Analysis of variance (ANOVA)-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) is a method of choice for factorial design studies of environmental impacts on plant metabolomes and can be used to quantitatively carry out this comparative analysis. The impacts of seven mixture design extractor systems made up of ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their 1:1 binary and 1:1:1 ternary solvents for several replicate experiments (n = 3, 4, 5) were assessed using ASCA models determined from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements on yerba mate leaf extracts. This analysis considered two-factor effects: secondary sexual dimorphism (male and female plants) and cultivation systems (monoculture and agroforestry), as well as their interaction effect. The three binary solvents were found to be more efficient extractor systems for all four detectors as they found 83 main and interaction effects significant at or above the 95% confidence level compared with only 47 for the pure solvent extracts. Binary solvent extracts resulted in averages between 44.04 and 86.61% for the ASCA total effect variances compared with 40.62 to 71.07% for pure extractors. Of the 60 significant effects found for experiments with 5 repetitions 53 or 88% were obtained with only triplicate determinations. The choice of spectroscopic technique and solvent system have large impacts on metabolomic analysis results. ANOVAsimultaneous ANOVA simultaneous (ASCA ethanol dichloromethane 11 1 1: 111 1:1: n 3 4 Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) nearinfrared near NIR, NIR (NIR) UVVis UV Vis twofactor two factor male plants monoculture agroforestry, agroforestry agroforestry) 8 95 4404 44 04 44.0 8661 86 61 86.61 4062 40 62 40.6 7107 71 07 71.07 extractors 6 88 determinations results (FTIR (NIR 9 440 0 44. 866 86.6 406 40. 710 7 71.0 86. 71.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is one of the most common eye conditions worldwide. However, a comparison of the effectiveness of different laser-assisted interventions is lacking. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LASIK and IntraLASIK in addressing myopia. Methods: The study was conducted in two ophthalmology clinics in Beijing, China, in 2022. A total of 84 patients (152 eyes) with different degrees of myopia were examined and underwent LASIK (n=46, 80 eyes) or IntraLASIK (n=38, 72 eyes). Keratometry, corneal topography, pachymetry, visual acuity evaluation, and corneal biomechanical analysis were performed before and after the intervention. Results: IntraLASIK produced more precise flaps than LASIK, with deviations of <8 mm and 0.1 mm from the intended thickness and diameter, respectively. LASIK resulted in nonuniform flaps, with thickness deviations of 5-86 mm. IntraLASIK demonstrated a superior efficacy for patients with severe myopia and thin corneas, with a mean spherical equivalent of 0.9 D at 6 months compared to the 1.4 D for LASIK. Approximately 91% and 83% of the patients with mild to moderate and severe myopia, respectively, achieved results within ± 0.49 D from the refractive target with IntraLASIK. Conclusions: Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor decreased with an increase in laser intensity, and they decreased faster with thinner corneas. Thus, IntraLASIK is more useful than LASIK in patients with thin corneas and severe myopia. Purpose Myopia nearsightedness worldwide However laserassisted assisted lacking Thus Methods Beijing China 2022 8 152 (15 eyes n=46, n46 n 46 (n=46 n=38, n38 38 (n=38 7 eyes. . Keratometry topography pachymetry evaluation intervention Results < 01 0 1 0. diameter respectively 586 5 86 5-8 09 9 14 4 1. 91 83 049 49 0.4 Conclusions intensity 202 15 (1 n=46 n4 (n=4 n=38 n3 3 (n=3 58 5- 04 20 ( n=4 (n= n=3 2 n= (n

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la centralidad de las políticas públicas de seguridad y justicia en América Latina y el Caribe a partir de diversas técnicas de investigación teórico (análisis documental y bibliográfico) y trabajo de campo (visitas “in loco” y observaciones participantes), realizadas entre 2015 y 2021. Se parte del supuesto de que la violencia y las inseguridades son abordadas como un obstáculo flagrante para el desarrollo humano y la consolidación del estado de derecho en la región. Se identifica, basado en la literatura especializada y estudio comparado de estas políticas públicas, la relevancia del papel que juega el liderazgo político del estado y el compromiso cívico de varios actores sociales en torno a una gobernanza territorial integrada e integral de políticas de seguridad pública Ciudadana dedicados a salvar y preservar vidas. Resumen análisis bibliográfico visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 región identifica vidas 20 202 2

Abstract: This article analyzes the centrality of public security and justice policies in Latin America and the Caribbean based on various theoretical research techniques (documental and bibliographical analysis) and fieldwork (“in loco” visits and participant observations), undertaken between 2015 and 2021. It starts from the assumption that violence and insecurities are approached as a flagrant obstacle to human development and the consolidation of the rule of law in the region. It is identified, in the comparison of the specialized literature and in the comparative study of these public policies, the relevance of the role played by the political leadership of the State and the civic engagement of several social actors around an integrated and integral territorial governance of citizen public security policies. Despite a punitive political culture and a history of authoritarian governments in the region, there are, after all, key principles and concepts for a new type of governance of citizen security (and justice) in Brazil and in the region aimed at saving and preserve lives. Abstract documental analysis loco observations, observations , observations) 201 2021 identified all lives 20 202 2

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a centralidade das políticas públicas de segurança e justiça na América Latina e no Caribe com base em diversas técnicas de pesquisa teórica (análise documental e bibliográfica) e de campo (visitas “in loco” e observações participantes), empreendidas entre 2015 e 2021. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as violências e inseguranças são abordadas como um flagrante obstáculo ao desenvolvimento humano e à consolidação do estado de direito na região. Identifica-se, no cotejo da literatura especializada e no estudo comparado dessas políticas públicas, a relevância do papel desempenhado pela liderança política do estado e pelo engajamento cívico de diversos atores sociais em torno de uma governança territorial integrada e integral das políticas de segurança pública cidadã. Inobstante a uma cultura política punitiva e a um histórico de governos autoritários na região, vislumbram-se, afinal, princípios e conceitos-chave para uma governança de novo tipo da segurança cidadã (e justiça) no Brasil e na região voltada a salvar e a preservar vidas. Resumo análise bibliográfica visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 Partese Parte se Identificase, Identificase Identifica se, Identifica-se vislumbramse, vislumbramse vislumbram vislumbram-se afinal conceitoschave conceitos chave vidas 20 202 2

Resumen: El objetivo principal de este trabajo fue contrastar dos perspectivas feministas en Relaciones Internacionales. La primera es una perspectiva interna de autoras británicas y estadounidenses, que buscan situar a las mujeres dentro del Sistema Internacional. La segunda es una perspectiva "forastera" de autoras latinoamericanas y decoloniales, que se centra en la condición de las mujeres a partir de las estructuras sociales que (re)producen la dominación masculina en la política internacional. En términos metodológicos, se trata de un análisis comparativo limitado a cuatro autoras representativas de la división geopolítica del conocimiento entre el norte y el sur globales. El trabajo destaca la complejidad que las diferentes epistemologías feministas aportan a los análisis de las RI y argumenta que la perspectiva decolonial con perspectiva feminista tiene el potencial de apoyar la superación de los límites de las aproximaciones feministas inside. Resumen Internacionales estadounidenses Internacional forastera "forastera decoloniales reproducen re producen internacional metodológicos globales inside

Resumo: O objetivo principal desse trabalho foi contrastar duas perspectivas feministas em Relações Internacionais. A primeira é uma abordagem interna de autoras britânicas e estadunidenses, que buscam situar as mulheres dentro do Sistema Internacional. A segunda é uma perspectiva "forasteira" de autoras latino-americanas e decoloniais, que se concentram na condição das mulheres a partir das estruturas sociais que (re)produzem a dominação masculina na política internacional. Em termos metodológicos, trata-se de uma análise comparativa limitada a quatro autoras representativas da divisão geopolítica do conhecimento entre o norte e o sul globais. O trabalho destaca a complexidade que as diferentes epistemologias feministas trazem para as análises das RI e argumenta que a abordagem decolonial com perspectiva feminista tem potencial para apoiar a superação dos limites das abordagens feministas inside. Resumo Internacionais estadunidenses Internacional forasteira "forasteira latinoamericanas latino americanas decoloniais reproduzem re produzem internacional metodológicos tratase trata globais inside

Abstract: The main objective of this paper was to contrast two feminist perspectives in International Relations. The first is an inside approach from British and American authors, who seek to situate women within the International System. The second is an "outsider" perspective from Latin American and decolonial authors, which focuses on the condition of women from the social structures that (re)produce male domination in international politics. In methodological terms, it is a comparative analysis limited to four authors representative of the geopolitical division of knowledge between the global north and south. The paper highlights the complexity that different feminist epistemologies bring to IR analyses and argues that the decolonial approach with a feminist perspective has the potential to support the overcoming of the limits of inside feminist approaches. Abstract Relations System outsider "outsider reproduce re produce politics terms south approaches

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en valorar críticamente el modo en que se emplean los términos clave que describen el contenido conceptual y la práctica legislativa de la participación de los trabajadores en la dirección en las organizaciones estatales cubanas, y que aparecen en las principales disposiciones normativas que conforman el derecho de trabajo, el sistema legal empresarial y los documentos programáticos que contienen las estrategias socioeconómicas en Cuba, en su proyección hasta el 2030. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal a partir de procedimientos bibliométricos y el análisis comparativo de los principales documentos regulatorios y normativos enunciados anteriormente. Se evidenció que existe un amplio, multifacético, contextualizado y diferenciado tratamiento de los principales aspectos teóricos, que conforman el «deber ser» de la participación de los trabajadores en la dirección de las organizaciones estatales cubanas. El estudio bibliométrico y análisis comparativo de los textos utilizados permitió constatar que, a pesar de las diferencias económicas, sociopolíticas e ideológicas que existen, se observa cierta coincidencia en el tratamiento del término clave «participación de los trabajadores» que propone el sistema legal y normativo cubano y aquel que plantea la bibliografía especializada a nivel mundial sobre el tema.

ABSTRACT This paper’s purpose is to assess critically the use of key terms operated to describe the conceptual content and normative practice in Cuba’s state organization management of worker’s participation, which appear in main regulatory documents that form labor law regulations. Also in Enterprise’ legal system and programmatic documents that contain the socioeconomic strategies in Cuba in their projection until 2030. It was performed a cross-sectional, descriptive observational study based on bibliometric and comparative analysis of the main regulatory and normative documents stated above. It was evident that there is a broad, multifaceted, contextualized and differentiated treatment of the main theoretical aspects that make up the «duty» of workers' participation in Cuban state organizations management. The comparative analysis allowed stating the fact that besides of the economic, sociopolitical and ideological differences, there is a certain match on the «worker’s participation» keyword treatment provided by the legal and normative Cuban system and the specialized world-level bibliography that studies the subject.

Resumo: Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica

Abstract: Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts

Resumen: Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, distintas investigaciones en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo se aborda el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente: su objetivo es identificar prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes asociadas a las diferencias de desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. No se busca comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Se realizó para ello un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también evidenció que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados aportan al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos desfavorecidos, al indicar algunas condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica

Abstract: Intragenetic Typology focuses its interest on the analysis of properties that are observed in genetically related languages to explain processes of diachronic linguistic change that manifest themselves without trying to develop proposals for historical reconstruction. The analysis of the comparative constructions in Uto-Aztecan languages that are still spoken in the northwestern region of Mexico, Pima Bajo, Tarahumara, Guarijío, Northern Tepehuan, and Yaqui, allows us to show the variety of types of comparative clauses that occur in these languages and to claim in favor of the different grammaticalization paths that give rise to the marker of the standard of comparison, that is, the key operator that contrasts the topic of comparison with the standard of comparison.

Resumen: La Tipología intragenética centra su interés en el análisis de propiedades que se observan en lenguas genéticamente emparentadas para explicar procesos de cambio lingüístico diacrónico que se manifiestan en ellas sin pretender desarrollar propuestas de reconstrucción histórica. El análisis de las construcciones comparativas en lenguas yuto-aztecas que aún se hablan en la región noroeste de México, pima bajo, tarahumara, guarijío, tepehuano del norte y yaqui, permite mostrar la variedad de tipos de cláusulas comparativas que ocurren en estas lenguas y a partir de ellas proponer las distintas etapas de gramaticalización que dan lugar al surgimiento del marcador del estándar de comparación, dígase el operador clave que contrasta al tópico de la comparación con el estándar de la comparación.

Resumen En este artículo se cuestiona la evolución del grado de integración regional en lo referente al tema migratorio con el fin de reflexionar en torno al nivel de consolidación de la gobernanza regional migratoria (GRM) en Argentina y Uruguay -Estados partes del Acuerdo sobre Residencia del Mercosur (ARM)-, y en Colombia y Perú -países asociados del mismo Acuerdo-, en un contexto de alto flujo migratorio de ciudadanos venezolanos por esta subregión suramericana. La metodología utilizada combina las perspectivas cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se demuestra que en Argentina y Uruguay se aplicó el ARM en convergencia hacia una GRM con instituciones regionales fuertes y una regulación migratoria alineada con el ARM; sin embargo, en Colombia y Perú no se aplicó el acuerdo, pero se asumieron instrumentos jurídicos ad hoc con una convergencia débil hacia una GRM y se subraya la urgencia de aplicar una gobernanza de la migración regional.

Abstract This document questions how the degree of integration in the region is evolving concerning the migration issue, which allows us to reflect on how consolidated the migration regional governance (GRM) is in countries such as Argentina and Uruguay, which are Member States of the Mercosur Residence Agreement (ARM) and Colombia and Peru which are associate countries to this same agreement, in a context of the high level of Venezuelan emigration through this South American subregion. A mixed methodology, qualitatively and quantitatively, was used. It was evidenced that Argentina and Uruguay applied the Mercosur Residence Agreement, with convergence towards a GRM; however, neither Colombia nor Peru applied the ARM until today, but instead, they have adopted ad hoc legal instruments, with which the convergence towards a GRM is weak, and the urgency of the application of regional migration governance is underlined.

Resumo: Introdução : A anemia é um distúrbio altamente prevalente. A anemia pré-operatória está associada a maior mortalidade, mais complicações, tempo prolongado de internação e maiores custos de saúde. A transfusão de glóbulos vermelhos (TGV) não melhora esses resultados. A Organização Mundial da Saúde recomenda a implementação de medidas de Gerenciamento de Sangue do Paciente (GSP), pois permitem melhorar esses resultados clínicos, reduzir TGV desnecessárias e economizar custos. Apesar da evidência contundente, a implementação dessas medidas ainda está aquém de ser efetivada. O objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma análise da situação para conscientizar sobre o problema e incentivar a implementação dessas medidas. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo observacional, longitudinal, retrospectivo de coorte histórica, unicêntrico. Foram incluídos todos os pacientes submetidos a cirurgias de coordenação de 01/01/2022 a 01/04/2022 no Hospital de Clínicas. Critérios de exclusão: ausência de hemograma nos três meses anteriores à cirurgia e recusa em participar do estudo. Resultados: Foram analisadas um total de 329 cirurgias. 52 a cada 100 procedimentos foram realizados em pacientes com anemia. Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre a anemia pré-operatória e a recepção de TGR durante a internação. OR 11,746 (4,518 - 30,540). A anemia e as TGR prolongaram significativamente a internação hospitalar. Dias de internação em função da condição do paciente: Sem anemia: 10,1 ± 1,1 dias, com anemia: 27,2 ± 2,3 dias. Valor p < 0,001. Não transfundidos: 14,5 ± 1,3 dias, transfundidos: 41,8 ± 4,4 dias. Valor p < 0,001. Apenas 49 (28,6%) dos 171 pacientes com anemia tinham metabolismo do ferro antes da cirurgia. Dos 140 pacientes com Hb < 12 mg/dL submetidos a cirurgias com sangramento não insignificante, 4 receberam tratamento específico para otimizar a Hb. Foram administradas um total de 185 unidades de glóbulos vermelhos (UGV) durante a internação. 49 em pacientes instáveis (intraoperatório ou hemorragia aguda) e 136 em pacientes estáveis. Da análise desses últimos, 42,5% dos pacientes receberam 3 ou mais UGV. A hemoglobina pré-transfusional média foi de 7,0 ± 0,1. Foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa entre receber UGV e falecer durante a internação. OR 17,182 (3,360 - 87,872). Conclusões: Foi realizado uma análise da situação na qual foi observada uma elevada prevalência de anemia pré-operatória, um estudo e tratamento escasso da anemia antes das cirurgias e uma quantidade excessiva de UGV recebidas por alguns pacientes. Este trabalho estabelece a necessidade de implementar programas de Gerenciamento de Sangue do Paciente para reduzir a prevalência de anemia pré-operatória e melhorar nossas práticas transfusionais. Além disso, estabelece um quadro comparativo para avaliar o progresso dessas medidas e aponta possíveis indicadores para avaliar os benefícios de sua implementação.

Abstract: Introduction: Anemia is a highly prevalent disorder. Preoperative anemia is associated with higher mortality, more complications, longer hospital stays, and higher healthcare costs. Red blood cell transfusion (RBC) does not improve these outcomes. The World Health Organization recommends implementing Patient Blood Management (PBM) programmes, as they can improve these clinical outcomes, reduce unnecessary RBC transfusions, and save costs. Despite compelling evidence, the implementation of these measures has yet to be effectively achieved. The objective of this study is to conduct a situational analysis to raise awareness about this issue and encourage the implementation of these measures. Methodology: An observational, longitudinal, retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single center. All patients undergoing elective surgery from 01/01/2022 to 01/04/2022 at the Hospital de Clínicas were included. Exclusion criteria: absence of a complete blood count in the three months prior to surgery and refusal to participate in the study. Results: A total of 329 surgeries were analyzed. 52 out of 100 procedures were performed on patients with anemia. A statistically significant association was found between preoperative anemia and receiving RBC transfusion during hospitalization. OR 11.746 (4.518 - 30.540). Anemia and RBC transfusions significantly prolonged hospital stay. Length of hospitalization based on patient condition: No anemia: 10.1 ± 1.1 days, with anemia: 27.2 ± 2.3 days. Value of p < 0.001. Non-transfused: 14.5 ± 1.3 days, transfused: 41.8 ± 4.4 days. Value of p < 0.001. Only 49 (28.6%) of the 171 patients with anemia had iron metabolism assessed before surgery. Among the 140 patients with Hb < 12 g/dL undergoing surgeries with non-insignificant bleeding, only 4 received specific treatment to optimize Hb. A total of 185 units of red blood cells (RBC) were administered during hospitalization. 49 to unstable patients (intraoperative or acute hemorrhage) and 136 to stable patients. From the analysis of the latter group, 42.5% of the patients received 3 or more RBC units. The average pre-transfusion hemoglobin was 7.0 ± 0.1. A statistically significant association was found between receiving RBC units and dying during hospitalization. OR 17.182 (3.360 - 87.872). Conclusiones: A situational analysis was conducted, revealing a high prevalence of preoperative anemia, scarce study and treatment of anemia before surgeries, and an excessive amount of blood transfusions received by some patients. This work establishes the need to implement Patient Blood Management programs to reduce the prevalence of preoperative anemia and improve our transfusion practices. It also sets a comparative framework to evaluate the progress of these measures and indicates possible indicators to assess the benefits of their implementation.

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ABSTRACT: This research focuses on the detailed analysis of Con mi corazón en Yambo (2011), an emblematic documentary of Ecuadorian cinema, with the purpose of understanding how visual, sound, graphic, syntactic and political cinematographic codes intertwine to transmit meanings. and build narratives. An exhaustive analysis of selected sequences from the documentary was carried out, allowing a classification of the montage according to its type and modality. The approaches of Francesco Casetti and Federico Di Chio, as well as Sergei Eisenstein, together with a comparative analysis based on an interview with the filmmaker who produced the documentary, allowed us to completely unravel its structure. This approach not only explores the influence of these elements on cultural representation, aesthetics and communication in Ecuadorian documentary film, but also reveals the artistic richness, cultural message and narrative uniqueness of this film. Thus, a deeper and more detailed understanding of documentary cinema in Ecuador is offered.

RESUMEN: Esta investigación se centra en el análisis detallado de Con mi corazón en Yambo (2011), un documental emblemático del cine ecuatoriano, con el propósito de comprender cómo los códigos cinematográficos visuales, sonoros, gráficos, sintácticos y políticos se entrelazan para transmitir significados y construir narrativas. Se realizó un análisis exhaustivo de secuencias seleccionadas del documental, permitiendo una clasificación del montaje según su tipo y modalidad. Los enfoques de Francesco Casetti y Federico Di Chio, así como de Sergei Eisenstein, junto con un análisis comparativo basado en una entrevista a la cineasta productora del documental, nos permitieron desentrañar por completo su estructura. Este enfoque no solo explora la influencia de estos elementos en la representación cultural, la estética y la comunicación en el cine documental ecuatoriano, sino que también revela la riqueza artística, el mensaje cultural y la singularidad narrativa de esta película. Con ello, se ofrece una comprensión más profunda y detallada del cine documental en Ecuador.

Abstract: Healthcare buildings can be complicated to navigate, causing patients to experience stress and lose time if not adequately planned. This study aims to identify the relationship between the spatial layout in healthcare buildings and wayfinding for users, by utilizing Behavioral Sequence Analysis (BSA) and Space Syntax through Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR). The methodology is based on behavioral and spatial data and was tested by using the experimental setups in VR environments. Space syntax analysis is applied to collect spatial data. Experiments were conducted by assigning wayfinding tasks in virtual hospitals with various plan configurations. Behavioral data obtained from BSA was associated with the spatial data driven by the space syntax analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the participants' wayfinding behavior. The results indicate that the semi-centralized floor plan layout with high visibility levels performs better in wayfinding while the decentralized layout with low visibility values performs worse.

Resumen: Los edificios de atención médica pueden ser complicados de navegar, causando estrés y pérdida de tiempo a los pacientes si no están planificados adecuadamente. Este estudio busca identificar la relación entre la disposición espacial en estos edificios y la orientación de los usuarios, utilizando Análisis de Secuencia Comportamental (BSA) y Sintaxis Espacial a través de Realidad Virtual Inmersiva (iVR). La metodología se basa en datos comportamentales y espaciales, probada en configuraciones experimentales en entornos de iRV. El análisis de sintaxis espacial se emplea para recopilar datos. Se realizaron experimentos con tareas de orientación en hospitales virtuales con diversas configuraciones de plano. Los datos conductuales del BSA se asociaron con los datos espaciales, obteniendo una comprensión completa del comportamiento de orientación. Los resultados indican que la disposición semi-centralizada con alta visibilidad es más eficaz en la orientación, mientras que la distribución descentralizada con baja visibilidad lo es menos.

Abstract Objective To assess FEES findings in defining oral feeding safety in children with suspected dysphagia, comparing them with clinical feeding evaluation results. Methods This study comprised a case series involving children with suspected dysphagia, referred for evaluation by otolaryngologists and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) at a Brazilian quaternary public university hospital. These children underwent both clinical evaluations and fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), with a comprehensive collection of demographic and clinical data. Subsequently, the authors performed a comparative analysis of findings from both assessments. Results Most patients successfully completed the FEES procedure (93.7%), resulting in a final number of 60 cases included in the study. The prevalence of dysphagia was confirmed in a significant 88% of these cases. Suspected aspiration on clinical SLP evaluation was present in 34 patients. Of these, FEES confirmed aspiration or penetration in 28 patients. Among the 35 patients with aspiration or penetration on FEES, 7 (20%) had no suspicion on SLP clinical assessment. All seven patients in whom clinical SLP evaluation failed to predict penetration/aspiration had neurological disorders. The median age of the children was 2.8 years, and 49 (81.6%) had neurological disorders, while 35 (58.3%) had chronic pulmonary disease. The most prevalent complaints were choking (41.6%) and sialorrhea (23.3%). Conclusion FEES can diagnose structural anomalies of the upper aerodigestive tract and significantly contribute to the detection of aspiration and penetration in this group of patients with suspected dysphagia, identifying moderate and severe dysphagia even in cases where clinical assessment had no suspicion. results speechlanguage speech language SLPs (SLPs hospital , (FEES) data Subsequently assessments 93.7%, 937 93.7% 93 (93.7%) 6 88 3 2 20% 20 (20% penetrationaspiration disorders 8 2. years 4 81.6% 816 81 (81.6% 58.3% 583 58 (58.3% disease 41.6% 416 41 (41.6% 23.3%. 233 23.3% . 23 (23.3%) (FEES 93.7 9 (93.7% (20 81.6 (81.6 58.3 5 (58.3 41.6 (41.6 23.3 (23.3% 93. (93.7 (2 81. (81. 58. (58. 41. (41. 23. (23.3 (93. ( (81 (58 (41 (23. (93 (8 (5 (4 (23 (9

Este artigo se propôs a analisar comparativamente como dois movimentos neofascistas, que rivalizam pela legitimidade do legado integralista - a Frente Integralista Brasileira (FIB) e o Movimento Integralista e Linearista Brasileiro (MIL-B) - reconstituem a memória do integralismo histórico e do nazifascismo no ambiente digital. Como aporte teórico-metodológico, foram mobilizadas ferramentas de análise das áreas das ciências sociais, da filosofia estética e da política linguística para nos auxiliar na compreensão das expressões estéticas e político-discursivas dos grupos em plataformas digitais. Essa análise comparativa, tendo como recorte o problema da memória, revela compatibilidades e diferenças em relação às configurações ideológicas e às estratégias políticas dos movimentos neointegralistas. Sistematizamos a análise a partir de três temáticas: a) nostalgia do Chefe Integralista, b) simbologias e c) referências ao nazifascismo e ao antissemitismo. A evocação nostálgica da memória do líder integralista, Plínio Salgado, é fundamental para ambos os grupos, aproximando as mobilizações dos trabalhos de memória desses movimentos rivais. A disseminação de simbologias demarca uma das maiores diferenças entre os movimentos, isto é, a proposta conservadora da FIB versus a proposta original do MIL-B. A forma como os grupos reconstituem a memória do nazifascismo e do antissemitismo revela outra diferença crucial: enquanto a FIB recusa o nazifascismo e o antissemitismo pela via da reconstrução e do “esquecimento” da memória da corrente integralista antissemita liderada por Gustavo Barroso, o MIL-B admite o movimento como fascista e adere ao antissemitismo aproximando-se da corrente integralista antissemita barrosiana. &nbsp;

This article aims to comparatively analyze how two neo-fascist movements that compete for the legitimacy of the integralist legacy - the Brazilian Integralist Front [Frente Integralista Brasileira (FIB)] and the Brazilian Integralist and Linearist Movement [Movimento Integralista e Linearista Brasileiro (MIL-B)] - reconstitute the memory of historical integralism and Nazi-fascism in the digital environment. As a theoretical-methodological contribution, analysis tools from the areas of social sciences, aesthetic philosophy and linguistic politics were mobilized to help us understand the aesthetic and political-discursive expressions of the groups on digital platforms. This comparative analysis, focusing on the problem of memory, reveals compatibilities and differences in relation to the ideological configurations and political strategies of the neointegralist movements. We systematized the analysis based on three themes: a) nostalgia for the Integralist Chief, b) symbologies and c) references to Nazifascism and anti-Semitism. The nostalgic evocation of the memory of the Integralist leader, Plínio Salgado, is fundamental for both groups, bringing the mobilizations closer to the memory work of these rival movements. The dissemination of symbologies marks one of the biggest differences between the movements, that is, the conservative proposal of the FIB versus the original proposal of MIL-B. The way the groups reconstitute the memory of Nazifascism and antisemitism reveals another crucial difference: while the FIB rejects Nazifascism and antisemitism by reconstructing and “forgetting” the memory of the antisemitic integralist current led by Gustavo Barroso, the MIL-B admits the movement as fascist and adheres to antisemitism by approaching the Barrosian antisemitic integralist current.

Este artículo se propuso analizar comparativamente cómo dos movimientos neofascistas que rivalizan por la legitimidad del legado integralista -el Frente Integralista Brasileño (FIB) y el Movimiento Integralista y Linealista Brasileño (MIL-B)- reconstituyen la memoria del integralismo histórico y del nazifascismo en el medio digital. Como contribución teórico-metodológica, se movilizaron herramientas de análisis de las ciencias sociales, de la filosofía estética y de la política lingüística para ayudarnos a comprender las expresiones estéticas y político-discursivas de los grupos en las plataformas digitales. Este análisis comparativo, centrado en el problema de la memoria, revela compatibilidades y diferencias en relación con las configuraciones ideológicas y las estrategias políticas de los movimientos neointegralistas. Sistematizamos el análisis a partir de tres temas: a) nostalgia del Jefe Integralista, b) simbolismo y c) referencias al nazifascismo y al antisemitismo. La evocación nostálgica de la memoria del líder integralista, Plínio Salgado, es fundamental para ambos grupos, acercando las movilizaciones al trabajo de memoria de estos movimientos rivales. La difusión de simbologías marca una de las mayores diferencias entre los movimientos, es decir, la propuesta conservadora del FIB frente a la propuesta original del MIL-B. La forma en que los grupos reconstituyen la memoria del nazifascismo y del antisemitismo revela otra diferencia crucial: mientras el FIB rechaza el nazifascismo y el antisemitismo reconstruyendo y «olvidando» la memoria de la corriente integralista antisemita liderada por Gustavo Barroso, el MIL-B admite el movimiento como fascista y adhiere al antisemitismo aproximándose a la corriente integralista antisemita barrosiana.