de software surge como una solución viable para estas demandas, ya que ofrece importantes beneficios, como mayor calidad y eficiencia, menores costos y esfuerzos de desarrollo y menor tiempo de comercialización. Este artículo pretende analizar el estado de la práctica de la reutilización de software en Colombia, realizar comparaciones con trabajos relacionados y ofrecer con este resultado un instrumento para la toma de decisiones en empresas que adoptan estas prácticas. Para llevar a cabo los objetivos anteriores se plantearon tres etapas. En la primera etapa se definieron las preguntas de investigación. En la segunda etapa se desarrolló, evaluó y realizó una encuesta para validar prácticas exitosas y barreras de adopción en el contexto de la industria de software colombiana. Finalmente, los resultados fueron analizados y reportados. El estudio mostró y evidenció las expectativas, barreras de adopción y factores que influyen en el éxito de la reutilización de software en entornos industriales en Colombia. El presente estudio muestra el estado actual de las prácticas de reutilización en la industria de software en Colombia. Asimismo, la experiencia en el desarrollo de este trabajo sirve como hoja de ruta para otras regiones que quieran analizar el estado actual de la reutilización. Sin embargo, cada organización necesita determinar sus capacidades y encontrar los factores adecuados para adaptarlos a su contexto.