Elektrisiteit speel 'n fundamentele rol in die volhoubare ontwikkeling en armoedeverligtingspogings. Die Suid-Afrikaanse regering het besluit om nuwe kragopwekkingsaanlegte te bou, maar voltooiing van hierdie projekte is beïnvloed deur verskeie omvangsveranderings. 'n Ondersoek is uitgevoer met behulp van die vergoedingsgebeurtenisse en variasiekomiteerekords van verskillende stasies in die SAP-databasis om die neiging van goedgekeurde omvangsveranderingsbestellings wat tydens die uitvoering van die nuwe kragstasies en bestaande aanlegte geopper is, te bepaal. Die resultate toon dat faktore soos die omvangverandering, integrasie tussen pakkette, ontwerpfoute, en versnelde skedule bygedra het tot die variasiebestellings tydens die uitvoering van die infrastruktuurprojekte.

Electricity plays a fundamental role in efforts towards sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The South African government resolved to build new power-generating plants, but the completion of these projects has been affected by different variation orders. An investigation was conducted using the compensation events and variation committee records from different stations in the SAP database to determine the trend of the variation orders that were raised during the execution of the new stations and at existing plants. The results showed that factors such as scope change, integration between packages, design errors, and expedited schedules contributed to the variation orders during the execution of the infrastructure projects.

Abstract This study scrutinizes the use of supplementary pension plans (SPPs) in the executive compensation strategies of multinational and multi-Latin firms. The proposed analysis focuses on the internal and external factors that may influence the implementation of SPPs and their role in attracting, retaining, and motivating strategically valuable human capital in the form of executive managers. The analysis was based on in-depth interviews with a range of managers, representatives of multilateral institutions, researchers, and heads of pension funds and mandatory pension plans. Relevant complementary data was obtained from a variety or documentary sources. The paper offers valuable findings and implications for the design of compensation strategies of senior managers of multinational and multi-Latin firms. The study also has implications regarding the use of loyalty mechanisms aimed at developing competitive advantages to enhance business performance.

Resumen Esta investigación examina la utilización de los planes de pensiones complementarios (PPC) en las estrategias de retribución de los directivos de empresas multinacionales y multilatinas. El análisis propuesto se centra en los factores internos y externos que pueden influir tanto en su aplicación como en su impacto a la hora de atraer y retener este capital humano de valor estratégico. El proceso de análisis utilizado se ha basado en entrevistas en profundidad con diversos directivos, representantes de instituciones multilaterales, investigadores y responsables de fondos de pensiones y de pensión obligatoria. Se obtuvieron datos complementarios relevantes de diversas fuentes documentales. Este trabajo aporta valiosas conclusiones e implicaciones para el diseño de las estrategias de retribución de los altos directivos de las empresas multinacionales y multilatinas. El estudio también tiene implicaciones en relación con el uso de mecanismos de fidelización destinados a desarrollar ventajas competitivas para mejorar los resultados empresariales.

Abstract Among the skills to be developed in the study of reactive power compensation control devices in electrical power systems is the analysis of the control models of static reactive compensators. Python is free software that allows data analysis, control and simulation of electrical power systems. The objective of the article is to propose an application that allows the study of reactive power compensation that helps improve the teaching-learning process of the subject of Power Electronics. The study was based on a qualitative - descriptive methodology in which analytical - synthetic and inductive - deductive methods were used and the survey was used as empirical methods. For the processing and analysis of the information collected, the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies was used as a statistical method. The results corroborate the importance of using the proposed method to improve the teaching-learning process.

Resumen Dentro de las habilidades a desarrollar en el estudio de los dispositivos de control de compensación de la potencia reactiva en los sistemas eléctrico de potencia se encuentra el análisis de los modelos de control de los compensadores estáticos de reactivo. Python es un software libre que permite realizar análisis de datos, control y simulación de sistemas eléctricos de potencia. El objetivo del artículo es proponer una aplicación que permita el estudio de la compensación de la potencia reactiva que ayude a mejorar el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje de la asignatura de Electrónica de Potencia. El estudio se basó en una metodología cualitativa - descriptiva en la que se utilizaron los métodos analíticos - sintético e inductivo-deductivo y como métodos empíricos se empleó la encuesta. Para el procesamiento y análisis de la información recopilada se utilizó como método estadístico el cálculo de las frecuencias absolutas y relativas. Los resultados corroboran la importancia de utilizar el método propuesto para mejorar el proceso de enseñanza - aprendizaje.

RESUMEN El objetivo del presente trabajo es analizar los relatos de cuatro docentes de inglés becarios del programa Enseña Inglés (Go Teacher) y capacitados en un país angloparlante. Este artículo describe las experiencias de los participantes durante y después del programa, así como el impacto que tuvo el mismo en su práctica docente una vez que retornaron al país. Para ello, se empleó un enfoque cualitativo a través de un diseño biográfico-narrativo para explorar las percepciones de los participantes. Se identificó que el programa influyó de manera positiva en la adquisición del idioma inglés, ya que los participantes alcanzaron el nivel requerido para enseñar en Ecuador. Del mismo modo, el programa contribuyó a la formación metodológica al brindar nuevas estrategias para la enseñanza de esta lengua. No obstante, debido a que las cohortes estaban compuestas por un alto número de becarios en la misma universidad, el uso del inglés como medio de comunicación para la interacción fue limitado. Además, se evidenció un escaso seguimiento a los becarios una vez insertados en sus instituciones durante el período de compensación, lo que resultó en una disponibilidad mínima de información respecto al impacto del programa en el sistema educativo ecuatoriano.

ABSTRACT The objective of this paper is to analyze the accounts of four English teachers who received scholarships from the Go Teacher program and were trained in an English-speaking country. This article describes the participants' experiences during and after the program, as well as the impact it had on their teaching practice once they returned to the country. A qualitative approach using a biographical-narrative design was used to explore the participants' perceptions. It was identified that the program had a positive influence on English language acquisition, as participants reached the level required to teach in Ecuador. Similarly, the program contributed to methodological training by providing new strategies for teaching English. However, because the cohorts were composed of a high number of scholarship recipients at the same university, the use of English as a means of communication for interaction was limited. In addition, there was little follow-up with the scholarship recipients once they had returned to their institutions during the compensation period, which resulted in minimal availability of information regarding the impact of the program on the Ecuadorian educational system.

ABSTRACT To imagine, to create and to transform our surroundings from the sustainability are fixed for our cultures eminently agriculturists. The art is a resource that offers to educational the correction and compensation him of the affected psychological processes in the students intellectual disability. The development of the imagination and the creativity are insufficiently diagnosed in our students and it is not used of optimal form for its social inclusion and quality of life. In the Special school Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán of the municipality of Placetas, Villa Clara, that it takes care of students with intellectual disability was made this investigation that has the objective of: to construct factories of artistic expressions of nature dissects for the treatment of the imagination and the creativity in the students with intellectual disability with the use of remainders of harvest of sustainable agriculture.It followed a qualitative way with the analysis units: students with disability, educational, farmers and craftsmen. It told on three stages, in which it was possible to be demonstrated that transformation the imagination and the creativity of the students with the use of remainders of harvest of sustainable agriculture in the art work creation from the factories, as well as the self-determination, social inclusion, labor well-being, emotional and physical well-being of the students with disability.

RESUMEN Imaginar, crear y transformar nuestro entorno desde la sostenibilidad es perentorio para nuestro planeta. El arte es un recurso que le brinda al docente la corrección y compensación de los procesos psíquicos afectados en los escolares con discapacidad intelectual. El desarrollo de la imaginación y la creatividad resulta insuficientemente diagnosticado en nuestros escolares y no se utiliza de forma óptima para su inclusión social y calidad de vida. En la escuela Especial Camilo Cienfuegos Gorriarán del municipio de Placetas, Villa Clara, que atiende a escolares con discapacidad se aplicó esta investigación que tiene el objetivo de: construir talleres de expresiones artísticas de naturaleza diseca para el tratamiento de la imaginación y la creatividad en los escolares con discapacidad intelectual con la utilización de desechos de cosecha de agricultura sostenible. Siguió un camino cualitativo con las unidades de análisis: escolares con discapacidad, docentes, campesinos y artesanos. Contó con tres etapas, en las cuales se pudo evidenciar que se transformó la imaginación y la creatividad de los escolares con la utilización de desechos de cosecha de agricultura sostenible en la creación de obras de arte desde los talleres, así como la autodeterminación, inclusión social, bienestar laboral, bienestar emocional y físico de los escolares con discapacidad.

Abstract The cultivation of coffee in agroecosystems atypical for this species affects its growth due to the effect of climate, mainly temperature and solar radiation. In 2021, variations in the microclimate, functional traits, and phenotypic plasticity of the coffee tree were studied in two altitudinal gradients of the Frailesca region, Chiapas. Plant height, stem diameter, length of orthotropic internodes, branches per plant, length of plagiotropic branches, total nodes per plant, leaves per plant, specific leaf mass, and specific leaf area were recorded in two shaded coffee plantations located at 600 and 1 000 masl. Diurnal variations in photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, and relative humidity were recorded. Photosynthetically active radiation, air temperature, and leaves per plant were greater at 1 000 masl due to the greater amount of shade existing in the coffee plantation located at 600 masl. The photosynthetically active and incident radiation at both altitudes was below the points of light compensation and saturation reported for this crop, while air temperature, leaves per plant, and RH were outside the recommended range for the coffee tree. Stem diameter, branches per plant, length of plagiotropic branches, specific leaf mass, and specific leaf area were higher in coffee trees grown at 1 000 masl. It is concluded that the Costa Rica 95 variety showed phenotypic plasticity in response to the altitudinal gradient reflected in increases in the relative distance plasticity index of stem diameter and specific leaf mass.

Resumen El cultivo de café en agroecosistemas atípicos para esta especie afecta su crecimiento debido al efecto del clima, principalmente la temperatura y la radiación solar. En el año 2021, se estudiaron las variaciones en el microclima, los rasgos funcionales y plasticidad fenotípica del cafeto en dos gradientes altitudinales de la región Frailesca, Chiapas. En dos cafetales bajo sombra, situados a 600 y 1 000 msnm, se registraron la altura de la planta, diámetro del tallo, longitud de entrenudos ortotrópicos, ramas por planta, longitud de ramas plagiotrópicas, nudos totales por planta, hojas por planta, masa foliar específica y área foliar específica. Se registraron las variaciones diurnas de la radiación fotosintéticamente activa, temperatura del aire y humedad relativa. Tanto la radiación fotosintéticamente activa, como la temperatura del aire y las hojas por planta fueron mayores a 1 000 msnm debido la mayor cantidad de sombra existente en el cafetal situado a 600 msnm. La radiación fotosintéticamente activa e incidente en ambas altitudes estuvo por debajo de los puntos de compensación y saturación luminosa reportados para este cultivo, mientras que la temperatura del aire y las hojas por planta HR estuvieron fuera del rango recomendado para el cafeto. El diámetro del tallo, ramas por planta, longitud de ramas plagiotrópicas, la masa foliar específica y el área foliar específica, fueron mayores en los cafetos crecidos a 1 000 msnm. Se concluye que la variedad Costa Rica 95, mostró plasticidad fenotípica en respuesta a la gradiente altitudinal reflejada en incrementos en el índice de plasticidad de distancias relativas del diámetro del tallo y la masa foliar específica.

Resumen: Durante el siglo XVIII se empezaron a definir los parámetros de la moderna codificación penal y del sistema judicial y penológico. El replanteamiento global de la economía, la organización social, las formas de convivencia y, en general, las diversas facetas de la vida del hombre, propio de esta centuria, no podían no abarcar la legislación criminal. Dicha rama normativa era una herramienta clave para reafirmar la autoridad del Estado, proteger el orden social que él mismo había establecido, disciplinar socialmente a los individuos como también sus prácticas de comportamientos. Al mismo tiempo, las élites ilustradas tenían muy claro que el replanteamiento de la normativa criminal habría favorecido el amplio proceso de regulación e instrucción social, que, por afectar todos los ámbitos de la vida, habría permitido contrarrestar todas aquellas prácticas y costumbres que se contraponían a su discurso y visión sistémica. Así lo demuestra la tipificación como delito penal del incendio involuntario: si durante la época medieval y moderna el incendio ocasionado por imprudencia o negligencia, es decir, sin dolo, se consideró únicamente un cuasidelito civil, y como tal obligaba el responsable únicamente a la indemnización de los daños, con la codificación penal decimonónica terminó por ser elevado a delito penal. Este artículo se propone reconstruir las etapas principales de esta transición, y explicar los motivos sociales y culturales que la impulsaron. Resumen penológico economía general hombre centuria Estado establecido comportamientos tiempo sistémica involuntario negligencia decir dolo civil daños transición impulsaron

Abstract: During the 18th century, the parameters of modern penal codification and the judicial and penological system began to be defined. The global rethinking of the economy, social organization, forms of coexistence, and, in general, the various aspects of human life characteristic of this century, inevitably involved criminal legislation. This normative branch was a key tool for reaffirming the authority of the State, protecting its social order, and socially disciplining individuals and their behavioural practices. At the same time, the enlightened elites were well aware that the rethinking of criminal regulations would have favoured the extensive process of social regulation and discipline, which, by affecting all areas of life, would have allowed counteracting those practices and customs that contradicted their discourse and systemic vision. This is demonstrated by the typification of involuntary fire as a criminal offense: if during the medieval and modern era, fire caused by imprudence or negligence, in other words, without intent, was considered merely a cuasidelito, and the responsible party was only required to provide compensation for damages, with 19th-century penal codification, it being elevated to a criminal offense. This article aims to reconstruct the main stages of this transition and explain the social and cultural reasons that pushed it. Abstract th century defined economy organization coexistence general legislation State order time discipline which vision offense era negligence words intent cuasidelito damages 19thcentury thcentury 19th

Resumo O crescimento da população humana é um risco solene para a biodiversidade em nível global. A pressão antrópica maciça e a invasão nos habitats naturais iniciaram o conflito homem-vida selvagem nas áreas rurais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o conflito entre humanos e animais selvagens no Parque Nacional Musk Deer (MDNP) de 2013 a 2018. Os resultados revelaram uma estimativa de 241.784 cabeças de gado nômades e 5.589 residenciais pastando em diferentes áreas do MDNP durante a temporada de verão. Um total de 126 cabeças foi depredado por carnívoros durante o período de estudo. A maioria (n = 39) das cabeças de gado foi morta em maio (n = 29). A depredação do gado resultou em perdas econômicas no valor de 3,115 milhões de PKRs (US$ 25.744) para a comunidade de pastores, enquanto os agricultores receberam 1,629 milhões de PKRs (US$ 13.466) perdas devido à invasão de plantações. A maioria (64%) dos entrevistados acredita que o conflito entre humanos e animais selvagens aumentou devido à escassez de alimentos ou presas nos habitats naturais dos carnívoros. A maioria (92%) dos entrevistados não gostou da presença de predadores no MDNP. Esquemas de compensação de perdas podem transformar essa atitude negativa em positiva e aumentar a tolerância com a presença de carnívoros em suas proximidades. Este estudo fornece uma visão sobre o conflito homem-vida selvagem no MDNP e abre caminho para a compreensão do conflito e conservação de espécies carnívoras na área de estudo.

Abstract Growing human population is a solemn risk to biodiversity at a global level. Massive anthropogenic pressure and invasion in the natural habitats initiated the human-wildlife conflict in rural areas. Present study aimed to assess human-wildlife conflict in Musk Deer National Park (MDNP) from 2013 to 2018. Results revealed an estimated 241784 nomadic and 5589 residential livestock heads grazed in different areas of MDNP during the summer season. A total of 126 heads were depredated by carnivores during the study period. Majority (n=39) of livestock heads were killed in May (n=29). Livestock depredation resulted in economic losses worth 3.115 million PKRs (25744 US$) to the herder community while farmers received 1.629 million PKRs (13466 US$) losses due to crop raiding. Most (64%) of the respondents believed human-wildlife conflict heightened due to scarcity of food or prey in the natural habitats of carnivores. Majority (92%) of the respondents did not like the presence of predators in MDNP. Loss compensation schemes could turn this negative attitude into the positive one and increase tolerance about the presence of carnivores in their vicinity. This study provides an insight into the human-wildlife conflict in MDNP and paves a way for understanding the conflict and conservation of carnivore species in the study area.

Resumo O urso-negro-asiático está há muito tempo em conflito com os seres humanos. A invasão de plantações é uma das principais causas desse conflito frequentemente observado no sul da Ásia: cultivos invadidos por ursos-negros afetados por atributos temporais, espaciais e antropogênicos. A compreensão desse conflito, assim como sua mitigação, é vital para a conservação dessa espécie ameaçada. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a invasão de culturas por ursos-negros na região montanhosa de Azad Jammu e Caxemira. Pesquisas de campo foram realizadas para observar características espaciais e temporais de invasão de culturas, entre 2015 e 2020, e dados coletados usando questionários desenhados e adaptados aleatoriamente em aldeias próximas às florestas. Os resultados revelaram que o milho foi a única cultura atacada por ursos-negros. Uma área total de 28 acres foi invadida pelo urso-preto na temporada de outono (agosto-novembro), resultando em um dano de 51 toneladas – todo o ataque foi realizado à noite. Cada respondente recebeu danos na colheita em 0,09 acre, com uma perda de 0,17 tonelada de rendimento. A quantidade e a área da colheita foram significativamente correlacionadas entre si. O distrito de Neelum compartilhou 49% da perda total da colheita, enquanto 47% do milho foram invadidos na faixa altitudinal de 2100-2500 m. A invasão de culturas foi altamente significativa (χ2 = 1174,64;df = 308; p < 0,01), dependente da distância até a floresta. A regressão linear revelou que a quantidade de milho foi determinada por área, tempo e área total do campo. Os agricultores enfrentaram uma perda de 3,8 milhões de PKRs devido a danos nas colheitas causados por ursos-negros. Apesar do grande prejuízo, a maioria (23%) dos respondentes não respondeu ao questionamento sobre as medidas de mitigação, indicando má adaptação das medidas preventivas. A estratégia preferida para evitar danos às plantações foi fazer barulho (27,8%) quando os ursos atacaram suas plantações. Recomenda-se o início de um esquema de compensação para os agricultores, que transformará sua atitude negativa em positiva em relação à vida selvagem e ao urso-negro em particular. O estudo fornece uma nova visão do conflito entre humanos e ursos, particularmente no contexto espacial e temporal de invasões de colheitas em AJ&K.

Abstract Asiatic black bear has long been in conflict with human beings crop raiding is a major cause of this conflict frequently noted in South Asia. Crops raided by black bears affected by temporal, spatial and anthropogenic attributes. Insight in this conflict and its mitigation is vital for the conservation of this threatened species. Present study aimed to evaluate crop raiding by black bears in the mountainous region of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Field surveys were carried out to observe spatial and temporal crop raiding features between 2015-2020 and data gathered using designed questionnaires randomly tailored in villages nearby the forests. Results revealed that maize was the sole crop raided by black bears. A total of 28-acre area was raided by black bear in the fall season (Aug-November) resulting in a damage of 51 metric tons, whole raiding was carried out at night. Each respondent received crop damage on 0.09 acre with a loss of 0.17 metric ton yield. Crop quantity and area were significantly correlated to each other. District Neelum shared 49% of the total crop loss, while 47% of the maize was raided at the altitudinal range of 2100-2500 m. crop raiding was highly significantly ( χ 2 = 1174.64 ; d f = 308 ; p < 0.01) dependent upon distance to the forest. Linear regression revealed that maize quantity was determined by area, time and the total field area. Farmers faced 3.8 million PKRs loss due to crop damage by black bears. Despite the huge loss, the majority (23%) of the respondents did not respond to the query on mitigation measures indicating a poor adaptation of preventive measures. Preferred strategy to avoid crop damage was making noise (27.8%) when bears attacked their crops. A start of compensation scheme to the farmers is recommended that will have turned their negative attitude into a positive one toward the wildlife and black bear particularly. Study provides a new insight in human-bear conflict, particularly in spatial and temporal context of crop raiding in AJ&K.

Abstract Health is a complex of situations of living conditions aligned to contexts and places at a given time. The redress process based on the expanded understanding of health is a set of rights, actions, and measures carried out by different subjects in the different dimensions of life. This article aims to analyze the perceptions and redress actions directed to peasants who suffered material and symbolic losses during the transposition of the São Francisco River, in Sertânia, Pernambuco. This is a case study with a qualitative approach. The subjects of this research were peasants over 18 years of age, of without specifying gender, living in three peasant communities near the Eixo Leste of the transposition. Semi-structured interviews and a participatory workshop were carried out in the communities. An insufficiency in the recognition of reparation rights by the inhabitants and, consequently, a non-effectiveness of the actions developed to that end were observed. Remedial actions focused on monetary compensation from the loss of material goods, but were often undersized or even absent. It is essential that the repair be thought of from the perspective of the complexity of the case, considering all dimensions of health and life.

Resumo A saúde é um complexo de situações de condições de vida alinhadas a contextos e lugares no tempo. O processo de reparação a partir do entendimento ampliado da saúde é um conjunto de direitos, ações e medidas protagonizadas por diferentes sujeitos nas diversas dimensões da vida. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as percepções e ações de reparação direcionadas a camponeses que sofreram perdas materiais e simbólicas no decurso das obras da transposição do Rio São Francisco, em Sertânia, Pernambuco. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa. Os sujeitos desta pesquisa foram camponeses maiores de 18 anos, sem especificação de sexo, residentes em três comunidades nas proximidades do canal Eixo Leste da transposição. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas nas comunidades e uma oficina participativa. Observou-se que há uma insuficiência no reconhecimento dos direitos de reparação pelos habitantes e, consequentemente, uma não efetivação das ações desenvolvidas nesse aspecto. As ações de reparação focaram compensações monetárias para a perda de bens materiais, porém sendo muitas vezes subdimensionadas ou até mesmo ausentes. É imprescindível que a reparação seja pensada na perspectiva da complexidade do caso, considerando todas as dimensões da saúde e da vida.

ABSTRACT The use of residues resulting from the processing of agricultural products is an widely studied topic, which is justified by the need to reduce costs and by the search for productive sustainability, which has as one of its principles the full use production, reducing waste and therefore increasing the amount of products extracted per unit of area. Residual seeds, resulting from the production of fruit pulps, are rich in nutrients and with the potential to be further improved by the application of germination, increasing the protein content and the content of bioactive compounds. However, in the germination process, the product acquires a high water content, requiring immediate drying and control of the water adsorption kinetics after dehydration. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the water adsorption isotherms of germinated seeds flours from pumpkins of three varieties at temperatures of 15, 25 and 35 °C, to obtain the most appropriate mathematical model to describe the hygroscopic behavior and to determine the thermodynamic properties of water adsorption, through the values of the integral isosteric heat, differential entropy, differential enthalpy and Gibbs free energy for the studied conditions. The GAB and Peleg models fit the experimental data well. With increasing water activity, there was a reduction in isosteric heat and entropy. The enthalpy-entropy compensation theory was confirmed. Gibbs free energy was negative for all temperatures, increasing with increasing equilibrium water content, demonstrating that it is a spontaneous process.

ORIENTATION: South African higher education institutions (HEIs) face significant challenges in attracting and retaining younger-generation academics. This results in a critical shortage of a talented pool of scholars required for succession and the sustainability of HEIs over the longer term. RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the retention of millennial academics in South Africa. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: The retention of millennial academics is essential to the success of HEIs. Research on the factors affecting the retention of this cohort of academics is scarce despite their growing importance in sustainable HEI practice. RESEARCH APPROACH/DESIGN AND METHOD: The study adopted a cross-sectional qualitative research approach using semi-structured interviews to collect the data. The sample included 14 millennial academics representing various public HEIs in South Africa. Thematic analyses were applied to analyse the data. MAIN FINDINGS: The findings showed that five factors should be considered to retain millennial academics: career and growth opportunities, work environment, rewards, leadership and work-life balance. PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study concluded that an integrated talent retention strategy should be developed that, at a minimum include opportunities for career development, employee growth, healthy employee-employer relationships, employee support and market-related compensation to retain millennial academics. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This research contributes to the limited knowledge of the factors affecting the retention of millennial academics.

Resumo: A inércia social percebida tem sido negativamente associada ao desempenho de equipas. No entanto, muito pouca atenção tem sido dada aos mecanismos subjacentes a esta associação. O objetivo do presente estudo é investigar não apenas a relação direta entre a inércia social percebida e o desempenho da equipa, mas também a relação indireta entre essas duas variáveis através do papel mediador do ‘efeito do idiota’ / compensação social e da inércia social continuada daqueles que são socialmente inertes. A pesquisa por questionários foi realizada com 360 estudantes de uma universidade pública do Vietname em 2021. Os resultados do presente estudo confirmam resultados anteriores em que a inércia social percebida influência negativamente o desempenho das equipas. O resultado mais surpreendente teve a ver com o ‘efeito do idiota’ que não apresentou correlações com nenhuma outra variável em estudo, enquanto que a compensação social e a inércia social continuada são mediadores na relação entre a inércia social percebida e o desempenho das equipas. Especificamente, quando os estudantes universitários percebiam inércia social nos seus colegas de equipa esforçavam-se mais para compensar essa inércia social e, dessa forma, os inertes sociais continuavam a esforçar-se menos, contribuindo para que o desempenho total da equipa fosse baixo.

Abstract: Perceived social loafing has been found to be negatively related to team performance. However, far too little attention has been paid to the underlying mechanism of this association. The purpose of the present study is to investigate not only the direct relationship between perceived social loafing and team performance but also the indirect relationship between these two variables via mediating roles of the sucker effect/social compensation and social loafer’s continuous social loafing. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 360 students of a public university in Vietnam in 2021. The current study confirmed the previous finding that perceived social loafing could negatively influence team performance. The most striking result to emerge from the data was that the sucker effect had no correlation with any other variables while social compensation and social loafer’s continuous social loafing were two serial mediators in the relationship between perceived social loafing and team performance. Specifically, when students perceived that their teammates engaged in social loafing, they exerted more effort to compensate for the social loafers, this way of reaction made the social loafers continue putting forth less effort and, in consequence, the overall team performance was low.

Resumo A mobilidade de professores tem sido uma preocupação por parte de gestores educacionais devido aos prejuízos causados no ensino e aprendizagem, além dos custos sociais e econômicos. A qualidade de vida no trabalho pode causar impacto para a redução deste fenômeno psicossocial. Assim, o presente estudo objetivou identificar o poder preditivo das variáveis sociodemográficas, laborais e dimensões da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho na Intenção de Abandono Institucional e Profissional. Foi utilizado um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, Escala de Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho e Escala de Intenção de Abandono no Trabalho. Participaram 189 professores da Educação Básica. Realizou-se análise de Regressão Linear Múltipla (método Stepwise). Os resultados indicaram três variáveis preditoras da Intenção de Abandono Institucional e cinco variáveis preditoras do Intenção de Abandono Profissional, que são discutidas no artigo. Sugere-se melhoria nas condições de trabalho e remuneração, programas de acompanhamento de carreira e de monitoramento da intenção de abandono.

Abstract Teacher mobility has been a concern on the part of educational managers due to the losses caused to teaching and learning in addition to the social and economic costs. The quality of life at work can have an impact on reducing this psychosocial phenomenon. Thus, this study aimed to identify the predictive power of the sociodemographic, labor and quality of life at work variables in the intention of institutional abandonment and intention of professional abandonment. The instruments used were a socio-demographic and labor data questionnaire, a Quality of Work Life Assessment Scale and a Work Abandon Intention Scale The sample consisted of 189 basic education teachers. Multiple linear regression analysis (Stepwise method) was performed for each intention of dropout. The results indicated three predictor variables of Intention to Leave Institutional and five predictor variables of Intention to Leave Professional, which are discussed in the article. We suggest actions to improve working conditions, compensation, career counseling programs, and monitoring the intention to abandon.

Abstract The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of different feeding regimens on productive and economic performance, and on the proximal-chemical composition of Nile tilapia. Four feeding regimens were designed considering the number of days fed per week, 7×0 (fed seven days a week), 6×1 (fed six days a week), 5×2 (fed five days a week) and 1×1 (alternating feeding, fed one day and not the next one). The period of dietary restriction lasted 36 days and subsequently fish were re-feeding for 24 days seven days a week. Growth was recorded every 12 days, estimating different productive parameters. An economic analysis taking into account the production costs was performed. Finally, the moisture, ash, lipid, protein and carbohydrate content of the Nile tilapia muscle was analyzed. At the end of the re-feeding period, a total wet weight compensation was observed for groups 6×1 and 5×2, and total length for groups 6×1, 5×2 and 1×1. The economic análisis recorded the highest increasing yields in group 5×2; while the group minimizing total variable costs was 1×1. The reduction in costs per unit of production between groups 7×0 and 1×1 was 15%. Chemical-proximal analysis revealed statistical differences for moisture content (7×0) and carbohydrate content (1×1). The groups 6×1 and 5×2 showed a total growth compensation, without negatively affecting muscle quality and/or final economic performance. The compensatory growth observed in the Nile tilapia allows to design feeding strategies to make its culture more efficient.

Resumen El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de diferentes regímenes alimenticios en el desempeño productivo, económico y la composición química de la tilapia del Nilo. Se evaluaron cuatro regímenes alimenticios diseñados considerando el número de días alimentados por semana, 7×0 (alimentados los siete días), 6×1 (alimentados solo seis días), 5×2 (alimentados solo cinco días) y 1×1 (alimentación alternada, un día sí y un día no). El periodo de restricción alimenticia duró 36 días y posteriormente se realimentó siete días a la semana durante 24 días. Se registró el crecimiento cada 12 días, estimando diferentes parámetros productivos. Se realizó un análisis económico en función de los costos de producción. Por último, se analizó el contenido de humedad, cenizas, lípidos, proteínas y carbohidratos del músculo. Se observó una compensación total del peso húmedo para los grupos 6×1 y 5×2, y de longitud total para los grupos 6×1, 5×2 y 1×1. El análisis económico registró los mayores rendimientos crecientes en el grupo 5×2; mientras que el grupo 1×1 minimiza los costos variables totales. La reducción en costos por unidad de producción entre los grupos 7×0 y 1×1 fue de 15%. En el análisis químico se observaron diferencias significativas para el contenido de humedad (7×0) y de carbohidratos (1×1). Los tratamientos 6×1 y 5×2 permiten una compensación total del crecimiento, sin afectar negativamente la calidad del músculo y/o el rendimiento económico final. El crecimiento compensatorio observado en la tilapia del Nilo permite diseñar estrategias alimenticias para hacer más eficiente su cultivo.