ABSTRACT The objective of the article is to present the results of the application of a methodology to develop the treatment of the understanding of messages with non-verbal signs in the educational process of the computer activities in a sample of children of the preschool degree. The study is of prospective, transectional, observational, descriptive and explanatory type, from a quanti-qualitative focus, based on a pre-experimental design, with pre-test and post-test. As technical of gathering information there was used the observation of the computer activities and as mensuration instrument were applied two pedagogic tests. The prosecution of the information was developed through the non-parametric statistic of the ranges with sign of Wilcoxon, using the statistical package SPSS 24 for Windows. The data obtained in the experiment evidence significant results in the development of the communication, in favor of the post-test and of the High and Half categories, from the activities, exercises and tasks executed in computing independent activities, because the children achieve the identification of the icons, indications and symbols, the determination of the meaning and their interpretation, according to the context where the message is presented, as well as its manifestation through the verbal language.

RESUMEN El objetivo del artículo es presentar los resultados de la aplicación de una metodología para desarrollar el tratamiento de la comprensión de mensajes con signos no verbales en el proceso educativo de las actividades informáticas en una muestra de niños y niñas del grado prescolar. El estudio es de tipo prospectivo, transeccional, observacional, descriptivo y explicativo, desde un enfoque cuanti-cualitativo, fundamentado en un diseño preexperimental, con pretest y postest. Como técnicas de recolección de información fueron empleadas, la observación de las actividades informáticas y como instrumento de medición fueron aplicados dos test pedagógicos. El procesamiento de la información fue desarrollado a través de la prueba estadística no paramétrica de los rangos con signo de Wilcoxon, empleando el paquete estadístico SPSS 24 para Windows. Los datos obtenidos en el experimento evidencian resultados significativos en el desarrollo de la comunicación, a favor del postest y de las categorías Alto y Medio, desde las actividades, ejercicios y tareas ejecutadas en la actividad independiente de informática, pues los niños logran la identificación de los iconos, indicios y símbolos, la determinación del significado y su interpretación, de acuerdo al contexto en que se presenta el mensaje, así como su manifestación a través del lenguaje verbal.

Effective communication is a sought-after non-technical skill in the health, safety, and environmental (HSE) function and is fundamental in achieving an organization's safety objectives. While different channels are used to communicate HSE matters, many organizations employ posters, videos, and/ or signs containing images to convey information. Communication through signage and graphical hazard symbols has been regulated in standards, but vast sections of HSE communication are bespoke communications and exist outside the sphere of standards. Effective HSE communication through images requires an understanding of the organizational culture in which the images will be used, as well as an understanding of the semiotics of the images themselves. Creative interpretation within HSE communication can create situations where the message that was received is not the message that was intended, leading to confusion and misinterpretation. This paper is aimed at elucidating the semiotics of South African HSE visual content. It was found that the indexical mode of images was most preferred in visual communication, and text-only designs the least preferred. Senders and receivers of messages differ in their opinions on the complexity of HSE communication.

RESUMO: Crianças com deficiência múltipla sensorial visual enfrentam desafios diários para comunicar seus interesses e necessidades e para compreender adequadamente conceitos. Um dos grandes obstáculos para iniciar uma intervenção eficaz com essas crianças consiste em identificar suas preferências e fornecer estratégias de ensino e oportunidades de aprendizagem específicas que valorizem os seus pontos fortes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar cinco cartões de símbolos tangíveis como recurso para ensinar conceitos sobre a pandemia da COVID-19 para crianças que apresentam deficiência múltipla sensorial visual. Pensando nisso, este ensaio teórico coloca em evidência a importância dos símbolos tangíveis como valiosos recursos da comunicação alternativa tátil, capazes de favorecer a comunicação, a antecipação de atividades, a compreensão de conceitos, e como opções de escolhas a serem feitas por estas crianças. Destaca-se a importância das interações táteis exploratórias por meio da modalidade háptica e do distanciamento entre o eu, os outros, os objetos e as representações. Por tratar-se de um assunto pouco explorado no cenário nacional, considera-se relevante apresentá-lo para que outros professores e pesquisadores o conheçam e o utilizem com seus alunos.

ABSTRACT: Children with multi-sensory impairment face daily challenges to communicate their interests and needs and properly understand concepts. One of the major obstacles to start an effective intervention with these children is to identify their preferences and provide specific teaching strategies and learning opportunities that value their strengths. In this sense, the objective of this study was to present five cards of tangible symbols as a resource to teach concepts about the COVID-19 pandemic to children who have multi-sensory impairment. With this in mind, this theoretical essay highlights the importance of tangible symbols as valuable resources for alternative tactile communication, capable of favoring communication, anticipating activities, understanding concepts, and as options for choices to be made by these children. It highlights the importance of exploratory tactile interactions through haptic modality and distance between the self, others, objects and representations. As it is a subject little explored in the national scenario, it is considered relevant to present it so that other professors and researchers can get to know it and use it with their students.

For several years in the School of Veterinary Medicine of Universidad Nacional del Litoral, a team of teachers-researchers of Mathematics works on a proposal of "Collaborative Learning" in which are stimulated and evaluated social skills essential for a correct interaction. In this article, we try to talk with some authors of texts of philosophy, in which issues related to communication, language, symbol, meaning and pleasure are raised, from which aspects related to the aforementioned social competences are revealed. In Mathematics, communication and language refer to the use of words and symbols whose meaning is different according to the context in which they are used, and the meaning attributable to a word / symbol may be quite different in mathematics than in everyday language. At the end of the article it is mentioned, how meaning and pleasure portray who the students are, how they see themselves, and how they construct a particular vision of their future.

Desde hace varios años en la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral, un equipo de docentes-investigadores de la cátedra de Matemática trabaja en una propuesta de "Aprendizaje Cooperativo" en la que se estimulan y evalúan habilidades sociales imprescindibles para una correcta interacción. En este artículo se intenta dialogar con algunos autores de textos de filosofía, en los que se plantean cuestiones relacionadas con comunicación, lenguaje, símbolo, significado y placer, de cuya lectura y relaciones se desprenden aspectos relacionados con las mencionadas competencias sociales. En Matemática, la comunicación y el lenguaje, refieren al empleo de palabras y símbolos cuyo significado es diferente según el contexto en el que se empleen, y el significado atribuible a una palabra/símbolo puede ser absolutamente distinto en matemática que en el lenguaje cotidiano. Al finalizar el artículo se menciona, cómo significado y placer retratan quiénes son los estudiantes, cómo se ven a sí mismos, y cómo construyen una visión particular de su futuro.

RESUMO Poucos são os estudos fonoaudiológicos brasileiros sobre pacientes com o diagnóstico de doenças da cadeia respiratória mitocondrial. Esse quadro clínico é uma das doenças genéticas do metabolismo mais frequentes e apresenta sintomas que demandam intervenções fonoaudiológicas (alterações miofuncionais orais, auditivas e dificuldades na aquisição da linguagem oral). Neste estudo, articula-se a possibilidade de trabalho com esses sujeitos na abordagem da comunicação suplementar e alternativa. Objetivou-se descrever os resultados da utilização da comunicação suplementar e alternativa no atendimento de uma criança com doença mitocondrial. Os procedimentos terapêuticos enfatizaram o uso social da linguagem por meio de atividades significativas e contextualizadas, com o apoio de fotos e de figuras do Picture Communication Symbols de atividades cotidianas. Os resultados obtidos apontaram aumento na funcionalidade da linguagem oral do sujeito, ao favorecer suas práticas discursivas, especialmente quanto à intenção comunicativa no contexto interacional.

ABSTRACT There are few Brazilian speech-language pathology studies about patients diagnosed with mitochondrial disease. This is one of the most prevalent inherited metabolic diseases, and its clinical presentation usually includes symptoms that demand speech-language pathology interventions (myofunctional disorders and spoken language acquisition difficulties). This paper explores the possibility of employing a therapeutic approach to this disorder based on augmentative and alternative communication, by describing the results of adopting this approach when working with a child diagnosed with mitochondrial disease. The therapeutic proceedings focused on the social use of language through meaningful and contextualized activities, with the help of photos and pictures from a communication system (Picture Communications Symbols - PCS) illustrating daily activities. The results showed an increase in the functionality of the child's oral language by benefitting his discursive practices, particularly in regard to communicative intention within the interactional context.

Advertising communication has a unique character and different techniques are used to draw the consumer 's attention. The way in which the message is communicated in the advertisement often contributes to the impact of the advertising message. This research article forms part of a bigger research project that focuses specifically on the ways in which advertising language communicates creatively. Furthermore, the way in which visual signs echo the linguistic signs and contribute to the construction of the marketing message is observed. Figurative language and semiotic signs are some of the mechanisms copywriters use to draw the consumer 's attention. Literature that focuses on the linguistic and visual analysis of advertising communication is limited. A variety of definitions for figurative language exist in the literature, since different authors have different perspectives given a particular data set and time frame. ln this study creative signs used in advertising in order to increase the impact of the advertisement (e.g. language play, rhetorical figures and semiotic signs), are studied from a Cognitive Semantic and linguistic perspective. A qualitative investigation was launched in order to describe the character of the manifestation of these rhetorical figures in advertising communication. Based on the primary objective of the study, to give an overview of the manifestation of creative concepts in South African print advertising communication, the secondary objectives were identified. These objectives were to explain the definition and nature of terms such as language play (idiomatic expressions, personification and wordplay), rhetorical figures of speech (comparisons, analogies and metaphor) and semiotic signs (indexes, icons and symbols). South African print advertisements were used as data set. A further objective was to obtain an overview of the gains and risks in the use of these attention drawing mechanisms in the interest of training linguists and copywriting students. In this study two main categories are identified, namely figurative language and semiotic signs. Figurative language is divided into two categories, namely language play and rhetorical figures; the latter is the focus of this research article. The category, language play, focuses specifically on the artistic nature or rather "creative decoration " of advertisements. Idiomatic expressions (when the cat's away, the mice will play), personification (Your pepper will be so jealous) and wordplay (the Afrikaans word "leer" can refer to the ladder you climb, as well as the leather a shoe is made of) are identified as three forms in language play. Rhetorical figures are identified as a second category within figurative language. Rhetorical figures of speech include: similes (he is as slow as a tortoise), analogies (an analogy between the organ, a kidney, and a coffee filter) and metaphors (metaphor between coffee and perfume's durability and aroma). The second main category distinguished in this study is semiotic signs. Semiotic signs are divided into indexes (smoke indicating a fire), icons (apasspor tfull of stamps, indicating a rea lpassport) and symbols (an apple as a symbol of seduction). Based on the literature study and the data set, it is clear that creative signs used in advertising communication contribute in prolonging the reader 's attention. Creative signs are often an intellectual game to be unravelled by the reader, in order to identify the intended marketing message. Furthermore, more than one message is often communicated through the use of creative language and visual signs, thus giving the copywriter the ability to say more with less (words and images). From this study, it is clear that the use of figurative language like rhetorical figures and semiotic signs should ideally focus on the brand name, marketing message or characteristic of the product to actually be relevant to the marketing message; otherwise it remains just a useless decoration in the advertisement.

Advertensiekommunikasie het 'n unieke aard en verskillende talige en visuele meganismes word gebruik ten einde die teikenmark se aandag te trek. Retoriese stylfigure, as vorm van figuurlike taalgebruik, is een van die instrumente wat kopieskrywers gebruik om die teikenmark se aandag in gedrukte advertensies te trek. Retoriese stylfigure kan egter op verskillende wyses aangewend word. In hierdie ondersoek word daar vanuit 'n semantiese perspektief gekyk na retoriese stylfigure (talig en visueel) wat tot beskikking van die kopieskrywer is, om kreatief die teikenmark se aandag te trek. Die fokus in hierdie empiriese ondersoek val verder ook op die wyse waarop visuele tekens in advertensies die talige tekens eggo, oftewel ondersteun, in die konstruering van die bemarkingsboodskap.

Las celebraciones realizadas durante las guerras de independencia deben ser vistas no solo como manifestaciones espontáneas o cumplimientos de tradicionales calendarios festivos, sino que también deben entenderse dentro del contexto ideológico y discursivo derivado del andamiaje político desplegado por republicanos y realistas después de los triunfos alcanzados en el campo de batalla. En ese sentido, estos eventos hacían parte del proceso de legitimidad política posterior al combate y como fórmula para contribuir a sentar las bases de la estructura política triunfante. El uso de rituales, la renovación simbólica y la reafirmación de las lealtades políticas fueron para las autoridades de turno estrategias claves en el desarrollo de las celebraciones en torno a ganar adhesión a sus proyectos políticos, para lo cual se aplicaron distintos métodos de comunicación, persuasión, presión o manipulación. Allí radica la importancia de estos eventos como escenarios propicios para que cada bando lograra la mayor movilización política posible y se mantuviera firme al frente del gobierno en medio de un ambiente de intensa confrontación política y continua alternancia en el poder.

The celebrations developed during the wars of independence should be seen not only as spontaneous demonstrations of traditional compliance schedules or holidays but also be understood within the ideological and political context deployed by republicans and royalists after the victories achieved in the battlefield. In that sense, these events were part of the process of political legitimacy after the fight and as a way to help lay the bases of the triumphant political structure. The symbols and the reaffirmation of political loyalties were key strategies in the development of the celebrations surrounding gain adherence to its political projects, and to fulfill these purposes were applied different methods of communication, pressure or manipulation. Therein lies the importance of these events as scenarios for which each side achieved a great political mobilization and to stand firm in the government amid an atmosphere of intense political confrontation and alternation in power.

The aim of this article is to analyze the theory of Murray Edelman's symbolic policy, by means of three of his main categories: the symbolism, the political language and the political spectacle. The symbolic analysis of the policy proposed by Edelman combines a manipulating conception of the symbols, in which they are tools in the hands of the political elites to keep the audiences of the policy passive, with a constituent conception of the political language. Although to a considerable extent inadequate to perceive the complexities of the contemporary political communication, the Edelman's symbolic analysis has a skeptical vein on the democratic policy that is still relevant nowadays.

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la teoría de la política simbólica de Murray Edelman, a través del recorrido de tres de sus principales categorías: el simbolismo, el lenguaje político y el espectáculo político. El análisis simbólico de la política propuesto por Edelman combina una concepción manipuladora de los símbolos, en los que éstos son herramientas en manos de las élites políticas para mantener pasivas a las audiencias de la política, con una concepción constitutiva del lenguaje político. Aunque en buena medida inadecuada para captar las complejidades de la comunicación política contemporánea, el análisis simbólico de Edelman posee una vena escéptica sobre la política democrática que continúa siendo relevante actualmente.

O trabalho busca, a partir do Projeto Graffita Salvador, ilustrar as complexas relações entre arte, espaço público e suas apropriações, através da dimensão midiática da cidade, permitindo o estabelecimento de nexos entre: cidade, arte, mídia e estratégia comunicacional (de empresas e do poder público). A cidade e suas apropriações constitui-se em elemento midiático estratégico e faz parte de um complexo sistema de comunicação. A arte também comunica e persuade. Ademais, as empresas e os governos vêm investindo na criação de imagens corporativas positivas junto à opinião pública, objetivado fortalecer suas imagens a partir da constituição de símbolos de referência culturais e coletivos da cidade. Num quadro de dificuldades do financiamento público, favorecem alternativas e estratégias baseadas em parcerias entre o público e o privado na gestão das cidades, reforçando-se positivamente as imagens tanto governamental (idéia de comprometimento, participação e eficiência) como empresarial (responsabilidade social). As indagações relativas ao Projeto Grafita Salvador podem ajudar na compreensão dessas dinâmicas e suas conseqüências. A partir delas é possível estabelecer-se nexos entre as estratégias de comunicação, as formas de expressão artísticas, a cidade, os movimentos sócio culturais, a arte de rua, e a constituição do espaço público e suas apropriações, no contexto contemporâneo.

This study tries to illustrate, starting from the Projeto Graffita Salvador, the complex relations among art, public space and their appropriations, through the mediatic dimension of the city, allowing the establishment of connections among: city, art, media and comuni-cational strategy (both from private and public sectors). The city and its appropriations are an strategic mediatic element and are part of a complex communication system. Art also communicates and persuades. Besides, the public and private sectors are investing in the creation of positive corporate images for the public opinion, aimed at strengthening their images from the constitution of cultural and collective reference symbols of the city. In a framework of public financing difficulties, alternatives and strategies based in partnerships between the public and the private sectors are favored in the administration of the cities, positively reinforcing the images both of government (idea of commitment, participation and efficiency) and private sector (social responsibility). The inquiries regarding the Projeto Grafita Salvador can help in the understanding of those dynamics and their consequences. Starting from them it is possible to establish connections among the communication strategies, the artistic expression forms, the city, the social and cultural movements, street art, and the constitution of the public space and its appropriations, in the contemporary context.

Ce travail se veut d'illustrer, à partir du Projet Graffita Salvador, les relations complexes entre l'art, l'espace public et ses appropriations, au travers d'une dimension médiatique de la ville permettant l'établissement de rapports entre: ville, art, médias et stratégie communicationnelle (des entreprises et des pouvoirs publics). La ville et ses appropriations sont des éléments médiatiques stratégiques et font partie d'un système complexe de communication. L'art aussi commu-nique et convainc. De plus, les e00ntre-prises et les gouver-nements investissent dans la création d'images corporatives positives auprès de l'opinion publique, cherchant à consolider ces images à partir de la constitution de symboles de référence culturels et collectifs de la ville. Le contexte des difficultés de financement public favorise les options et les stratégies basées sur des partenariats entre le public et le privé pour la gestion des villes et renforce positivement autant l'image du gouvernement (l'idée de compromis, la participation et l'efficacité) que celle des entreprises (responsabilité sociale). Les questions liées au Projet Graffita Salvador peuvent aider à comprendre ces dynamiques et leurs conséquences. A partir de celles-ci, il est possible d'établir des liens entre les stratégies de communication, les formes d'expression artistiques, la ville, les mouvements socioculturels, l'art de la rue et la constitution de l'espace public et de ses appropriations dans le contexte contemporain.

As primeiras associações desportivas foram fundadas em Porto Alegre pelos teuto-brasileiros (imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes) na segunda metade do século XIX. Alguns estudos sugerem que as associações em geral se constituíram enquanto espaço de representação da identidade cultural teuto-brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar se as associações desportivas também se constituíram enquanto espaço de representação da identidade cultural dos teuto-brasileiros. Com base na análise de fontes documentais impressas e fontes orais, buscou-se identificar as possíveis representações que expressavam esta identidade cultural. Constatou-se que as associações desportivas se constituíram em espaço de representação da identidade cultural teuto-brasileira, através da manutenção do idioma alemão nos documentos e na comunicação oral, na adoção de símbolos e exaltação dos heróis alemães, e de incentivos à prática desportiva em busca de disciplina e saúde corporal.

The first sport associations in Porto Alegre were founded by the German-Brazilians in the second half of the XIX century. Previous studies suggested that sport associations constituted a space of representation of the German-Brazilian cultural identity. The goal of this study was to investigate if the sport associations were also constituted as a space for representing the cultural identity of German-Brazilians. Based on the analysis of documental and oral testimonial sources it was intended to identify the possible representations that expressed this cultural identity. It was found out that sports associations constitute a space for representation of the German-Brazilian cultural identity, through the maintenance of German language on documents and the oral communication, through the adoption of the symbols and hailing of German heroes, and through incentives to the practice of sports in search of discipline and body health.

Investigação de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de compreender a rede de símbolos e significados expressa na vivência do tempo narrativo entre trabalhadoras de enfermagem e famílias em uma unidade de Alojamento Conjunto de uma Maternidade pública. O suporte teórico esteve fundamentado em estudos antropológicos que utilizam narrativas terapêuticas para coleta e interpretação dos dados de pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de observação participante e entrevista etnográfica. O processo de categorização e análise dos dados foi construído com base na Etnoenfermagem. Os resultados principais assinalam que, no contexto investigado, as trabalhadoras atuam buscando a transformação do tempo clínico em tempo narrativo, adotando pressupostos que identificam a puérpera, o recém-nascido e a família como um 'outro' envolvido em excepcionalidades, assim como a necessidade de particularização da assistência. Além disso, o tempo narrativo é evocado por meio de performances lúdicas, utilização de linguagem não verbal e o exercício cotidiano da "paciência".

This is a study of a qualitative nature, with the objective to comprehend the network of symbols and significances expressed by nurses and families living through the narrative period in a multiple-patient recovery room of the Maternity Ward in a public hospital. The theoretical support for this study is founded on anthropological studies that utilize narrative therapies in data collection and interpretation. In order to collect the data, participative observation techniques and ethnographic interviews were applied. The process of categorizing and analyzing the data was based upon Ethno-nursing. The principle results indicate that within the context of this investigation, workers seek the transformation of the clinical period into the narrative period, adopting suppositions that identify with the woman who has given birth, the newborn, and the family as an "other" involved with exceptions. They also identify with the need to individualize their care. Beyond that, the narrative period is evoked through lucid performances, use of non-verbal communication, and the daily exercise of "patience".

Investigación de naturaleza cualitativa, tuvo por objetivo comprender la red de los símbolos y los significados manifestados en la vivencia del tiempo narrativo entre las trabajadoras de Enfermería y las familias en un servicio de Alojamiento Conjunto de una Maternidad Pública. El soporte teórico fue con base en los estudios antropológicos que utilizan las narrativas terapéuticas para la colecta y la interpretación de los datos de la investigación. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las técnicas de la observación participante y la entrevista etnográfica. El proceso de categorización y del análisis de los datos se construyó basado en la Etno-enfermería. Los resultados principales señalan que, en el contexto investigado, las trabajadoras actuan buscando la transformación del tiempo clínico en el tiempo narrativo, adoptando presupuestos que identifican a la puérpera, al recién nacido y a la familia como un "otro", envueltos estos con sus excepciones, así también, la necesidad de una particularidad y/o peculiaridad en la asistencia. Además de esto, el tiempo narrativo es invocado mediante las performances lúdicas, la utilización de un lenguaje no verbal y a través del ejercicio cotidiano de la "paciencia".

This is a study of a qualitative nature, with the objective to comprehend the network of symbols and significances expressed by nurses and families living through the narrative period in a multiple-patient recovery room of the Maternity Ward in a public hospital. The theoretical support for this study is founded on anthropological studies that utilize narrative therapies in data collection and interpretation. In order to collect the data, participative observation techniques and ethnographic interviews were applied. The process of categorizing and analyzing the data was based upon Ethno-nursing. The principle results indicate that within the context of this investigation, workers seek the transformation of the clinical period into the narrative period, adopting suppositions that identify with the woman who has given birth, the newborn, and the family as an "other" involved with exceptions. They also identify with the need to individualize their care. Beyond that, the narrative period is evoked through lucid performances, use of non-verbal communication, and the daily exercise of "patience".

Investigación de naturaleza cualitativa, tuvo por objetivo comprender la red de los símbolos y los significados manifestados en la vivencia del tiempo narrativo entre las trabajadoras de Enfermería y las familias en un servicio de Alojamiento Conjunto de una Maternidad Pública. El soporte teórico fue con base en los estudios antropológicos que utilizan las narrativas terapéuticas para la colecta y la interpretación de los datos de la investigación. Para la recolección de los datos se utilizaron las técnicas de la observación participante y la entrevista etnográfica. El proceso de categorización y del análisis de los datos se construyó basado en la Etno-enfermería. Los resultados principales señalan que, en el contexto investigado, las trabajadoras actuan buscando la transformación del tiempo clínico en el tiempo narrativo, adoptando presupuestos que identifican a la puérpera, al recién nacido y a la familia como un "otro", envueltos estos con sus excepciones, así también, la necesidad de una particularidad y/o peculiaridad en la asistencia. Además de esto, el tiempo narrativo es invocado mediante las performances lúdicas, la utilización de un lenguaje no verbal y a través del ejercicio cotidiano de la "paciencia".

Investigação de natureza qualitativa, com o objetivo de compreender a rede de símbolos e significados expressa na vivência do tempo narrativo entre trabalhadoras de enfermagem e famílias em uma unidade de Alojamento Conjunto de uma Maternidade pública. O suporte teórico esteve fundamentado em estudos antropológicos que utilizam narrativas terapêuticas para coleta e interpretação dos dados de pesquisa. Para a coleta de dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de observação participante e entrevista etnográfica. O processo de categorização e análise dos dados foi construído com base na Etnoenfermagem. Os resultados principais assinalam que, no contexto investigado, as trabalhadoras atuam buscando a transformação do tempo clínico em tempo narrativo, adotando pressupostos que identificam a puérpera, o recém-nascido e a família como um 'outro' envolvido em excepcionalidades, assim como a necessidade de particularização da assistência. Além disso, o tempo narrativo é evocado por meio de performances lúdicas, utilização de linguagem não verbal e o exercício cotidiano da "paciência".

Este artigo apresenta a arqueologia das enigmáticas marcas impressas na base de cadinhos dos séculos XVIII e XIX recuperados nas escavações da Casa da Moeda do Rio de Janeiro, na década de 1980, e a explanação do seu significado simbólico à luz da alquimia, do ocultismo e da Maçonaria. Espraiando-se extraordinariamente mundo afora através de uma bem-sucedida estratégia de comunicação visual, a Maçonaria utilizou símbolos herméticos para a difusão de seus princípios nos mais diferentes suportes. Aparentemente estamos diante de um sinal de reconhecimento maçônico, o sinal exterior de uma organização oculta, só partilhado por iniciados e incompreensível para os demais, que contribuiu para difundir veladamente a doutrina maçônica por diferentes pontos do globo.

This paper presents the archaeology of enigmatic signs printed on the bases of 18th and 19th century crucibles recovered from excavations at the Brazilian Mint in Rio de Janeiro during the 1980s; as well as the explanation of their symbolic meaning in the light of alchemy, occultism and Freemasonry. Spreading extraordinarily around the world through a well succeeded strategy of visual communication, the Freemasonry made use of hermetic symbols printed and/or attached to different supports with the purpose of diffusing its principles. We are, apparently, before a sign of Masonic recognition, the external sign of an occult organization, exclusively shared by the initiated and in turn incomprehensible for the rest. This contributed to the diffusion of the Freemasonry doctrine to different points of the world, always in a cloaked manner.

O ativismo transnacional constitui-se como tema ainda incipiente nas ciências sociais. A partir de uma perspectiva antropológica, este trabalho apresenta uma contribuição à compreensão dos processos políticos e culturais globais que caracterizam a contemporaneidade, centrando-se no ativismo transnacional em torno da Floresta Amazônia. A Amazônia é certamente um dos principais símbolos do ambientalismo ocidental. A maioria das ONGs transnacionais que trabalha com este tema tem sede no Reino Unido, apresentando uma atuação destacada nas campanhas do mogno, pela demarcação de terras indígenas, assim como no desenvolvimento do Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), ou Conselho de Manejo Florestal -- um selo verde para produtos florestais. Este artigo analisa as diferentes trajetórias sociais e de militância dos campaigners britânicos, que os conduzem a formas distintas de engajamento com a floresta. Observa-se, então, as tensões na conjugação das dimensões social e ambiental enquanto marcas discursivas independentes das filiações organizacionais. Três principais tendências são reveladas, assim como visões globais e locais conflitantes, com conseqüências para o ambientalismo enquanto um campo de comunicação globalizado, e sobretudo para a Amazônia enquanto espaço sócioambiental.

Transnational activism is still an incipient topic within the field of Social Sciences. From an anthropological perspective, this article presents a contribution towards the understanding of global political and cultural processes taking place in the contemporary world. It focuses on the transnational activism around the Amazon Rainforest since the Amazon is one of the most important symbols of Western environmentalism. Most transnational NGOs dealing with the Amazon issue are based in the United Kingdom. They have been most active in the mahogany campaign, the campaign for the demarcation of indigenous lands, as well as in initiatives such as the FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) a certification scheme for forest products. This article analyses the campaigners social and political trajectories that led them engage with the Amazon in distinctive ways. It highlightes the tensions underlining social and environmental dimensions as discursive marks beyond institutional affiliations. Three major tendencies are revealed, as well as antagonistic global and local positions with significant consequences to environmentalism as a globalised field of communication, and the Amazon as both social and environmental space.