Abstract This study uses a historical-comparative method to examine the impacts of the four international economic crises that occurred until 2019 on the United States, Germany, and Brazil, focusing primarily on their effects on the political regime and the post-2008 period. The selected countries had different authoritarian experiences, either in the distant past or more recently. The State is conceptualized along three dimensions: political regime, decision-making apparatus, and the structure of political domination supported by coalitions. The argument is that the respective international critical junctures tend to impact this three-dimensionality, making it easier to observe their variations and continuities. Three hypotheses are formulated and corroborated regarding these crises: they tend to increase or decrease the levels of democracy or autocracy in regimes or change them; autocratization depends on a pro-business power balance that subordinates workers; the democratic commitment of actors operates against autocratization. This study’s contribution to the literature lies in the approach to processes of autocratization and democratization, which are investigated here through the impacts of international economic crises on States. Critical junctures shed light on key components of the mutability of the Leviathan. It investigates the political regime through the political economy of the relationships between the State, markets, and social classes, not exclusively through political-institutional variables. Mechanisms of intersection between the political-institutional sphere and economic and social structures and actors are analyzed. These mechanisms impact the three-dimensionality of the State, leading to changes in the regime or within the regime. historicalcomparative historical comparative 201 States Germany Brazil post2008 post 2008 post-200 period experiences recently dimensions decisionmaking decision apparatus coalitions threedimensionality, threedimensionality dimensionality, dimensionality continuities them probusiness pro business workers studys s democratization Leviathan markets classes politicalinstitutional institutional variables analyzed 20 post200 200 post-20 2 post20 post-2 post2 post-

Résumé Par la méthode historique-comparative, cet article aborde les impacts, sur les États-Unis, l’Allemagne et le Brésil, des quatre crises économiques internationales survenues jusqu’en 2019, en se concentrant principalement sur leurs effets sur le régime politique et le post-2008. Les pays sélectionnés ont eu des expériences autoritaires distinctes, anciennes ou actuelles. Je conceptualise l’État de manière tridimensionnelle : régime politique, appareil décisionnel et structure de domination politique appuyée sur des coalitions. J’argumente que les conjonctures internationales critiques ont tendance à avoir un impact sur cette tridimensionalité, facilitant l’observation de ses variations et continuités. Je formule et corrobore trois hypothèses sur ces crises : elles ont tendance à augmenter ou diminuer les niveaux de démocratie ou d’autocratie des régimes ou à les changer ; la réponse autocratisante dépend d’une relation de forces pro-entreprises, subordonnant les travailleurs ; l’engagement démocratique des acteurs s’oppose à l’autocratisation. La contribution à la littérature réside dans la manière d’aborder les processus d’autocratisation et de démocratisation, ici étudiés à travers les impacts des crises économiques internationales sur les États. Les conjonctures critiques éclairent les composants clés de la mutabilité du Léviathan. On examine le régime politique par la politique économique des relations entre l’État, les marchés et les classes sociales, et non exclusivement par les variables politico-institutionnelles. On analyse les mécanismes d’intersection de la sphère et des acteurs politico-institutionnels avec les structures et acteurs économiques et sociaux, qui, impactant la tridimensionalité de l’État, entraînent des changements de régime ou dans le régime. historiquecomparative, historiquecomparative historique comparative, comparative historique-comparative ÉtatsUnis, ÉtatsUnis États Unis, Unis États-Unis lAllemagne l Allemagne Brésil jusquen jusqu 2019 post2008. post2008 post 2008. 2008 post-2008 distinctes actuelles lÉtat État coalitions Jargumente J argumente lobservation observation continuités dautocratie d autocratie dune une proentreprises, proentreprises pro entreprises, entreprises pro-entreprises lengagement engagement soppose s oppose lautocratisation. lautocratisation autocratisation. autocratisation l’autocratisation daborder aborder dautocratisation démocratisation Léviathan lÉtat, État, sociales politicoinstitutionnelles. politicoinstitutionnelles politico institutionnelles. institutionnelles politico-institutionnelles dintersection intersection politicoinstitutionnels institutionnels sociaux qui 201 post200 200 post-200 20 post20 post-20 2 post2 post-2 post-

Resumo Aborda-se, pelo método histórico-comparativo, impactos, nos Estados dos EUA, Alemanha e Brasil, das quatro crises econômicas internacionais ocorridas até 2019, focando-se, principalmente, em seus efeitos no regime político e no pós-2008. Os países selecionados tiveram distintas experiências autoritárias, remotas ou atuais. Conceituo o Estado tridimensionalmente: regime político, aparato decisor e estrutura de dominação política escorada em coalizões. Argumento que as respectivas conjunturas críticas internacionais tendem a impactar nesta sua tridimensionalidade, facilitando a observação de suas variações e continuidades. Formulo e corroboro três hipóteses sobre essas crises: elas tendem a aumentar ou diminuir os níveis de democracia ou autocracia dos regimes ou a mudá-los; a resposta autocratizante depende de uma relação de forças pró-empresarial, que subordine os trabalhadores; o compromisso democrático dos atores opera contra a autocratização. A contribuição com a literatura está no modo de abordagem dos processos de autocratização e democratização, aqui investigados pelos impactos das crises econômicas internacionais nos Estados. As conjunturas críticas iluminam componentes-chave da mutabilidade do Leviatã. Investiga-se o regime político pela economia política das relações entre Estado, mercados e classes sociais, e não exclusivamente pelas variáveis político-institucionais. Analisam-se mecanismos de intersecção da esfera e dos atores político-institucionais com as estruturas e atores econômicos e sociais, que, impactando na tridimensionalidade do Estado, ensejam mudanças de regime ou no regime. Abordase, Abordase Aborda se, se Aborda-se históricocomparativo, históricocomparativo histórico comparativo, comparativo histórico-comparativo EUA Brasil 2019 focandose, focandose focando focando-se principalmente pós2008. pós2008 pós 2008. 2008 pós-2008 autoritárias atuais tridimensionalmente coalizões continuidades mudálos mudá los mudá-los próempresarial, próempresarial pró empresarial, empresarial pró-empresarial trabalhadores democratização componenteschave componentes chave Leviatã Investigase Investiga sociais políticoinstitucionais. políticoinstitucionais institucionais. institucionais Analisamse Analisam 201 pós200 200 pós-200 20 pós20 pós-20 2 pós2 pós-2 pós-

Resumen Por medio del método histórico comparativo, se abordan los impactos en los Estados de Estados Unidos, Alemania y Brasil, de las cuatro crisis económicas internacionales que han ocurrido hasta 2019, enfocándose, principalmente, en sus efectos en el régimen político y en el periodo posterior a 2008. Los países seleccionados tuvieron distintas experiencias autoritarias, antiguas o actuales. Defino al Estado de una forma tridimensional: régimen político, aparato decisor y estructura de dominación política respaldada en coaliciones. Argumento que las respectivas coyunturas críticas internacionales tienden a impactar esta tridimensionalidad, facilitando la observación de sus variaciones y continuidades. Así, formulo y corroboro tres hipótesis sobre esas crisis: tienden a aumentar o disminuir los niveles de democracia o autocracia de los regímenes o a cambiarlos; la respuesta autocratizante depende de una relación de fuerzas proempresarial que subordina a los trabajadores; y el compromiso democrático de los actores opera contra la autocratización. La contribución a la literatura se relaciona con el modo de abordar los procesos de autocratización y democratización aquí investigados por los impactos de las crisis económicas internacionales en los Estados. Las coyunturas críticas vislumbran componentes clave de la mutabilidad del Leviatán. Se investiga el régimen político a partir de la economía política de las relaciones entre Estado, mercados y clases sociales, y no exclusivamente por las variables político-institucionales. Se analizan mecanismos de intersección de la esfera y de los actores político-institucionales con las estructuras y actores económicos y sociales, que, impactando en la tridimensionalidad del Estado, implican cambios de régimen o en el régimen. comparativo Unidos Brasil 2019 enfocándose principalmente 2008 autoritarias actuales tridimensional coaliciones continuidades Así cambiarlos trabajadores Leviatán sociales políticoinstitucionales. políticoinstitucionales institucionales. institucionales 201 200 20 2

Analysis of variance (ANOVA)-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) is a method of choice for factorial design studies of environmental impacts on plant metabolomes and can be used to quantitatively carry out this comparative analysis. The impacts of seven mixture design extractor systems made up of ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their 1:1 binary and 1:1:1 ternary solvents for several replicate experiments (n = 3, 4, 5) were assessed using ASCA models determined from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements on yerba mate leaf extracts. This analysis considered two-factor effects: secondary sexual dimorphism (male and female plants) and cultivation systems (monoculture and agroforestry), as well as their interaction effect. The three binary solvents were found to be more efficient extractor systems for all four detectors as they found 83 main and interaction effects significant at or above the 95% confidence level compared with only 47 for the pure solvent extracts. Binary solvent extracts resulted in averages between 44.04 and 86.61% for the ASCA total effect variances compared with 40.62 to 71.07% for pure extractors. Of the 60 significant effects found for experiments with 5 repetitions 53 or 88% were obtained with only triplicate determinations. The choice of spectroscopic technique and solvent system have large impacts on metabolomic analysis results. ANOVAsimultaneous ANOVA simultaneous (ASCA ethanol dichloromethane 11 1 1: 111 1:1: n 3 4 Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) nearinfrared near NIR, NIR (NIR) UVVis UV Vis twofactor two factor male plants monoculture agroforestry, agroforestry agroforestry) 8 95 4404 44 04 44.0 8661 86 61 86.61 4062 40 62 40.6 7107 71 07 71.07 extractors 6 88 determinations results (FTIR (NIR 9 440 0 44. 866 86.6 406 40. 710 7 71.0 86. 71.

Cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum Schum.) is an Amazonian fruit rich in antioxidants potential due to its phenolic compounds. Its seeds produce cupulate, a chocolate-like product, and the residue remains rich in biocompounds. This study aimed to optimize and compare microwave-assisted (MAE) and high pressure/temperature extraction (HPTE) of polyphenolic and flavonoid compounds from cupuaçu seed by-products. A Box-Behnken 33 factorial design assessed the influence of extraction time, solid/liquid ratio, and ethanol concentration. Responses included total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, and anti-radical power via the ABTS (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) method. In optimum conditions, MAE had the highest total polyphenol content and HPTE for flavonoids. Optimal conditions for both methods were 65% (m/v) ethanol concentration, 45 min extraction time, and 0.03 g mL−1 solid/liquid ratio. MAE and HPTE achieved greater recovery of (−)-epicatechin and (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate compared to percolation. Both techniques proved viable for recovering polyphenols from cupuaçu seed by-products, in less time and with less solvent. Thus, cupuaçu by-products can be a sustainable and functional food source, with MAE and HPTE providing high yields and quality extracts rich in polyphenols. Theobroma Schum. Schum cupulate chocolatelike chocolate like product biocompounds microwaveassisted microwave assisted (MAE pressuretemperature pressure temperature (HPTE byproducts. byproducts by products. products BoxBehnken Box Behnken 3 solidliquid solid liquid ratio concentration antiradical anti radical 2,2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic 22azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobisethylbenzothiazolinesulphonic 2,2 azino bis ethylbenzothiazoline 6 sulphonic 2 acid method flavonoids 65 m/v mv m v (m/v 4 003 0 03 0.0 mL1 mL 1 mL− −epicatechin epicatechin − −epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechin3gallate epigallocatechingallate epigallocatechin gallate percolation byproducts, products, solvent Thus source 2azinobis3ethylbenzothiazoline6sulphonic azinobis 22 2, 00 0.

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the perception of university professors regarding the determinants of adopting market technologies in the curriculums of undergraduate accounting courses in Latin America. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). A survey was conducted with professors from undergraduate accounting courses located in the countries that make up Latin America, resulting in a sample of 151 professors distributed among 16 countries. The data was analyzed through a mixed-method approach using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings show the symmetrical influence of habit, performance expectancy, and social influence on the adoption of market technologies regardless of age, academic experience or gender. Furthermore, various asymmetrical combinations of conditions bring about a high adoption of market technologies in accounting curricula, with performance expectancy being present in all possible combinations. America UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mixedmethod mixed method fuzzyset fuzzy set Analysis habit age gender Furthermore curricula (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção de professores universitários sobre os determinantes da adoção de tecnologias de mercado no currículo dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis da América Latina. Este estudo é baseado na Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso de Tecnologia 2 (UTAUT2). Foi realizada uma survey com professores de cursos de graduação em contabilidade localizados em países que fazem parte da América Latina, resultando em uma amostra de 151 professores distribuídos em 16 países. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de métodos mistos, utilizando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais - Mínimos Quadrados Parciais e Análise Comparativa Qualitativa fuzzy-set. Os resultados mostram a influência simétrica do hábito, expectativa de desempenho e influência social na adoção de tecnologias de mercado, independentemente da idade, experiência acadêmica ou gênero. Além disso, várias combinações assimétricas de condições acarretam em uma alta adoção de tecnologias de mercado nos currículos de contabilidade, com a expectativa de desempenho presente em todas as combinações possíveis. Latina UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mistos fuzzyset. fuzzyset fuzzy set. set fuzzy-set hábito idade gênero disso possíveis (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract The present article presents the results of the research entitled “Women, Violence, and Fear in the Public Space of Colombian Cities: A Comparative Analysis of Medellín, Bogotá, and Cali” funded by CODI and the Research Center of the Faculty of Law and Political Sciences at the University of Antioquia. In this study, the causal conditions that affect the presence of livable public spaces for women are examined, using the comparative configurational method and the fsQCA software, in order to establish a sufficient explanation for the existence of this habitability. The analytical framework used was the feminist geography of difference. The data collection techniques were survey and documentary tracking. It is concluded that the minimum implications for the presence of habitable public spaces for women are two: mobility and effective accessibility, and the availability of inclusive and safe cultural offerings. In addition, it is found that gender is a necessary condition, but not a sufficient one, for the space to be habitable.

Resumen El presente artículo expone los resultados de la investigación titulada “Mujeres, violencia y miedo en el espacio público de las ciudades colombianas: un análisis comparado de Medellín, Bogotá y Cali”, financiado por el CODI y el Centro de Investigaciones de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas de la Universidad de Antioquia. En esta se estudiaron las condiciones causales que inciden en la presencia de espacios públicos habitables para las mujeres, se utilizó el método configuracional comparado y el software fsQCA, con el fin de establecer la explicación suficiente para que esta habitabilidad se dé. El marco analítico utilizado fue la geografía feminista de la diferencia. Las técnicas de recolección de información empleadas fueron la encuesta y el rastreo documental. Se concluyó que las implicaciones mínimas para la presencia de espacios públicos habitables para las mujeres son dos: la movilidad y accesibilidad efectiva y la disponibilidad de propuestas culturales incluyentes y seguras. Adicionalmente, se estableció que el género es condición necesaria, más no suficiente, para que el espacio sea habitable.

Abstract The objective of this article is to analyze, based on international economics, the economic relationship between Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) with China in the first quarter of the 21st century, a period in which China consolidates itself as an economic power and emerges as an alter ego to the United States (USA) in the struggle for economic supremacy. Using the comparative method, the article describes the stages of the Sino-Latin American relationship, from the political and economic ties established by China with the Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC), an organization created in 2011 that later in 2015 created the China-CELAC Forum (Foro China-CELAC Forum or FCC), incorporating China as a partner. We have found that China is gaining ground over the USA in the Latin American region, which has only recently begun to implement some actions to counteract China’s presence in lac.

Resumen El artículo tiene el objetivo de analizar, con base en la economía internacional, la relación económica de América Latina y el Caribe (ALyC) con China en el primer cuarto del siglo XXI, periodo en que China se consolida como potencia económica y se erige en alter ego de Estados Unidos de América (EUA) en la lucha por la supremacía económica global. Con base en el método comparativo, se describen las etapas de la relación chino latinoamericanas, a partir de los vínculos políticos y económicos establecidos por China con la Comunidad de Estados Latinoamericanos y del Caribe (CELAC), organismo creado en 2011 que incorporó a China en 2015, dando lugar al Foro China-CELAC (FCC). Se encuentra que China va ganando la batalla a Estados Unidos en la región latinoamericana, que apenas recientemente está implementando algunas acciones para contrarrestar la presencia china en ALyC.

Abstract Dental stem cells (DSCs) are multipotent cells with high proliferation capacity and multilineage differentiation. Few studies have compared the cellular characteristics and adipogenic differentiation potential of DSCs derived from tissues of the same individual. The objective of this work was to evaluate the differences in growth characteristics, expression of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-specific markers, and the proteomic profile in response to adipogenic differentiation, of dental pulp and periodontal ligament cells obtained from a single donor. Dental cells were isolated from the third molar of a single donor using the outgrowth method. To obtain the proliferation curve of the cells was evaluated by trypan blue analysis. After the cells were cultured in adipogenic medium, morphological changes were monitored by oil red O staining, as well as adipogenic markers PPARγ and adiponectin by RT-qPCR. Finally, a two-dimensional electrophoresis of the proteins isolated from these cells was performed to analyze the proteomic profile. The two types of DSCs share similar cellular characteristics; however, their capacity for adipogenic differentiation is different. Based on the protein profiling results, we identified five differentially expressed proteins between both types of stem cells. Our findings showed that dental pulp and periodontal ligament stem cells from a single donor have similar cellular characteristics but a different response to adipogenesis, which would explain the differences in the expression of their proteins.

Resumen Las células troncales dentales (CTDs) son células multipotentes con gran capacidad de proliferación y diferenciación multilinaje. Pocos estudios han comparado las características celulares y el potencial de diferenciación adipogénica de las CTDs derivadas de tejidos de un mismo individuo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar las diferencias en las características de crecimiento, la expresión de marcadores específicos de celulas troncales mesenquimales (CTMs) y el perfil de proteínas en respuesta a la diferenciación adipogénica, de células de pulpa dental y ligamento periodontal obtenidas de un mismo donante. Las células dentales se aislaron a partir del tercer molar de un único donante mediante el método de explante. Para obtener la curva de proliferación de las células se evaluó mediante análisis con azul tripano. Tras cultivar las células en medio adipogénico, se controlaron los cambios morfológicos mediante tinción con rojo O oleoso, así como los marcadores adipogénicos PPARγ y adiponectina mediante RT-qPCR. Por último, se realizó una electroforesis bidimensional de las proteínas aisladas de estas células para analizar el perfil proteómico. Los dos tipos de CTDs comparten características celulares similares; sin embargo, su capacidad de diferenciación adipogénica es diferente. Basándonos en los resultados del perfil proteico, identificamos cinco proteínas expresadas diferencialmente entre ambos tipos de células troncales. Los resultados mostraron que las células troncales de la pulpa dental y del ligamento periodontal de un mismo donante tienen características celulares similares pero una respuesta diferente a la adipogénesis, lo que explicaría las diferencias en la expresión de sus proteinas.

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the genetic variants of PAX9, MSX1, and AXIN2 in Mayan probands with non-syndromic dental agenesis (NSDA) from Yucatan, Mexico. We sequenced DNA of specific exons of the PAX9, MSX1, and AXIN2 genes by using the Sanger method in seven Mayan probands with familial NSDA attending orthodontic clinics in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico. We bioinformatically analyzed four genomes of unaffected people with Mayan ancestry for comparative purposes. Two Mayan probands had oligodontia (14 or 16 missing teeth) and five had hypodontia (1-2 missing teeth). We found the following genetic variants: rs8670 in MSX1; rs12881240 and rs4904210 in PAX9; and rs1060502133, rs1060502139, rs147716924, rs1330822418, rs769741903, rs9915936, rs1133683, and rs1234437759 in AXIN2. The genetic variants in PAX9, MSX1, and AXIN2 in Mayan probands with familial NSDA were benign and have previously been reported. In conclusion, the AXIN2 gene exhibited the highest number of known variants. Because some variants were also present in the genomes of unaffected people, additional functional and epidemiological studies are required to address their clinical significance and associated phenotypes.

Resumen Este trabajo tuvo el objetivo de determinar las variantes genéticas de PAX9, MSX1 y AXIN2 en probandos mayas con agenesia dental no sindrómica (ADNS) de Yucatán, México. Se realizó secuenciación tipo Sanger del ADN de exones específicos de PAX9, MSX1 y AXIN2 en siete probandos Mayas con ADNS familiar atentidos en clínicas ortodónticas de Mérida, Yucatán, México. Se analizaron cuatro genomas de personas sanas con propósitos de comparación. Dos probandos Mayas fueron diagnosticados con oligodoncia (14 y 16 dientes perdidos) y cinco con hipodoncia (1-2 dientes perdidos). Se detectó la variante genética rs8670 en MSX1; PAX9 presentó rs12881249 y rs4904210; en AXIN2 se encontraron rs1060502133, rs1060502139, rs147716924, rs1330822418, rs769741903, rs9915936, rs1133683 y rs1234437759. Las variantes detectadas en PAX9, MSX1 y AXIN2 se clasificaron como benignas y ya habían sido previamente reportadas. En conclusión, el gen AXIN2 exhibió el mayor número de variantes. Ya que algunas de ellas también estuvieron presentes en genomas de personas sanas, se requieren estudios funcionales y epidemiológicos adicionales para determinar la significancia clínica de las variantes encontradas y los fenotipos asociados.

ABSTRACT Over-the-counter medications (OTC), also known as non-prescription drugs can be dispensed without a prescription. This study aimed to analyze the pharmacological profile, risk, and quality of evidence of OTC medications registered in Brazil. The databases of ANVISA and Micromedex synthesis were consulted. The indications for use were classified according to CIAP, the medications according to ATC, and the quality of evidence according to the GRADE method. A total of 188 OTC medications were identified, comprising 376 presentations. The groups related to the digestive tract and respiratory system had the highest number of drugs, each accounting for 19%. Overall, 61% of the drugs were classified as having high or moderate evidence, and 39% as low, very low, or lacking evidence. Despite the prevalence of higher-quality evidence, restrictions need to be highlighted, as approximately 55% of the drugs have a weak recommendation, 67% may not be used by children under the age of 6, 95% lack reliable safety information during pregnancy, and 87% lack clear information regarding use during lactation. Further research on the topic, supported self-care policies, and monitoring seem essential to better understand the risks and benefits associated with OTC medications, thus ensuring a safer and evidence-based clinical practice.

RESUMO Os Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIP) ou de venda livre podem ser fornecidos sem exigência de receita. Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil farmacológico, risco e qualidade da evidência dos MIP registrados no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados da Anvisa e a base de síntese Micromedex. As indicações de uso foram classificadas segundo Ciap, os medicamentos segundo ATC e a qualidade da evidência segundo método Grade. Foram identificados 188 MIP, com 376 apresentações. Os grupos de trato alimentar e respiratório tiveram os maiores números de fármacos, com 19% cada. No geral, 61% dos fármacos foram classificados como evidência alta ou moderada e 39% como baixa, muito baixa ou sem evidência. Apesar da prevalência de maior qualidade de evidência, as restrições precisam ser evidenciadas, pois cerca de 55% dos fármacos possuem força de recomendação fraca, 67% não podem ser utilizados por crianças menores de 6 anos, 95% não possuem informações confiáveis de segurança na gestação e 87% não possuem informações de uso na lactação. Mais pesquisas sobre o tema, políticas de autocuidado apoiado e monitoramento parecem essenciais para melhor compreender os riscos e benefícios associados aos MIP, garantindo uma prática clínica mais segura e baseada em evidências.

Resumen Introducción: La ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés son cada vez más frecuentes, especialmente desde la crisis sanitaria del COVID-19. El objetivo principal de este artículo es analizar el poder predictivo de la edad, el sexo, la inteligencia emocional y la resiliencia respecto a los síntomas ansiosos, depresivos y el estrés en una muestra de población española. Método: Un total de 427 participantes españoles, con edades entre 18 y 83 años, fueron evaluados mediante instrumentos de autoinforme (TMMS-24; BRCS; BASS-21). Se utilizan modelos de regresión jerárquica (RLJ) y metodologías no lineales (modelos de análisis comparativo cualitativo o QCA). Resultados: Los RLJ mostraron que la atención emocional, la claridad y la reparación predecían significativamente la ansiedad, la depresión y el estrés. El género también desempeñó un papel significativo, ya que las mujeres mostraron mayores niveles de ansiedad y estrés. La edad y la resiliencia no fueron predictores significativos en la HRM. Sin embargo, los modelos QCA revelaron otras interacciones: la depresión estaba relacionada con una menor edad, la atención emocional alta y la claridad y la reparación emocional bajas. La ansiedad elevada se predijo por ser mujer, joven, con baja regulación emocional y alta atención emocional. El estrés elevado se asoció con ser mujer, tener baja resiliencia y una atención emocional elevada. Por el contrario, los niveles bajos de depresión, ansiedad y estrés se asociaron de forma consistente con una alta resiliencia y claridad y regulación emocional. Conclusiones: Consideramos que estos resultados son de gran interés para profundizar en el conocimiento de la interacción entre las variables objeto de estudio. De este modo, será posible diseñar intervenciones más eficaces que se beneficien del máximo conocimiento sobre el papel de estas variables.

Abstract Introduction: Anxiety, depression and stress are becoming more and more frequent, especially since the COVID-19 health crisis. The main objective of this study was to analyse the predictive power of age, gender, emotional intelligence, and resilience with respect to anxiety, depression, and stress-related symptoms in a Spanish population sample. Method: A total of 427 Spanish participants, between 18 and 83 years of age, were assessed through self-report instruments (TMMS-24; BRCS; BASS-21). Hierarchical regression models (HRM) and non-linear methodologies (qualitative comparative analysis or QCA models) are used. Results: The HRM showed that emotional attention, clarity, and repair significantly predicted anxiety, depression, and stress. Gender also played a significant role, with women showing higher levels of anxiety and stress. Age and resilience were not significant predictors in the HRM. However, the QCA models revealed more nuanced interactions: high depression was linked to young age, high emotional attention, and low emotional clarity and repair. High anxiety was predicted by being female, young, with low emotional regulation, and high emotional attention. High stress was associated with being female, low resilience, and high emotional attention. Conversely, low levels of depression, anxiety, and stress were consistently associated with high resilience and emotional clarity and regulation. Conclusions: We consider these results to be of great interest for gaining a deeper understanding of the interaction between the variables under study. In this way, it will be possible to design more effective interventions that benefit from the maximum knowledge regarding the role of these variables.

Abstract Introduction: Levee forests exhibit a vertical stratification that may contribute to structural complexity allowing a great diversity of birds to thrive on the islands. In deltaic ecosystems there is scarce or no data to prove it. Objectives: To assess variations in the composition of the bird community within levee forests. Methods: Two areas of protected wetlands belonging to the Paraná River Delta in Argentina were sampled for three years. A comparative analysis of richness, abundance, and diversity was performed in different levee forests using the point count method. Results: Three distinct types of levee forests -open, intermediate, and closed- were identified based on the structure of their vegetation, hosting a total of 85 bird species. Variation in avian community structure among forest types revealed greater diversity in open forests during winter (3.26 ± 0.13, P < 0.01) and spring (3.58 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), and greater richness in autumn (35.33 ± 3.01, P < 0.01). The closed forests exhibited increased diversity during autumn (3.16 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) and summer (3.24 ± 0.06, P < 0.05), along with elevated abundance in autumn (114 ± 13.70, P < 0.05) and richness in spring (39.17 ± 4.71, P = 0.01). Due to the evolutionary history between sites, significant variation was observed in the most recently created national park, influencing abundance in winter (141 ± 22.06, P < 0.01) and spring (176 ± 12.83, P < 0.01), as well as diversity in winter (3.25 ± 0.10, P < 0.01) and spring (3.50 ± 0.10, P < 0.01). Conclusions: The microhabitat in the different levee forests allows the birds to organize differently. Focusing on microspatial dynamics is key to a deep understanding of the biological processes within subtropical islands and to plan conservation strategies and demonstrate the transition of a recovering riparian forest towards its natural state, where the pulse of the river and the effect of seasonality do not stop operating.

Resumen Introducción: Los bosques de albardón exhiben una estratificación vertical que puede contribuir en la complejidad estructural, permitiendo que una gran diversidad de aves prospere en las islas. En ecosistemas deltaicos hay escasos datos que lo demuestren. Objetivos: Evaluar las variaciones en la composición de la comunidad de aves dentro de los bosques de albardón. Método: Se muestrearon durante tres años, dos áreas protegidas de humedales pertenecientes al Delta del Río Paraná, Argentina. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de riqueza, abundancia y diversidad de aves en tres diferentes bosques de albardón, utilizando el método de conteo por puntos. Resultados: Tres distintos tipos de bosque de albardón -abiertos, intermedios y cerrados- fueron identificados con base en la estructura de su vegetación, hospedando un total de 85 especies de aves. La variación en la estructura de la comunidad de aves entre tipos de bosque revela mayor diversidad en bosques abiertos durante el invierno (3.26 ± 0.13, P < 0.01) y la primavera (3.58 ± 0.05, P < 0.01), y mayor riqueza en otoño (35.33 ± 3.01, P < 0.01). Los bosques cerrados exhibieron mayor diversidad en el otoño (3.16 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) y en verano (3.24 ± 0.06, P < 0.05), junto con elevada abundancia en otoño (114 ± 13.70, P < 0.05) y elevada riqueza en primavera (39.17 ± 4.71, P=0.01). Debido a la historia evolutiva entre sitios, se observó variación significativa en el parque nacional de más reciente creación, influyendo en la abundancia del invierno (141 ± 22.06, P < 0.01) y de la primavera (176 ± 12.83, P < 0.01), así como en la diversidad en el invierno (3.25 ± 0.10, P < 0.01) y en la primavera (3.50 ± 0.10, P < 0.01). Conclusiones: El microhábitat en los diferentes bosques de albardón permite a las aves organizarse diferencialmente. Enfocarse en la dinámica microespacial es clave para una comprensión profunda de los procesos biológicos dentro de las islas subtropicales, planificar estrategias de conservación y evidenciar la transición de un bosque ripario en recuperación hacia su estado natural, donde el pulso del río y el efecto de la estacionalidad no dejan de operar.

Abstract This article aims to analyze the relationships between the configuration and expansion of the secondary level, and the initial teacher training for that level in Tierra del Fuego A.e.I.A.S, (1991-2006). This is a comparative study of two investigations: one linked to the configuration of the secondary level in Tierra del Fuego, currently in progress (Paez et al., 2023), and the other to the configuration of the teacher training system since provincialization 1991- 2020 (Abendaño, 2022). Both are part of the line of research “Critical Factors in Education-Educational Policy”, of the Institute of Education and Knowledge of the National University of Tierra del Fuego. Methodologically, the method of constant comparison of the field and the results of both investigations were used. Among the main findings, differential expansive processes were identified at each level, crossed by common events, but poorly articulated from the policies.

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as relações entre a configuração e expansão do nível secundário e a formação inicial de professores para esse nível na Terra do Fogo A.e.I.A.S, (1991-2006). Este é um estudo comparativo de duas investigações: uma ligada à configuração do nível secundário na Terra do Fogo, atualmente em andamento (Paez et al., 2023), e outra à configuração do sistema de formação de professores desde a provincialização 1991- 2020 (Abendaño, 2022). Ambos fazem parte da linha de pesquisa “Fatores Críticos da Política Educacional-Educativa”, do Instituto de Educação e Conhecimento da Universidade Nacional da Terra do Fogo. Metodologicamente, utilizou-se o método de comparação constante do campo e dos resultados de ambas as investigações. Entre os principais achados, foram identificados processos expansivos diferenciais em cada nível, atravessados por acontecimentos comuns, mas pouco articulados a partir das políticas.

Resumen Este artículo tiene por objeto el análisis de las relaciones entre la configuración y la expansión del nivel secundario, y de la formación docente inicial para ese nivel en Tierra del Fuego A.e.I.A.S, (1991-2006). Se trata del estudio comparativo de dos investigaciones: una vinculada a la configuración del nivel secundario en Tierra del Fuego, actualmente en curso (Paez et al., 2023), y la otra a la configuración del sistema de formación docente desde la provincialización 1991-2020 (Abendaño, 2022). Ambas se inscriben en la línea de investigación “Factores Críticos en Educación-Política Educativa”, del Instituto de la Educación y el Conocimiento de la Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego. Metodológicamente, se recurrió al método de comparación constante del campo y de los resultados de ambas investigaciones. Entre los principales hallazgos, se identificaron procesos expansivos diferenciales en cada nivel, atravesados por acontecimientos comunes, pero escasamente articulados desde las políticas.

Abstract Temporality in training processes is a topic rarely addressed in the bibliography. In this work, it asumes special interest in order to adresss the transformations that take place in trainers of trainers who undergo a training process. The work is part of a UBA research project in which 9 teacher trainers, participants in a clinical-type training device, are taken as key informants. From a qualitative and hermeneutic methodological strategy, the Constant Comparative Method (Strauss & Corbin, 2002) was applied in two moments: 1: final group meeting of the training workshop; 2: individual interviews with each participant one month later. The analysis creates a system of categories to record expectations, value judgments and transformations that they identify. In light of psychoanalytic concepts, hypotheses are developed that allow the concept of temporality to be prioritized in trainig processes.

Resumo A temporalidade nos processos formativos é um tema pouco abordado na bibliografia. Neste trabalho é tido especial interesse pra compreender as transformações que ocorrem nos formadores de formadores que passam por um processo de formação. O trabalho faz parte de um projeto de pesquisa da UBA em que 9 formadores de professores, participantes de um dispositivo de formação de tipo clínico, são tomados como informantes-chave. Partindo de uma estratégia metodológica qualitativa e hermenêutica, o Método Comparativo Constante (Strauss & Corbin, 2002) foi aplicado em dois momentos: 1: reunião final do grupo da oficina de formação; 2: entrevistas individuais com cada participante um mês depois. A análise cria um sistema de categorias para registrar expectativas, julgamentos de valor e transformações que identificam. À luz dos conceitos psicanalíticos, desenvolvem-se hipóteses que permitem priorizar o conceito de temporalidade na formação.

Resumen La temporalidad en los procesos de formación constituye un tema poco abordado en la bibliografía. En este trabajo, toma especial interés para comprender las transformaciones que tienen lugar en formadoras de formadores que atraviesan un proceso formativo. El trabajo se enmarca en un proyecto de investigación de la UBA en el que se toma a nueve formadoras de docentes, participantes de un dispositivo de formación de tipo clínico, como informantes clave. Partiendo de una estrategia metodológica cualitativa y hermenéutica, se aplicó el método comparativo constante (Strauss y Corbin, 2002) en dos momentos: 1: encuentro final grupal del taller de formación; 2: entrevistas individuales a cada participante un mes después. El análisis crea un sistema de categorías para consignar expectativas, juicios de valor y transformaciones que ellas identifican. A la luz de conceptos psicoanalíticos, se elaboran hipótesis que permiten jerarquizar el concepto de temporalidad en la formación.

Abstract Surface Urban Heat Islands (SUHI) are formed through processes that include decreasing vegetation and increasing materials that are more conductive to heat. To investigate this phenomenon, the objective of this work is to comparatively verify the surface temperature and geospatial indicators to analyze environmental variation in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The study method is remote sensing, with data from the Landsat 8 satellite over a ten-year timeframe. The variables include land cover, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), the Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), and land surface temperature (LST), thereby obtaining the Urban Thermal Field Variation Index (UTFVI) and estimating SUHI formation. The results allowed for the presentation of a progression of variables, highlighting the recurrent formation of SUHI in the central and eastern regions of the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Conversely, the southern and extreme northern districts exhibited the best NDVI indices and low LST values. (SUHI heat phenomenon Paulo Brazil sensing tenyear ten year timeframe cover NDVI, , (NDVI) Builtup Built up NDBI, NDBI (NDBI) LST, (LST) UTFVI (UTFVI Conversely values (NDVI (NDBI (LST

Resumo A partir dos processos de diminuição da vegetação e aumento de materiais mais condutivos ao calor há a formação de ilhas de calor de superfície (SUHI, do inglês Surface Urban Heat Island). Com o intuito de investigar o fenômeno, o objetivo deste trabalho é verificar comparativamente a temperatura de superfície (LST, do inglês Land Surface Temperature) e indicadores geoespaciais para análise da variação ambiental na cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. O método do estudo é sensoriamento remoto, com dados provenientes do satélite Landsat 8 em um recorte temporal de dez anos. As variáveis são a cobertura do solo, o Índice de Vegetação por Diferença Normalizada (NVDI, do inglês Normalized Difference Vegetation Index), o Índice de Diferença Normalizada de Áreas Construídas (NDBI, do inglês Normalized Difference Built-up Index) e o LST, obtendo em decorrência o Índice de Variação do Campo Térmico Urbano (UTFVI, do inglês Urban Thermal Field Variation Index) e estimando a formação de SUHI. A partir dos resultados apresentou-se uma progressão das variáveis, destacando a formação recorrente de SUHI na região central e zona leste de São Paulo, Brasil. Em contrapartida, os distritos ao sul e extremo norte apresentaram os melhores índices de NDVI e baixos valores de LST. SUHI, (SUHI Island. Island . Island) fenômeno LST (LST Temperature Paulo Brasil remoto anos solo NVDI, NVDI (NVDI Index, Index , NDBI, NDBI (NDBI Builtup Built up UTFVI, UTFVI (UTFVI apresentouse apresentou se contrapartida

RESUMO Os Medicamentos Isentos de Prescrição (MIP) ou de venda livre podem ser fornecidos sem exigência de receita. Este estudo objetivou analisar o perfil farmacológico, risco e qualidade da evidência dos MIP registrados no Brasil. Foram consultadas as bases de dados da Anvisa e a base de síntese Micromedex. As indicações de uso foram classificadas segundo Ciap, os medicamentos segundo ATC e a qualidade da evidência segundo método Grade. Foram identificados 188 MIP, com 376 apresentações. Os grupos de trato alimentar e respiratório tiveram os maiores números de fármacos, com 19% cada. No geral, 61% dos fármacos foram classificados como evidência alta ou moderada e 39% como baixa, muito baixa ou sem evidência. Apesar da prevalência de maior qualidade de evidência, as restrições precisam ser evidenciadas, pois cerca de 55% dos fármacos possuem força de recomendação fraca, 67% não podem ser utilizados por crianças menores de 6 anos, 95% não possuem informações confiáveis de segurança na gestação e 87% não possuem informações de uso na lactação. Mais pesquisas sobre o tema, políticas de autocuidado apoiado e monitoramento parecem essenciais para melhor compreender os riscos e benefícios associados aos MIP, garantindo uma prática clínica mais segura e baseada em evidências. (MIP receita farmacológico Brasil Micromedex Ciap Grade 18 37 apresentações 19 cada geral 61 39 evidenciadas 55 fraca 67 anos 95 87 lactação tema evidências 1 3 5 9 8

ABSTRACT Over-the-counter medications (OTC), also known as non-prescription drugs can be dispensed without a prescription. This study aimed to analyze the pharmacological profile, risk, and quality of evidence of OTC medications registered in Brazil. The databases of ANVISA and Micromedex synthesis were consulted. The indications for use were classified according to CIAP, the medications according to ATC, and the quality of evidence according to the GRADE method. A total of 188 OTC medications were identified, comprising 376 presentations. The groups related to the digestive tract and respiratory system had the highest number of drugs, each accounting for 19%. Overall, 61% of the drugs were classified as having high or moderate evidence, and 39% as low, very low, or lacking evidence. Despite the prevalence of higher-quality evidence, restrictions need to be highlighted, as approximately 55% of the drugs have a weak recommendation, 67% may not be used by children under the age of 6, 95% lack reliable safety information during pregnancy, and 87% lack clear information regarding use during lactation. Further research on the topic, supported self-care policies, and monitoring seem essential to better understand the risks and benefits associated with OTC medications, thus ensuring a safer and evidence-based clinical practice. Overthecounter Over counter OTC, , (OTC) nonprescription non prescription profile risk Brazil consulted CIAP ATC method 18 identified 37 presentations 19 19% Overall 61 39 low higherquality higher highlighted 55 recommendation 67 6 95 pregnancy 87 lactation topic selfcare self care policies evidencebased based practice (OTC 1 3 5 9 8