Analysis of variance (ANOVA)-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) is a method of choice for factorial design studies of environmental impacts on plant metabolomes and can be used to quantitatively carry out this comparative analysis. The impacts of seven mixture design extractor systems made up of ethanol, dichloromethane, and hexane and their 1:1 binary and 1:1:1 ternary solvents for several replicate experiments (n = 3, 4, 5) were assessed using ASCA models determined from Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), near-infrared (NIR), and UV-Vis spectroscopic measurements on yerba mate leaf extracts. This analysis considered two-factor effects: secondary sexual dimorphism (male and female plants) and cultivation systems (monoculture and agroforestry), as well as their interaction effect. The three binary solvents were found to be more efficient extractor systems for all four detectors as they found 83 main and interaction effects significant at or above the 95% confidence level compared with only 47 for the pure solvent extracts. Binary solvent extracts resulted in averages between 44.04 and 86.61% for the ASCA total effect variances compared with 40.62 to 71.07% for pure extractors. Of the 60 significant effects found for experiments with 5 repetitions 53 or 88% were obtained with only triplicate determinations. The choice of spectroscopic technique and solvent system have large impacts on metabolomic analysis results. ANOVAsimultaneous ANOVA simultaneous (ASCA ethanol dichloromethane 11 1 1: 111 1:1: n 3 4 Fouriertransform Fourier transform FTIR, FTIR , (FTIR) nearinfrared near NIR, NIR (NIR) UVVis UV Vis twofactor two factor male plants monoculture agroforestry, agroforestry agroforestry) 8 95 4404 44 04 44.0 8661 86 61 86.61 4062 40 62 40.6 7107 71 07 71.07 extractors 6 88 determinations results (FTIR (NIR 9 440 0 44. 866 86.6 406 40. 710 7 71.0 86. 71.

Exploring the triacylglycerols composition in milk samples from different ruminant species is crucial for dairy product development. Identifying the fatty acid (FA) composition in human milk is essential and is usually performed using gas chromatography (GC). Heat maps are useful for visualizing these results, aiding in pattern identification and relationships between samples and variables. Additionally, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides important qualitative and quantitative information about fatty acids (FA). In the present study, we compare the fatty acid composition in samples of HM, cow milk, and goat milk, as well as to demonstrate their positional distribution in triacylglycerols (TAGs). Human milk contains 49.21% saturated fatty acids (SFAs), 34.32% monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), and 16.47% polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), including 2.14% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.02% linoleic acid (LA). On the other hand, cow and goat milk have higher proportions of SFAs (56.2 and 58.02%, respectively) and MUFAs (40.56 and 40.95%, respectively), but lower amounts of PUFAs (3.24 and 1.03%, respectively), with significantly lower quantities of DHA (0.03 and 0.43%, respectively) and LA (1.46 and 2.76%, respectively). Additionally, fatty acids in ruminant milk mainly consist of long-chain fatty acids (LCFAs), with oleic acid being the most abundant. development FA (FA GC. GC . (GC) results variables Additionally NMR (NMR FA. study HM TAGs. TAGs (TAGs) 4921 49 21 49.21 SFAs, , (SFAs) 3432 34 32 34.32 MUFA, MUFA (MUFA) 1647 16 47 16.47 PUFA, PUFA (PUFA) 214 2 14 2.14 (DHA 1302 13 02 13.02 LA. (LA) hand 56.2 562 56 (56. 5802 58 58.02% respectively 40.56 4056 40 (40.5 4095 95 40.95% respectively, 3.24 324 3 24 (3.2 103 1 03 1.03% 0.03 003 0 (0.0 043 43 0.43% 1.46 146 46 (1.4 276 76 2.76% respectively. longchain long chain LCFAs, LCFAs (LCFAs) abundant (GC (TAGs 492 4 49.2 (SFAs 343 34.3 (MUFA 164 16.4 (PUFA 2.1 130 13.0 (LA 56. 5 (56 580 58.02 40.5 405 (40. 409 9 40.95 3.2 (3. 10 1.03 0.0 00 (0. 04 0.43 1.4 (1. 27 7 2.76 (LCFAs 49. 34. 16. 2. 13. (5 58.0 40. (40 40.9 3. (3 1.0 0. (0 0.4 1. (1 2.7 ( 58. (4

ABSTRACT Purpose: Myopia, or nearsightedness, is one of the most common eye conditions worldwide. However, a comparison of the effectiveness of different laser-assisted interventions is lacking. Thus, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of LASIK and IntraLASIK in addressing myopia. Methods: The study was conducted in two ophthalmology clinics in Beijing, China, in 2022. A total of 84 patients (152 eyes) with different degrees of myopia were examined and underwent LASIK (n=46, 80 eyes) or IntraLASIK (n=38, 72 eyes). Keratometry, corneal topography, pachymetry, visual acuity evaluation, and corneal biomechanical analysis were performed before and after the intervention. Results: IntraLASIK produced more precise flaps than LASIK, with deviations of <8 mm and 0.1 mm from the intended thickness and diameter, respectively. LASIK resulted in nonuniform flaps, with thickness deviations of 5-86 mm. IntraLASIK demonstrated a superior efficacy for patients with severe myopia and thin corneas, with a mean spherical equivalent of 0.9 D at 6 months compared to the 1.4 D for LASIK. Approximately 91% and 83% of the patients with mild to moderate and severe myopia, respectively, achieved results within ± 0.49 D from the refractive target with IntraLASIK. Conclusions: Corneal hysteresis and corneal resistance factor decreased with an increase in laser intensity, and they decreased faster with thinner corneas. Thus, IntraLASIK is more useful than LASIK in patients with thin corneas and severe myopia. Purpose Myopia nearsightedness worldwide However laserassisted assisted lacking Thus Methods Beijing China 2022 8 152 (15 eyes n=46, n46 n 46 (n=46 n=38, n38 38 (n=38 7 eyes. . Keratometry topography pachymetry evaluation intervention Results < 01 0 1 0. diameter respectively 586 5 86 5-8 09 9 14 4 1. 91 83 049 49 0.4 Conclusions intensity 202 15 (1 n=46 n4 (n=4 n=38 n3 3 (n=3 58 5- 04 20 ( n=4 (n= n=3 2 n= (n

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a percepção de professores universitários sobre os determinantes da adoção de tecnologias de mercado no currículo dos cursos de graduação em Ciências Contábeis da América Latina. Este estudo é baseado na Teoria Unificada de Aceitação e Uso de Tecnologia 2 (UTAUT2). Foi realizada uma survey com professores de cursos de graduação em contabilidade localizados em países que fazem parte da América Latina, resultando em uma amostra de 151 professores distribuídos em 16 países. Os dados foram analisados por meio de uma abordagem de métodos mistos, utilizando Modelagem de Equações Estruturais - Mínimos Quadrados Parciais e Análise Comparativa Qualitativa fuzzy-set. Os resultados mostram a influência simétrica do hábito, expectativa de desempenho e influência social na adoção de tecnologias de mercado, independentemente da idade, experiência acadêmica ou gênero. Além disso, várias combinações assimétricas de condições acarretam em uma alta adoção de tecnologias de mercado nos currículos de contabilidade, com a expectativa de desempenho presente em todas as combinações possíveis. Latina UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mistos fuzzyset. fuzzyset fuzzy set. set fuzzy-set hábito idade gênero disso possíveis (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract The aim of this article is to analyze the perception of university professors regarding the determinants of adopting market technologies in the curriculums of undergraduate accounting courses in Latin America. This study is based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2). A survey was conducted with professors from undergraduate accounting courses located in the countries that make up Latin America, resulting in a sample of 151 professors distributed among 16 countries. The data was analyzed through a mixed-method approach using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling and fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis. The findings show the symmetrical influence of habit, performance expectancy, and social influence on the adoption of market technologies regardless of age, academic experience or gender. Furthermore, various asymmetrical combinations of conditions bring about a high adoption of market technologies in accounting curricula, with performance expectancy being present in all possible combinations. America UTAUT2. UTAUT2 UTAUT . (UTAUT2) 15 1 mixedmethod mixed method fuzzyset fuzzy set Analysis habit age gender Furthermore curricula (UTAUT2 (UTAUT

Abstract While existing studies on coalitions focus primarily on the party-level dynamics of a president’s political alliances, this paper examines the proportional representation of states within ministries during the terms of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva, and Dilma Rousseff. Based on the political origins of 265 ministers, we developed an index to measure the extent of state-level coalescence of the ministries. This index allows us to assess the year-by-year proportionality of state-level representativeness within the ministries. More than merely identifying over-representation of certain states relative to their congressional influence, our results enable a comparative analysis of federative coalescence as compared to party coalescence over time. Our findings signal a trend in which the President of the Republic tends to favor specific state factions within allied parties, shedding light on a previously unexplored dimension of coalition presidentialism. partylevel level presidents president s alliances Cardoso Silva Rousseff 26 ministers statelevel yearbyyear year by overrepresentation influence time parties presidentialism 2

Résumé Les études sur les coalitions se concentrent exclusivement sur l’aspect partisan des alliances politiques du président. Cet article analyse la présence proportionnelle des États dans les bureaux ministériels formés durant les gouvernements de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva et Dilma Rousseff. À partir du lieu d’origine politique de 265 ministres, nous avons développé un indice pour mesurer le taux de coalescence fédérative des cabinets. Cet indice estime la proportionnalité de la représentation des État au sein des équipes ministérielles année par année durant ces gouvernements. Au-delà de la surreprésentation de certains États par rapport au poids effectif de leurs caucus au Congrès national, nos résultats permettent de comparer les valeurs de la coalescence fédérative avec la coalescence partisane au fil du temps. L’indice montre que le président de la République cherche à privilégier certaines factions étatiques au sein des partis de la base alliée, exprimant ainsi une nouvelle dimension du présidentielle de coalition. laspect l aspect Cardoso Rousseff dorigine d origine 26 ministres cabinets Audelà Au delà national temps Lindice L alliée coalition 2

Resumo Estudos sobre coalizões estão focados exclusivamente no aspecto partidário das alianças políticas do presidente. O artigo analisa a presença proporcional dos estados nos gabinetes ministeriais formados nos governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva e Dilma Rousseff. A partir do local de origem política de 265 ministros, desenvolvemos um índice para mensurar a taxa de coalescência federativa dos gabinetes. Esse índice estima a proporcionalidade da representação estadual das equipes ministeriais ano a ano nesses governos. Mais do que a sobrerrepresentação de alguns estados em relação ao peso efetivo de suas bancadas no Congresso Nacional, nossos resultados permitem comparar os valores da coalescência federativa com a coalescência partidária ao longo do tempo. O índice mostra que o presidente da República procura privilegiar certas facções estaduais dentro dos partidos da base aliada, expressando assim uma nova dimensão do presidencialismo de coalizão. Cardoso Rousseff 26 ministros Nacional tempo aliada coalizão 2

Resumen Los estudios sobre las coaliciones se centran exclusivamente en el aspecto partidista de las alianzas políticas del presidente. El artículo analiza la presencia proporcional de los estados en los gabinetes ministeriales formados por los gobiernos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso, Lula da Silva y Dilma Rousseff. Basándonos en el lugar de origen político de 265 ministros, desarrollamos un índice para medir la tasa de coalescencia federativa de los gabinetes. Este índice estima la proporcionalidad de la representación estatal de los equipos ministeriales año tras año en estos gobiernos. Más que la sobrerrepresentación de algunos estados en relación con el peso efectivo de sus grupos en el Congreso Nacional, nuestros resultados nos permiten comparar los valores de la coalescencia federal con la coalescencia de los partidos a lo largo del tiempo. El índice muestra que el Presidente de la República busca favorecer a determinadas facciones estatales dentro de los partidos de la base aliada, expresando así una nueva dimensión del presidencialismo de coalición. presidente Cardoso Rousseff 26 ministros Nacional tiempo aliada coalición 2

Abstract Several structural models aim to predict the behavior of masonry walls. Those are included in technical standards strive to ensure the anticipation of the structural capacity, thereby assuring its safety. Different regions of the world encompass diverse parameters for predicting the lateral capacity of masonry members. This study sought to compare the Brazilian, Canadian, American, Australian, and European masonry standards regarding the shear and flexural capacity specification of walls. Equations derived from the standards were contrasted against finite element modeling results and to reliable formulation from the literature for predicting wall shear behavior. Additionally, an actualization is proposed to the Brazilian standard. The results revealed that while flexural capacity specifications result in comparable values across all standards, the Brazilian standard exhibited the least conservatism in the shear capacity, followed by the Australian, American, Canadian, and European standards. The diagonal shear was the primary mode of panel failure of the walls from the FE (Finite Element) modeling. The suggested adjustments to the Brazilian code, including considering the net area and correction of the initial shear strength (fvk0), result values close to the modeling results. safety members Canadian American Australian Additionally Finite Element code fvk0, fvk0 fvk , (fvk0) (fvk0 (fvk

Resumo Enquanto diversos modelos estruturais buscam prever o comportamento de paredes em alvenaria, as normas técnicas buscam promover a previsão das cargas resistentes, de modo a trazer segurança para as estruturas. Diferentes regiões do mundo possuem parâmetros diversos para previsão da capacidade lateral das estruturas em alvenaria. O presente trabalho buscou realizar a comparação entre as normas de alvenaria estrutural brasileira, americana, australiana e europeia no que tange à resistência ao cisalhamento das mesmas e à flexocompressão que estão submetidas. Os equacionamentos indicados nas normas foram comparados com modelagem por elementos finitos e com a equação da literatura (2022), consideradas fidedignas para previsão do comportamento das paredes submetidas a forças laterais no plano. É proposta uma atualização para a norma brasileira. Os resultados mostraram que enquanto os resultados dos modelos para flexocompressão têm valores similares em todas as normas, para cisalhamento, a norma brasileira se mostrou como sendo a menos conservadora, seguida pela australiana, americana, canadense e europeia. Foi identificado ainda, por meio da modelagem em EF (Elementos Finitos), que o principal modo de ruptura dos painéis é a compressão diagonal. A proposta de modificação na norma brasileira, com consideração de área líquida e a correção da resistência ao cisalhamento inicial (fvk0), resultam valores muito mais próximos aos resultados do modelo. resistentes americana 2022, 2022 , (2022) plano conservadora ainda Elementos Finitos, Finitos Finitos) diagonal fvk0, fvk0 fvk (fvk0) modelo 202 (2022 (fvk0 20 (202 (fvk 2 (20 (2 (

Abstract In a globalized world, Legislative control over matters related to Mercosur and the European Union (EU) is important. However, its importance varies according to Regional Foreign Policy (RFP) decisions. This article investigates whether there are configurations, considering institutional design, political conditions, and economic factors, which explain the intensity of legislative participation in determining such matters. Specialists were consulted to select five decisions that represented significant changes for the regional dynamics of Mercosur and EU member countries. After defining the intentional sample of cases, necessary and sufficient conditions for the participation of the Legislature in RFP were identified through a Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA). The results indicate that institutional design and economic factors matter, but prior debates in Parliaments on the subject are also relevant to explaining legislative action. This was corroborated by a Coincidence Analysis (CNA) that demonstrated that this variable makes up the causal chain of participation. world (EU important However (RFP configurations countries cases QCA. QCA . (QCA) matter action CNA (CNA (QCA

Résumé Dans un monde globalisé, le contrôle du législatif sur les questions liées au Mercosur et à l’Union Européenne est important, mais il varie en fonction des décisions de Politique Étrangère Régionale (PER). Cet article examine s’il existe des configurations, en tenant compte de la conception institutionnelle, des conditions politiques et des facteurs économiques, qui expliquent l’intensité de la participation législative dans la détermination de telles questions. Une consultation d’experts a été réalisée pour sélectionner 5 décisions représentant des changements significatifs pour la dynamique régionale des pays du Mercosur et de l’Union européenne. Après avoir défini l’échantillon intentionnel de cas, grâce à une Analyse Qualitative Comparative (QCA), des conditions causales, nécessaires et suffisantes, ont été identifiées pour la participation du législatif à la PER. Les résultats indiquent que la conception institutionnelle et les facteurs économiques importent, mais les débats préalables dans les Parlements sur le sujet sont également pertinents pour expliquer l’action législative. Cela a été corroboré par une Analyse de Coïncidence qui a démontré que cette variable fait partie de la chaîne causale de la participation. globalisé lUnion l Union important PER . (PER) sil s configurations lintensité intensité dexperts d experts européenne léchantillon échantillon cas QCA, QCA , (QCA) causales suffisantes importent laction action (PER (QCA

Resumo Em um mundo globalizado, o controle do Legislativo sobre matérias ligadas ao Mercosul e à União Europeia importa, mas varia em relação às decisões de Política Externa Regional (PER). Este artigo investiga se existem configurações, considerando o desenho institucional, as condições políticas e os fatores econômicos, que expliquem a intensidade da participação legislativa na determinação de tais matérias. Foi realizada uma consulta com especialistas para selecionar 5 decisões que representaram mudanças significativas para a dinâmica regional dos países mercosulinos e europeus. Após definida a amostra intencional de casos, através de uma Análise Qualitativa Comparativa (QCA), foram identificadas condições causais, necessárias e suficientes, para a participação do Legislativo em PER. Os resultados indicam que desenho institucional e fatores econômicos importam, mas debates prévios nos Parlamentos sobre o tema também são relevantes para explicar a atuação legislativa. Isso foi corroborado por uma Análise de Coincidência que demonstrou que essa variável compõe a cadeia causal da participação. globalizado importa PER . (PER) configurações europeus casos QCA, QCA , (QCA) causais suficientes importam (PER (QCA

Resumen En un mundo globalizado, el control legislativo sobre los asuntos relacionados con el Mercosur y la Unión Europea es importante, pero varía en relación con las decisiones de Política Exterior Regional (PER). Este artículo investiga si existen configuraciones, teniendo en cuenta el diseño institucional, las condiciones políticas y los factores económicos, que expliquen la intensidad de la participación legislativa en la determinación de tales asuntos. Se consultó a expertos para seleccionar cinco decisiones que representaban cambios significativos en la dinámica regional del Mercosur y de los países europeos. Una vez definida la muestra intencional de casos, se utilizó un Análisis Cualitativo Comparativo (ACC) para identificar las condiciones causales necesarias y suficientes para la participación de la legislatura en PER. Los resultados indican que el diseño institucional y los factores económicos importan, pero los debates previos en los parlamentos sobre el tema también son relevantes para explicar la acción legislativa. Esto fue corroborado por un Análisis de Coincidencias que demostró que esta variable conforma la cadena causal de la participación. globalizado importante PER . (PER) configuraciones europeos casos ACC (ACC importan (PER

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

Resumen: Este artículo analiza la centralidad de las políticas públicas de seguridad y justicia en América Latina y el Caribe a partir de diversas técnicas de investigación teórico (análisis documental y bibliográfico) y trabajo de campo (visitas “in loco” y observaciones participantes), realizadas entre 2015 y 2021. Se parte del supuesto de que la violencia y las inseguridades son abordadas como un obstáculo flagrante para el desarrollo humano y la consolidación del estado de derecho en la región. Se identifica, basado en la literatura especializada y estudio comparado de estas políticas públicas, la relevancia del papel que juega el liderazgo político del estado y el compromiso cívico de varios actores sociales en torno a una gobernanza territorial integrada e integral de políticas de seguridad pública Ciudadana dedicados a salvar y preservar vidas. Resumen análisis bibliográfico visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 región identifica vidas 20 202 2

Abstract: This article analyzes the centrality of public security and justice policies in Latin America and the Caribbean based on various theoretical research techniques (documental and bibliographical analysis) and fieldwork (“in loco” visits and participant observations), undertaken between 2015 and 2021. It starts from the assumption that violence and insecurities are approached as a flagrant obstacle to human development and the consolidation of the rule of law in the region. It is identified, in the comparison of the specialized literature and in the comparative study of these public policies, the relevance of the role played by the political leadership of the State and the civic engagement of several social actors around an integrated and integral territorial governance of citizen public security policies. Despite a punitive political culture and a history of authoritarian governments in the region, there are, after all, key principles and concepts for a new type of governance of citizen security (and justice) in Brazil and in the region aimed at saving and preserve lives. Abstract documental analysis loco observations, observations , observations) 201 2021 identified all lives 20 202 2

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a centralidade das políticas públicas de segurança e justiça na América Latina e no Caribe com base em diversas técnicas de pesquisa teórica (análise documental e bibliográfica) e de campo (visitas “in loco” e observações participantes), empreendidas entre 2015 e 2021. Parte-se do pressuposto de que as violências e inseguranças são abordadas como um flagrante obstáculo ao desenvolvimento humano e à consolidação do estado de direito na região. Identifica-se, no cotejo da literatura especializada e no estudo comparado dessas políticas públicas, a relevância do papel desempenhado pela liderança política do estado e pelo engajamento cívico de diversos atores sociais em torno de uma governança territorial integrada e integral das políticas de segurança pública cidadã. Inobstante a uma cultura política punitiva e a um histórico de governos autoritários na região, vislumbram-se, afinal, princípios e conceitos-chave para uma governança de novo tipo da segurança cidadã (e justiça) no Brasil e na região voltada a salvar e a preservar vidas. Resumo análise bibliográfica visitas in loco participantes, participantes , participantes) 201 2021 Partese Parte se Identificase, Identificase Identifica se, Identifica-se vislumbramse, vislumbramse vislumbram vislumbram-se afinal conceitoschave conceitos chave vidas 20 202 2

Abstract Child Sexual Abuse (CDA), an uncomfortable reality for humanity whose numbers rise every year. Given the demands established by international organizations, this research represents a first approach to the phenomenon through a documentary and comparative review to identify CSA prevention programs developed in Mexico and other countries in search of granting Children and Adolescents (C&A) a dignified life and promote their rights to integrity. A qualitative study was implemented through a review of materials using documentary review as an analysis technique. Once the pertinent literature was located, the documentary record was carried out under a methodological process and the corresponding analysis was elaborated through a comparative technique. Within the results of the research, sexual education is insufficient at the basic level even though the SEP has provided material for its prevention without sufficient coverage and the school has become responsible for implementing programs that meet the needs of the context. In the present work, programs aimed at students, parents, teachers and civil organizations whose objectives are to inform, detect risk situations, promote health and provide self-care tools are identified.

Resumen El Abuso Sexual Infantil (ASI), una realidad incómoda para la humanidad cuyas cifras se elevan cada año. Ante las demandas establecidas por las organizaciones internacionales, esta investigación representa una primera aproximación al fenómeno a través de una revisión documental y comparativa para identificar los programas de prevención de ASI desarrollados en México y otros países en busca de otorgar a Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (NNA) una vida digna y se promuevan sus derechos a la integridad. Se implementó un estudio cualitativo por medio de una revisión de materiales utilizando como técnica de análisis la revisión documental. Una vez localizada la literatura pertinente se procedió el registro documental bajo proceso metodológico y mediante una técnica comparativa se elaboró el análisis correspondiente. Dentro de los resultados de la investigación, la educación sexual resulta insuficiente en el nivel básico a pesar de que la SEP ha dotado de material para su prevención sin cobertura suficiente y la escuela se ha convertido en responsable de implementar programas que atiendan las necesidades del contexto. En el presente trabajo, se identifican programas dirigidos a alumnos, padres, maestros y organizaciones civiles cuyos objetivos son informar, detectar situaciones de riesgo, promover la salud y otorgar herramientas de autocuidado.

Abstract Purpose: To review the current advances and current of the study of consciousness in order to discuss the advantages of a research program on consciousness defined by biology and complexity sciences. Methodological design: A review of the scientific literature of consciousness showed conceptual and methodological findings and their limitations. An analysis of the methods of complexity sciences and biology was carried out to discuss how this approach is able to contribute to the study of consciousness. Results: Among the comparative development of different current theories on consciousness we have the Theory of the integration of information and the Theory of the global work area. We also present a working scheme with the methods of complexity sciences and suggest evolutionary biology as a framework for the interpretation of the results. Research Limitations: A lack of consensus on definition makes it difficult to integrate empirical data into a general theory of consciousness. Findings: Six points were discussed as necessary for the research program of evolutionary biology and complexity, such as: the adaptive functional analysis of consciousness, the emergence of modular structures, evolutionary novelties, the genetic correspondence of cognitive abilities, the effect of the environment and reciprocal causality.

Resumen Objetivo: Presentar los avances y problemas vigentes del estudio de la consciencia con el fin de discutir las ventajas de un programa de investigación centrado en ella, definido por la biología evolutiva y las ciencias de la complejidad. Diseño metodológico: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura científica de los estudios de la consciencia. La revisión se centró en mostrar los hallazgos y limitaciones conceptuales y metodológicas. Posterior a eso, se realizó un análisis de los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología evolutiva para discutir sus alcances en el estudio de la consciencia. Resultados: Se presenta el desarrollo comparativo de diferentes teorías actuales sobre la consciencia, entre ellas: la Teoría de la integración de la información y la Teoría del área de trabajo global. También se presenta un esquema de trabajo con los métodos de las ciencias de la complejidad y se sugiere a la biología evolutiva como un marco para la interpretación de los resultados. Limitaciones de la investigación: La falta de consenso en la definición dificulta la integración de los datos empíricos en una teoría general de la consciencia. Hallazgos: Se argumenta a favor de seis puntos necesarios para el programa de investigación de la biología evolutiva y de la complejidad. Los puntos son: el análisis funcional adaptativo de la consciencia, la emergencia de estructuras modulares, las novedades evolutivas, la correspondencia genética de las capacidades cognitivas, el efecto del medio y la causalidad recíproca.

Resumen En este artículo se cuestiona la evolución del grado de integración regional en lo referente al tema migratorio con el fin de reflexionar en torno al nivel de consolidación de la gobernanza regional migratoria (GRM) en Argentina y Uruguay -Estados partes del Acuerdo sobre Residencia del Mercosur (ARM)-, y en Colombia y Perú -países asociados del mismo Acuerdo-, en un contexto de alto flujo migratorio de ciudadanos venezolanos por esta subregión suramericana. La metodología utilizada combina las perspectivas cualitativa y cuantitativa. Se demuestra que en Argentina y Uruguay se aplicó el ARM en convergencia hacia una GRM con instituciones regionales fuertes y una regulación migratoria alineada con el ARM; sin embargo, en Colombia y Perú no se aplicó el acuerdo, pero se asumieron instrumentos jurídicos ad hoc con una convergencia débil hacia una GRM y se subraya la urgencia de aplicar una gobernanza de la migración regional.

Abstract This document questions how the degree of integration in the region is evolving concerning the migration issue, which allows us to reflect on how consolidated the migration regional governance (GRM) is in countries such as Argentina and Uruguay, which are Member States of the Mercosur Residence Agreement (ARM) and Colombia and Peru which are associate countries to this same agreement, in a context of the high level of Venezuelan emigration through this South American subregion. A mixed methodology, qualitatively and quantitatively, was used. It was evidenced that Argentina and Uruguay applied the Mercosur Residence Agreement, with convergence towards a GRM; however, neither Colombia nor Peru applied the ARM until today, but instead, they have adopted ad hoc legal instruments, with which the convergence towards a GRM is weak, and the urgency of the application of regional migration governance is underlined.

Abstract: Healthcare buildings can be complicated to navigate, causing patients to experience stress and lose time if not adequately planned. This study aims to identify the relationship between the spatial layout in healthcare buildings and wayfinding for users, by utilizing Behavioral Sequence Analysis (BSA) and Space Syntax through Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR). The methodology is based on behavioral and spatial data and was tested by using the experimental setups in VR environments. Space syntax analysis is applied to collect spatial data. Experiments were conducted by assigning wayfinding tasks in virtual hospitals with various plan configurations. Behavioral data obtained from BSA was associated with the spatial data driven by the space syntax analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the participants' wayfinding behavior. The results indicate that the semi-centralized floor plan layout with high visibility levels performs better in wayfinding while the decentralized layout with low visibility values performs worse.

Resumen: Los edificios de atención médica pueden ser complicados de navegar, causando estrés y pérdida de tiempo a los pacientes si no están planificados adecuadamente. Este estudio busca identificar la relación entre la disposición espacial en estos edificios y la orientación de los usuarios, utilizando Análisis de Secuencia Comportamental (BSA) y Sintaxis Espacial a través de Realidad Virtual Inmersiva (iVR). La metodología se basa en datos comportamentales y espaciales, probada en configuraciones experimentales en entornos de iRV. El análisis de sintaxis espacial se emplea para recopilar datos. Se realizaron experimentos con tareas de orientación en hospitales virtuales con diversas configuraciones de plano. Los datos conductuales del BSA se asociaron con los datos espaciales, obteniendo una comprensión completa del comportamiento de orientación. Los resultados indican que la disposición semi-centralizada con alta visibilidad es más eficaz en la orientación, mientras que la distribución descentralizada con baja visibilidad lo es menos.

Resumo: Desde a década de 1960, uma série de pesquisas tem questionado a capacidade das escolas para igualar os níveis de aprendizagem entre alunos de diferentes origens sociais. Apesar da diversidade de programas e políticas que buscaram equalizar as diferenças, pesquisas em diversos contextos constataram repetidamente que as diferenças não apenas persistem, mas são reproduzidas nas escolas. Este artigo aborda o problema de uma perspectiva um pouco diferente: seu objetivo é identificar práticas e atitudes de estudantes e docentes associadas a diferenças no desempenho escolar entre estudantes de condição social e econômica mais baixa no Brasil e na Argentina. O objetivo não é entender os mecanismos que reproduzem as diferenças entre os estratos, mas sim aqueles que geram maior desempenho relativo entre os estudantes com menos recursos. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise comparativa dos resultados do teste PISA de 2018 por meio de modelos estatísticos multivariados. Essa análise mostrou que determinados fatores, como a empatia docente, a motivação e perseverança estudantil ou as modalidades de estudo, estão associados ao desempenho. Mas também mostrou que a magnitude da associação varia de acordo com o contexto. Esses resultados contribuem para a elaboração de políticas educacionais que buscam aumentar o desempenho em estratos desfavorecidos, indicando algumas condições que podem favorecê-lo, mas também alertando sobre as dificuldades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de forma acrítica

Abstract: Since the 1960s, a vast array of studies has questioned the ability of schools to equalize learning levels among students from different social backgrounds. Despite various programs and policies aimed at reducing these disparities, research in diverse contexts has repeatedly found that not only do these differences persist, but they are also reproduced within the school system. This article approaches the issue from a slightly different perspective: its objective is to identify practices and attitudes of students and teachers that are associated with differences in school performance among students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds in Brazil and Argentina. The focus is not on understanding the mechanisms that perpetuate differences between social strata, but rather on identifying those that lead to higher relative achievements among students with fewer resources. A comparative analysis of the 2018 PISA test results was conducted using multivariate statistical models. This analysis revealed that certain factors, such as teacher empathy, student motivation and perseverance, and study methods, are associated with academic performance. However, it also showed that the strength of these associations varies depending on the context. These findings contribute to the design of educational policies aimed at improving performance in disadvantaged groups by highlighting conditions that may foster better outcomes, while also cautioning against uncritically extrapolating results across different contexts

Resumen: Desde la década de 1960 en adelante una extensa serie de estudios ha puesto en duda la capacidad de la escuela para igualar los niveles de aprendizaje entre estudiantes de distinto origen social. Pese a la diversidad de programas y políticas que han buscado igualar las diferencias, distintas investigaciones en diversos contextos han encontrado una y otra vez que las diferencias no solo persisten, sino que se reproducen en la escuela. En este artículo se aborda el problema desde una óptica ligeramente diferente: su objetivo es identificar prácticas y actitudes de estudiantes y docentes asociadas a las diferencias de desempeño escolar entre estudiantes de menor nivel económico social en Brasil y Argentina. No se busca comprender los mecanismos que reproducen las diferencias entre estratos, sino aquellos que generan mayores logros relativos en los estudiantes con menos recursos. Se realizó para ello un análisis comparativo de los resultados de las pruebas PISA del 2018 mediante modelos estadísticos multivariados. Este análisis mostró que ciertos factores, como la empatía docente, la motivación y perseverancia estudiantil o las modalidades de estudio se asocian al desempeño. Pero también evidenció que la magnitud de la asociación varía con el contexto. Estos resultados aportan al diseño de políticas educativas que procuren incrementar el desempeño en estratos desfavorecidos, al indicar algunas condiciones que pueden favorecerlo, pero advirtiendo también sobre las dificultades de extrapolar resultados entre contextos de manera acrítica

ABSTRACT: This research focuses on the detailed analysis of Con mi corazón en Yambo (2011), an emblematic documentary of Ecuadorian cinema, with the purpose of understanding how visual, sound, graphic, syntactic and political cinematographic codes intertwine to transmit meanings. and build narratives. An exhaustive analysis of selected sequences from the documentary was carried out, allowing a classification of the montage according to its type and modality. The approaches of Francesco Casetti and Federico Di Chio, as well as Sergei Eisenstein, together with a comparative analysis based on an interview with the filmmaker who produced the documentary, allowed us to completely unravel its structure. This approach not only explores the influence of these elements on cultural representation, aesthetics and communication in Ecuadorian documentary film, but also reveals the artistic richness, cultural message and narrative uniqueness of this film. Thus, a deeper and more detailed understanding of documentary cinema in Ecuador is offered.

RESUMEN: Esta investigación se centra en el análisis detallado de Con mi corazón en Yambo (2011), un documental emblemático del cine ecuatoriano, con el propósito de comprender cómo los códigos cinematográficos visuales, sonoros, gráficos, sintácticos y políticos se entrelazan para transmitir significados y construir narrativas. Se realizó un análisis exhaustivo de secuencias seleccionadas del documental, permitiendo una clasificación del montaje según su tipo y modalidad. Los enfoques de Francesco Casetti y Federico Di Chio, así como de Sergei Eisenstein, junto con un análisis comparativo basado en una entrevista a la cineasta productora del documental, nos permitieron desentrañar por completo su estructura. Este enfoque no solo explora la influencia de estos elementos en la representación cultural, la estética y la comunicación en el cine documental ecuatoriano, sino que también revela la riqueza artística, el mensaje cultural y la singularidad narrativa de esta película. Con ello, se ofrece una comprensión más profunda y detallada del cine documental en Ecuador.