Resumo A expansão desordenada das cidades é um desafio global que afeta o desenvolvimento urbano. Neste estudo, é analisado o crescimento urbano em uma cidade média durante cinco décadas, com enfoque na forma urbana e aplicação de mais de 20 métricas espaciais associadas à mensuração da geometria da expansão físico-territorial no ambiente construído. Os padrões de crescimento são analisados à luz do fenômeno espraiamento urbano e sob a perspectiva da teoria de Difusão-Coalescência. São discutidas as limitações inerentes às métricas existentes, assim como elencadas alternativas que as superam por mensuração das propriedades de Compacidade, Fragmentação, Complexidade e Dispersão concomitantemente. Os resultados demonstraram a ocorrência de fases distintas no crescimento urbano ao longo das décadas: Difusão de uma forma inicialmente compacta em partes menores nas periferias; e Transição para crescimento com agrupamento dessas partes, elevando a compacidade. Essa oscilação sugere aderência à teoria da Difusão-Coalescência, com ocorrência de espraiamento urbano (entre 1966 e 1976) seguida de aumento da compacidade nas décadas subsequentes (1976-2006). Após 2006 os resultados são ambíguos, possivelmente associados a fatores intervenientes de planejamento. A discussão dos resultados destaca a relevância da quantificação do crescimento urbano por meio de métricas, e traz conceitos importantes atualmente limitados à literatura internacional. estudo 2 físicoterritorial físico territorial construído DifusãoCoalescência. DifusãoCoalescência Coalescência. Coalescência Difusão-Coalescência existentes Compacidade Fragmentação concomitantemente periferias DifusãoCoalescência, Coalescência, entre 196 1976 19762006. 19762006 . (1976-2006) 200 ambíguos planejamento internacional 19 197 1976200 (1976-2006 1 197620 (1976-200 19762 (1976-20 (1976-2 (1976- (1976 (197 (19 (1 (

Abstract The disorderly expansion of cities is a global challenge that impacts urban development. In this paper, we analyse the urban growth in a medium-sized city over five decades, focusing on urban form and employing more than 20 spatial metrics associated with the geometry of physical-territorial expansion in the built environment. We examine the growth patterns in the context of the urban sprawl phenomenon and the Diffusion-Coalescence theory perspective. We discuss the inherent limitations of existing metrics and raise alternatives that simultaneously address the properties of Compactness, Fragmentation, Complexity, and Dispersion. The results reveal distinct phases in urban growth over the decades, from diffusion of an initially compact form into smaller parts on the periphery; to a transition towards more compact growth. This oscillation suggests adherence to the Diffusion-Coalescence theory, with urban sprawl occurring between 1966 and 1976, followed by increased compactness in subsequent decades (1976-2006). After 2006, the results became ambiguous, possibly due to intervening planning factors. The discussion of the findings underscores the importance of quantifying urban growth using metrics and introduces concepts that have been hitherto limited to international literature. development paper mediumsized medium sized 2 physicalterritorial physical territorial environment DiffusionCoalescence Diffusion Coalescence perspective Compactness Fragmentation Complexity Dispersion periphery 196 1976 19762006. 19762006 2006 . (1976-2006) ambiguous factors literature 19 197 1976200 200 (1976-2006 1 197620 (1976-200 19762 (1976-20 (1976-2 (1976- (1976 (197 (19 (1 (

ABSTRACT The city of Bahía Blanca, located in the southwest of the province of Buenos Aires, has sustained for several decades a strong process of territorial expansion towards urban peripheral sectors. The use of land in the east and southeast of the city is currently manifested as an important element in the urban structure, sometimes without an adequate geotechnical study to know their response to the loads they can bear when used as physical support for engineering structures. With the aim of characterizing and classifying the soils of the outcropping and subsoil units of the sector, standardized in situ tests were carried out: resistance to penetration to estimate the compactness of the soil in its natural state and density of the soil in situ by the cone of sand method. In the laboratory, the granulometry determination method was applied by wet sieving and the Atterberg limits were determined. Based on the established parameters, the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) was carried out. The preliminary studies carried out allowed us to define that, in the study area, the soils vary in depth from fine soils, clays of medium to high plasticity and silts of low plasticity, which grade to clayey sands / silty sands. The soils studied are mainly made up of: soils type CH and Cl on the surface that grade to SC and

RESUMEN La ciudad de Bahía Blanca, ubicada en el sudoeste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, sostiene desde hace varias décadas un fuerte proceso de expansión territorial hacia sectores periféricos urbanos. El uso de las tierras en el este y sudeste de la ciudad, se manifiesta actualmente como un elemento importante en la estructura urbana, en ocasiones sin un adecuado estudio geotécnico para estudiar su respuesta ante las cargas que puedan soportar cuando son utilizados como soporte físico de estructuras ingenieriles. Con el objetivo de caracterizar y clasificar los suelos de las unidades aflorantes y del subsuelo del sector, se realizaron ensayos normalizados in situ: resistencia a la penetración para estimar la compacidad del suelo en estado natural y densidad del suelo in situ por el método de cono de arena. En laboratorio se aplicó método de determinación de la granulometría mediante tamizado por vía húmeda y se determinaron los límites de Atterberg. En función a los parámetros establecidos se realizó la Clasificación Unificada de Suelos (Unified Soil Classification System, USCS). Los estudios preliminares realizados permitieron definir que, en el área de estudio los suelos varían en profundidad desde suelos finos, arcillas de plasticidad media a alta y limos de baja plasticidad, que gradan a arenas arcillosas / arenas limosas. Los suelos estudiados están constituidos principalmente por: suelos tipo CH y Cl en superficie que gradan a SC y SM.

Abstract This paper focused on the design and practical implementation of a compact arrowhead slot Super Wide Band (SWB) antenna on a semi-flexible substrate for a wide range of applications. A tapered feed circular monopole antenna with an arrowhead-shaped slot structure is designed on RT/Duroid substrate with a compact physical dimension of 22 × 28 × 0.508 mm3. The impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna is 95.93 GHz (3.1-99.17 GHz) with a peak gain of 6.91 dBi. The proposed antenna has a fractional bandwidth of 187% with a high Bandwidth Dimension Ratio (BDR) of 3049 which makes the proposed antenna suitable for a wide range of applications. The proposed antenna compactness is theoretically verified with the help of the fundamental dimension limit theorem. For wearable IoT applications compactness, conformal and bending capabilities of materials are essential and hence the proposed antenna is also tested under different bending conditions and achieved a minor effect on the antenna performance. Further in order to observe the signal correlation, the time domain analysis using similar antennas in face-to-face and side-to-side scenarios has been also analyzed. The simulated results of the proposed antenna exhibit good agreement with the experimental results of the prototype model antenna. SWB (SWB semiflexible semi flexible arrowheadshaped shaped RTDuroid RT Duroid 2 0508 0 508 0.50 mm3 mm 9593 95 93 95.9 3.199.17 319917 3.1 99.17 3 1 99 17 (3.1-99.1 691 6 91 6.9 dBi 187 BDR (BDR 304 theorem performance correlation facetoface face sidetoside side analyzed 050 50 0.5 959 9 95. 199 3.199.1 31991 31 3. 9917 99.1 (3.1-99. 69 6. 18 30 05 5 0. 19 3.199. 3199 991 99. (3.1-99 3.199 319 (3.1-9 3.19 (3.1- (3.1 (3. (3 (

Abstract The effect of graphene oxide (GO) on the concrete quality and the corrosion resistance of carbon steel reinforcement was evaluated. The concrete mix was calculated at a ratio of 1: 1.86: 2.14: 0.46 (cement: sand: gravel: water); the dosages of GO were 0.03 wt.% and 0.05 wt.% and the superplasticizer (PC) concentration was 0.6 wt.% concerning the cement mass. Compressive strength tests (7, 28, and 91 days), water absorption tests, determination of voids index (WATIDVI), ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) testing, and optical microscopy analysis were carried out. All concrete samples showed excellent compactness and low porosity. Open circuit potential measurements and linear polarization resistance (LPR) were performed during 15 cycles of partial immersion and drying of concrete in a 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. A beneficial effect of 0.03 wt.% of GO addition on the corrosion resistance of the reinforced concrete was identified in the saline medium and the corrosion inhibition efficiency obtained was 79.3%. (GO evaluated 1 1.86 186 86 2.14 214 2 14 046 0 46 0.4 (cement sand gravel water) 003 03 0.0 wt wt. 005 05 PC (PC 06 6 0. mass 7, 7 (7 28 9 days, days , days) WATIDVI, WATIDVI (WATIDVI) UPV (UPV testing out porosity LPR (LPR 35 3 5 3. solution 793 79 79.3% 1.8 18 8 2.1 21 04 4 00 ( (WATIDVI 79.3 1. 2. 79.

ABSTRACT In this article, we study the existence and uniqueness of a global weak solution for the degenerate nonlinear variational inequality K x , t u " + Δ 2 u + M u 2 - Δ u + u ' ≥ f u 0 = u 0 u ' 0 = u 1 u ⌊ Σ = ∂ u ∂ η ⌊ Σ = 0 where K(x, t) is a function defined on Q = Ω × ] 0 , T [ , K ( x , t ) ≥ 0 para todo ( x , t ) ∈ Q, M a continuous real function with specific properties and f belongs to the class of functions L 2 0 , T ; H 0 1 ( Ω ). We will use the Faedo-Galerkin method, monotone operator and Compactness to prove the existence and uniqueness of weak solutions. article Kx, Kx x, K(x . FaedoGalerkin Faedo Galerkin method solutions

RESUMO Estudamos neste artigo existência e unicidade de solução fraca global para a inequação variacional não linear degenerada K x , t u " + Δ 2 u + M u 2 - Δ u + u ' ≥ f u 0 = u 0 u ' 0 = u 1 u ⌊ Σ = ∂ u ∂ η ⌊ Σ = 0 em que K(x, t) é uma função definida em Q = Ω × ] 0 , T [ , K ( x , t ) ≥ 0 para todo ( x , t ) ∈ Q, M uma função real contínua com propriedades específicas e f pertence a classe de funções L 2 0 , T ; H 0 1 ( Ω ). Usaremos o Método de Faedo-Galerkin, operador monótono e Compacidade para provar a existência e a unicidade de soluções fracas. Kx, Kx x, K(x . FaedoGalerkin, FaedoGalerkin Faedo Galerkin, Galerkin Faedo-Galerkin fracas

Abstract This study, a novel exploration into the interaction of zinc oxide (ZnO) and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in yogurt, aims to analyse the morphology and consumer acceptance by organoleptic test effects through yogurt, yogurt probiotics, and yogurt mixtures containing zinc oxide (ZnO). The Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) were used to analyse the morphology and functional group of the samples. Four samples were prepared: A) yogurt; B) yogurt + ZnO; C) yogurt + probiotics; D) yogurt + probiotics + ZnO. The addition of ZnO to the yogurt structure increased the compactness and homogeneity of the structure, according to microscopic visual inspection (yogurt B and D). The addition of ZnO did not affect the functional group of the yogurt. Importantly, the organoleptic testing, which includes hedonic and hedonic tests carried out by semi-trained panelists, resulted in overwhelmingly positive responses to the product, indicating its potential for consumer acceptance. study (ZnO LAB (LAB . MicroscopyEnergy Microscopy Energy XRay X Ray SEMEDX SEM EDX (SEM-EDX FTIR (FTIR prepared A C D D. Importantly testing semitrained semi trained panelists product

Resumen El particionamiento sobre datos geográficos es de gran utilidad para resolver problemas relacionados con diseño territorial. Para instancias de tamaño pequeño, este problema incluso es resuelto por métodos exactos en un tiempo de respuesta aceptable. Sin embargo, para instancias de tamaño grande y debido a la naturaleza combinatoria de este problema, la complejidad computacional aumenta y el uso de métodos de aproximación se ha hecho necesario. Un caso en particular de este tipo de problemas que ha tenido nuestra atención en los últimos a˜nos es el agrupamiento por particiones para AGEBS (áreas geoestadísticas básicas). Algunos trabajos relacionados se han desarrollado para resolver la formación de grupos compactos de AGEBS, pero la incorporación de restricciones adicionales ha sido poco tratada. Un problema interesante de aplicación muy demandado, es la extensión del agrupamiento compacto para construir grupos bajo el criterio de homogeneidad y/o balanceo en el número de objetos que componen los grupos. Este problema se traduce en un problema multiobjetivo, el cual debe lidiar con dos objetivos para conseguir un compromiso entre ambos. Este trabajo presenta un modelo de programación matemática multiobjetivo y su asociada implementación para lograr el equilibrio entre compacidad y homogeneidad en la cardinalidad de objetos. La metaheurística incorporada a este problema de agrupamiento territorial multiobjetivo ha sido búsqueda tabú.

Abstract Clustering spatial-geographic units, zones or areas is employed to solve problems related to territorial design. The clustering adapts to the definition of territorial design of a particular problem, which demands spatial data processing under clustering schemes with topological requirements in the zones. For small instances, when geographical compactness is attended as an objective function, this problem is solved by exact methods in an aceptable response time. However, for bigger instances and due to the combinatory nature of this problem, the computational complexity increases and the employment of approximated methods becomes a necessity, in such a way that when the geographical compactness was the only cost function, a couple of approximated methods were implemented, giving satisfactory results. A particular case of this kind of problems that has our attention in recent years is the classification of AGEBS (basic geographical units by its initials in Spanish) through partitions. Some works were made related to the formation of compact groups of AGEBS, but additional restrictions were not often considered. A very interesting and demanded application problem is extending the compact clustering to form groups under a homogeneity criterion to balance the number of objects in every group. This problem implies a multiobjective approach that has to tackle two objectives to attain a balance between the two. This work presents a mathematical model and the resulting implementation to achieve the equilibrium between compactness and homogeneity in the number of objects. The metaheuristic incorporated to this multiobjective clustering problem is tabu search.

ABSTRACT Desmodium incanum (Sw.) DC, is a species of good forage quality characterized by the presence of seeds with different levels of physical dormancy. The aim of this work was to investigate the morphological, anatomical and chemical characteristics of the seminal integuments associated with the levels of physical dormancy. We analyzed seminal integuments that presented different levels of dormancy, classifying them from highest to lowest speed of hydration in degrees of permeability 1, 2 and 3. The seeds were harvested between 2017 and 2020 in areas located in the province of Entre Ríos (Argentina). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy techniques were used to morphoanatomical analyses of seed integuments. The chemical components were determined using to Van Soest methods to calculate the percentages of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and cutin of the cell wall and cell contents. The determination of total polyphenols was carried out using the Folin-Denis technique whereas the vanillin method was used for condensed tannins. The results show that the semi- nal integuments with greater impermeability to water presented differences in the ornamentation pattern, palisade macrosclereids with greater cellular compactness, changes in the arrangement in the lens zone and greater thickness of the cell wall. The osteosclereids presented similar lengths and widths. Differences were detected in the amounts of tannins (1.6 and 2.3%), pectic substances (9.7 and 15.1%), cellulose (30.9 and 53.5%) hemicelluloses (46.2 and 23.5%) and lignin (0.4 y 0.5 %) for grade 1 and grade 2 and 3 samples respectively. This study showed differences in both the morphoanatomical features and the proportions of the chemical components within the seminal integument as a function of the level of water permeability, aspects that are associated with depth of physical dormancy.

RESUMEN Desmodium incanum (Sw.) DC., es una especie de buena calidad forrajera que se caracteriza por la presencia de semillas con diferentes niveles de dormición física. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue conocer las características morfoanatómicas y químicas de los tegumentos seminales asociadas a los niveles de dormición física. Se trabajó con tegumentos de semillas que presentaron diferentes niveles de dormición, clasificándolas de mayor a menor velocidad de hidratación en grados de permeabili- dad 1, 2 y 3. Las semillas se cosecharon entre los años 2017 y 2020 en áreas situadas en la provincia de Entre Ríos (Argentina). Para el análisis morfoanatómico de los tegumentos de semillas se utilizaron técnicas de microscopía electrónica de barrido y de transmisión. La determinación de los componentes químicos se realizó según el método de Van Soest para calcular los porcentajes de celulosa, hemicelulosa, lignina, cutina de la pared celular y de contenidos celulares. La determinación de polifenoles totales se realizó utilizando la técnica de Folin-Denis; para taninos condensados se utilizó el método de la vainillina. Los resultados muestran que los tegumentos seminales con mayor impermeabilidad al agua presentaron diferencias en el patrón de ornamentación, macroesclereidas en empalizada con mayor compactación celular, cambios en la disposición en la zona de la lente y mayor grosor de la pared celular. Las osteoesclereidas presentaron un largo y ancho similar. Se detectaron diferencias en las cantidades de taninos (1,6 y 2,3%), sustancias pécticas (9,7 y 15,1%), celulosa (30,9 y 53,5%), hemicelulosa (46,2 y 23,5%) y lignina (0,4 y 0,5%) para el grado 1 y muestras grado 2 y 3 respectivamente. El trabajo evidenció diferencias morfoana- tómicas y en las proporciones de las sustancias químicas del tegumento seminal en función del nivel de permeabilidad al agua, aspectos que se asocian a la profundidad de la dormición física.

Abstract In this article, a novel Compact Circularly Polarized Antenna with a notched circular Electromagnetic Band Gap (NCEBG) structure is put forward. This proposed structure comprises of a truncated rectangular patch antenna having its ground plane defected by slots etched on it to achieve compactness and wide impedance bandwidth. Electromagnetic Band Gap structures have the attractive feature of in-phase reflection and stopband creation for surface waves, enabling the surface waves to be suppressed; this, in turn, leads to enhanced performance of the antenna when loaded with such structures. For enhancing the functioning of the antenna with regard to its impedance bandwidth, axial ratio bandwidth and gain, seven NCEBG's are etched on the substrate which surrounds the truncated patch. Additionally, the antenna proposed in this research exhibits compactness with a low profile of 0.473 λo x 0.473 λo x 0.039 λo (λo at center frequency of 7.46GHz represents free space wavelength). The measured outcomes of the prototype-fabricated antenna match well with the results of the simulation, showing 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth of 13.66% and an impedance bandwidth of 73.29% having a peak gain of 7.32dBi in the operating band. The improved functioning of the proposed antenna marks it as a favorable applicant for wireless communication techniques and thus finding its application in various ways. article NCEBG (NCEBG forward inphase phase suppressed turn NCEBGs s Additionally 0473 0 473 0.47 0039 039 0.03 746GHz GHz 7 46GHz wavelength. wavelength . wavelength) prototypefabricated prototype fabricated simulation 3dB dB 3 1366 13 66 13.66 7329 73 29 73.29 732dBi dBi 32dBi band ways 047 47 0.4 003 03 0.0 136 1 6 13.6 732 2 73.2 04 4 0. 00 13. 73.

RESUMEN. El texto, resultante de estudios teóricos realizados a la luz de la Psicología Histórico-Cultural entre 2016 y 2020, tiene como objetivo recuperar la revolución tecnológica como un recurso para comprender la constitución de los sujetos contemporáneos, a partir de la máquina de vapor de la Primera Revolución Industrial, empleada en los medios de producción, hasta el smartphone, utilizado en la vida cotidiana. El smartphone tiene niveles tan altos de compacidad, portabilidad y operabilidad que se ha convertido en una de las tecnologías más avanzadas de la historia, revelando el alto grado de desarrollo de la psique alcanzado por la humanidad. Él, más que otras tecnologías digitales de información y comunicación, ha impactado notablemente la constitución de los sujetos contemporáneos, especialmente sus funciones psicológicas cognitivas. Los resultados demuestran que recuperar dialécticamente el camino histórico de las creaciones tecnológicas es esencial para la psicología, lo que permite ampliar el espectro de análisis de cómo se constituyen los sujetos en la actualidad. Concluye que la revolución microtecnológica debe tomarse desde una perspectiva crítica y ética, para todo lo que pueda afectar las relaciones entre los sujetos y el desarrollo de sus procesos psíquicos. RESUMEN texto HistóricoCultural Histórico Cultural 201 2020 contemporáneos Industrial producción cotidiana compacidad historia humanidad Él comunicación cognitivas psicología actualidad ética psíquicos 20 202 2

ABSTRACT. The text, resulting from theoretical studies undertaken in the light of Historical-Cultural Psychology between 2016 and 2020, aims to recover the technological revolution as a resource for understanding the constitution of contemporary subjects, starting from the steam engine of the First Industrial Revolution, used in the means of production, even the smartphone, used in everyday life. The smartphone has such high levels of compactness, portability and operability that it has become one of the most advanced technologies in history, revealing the high degree of development of the psyche achieved by mankind. It, more than other digital information and communication technologies, has impacted notably on the constitution of contemporary subjects, especially on their cognitive psychological functions. The results demonstrate that recovering dialectically the historical path of technological creations is essential to Psychology, allowing to expand the spectrum of analysis of how subjects are constituted today. It concludes that the microtechnological revolution must be taken under a critical and ethical bias, due to everything that can impact on the relationships between the subjects and the development of their psychic processes. ABSTRACT text HistoricalCultural Historical Cultural 201 2020 Revolution production life compactness history mankind functions today bias processes 20 202 2

RESUMO. O texto, resultante de estudos teóricos empreendidos à luz da Psicologia Histórico-Cultural entre 2016 e 2020, tem como objetivo recuperar a revolução tecnológica como um recurso para a compreensão da constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos, partindo da máquina a vapor da Primeira Revolução Industrial, empregada nos meios de produção, até o smartphone, empregado na cotidianidade. O smartphone possui níveis tão altos de compactação, portabilidade e operacionalidade que o tornaram uma das mais avançadas tecnologias da história, revelando o elevado grau de desenvolvimento do psiquismo alcançado pelo gênero humano. Ele, mais do que outras tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação (TDICs), tem impactado notadamente a constituição dos sujeitos contemporâneos, especialmente suas funções psicológicas cognitivas. Os resultados demonstram que recuperar dialeticamente o percurso histórico das criações tecnológicas é essencial à psicologia, permitindo ampliar o espectro de análise de como os sujeitos se constituem na atualidade. Conclui-se que a revolução microtecnológica deve ser tomada sob um viés crítico e ético, por tudo o que pode impactar nas relações entre os sujeitos e no desenvolvimento dos seus processos psíquicos. RESUMO texto HistóricoCultural Histórico Cultural 201 2020 contemporâneos Industrial produção cotidianidade compactação história humano Ele TDICs, TDICs , (TDICs) cognitivas psicologia atualidade Concluise Conclui ético psíquicos 20 202 (TDICs 2

ABSTRACT Clay soil results in higher crop yield and quality than sandy soil. However, irrigation causes clay soil to slump easily, increasing compactness and decreasing soil oxygen content. This study investigated the effects of dry seeding and wet emergence on the soil microenvironment and cotton growth promotion in Xinjiang silt loam fields. The experimental design included three aerated and three non-aerated treatments. The results showed that aerated irrigation decreased dry density of the 0–20 cm soil layer to different degrees, the field capacity increased to different degrees, and the dry density and field capacity of the 20-30 cm soil layer did not change among the different treatments. The dry density and field capacity of WP2 treatment changed the most, the dry density of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm soil layer were respectively 1.28 g cm-3 and 1.27 g cm-3, and the field capacity were respectively 35.23% and 35.7%. Under the same irrigation quota, the soil water content of the aerated treatments was lower than that of the non-aerated treatments. Aerated irrigation inhibited the horizontal diffusion of water and facilitated downward water transport. The WP2 treatment had the highest peak soil temperature at depths of 10 and 20 cm, and the WP2 treatment had the highest numbers of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, urease, and catalase activities, seedling emergence, primary root length, plant height, and stem thickness. However easily fields nonaerated non 020 0 0–2 degrees 2030 30 20-3 WP most 010 0-1 1020 10-2 128 1 28 1.2 cm3 3 cm- 127 27 cm3, 3, 3523 35 23 35.23 357 7 35.7% quota transport 2 bacteria fungi actinomycetes urease activities length height thickness 02 0– 203 20- 01 0- 102 10- 12 1. 352 35.2 35.7 35.

ABSTRACT The intercropping of corn with forage grasses increases soil cover and may improve soil structural quality. The objective of the study was to evaluate the soil structural properties and the development of second-crop corn intercropping with forage grasses under no-tillage system. The experiment was carried out in an area of Sítio Santo Antônio, located in the municipality of Borrazópolis, Paraná state, Brazil, on a Red Latosol with a very clayey texture. The experiment consisted of five treatments: corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu (T1), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Piatã (T2), corn + Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés (T3), corn + Urochloa ruziziensis (T4), and non-intercropping corn (T5). In the corn crop, the following characteristics were evaluated: plant height, first ear in insertion height, stem diameter, corn yield, dry mass of corn straw mulch, dry mass of grasses shoots and dry mass of grasses root. Dry mass of the aerial part and roots of the grasses were evaluated. In the 0–0.10 and 0.10–0.20-m soil depth, soil physical properties were also determined: tensile strength and friability, stability of aggregates, bulk density and total porosity, and degree of compactness. The treatments of corn in intercropping with grasses showed positive results regarding the stability of aggregates, reduction of bulk density and increase of total porosity in the 0–0.10-m soil depth. The intercropping of corn + U. ruziziensis showed the lowest values of degree of compactness and higher production of dry mass of the aerial part. quality secondcrop second crop notillage no tillage system Antônio Borrazópolis state Brazil texture cv T1, T1 T , (T1) T2, T2 (T2) T3, T3 (T3) T4, T4 (T4) nonintercropping non T5. T5 . (T5) evaluated height diameter yield mulch root 0010 0 10 0–0.1 0.10–0.20m 010020m m 0.10–0.20 20 depth determined friability aggregates 0–0.10m 0010m U (T1 (T2 (T3 (T4 (T5 001 1 0–0. 20m 010020 0.10–0.2 2 10m (T 00 0–0 01002 0.10–0. 0– 0100 0.10–0 010 0.10– 01 0.10 0.1 0.

Abstract The objective of this work was to compare the zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês crossbred lambs finished in grazing systems on Megathyrsus maximus Aruana cultivar pasture, with and without shading, and in a feedlot. Twenty-four non-castrated lambs were used in a completely randomized experimental design, with the three following treatments with eight replicates each: 'Aruana' pasture without shading + supplement; 'Aruana' pasture with shading + supplement; and feedlot, with diet containing ryegrass hay and concentrate at a 20:80 ratio. The treatments did not influence lamb age at slaughter, birth weight, leg compactness, true yield, and main cut yield, except that of breast tip + flank that was lower for the pasture with shading. However, average daily gain, body condition score, live weight at slaughter, carcass compactness index, cold carcass and empty body weights, and cold carcass yield differed between treatments, showing higher values in the feedlot. Termination in the feedlot increases the zootechnical performance of Dorper x Santa Inês sheep and favors a lower age at slaughter, as well as a greater weight of the main commercial cuts, but not their yield. Twentyfour Twenty four noncastrated non castrated design each 'Aruana supplement 2080 20 80 20:8 ratio slaughter However gain score index weights cuts 208 2 8 20:

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar o desempenho zootécnico de cordeiros mestiços Dorper x Santa Inês terminados em sistemas de pastejo sobre pastagem de Megathyrsus maximus cultivar Aruana, com e sem sombreamento, e em confinamento. Utilizaram-se 24 cordeiros não castrados em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os três seguintes tratamentos, com oito repetições cada um: pastagem de 'Aruana' sem sombreamento + suplemento; pastagem de 'Aruana' com sombreamento + suplemento; e confinamento, com dieta contendo feno de azevém e concentrado na proporção de 20:80. Os tratamentos não influenciaram a idade dos cordeiros até ao abate, o peso ao nascer, a compacidade da perna, o rendimento verdadeiro e o rendimento dos cortes principais, exceto o da ponta do peito + flanco que foi menor na pastagem com sombreamento. Entretanto, o ganho médio diário, o escore de condição corporal, o peso vivo ao abate, o índice de compacidade da carcaça, os pesos da carcaça fria e do corpo vazio, e o rendimento de carcaça fria diferiram entre os tratamentos, com valores superiores no confinamento. A terminação em confinamento aumenta o desempenho zootécnico de ovinos Dorper x Santa Inês e favorece a menor idade ao abate, bem como o maior peso dos principais cortes comerciais, mas não o seu rendimento. Aruana Utilizaramse Utilizaram se 2 casualizado um 'Aruana suplemento 2080. 2080 20 80. 80 20:80 abate nascer perna Entretanto diário corporal vazio comerciais 208 8 20:8 20:

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different levels of concentrate supplementation on carcass characteristics of heifers finished on Tifton 85 pasture. Thirty-two cross-breed heifers (Charolais and Nellore) on average aged 25.51 months and weighing 298 kg were used in a completely randomized experiment. The animals were distributed uniformly to receive four different levels of concentrates based on the body weight: 0.0; 0.4; 0.8 and 1.2%. Animals were slaughtered at 29 months of age. There was increasing linear effect of levels energy supplementation on: slaughter weight, hot and cold carcass weights,hot and cold dressing percentage, thigh thickness, carcass compactness, and L* and b* color values. It was observed quadratic effect of levels of energy supplementation on the percentage of fat in the carcass. Different levels of energy supplementation did not modify the accumulation of vital organs and visceral fat or the sensory attributes of the meat. Higher levels of energy supplementation promote increases in carcass traits of heifers when finished on Tifton 85 pasture. 8 pasture Thirtytwo Thirty two crossbreed cross breed Charolais Nellore 2551 25 51 25.5 experiment weight 0.0 00 0 0.4 04 4 08 0. 12 1 2 1.2% age weightshot weights thickness compactness L b values meat 255 5 25. 1.2 1.

RESUMO: A desidratação osmótica (DO) é uma técnica utilizada para remover parcialmente a água dos alimentos, incluindo frutas e vegetais, com vistas a produção de alimentos secos. O processo consiste em colocar o material em uma solução hipertônica por várias horas e deixar a água passar do compartimento celular para a solução por osmose. A DO é influenciada por vários fatores como a concentração e composição da solução osmótica, a temperatura da solução, o tipo de agitação e o tempo de exposição, assim como o tamanho, forma e compactação do material alimentar. As principais vantagens da DO em relação aos processos de secagem convencionais são que ela dá origem a produtos secos de qualidade superior e minimiza o encolhimento. Nos últimos anos, tem-se investigado a combinação da DO com outras tecnologias, tais como ultrassom, congelamento criogênico com nitrogênio líquido, campo elétrico pulsado, radiação gama e alta pressão hidrostática. A aplicação desses métodos antes ou simultaneamente com a DO acelera a transferência de massa e reduz a taxa de secagem de frutas e vegetais através do aumento da permeabilidade das membranas celulares. Assim, os processos combinados tendem a ser mais eficientes e econômicos do que a DO convencional, pois reduzem o tempo de operação e, consequentemente, o consumo de energia. Adicionalmente, os produtos desidratados gerados através de processos associados geralmente apresentam melhores características nutricionais e físico-químicas. Esta revisão sumariza os princípios básicos e aplicações da DO em combinação com outros métodos, com ênfase especial dada à produção de frutas secas.

ABSTRACT: Osmotic dehydration (OD) is a technique used for the partial removal of water from foodstuff, including fruit and vegetables, with the aim of producing a desiccated product. The process involves placing the material in a hypertonic solution for several hours and allowing water to move from the cell compartment into the solution by osmosis. OD is influenced by various factors such as the concentration and composition of the osmotic solution, the solution temperature, the type of agitation and the time of exposure, as well as the size, shape and compactness of the food material. The main advantages of OD over conventional drying processes are the superior quality of the dried products and the minimization of shrinkage. In recent years, research effort has focused on the combination of OD with other technologies, such as ultrasound, cryogenic freezing with liquid nitrogen, pulsed electric field, gamma radiation and high hydrostatic pressure. The application of these methods prior to or concomitant with OD accelerates mass transfer and reduces the drying rate of fruit and vegetables by increasing the permeability of cell membranes. In this manner, combined processes tend to be more efficient and economical in comparison with conventional OD because they reduce operating times and; consequently, energy consumption. In addition, the dried products generated by such coupled processes typically exhibit improved nutritional and physicochemical characteristics. This review summarizes the basic principles and applications of OD in combination with other methods, with particular emphasis on the production of dried fruits.