ABSTRACT The production process of non-centrifuged cane sugar (NCS) involves a significant release of steam and heat due to the evaporation of cane juices in saucepans over a solid fuel oven. This results in a warm and moisture-saturated environment, which can be suffocating for workers. This study aimed to evaluate the bioclimatic behavior of an NCS processing facility, based on the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) index. In addition, solutions are suggested to mitigate possible adverse effects of heat stress. This evaluation utilized computational simulations to determine the thermal comfort perceived by the workers. The accuracy of simulations was verified against temperature and relative air humidity data collected from the facility. Bioclimatic simulations encompassed twelve treatments, involving modifications to the enclosure on the walls and lantern window, incorporating three types of roof material. The WBGT index was determined by considering the effects of the radiant heat generated by the oven and the natural ventilation area on the facility’s temperature and relative air humidity. This helps to assess the comfort experienced by the workers. The thermal zone of the oven presented heat stress conditions; therefore, rest periods and mechanical ventilation were suggested when dissipating heat and steam through natural ventilation is not possible. For workers exposed to high temperatures and thermal radiation, the use of an aluminized apron and infrared goggles for eye protection was recommended. noncentrifuged non centrifuged (NCS moisturesaturated moisture saturated environment facility (WBGT addition treatments window material facilitys s conditions therefore radiation recommended

RESUMO O processo de produção de rapadura gera alta concentração de vapor e calor devido à evaporação do caldo da cana em panelas sobre forno a combustível sólido. Isso gera um ambiente quente e saturado de umidade que pode ser sufocante para os trabalhadores. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais de uma instalação de processamento de rapadura, com base no Índice de Bulbo Úmido e Temperatura de Globo (IBUTG) e sugerir soluções para mitigar possíveis efeitos adversos do estresse térmico. Esta avaliação utilizou simulação computacional para determinar o conforto térmico dos trabalhadores. A simulação foi validada com dados de temperatura e umidade relativa do ar da instalação. As simulações bioclimáticas foram realizadas em doze tratamentos, modificando o fechamento nas paredes e lanternim, com três tipos de materiais de cobertura. Foi determinado o Índice IBUTG, considerando os efeitos do calor radiante gerado pelo forno, e pela área de ventilação natural sobre a temperatura e umidade relativa do ar no interior da instalação, e seu efeito no conforto dos trabalhadores. A zona térmica do forno apresentou condições de estresse térmico, portanto, foram sugeridos períodos de descanso e ventilação mecânica quando não for possível a evacuação do calor e vapor através da ventilação natural. O uso de avental aluminizado e óculos infravermelhos para proteção ocular foi recomendado para os trabalhadores expostos a altas temperaturas e radiação térmica. sólido IBUTG (IBUTG tratamentos lanternim cobertura portanto

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the behavior of broiler chickens subjected to thermal stress during different periods of the day and age of birds. A total of 180 one-day-old male broiler chicks were allocated to three chambers. Each chamber contained five boxes, with 12 chicks/box. Birds were assigned to a completely randomized design. The birds were filmed, and the images recorded every minute during the two periods: morning (from 08:00 to 09:00 h) and afternoon (from 17:00 to 18:00 h), at 7, 14, and 35 d of age. The frequency of the behavioral category (water intake, feed intake, resting, exploration, and comfort) was determined. Data were subjected to variance analysis for mixed models with rearing temperatures (cold, usual, and hot) and age of birds (7, 14, and 35 d) as subdivided plot, and periods of the day (morning and afternoon) as sub-subdivided plot. Birds at cold and usual temperatures showed higher feed intake than those at hot temperature in the morning. Birds exposed to cold and usual temperatures explored the environment less frequently at 35 d when compared with 14 d. However, chickens at hot temperature showed decreased exploration according to the increase of age. Birds spent more time feeding during the morning, regardless of age and rearing temperature. Also, during this period of the day, chickens spent most of the time exploring the environment. The frequency of feed intake and exploration decreases with the increase of age. The similarity of behavior between chickens reared at cold and usual temperatures may be due to a change in the thermal comfort zone of the birds. It suggests that the real thermal comfort temperature is between the two temperature ranges studied (cold and usual). 18 onedayold one old chambers boxes 1 chicksbox box chicks/box design filmed from 0800 08 00 08:0 0900 09 09:0 h 1700 17 17:0 1800 18:0 h, , 7 3 water resting determined cold, (7 plot subsubdivided sub However Also usual. . usual) 080 0 08: 090 09: 170 17: 18: (

Resumen: Este estudio buscó sintetizar y reinterpretar los hallazgos de estudios cualitativos primarios sobre la experiencia de profesionales de la salud en el cuidado de personas con anorexia y bulimia nerviosa. Realizamos una revisión sistemática de la literatura con la estrategia de búsqueda estructurada SPIDER en seis bases de datos. Se realizó una metasíntesis con los datos de estos estudios cualitativos. Los artículos fueron seleccionados y evaluados por dos revisores independientes que extrajeron datos de estos artículos y elaboraron una síntesis temática. En total, 19 artículos cumplieron con nuestros criterios de inclusión y exclusión. La metasíntesis reveló tres temas descriptivos: Salir de la zona de confort: los profesionales de la salud tuvieron vivencias relacionales difíciles en el cuidado a la persona con anorexia y bulimia nerviosa; Reflexionar sobre el tratamiento: la relevancia de la discusión, la comunicación y la flexibilidad en el trabajo de los profesionales de la salud; y Lidiar con las ambivalencias: experiencias de los profesionales de la salud con familiares de personas con anorexia y bulimia nerviosa. Elaboramos dos temas analíticos: Hacer agradable el trabajo con los trastornos alimentarios: maleabilidad necesaria para vincular a los profesionales de la salud con la persona con anorexia y bulimia nerviosa y su familia; y Salir de la zona de confort profesional: transición de lo múltiple a lo interdisciplinario. Por lo tanto, los profesionales de la salud mental que trabajan con personas diagnosticadas con anorexia y bulimia nerviosa enfrentan experiencias emocionales difíciles que los hacen sentir fuera de su zona de confort, lo que requiere flexibilidad en beneficio de una buena alianza terapéutica, pero aún existen dificultades para promover la interdisciplinariedad. Resumen temática total 1 exclusión descriptivos tratamiento discusión ambivalencias analíticos alimentarios familia profesional interdisciplinario tanto terapéutica interdisciplinariedad

Abstract: This study sought to synthesize and reinterpret findings from primary qualitative studies on the experience of health professionals in caring for people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We conducted a systematic review of the literature with the SPIDER search strategy assessing six databases. A meta-synthesis was performed with data from qualitative studies. Two independent reviewers screened and assessed the articles, extracted data from the articles and elaborated thematic synthesis. Nineteen articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The meta-synthesis revealed three descriptive themes: Going outside the comfort zone: hard relational experiences of health professionals in providing care for people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; Reflecting on treatment: relevance of discussion, communication, and flexibility in health professionals’ work with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa; and Dealing with ambivalences: experiences of health professionals with family members of people with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. We elaborated two analytical themes: Making work with eating disorders palatable: malleability necessary for health professionals in bonding with people with anorexia and bulimia nervosa and their families; and Leaving the professional comfort zone: transition from multi to interdisciplinary. Thus, mental health professionals who work with people diagnosed with anorexia and bulimia nervosa cope with hard emotional experiences that makes them feel out of their comfort zone, requiring flexibility to benefit a good therapeutic alliance, but there are still difficulties in promoting interdisciplinarity. Abstract databases metasynthesis meta synthesis inclusionexclusion inclusion exclusion criteria themes zone treatment discussion communication ambivalences palatable families interdisciplinary Thus alliance interdisciplinarity

Resumo: Este estudo buscou sintetizar e reinterpretar os achados de estudos qualitativos primários sobre a experiência de profissionais de saúde no cuidado a pessoas com anorexia e bulimia nervosa. Realizamos uma revisão sistemática da literatura com a estratégia de busca estruturada SPIDER em seis bases de dados. Foi realizada uma metassíntese com dados destes estudos qualitativos. Os artigos foram triados e avaliados por dois revisores independentes que extraíram dados desses artigos e elaboraram uma síntese temática. No total, 19 artigos atenderam nossos critérios de inclusão e exclusão. A metassíntese revelou três temas descritivos: Sair da zona de conforto: profissionais de saúde tiveram vivências relacionais difíceis no cuidado à pessoa com anorexia e bulimia nervosa; Refletir sobre o tratamento: a relevância da discussão, comunicação e flexibilidade no trabalho dos profissionais de saúde; e Lidar com ambivalências: vivências de profissionais de saúde com familiares de pessoas com anorexia e bulimia nervosa. Elaboramos dois temas analíticos: Tornando o trabalho com distúrbios alimentares agradável: maleabilidade necessária para vincular profissionais de saúde à pessoa com anorexia e bulimia nervosa e sua família; e Saindo da zona de conforto profissional: transição do multi para o interdisciplinar. Assim, os profissionais de saúde mental que trabalham com pessoas diagnosticadas com anorexia e bulimia nervosa enfrentam experiências emocionais difíceis que os fazem se sentir fora de sua zona de conforto, exigindo flexibilidade para o benefício de uma boa aliança terapêutica, mas ainda há dificuldades em promover a interdisciplinaridade. Resumo temática total 1 exclusão descritivos tratamento discussão ambivalências analíticos agradável família profissional interdisciplinar Assim terapêutica interdisciplinaridade

RESUMEN El desarrollo agrícola exige una mayor adopción de maquinaria por parte de los productores para evitar el daño a la salud de los trabajadores por el exceso de ruido. En este escenario, este estudio presenta análisis utilizando geoestadística y Control Estadístico de Procesos (SPC) en el mapeo de la variabilidad espacial de la magnitud del ruido emitido por un microtractor para identificar zonas saludables para los trabajadores. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la Universidad Federal de Lavras (UFLA), donde los niveles de ruido se recolectaron en puntos distribuidos en una cuadrícula de muestra regular de 2,0×2,0 m alrededor de la máquina. La dependencia espacial del ruido se analizó ajustando el semivariograma de tipo onda e interpolando por kriging ordinario y el SPC a través de cartas de control individuales. Fue posible observar valores de ruido superiores a 85 dB(A) en un radio de hasta 6 m alrededor del tractor en funcionamiento. El valor máximo de 91 dB(A) se obtuvo desde el asiento del operador, permitiendo así una exposición diaria máxima de 3,5 h. Además, se observó que las personas ubicadas a distancias mayores a 4 m del microtractor no necesitan usar equipo de protección personal para una exposición de 8 h de trabajo.

ABSTRACT Agricultural development requires greater adoption of machinery by producers to avoid damage to the worker's health due to excessive noise. In this scenario, this study aimed to analyze the noise magnitude emitted by a micro-tractor using geostatistics and Statistical Process Control (SPC) in mapping spatial variability to identify healthy zones for workers. The study was carried out at the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), where noise levels were collected at points distributed in a regular 2.0×2.0 m sample grid around the machine. The spatial dependence of noise was analyzed by adjusting the wave-type semivariogram and interpolating by ordinary kriging and the SPC through individual control charts. It was possible to observe alarming noise values above 85 dB(A) in a radius of up to 6 m around the tractor in operation. The maximum value of 91 dB(A) was obtained from the operator's seat, thus allowing maximum daily exposure of 3.5 h. In addition, it was observed that people located at distances greater than 4 m from the micro-tractor do not need to wear personal protective equipment for an exposure of 8 h of work.

ABSTRACT This paper focuses on the development of an empirical study over the Comfort Zone ( 2004; 2006; 2018), shedding light on the role played by emotions in empowering learners to confidently interact in English classes at a public university in Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil. The theoretical framework was based on the concept of the Comfort Zone (2004; 2006; 2018); and that of emotions (ARAGÃO, 2004; 2011; BARCELOS, 2018; MATURANA, 2002; ZEMBYLAS 2004; 2018). This qualitative and interpretive study (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006; LINCOLN; GUBA, 2006) used an individual questionnaire, field observations, individual participants’ reports of observation of classes and peers’ performance, individual exploratory conversations and an ethnographic group interview (ERICKSON, 1986) for debriefing, and a final individual diary of participants as tools for data collection. Results display a range of emotions impacting learners’ performance in interaction.1 2004 2006 2018, 2018 , 2018) Janeiro Brazil (2004 ARAGÃO, ARAGÃO (ARAGÃO 2011 BARCELOS MATURANA 2002 2018. . DENZIN (DENZIN LINCOLN GUBA questionnaire observations peers ERICKSON, ERICKSON (ERICKSON 1986 debriefing collection interaction1 interaction 1 interaction. 200 201 (200 198 20 (20 19 2 (2

RESUMO Este artigo se concentra no desenvolvimento de um estudo empírico sobre a Zona de Conforto (2004; 2006; 2018), lançando luz sobre o papel desempenhado pelas emoções em capacitar os alunos a interagirem com confiança nas aulas de inglês de uma universidade pública do Rio de Janeiro, em Brasil. O referencial teórico baseou-se no conceito de Zona de Conforto (2004; 2006; 2018); e o de emoções (ARAGÃO, 2004; 2011; BARCELOS, 2018; MATURANA, 2002; ZEMBYLAS 2004; 2018). Este estudo qualitativo e interpretativo (DENZIN; LINCOLN, 2006; LINCOLN; GUBA, 2006) utilizou um questionário individual; observações de campo; relatos individuais de observação de aulas e desempenho de colegas, conversas exploratórias individuais; uma entrevista etnográfica em grupo (ERICKSON, 1986) para debriefing; e um diário final individual dos participantes como ferramentas de coleta de dados. Os resultados mostram uma série de emoções que afetam o desempenho dos alunos na interação. 2004 (2004 2006 2018, 2018 , 2018) Janeiro Brasil baseouse baseou ARAGÃO, ARAGÃO (ARAGÃO 2011 BARCELOS MATURANA 2002 2018. . DENZIN (DENZIN LINCOLN GUBA campo colegas ERICKSON, ERICKSON (ERICKSON 1986 debriefing dados interação 200 (200 201 198 20 (20 19 2 (2 1 (

RESUMO: Considerando a intensificação dos desamparos, nas esferas individuais e coletivas, observamos a retomada de uma psicanálise sensível ao contexto social, disposta a sair dos consultórios para reencontrar seu lugar nos espaços públicos. Mediante o resgate histórico das clínicas públicas da primeira geração de psicanalistas, bem como após trazer o debate e os testemunhos em torno de múltiplas experiências de uma clínica expandida da psicanálise, chamamos a atenção para algumas características centrais de uma atuação psicanalítica comprometida com a dimensão político-social e para as linhas de força de sua possível expansão.

ABSTRACT: Bearing in mind the alarming growth of both individual and collective vulnerabilities, we cast a light upon the promising resurgence of a psychoanalytic praxis more sensitive to the social context and willing to leave the comfort zone of the private praxis to reclaim its stand in public spaces. By reclaiming the history of the free clinics ventured at by the first generation of psychoanalysts and drawing upon the testimony of several social-oriented clinical experiences to the center of the debate, we aim to draw attention to some key features of a psychoanalytic endeavor committed to the current social-political context and the driving forces towards its eventual growth.

BACKGROUND: South African academic libraries are facing radical changes due to a paradigm shift in their parent universities associated with the digital age linked to the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The rationale for this study was to enable library management, employees and change leaders of libraries to understand that knowledge management (KM) is a potential solution for managing change in academic libraries in this digital age OBJECTIVES: The central argument of this research is that KM as a management discipline is a solution to manage change in the academic libraries in the digital age. The present research gap is the role of KM as a change enabler in academic libraries. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of KM as a change enabler in the academic libraries in the digital age METHOD: This study applied the exploratory method to gather more empirical evidence on KM as a potential solution in managing change in the library. Interview and questionnaire were used as data collection methods after purposively selecting the respondents from the population in a non-probability sampling technique. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested that showed a high Cronbach's alpha score RESULTS: Amongst other results, the empirical evidence shows that employees resist change when their comfort zone is threatened; what they know is becoming threatened because the new initiative or change tends not to be aligned with their current knowledge and skills. Lack of knowing what is going to happen after change may lead to resistance; then it proves and validates that KM could be a potential solution CONCLUSION: This study has identified a positive relationship between KM and management of change in the academic libraries. The libraries should ensure that their knowledge gets managed so that it can be easily and timely shared and disseminated to the decision makers during change

Abstract In this study, we aimed to assess the spatial variability of microclimate inside a closed compost-bedded pack barn (CBP) with a negative ventilation system during summer and winter. The research was carried out in a CBP located in the Zona da Mata region, Minas Gerais, Brazil. For each of the stations analyzed, the following environmental mean variables observed inside a CBP were measured: air dry-bulb temperature (tdb), air relative humidity (RH), and windspeed, Temperature-Humidity index, and specific enthalpy. The kriging maps showed that the most critical housing conditions in the thermal environment were found, mainly, from the central part of the CBP, close to the exhaust fans. The analyses also pointed out that the system presented temperature gradients along the length, up to 3°C. During the summer afternoon, the entire region of the CBP was in a discomfort situation (tdb>26°C; RH>75%). During the winter, the measured environmental data remained within the comfort zone throughout the facility. However, probably due to the lack of thermal insulation of the material used to close the sides of the CBP, it did not allow spatial thermal uniformity for both seasons. It was also inefficient to keep the animals within the comfort zone for lactating cattle during the critical summer period.

RESUMO A reposição de cama na instalação Compost Barn (CB) compreende uma prática recorrente de manejo, porém os materiais de cama muitas vezes não estão facilmente disponíveis em todas as regiões, sendo necessária a adoção de materiais alternativos. Objetivou-se avaliar os atributos térmicos da cama à base de bagana de carnaúba (BC) para instalações CB. Foram realizadas operações de monitoramento ambiental em uma fazenda comercial situada no nordeste do Brasil. Miniestações meteorológicas foram utilizadas para avaliação de variáveis ambientais. O ITU foi avaliado como um dos parâmetros de conforto. A distribuição espacial da temperatura superficial da cama (TSC) no galpão foi analisada usando técnicas da geoestatística. As vacas mantiveram-se fora da zona de conforto, conforme resultados do ITU. A TSC indicou desempenho satisfatório e, do ponto de vista térmico, pode ser utilizada como material alternativo para cama em instalações CB. Entretanto, observou-se que a BC apresentou rápida degradação da biomassa em comparação a materiais convencionais, amplamente conhecidos. Além disso, valores inadequados de temperatura (< 45°C) foram encontrados nas camadas profundas da cama de BC, sinalizando maiores riscos de atividade microbiana patogênica. Estudos adicionais tornam-se necessários para a busca de planos de manejo que aumentem o tempo de vida útil da cama formada por bagana de carnaúba.

ABSTRACT The replacement of bedding in compost dairy barns (CB) comprises a recurrent management practice, but bedding materials are often not readily available in all regions and the choice of alternative materials is necessary. The objective was to evaluate the thermal attributes of carnauba straw (CS) bedding in compost dairy barn facilities. Environmental monitoring operations were performed at a commercial farm located in Northeast Brazil. Mini weather stations were used to evaluate environmental variables. The THI was evaluated as one of the comfort parameters. Analysis of the spatial distribution of bed surface temperature (BST) in the CB was performed using geostatistical techniques. The cows remained out of the comfort zone according to THI results. The BST indicated satisfactory performance and from the thermal point of view can be used as alternative bedding material in CB facilities. However, it was observed that the CS showed fast biomass degradation compared to conventional materials, widely known. In addition, inadequate temperature values (< 45°C) were found in the deeper of the CS bed, signaling higher risks of pathogenic microbial activity. Additional studies are needed for searching the proper management plans that increase the life span of the bed formed by carnauba straw.

Resumen Análisis energético y de confort térmico usando EnergyPlus®, para un prototipo de residencia unifamiliar ubicada en Foz do Iguaçu, zona climática 3A-Brasil. Mediante la sensación térmica estimada en el interior de la residencia, se analizó la ventilación natural, donde se comparó un sistema considerando las infiltraciones de aire del modelo constructivo con otro de ventilación selectiva programada; fueron propuestos dos sistemas de calefacción, ventilación y aire acondicionado (HVAC), siendo un sistema Split y un sistema de flujo de gas refrigerante variable (VRF). Los resultados mostraron que, aunque los casos de ventilación natural influyeron en la temperatura y humedad interna, el confort térmico en la región no es viable sin el uso de mecanismos artificiales. Así, el sistema VRF mostró un ahorro energético anual para aire acondicionado del 14,76% y un ahorro en el consumo energético total del 10,11% al año en comparación con el sistema Split, siendo económicamente más rentable.

Abstract Energy performance and thermal comfort through EnergyPlus®, for a prototype of a single-family residence located in Foz do Iguaçu, climate zone 3A-Brazil. Using the estimated thermal sensation inside the house, natural ventilation was analyzed, where a system was compared considering the air infiltrations of the construction model with another of programmed selective ventilation; and two heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems were proposed, being a Split system and a variable refrigerant gas flow (VRF) system. The results showed that, although the cases of natural ventilation influenced internal temperature and humidity, thermal comfort in the region is not feasible without the use of artificial mechanisms. The VRF system showed annual energy saving to the air conditioning of 14.76% and saving in the total annual energy consumption of 10.11% about the Split system, in addition to more economic profitability.

Resumen Preguntar-se en el oficio de educar sitúa a la pregunta en un lugar privilegiado en la formación docente y en la relación de las temáticas que se presentan en la cotidianidad, tanto en la preparación como en el posterior ejercicio profesional. Preguntar-se cruza el artículo como idea fuerza, también lo hace en la formación docente, en los saberes, en la reflexión, en las relaciones de los y las docentes con la política educativa y la legalidad. Este ensayo revisa temáticas emergentes, sin la intención de agotarlos y los relaciona con interrogantes permanentes sobre la tecnología, las migraciones, los desplazados, la etnoeducación, los afrodescendientes, la educación para la paz, la sustentabilidad, la diversidad y género. El artículo finaliza considerando que poner a la pregunta como eje central de la formación y en la acción docente, permite plantearse desafíos en la labor y experiencia docente. Preguntar-se es poner a la población docente en formación en una tensión constante entre la teoría y la práctica, pero también en los cambios permanentes y, a veces, acelerados de la sociedad del siglo XXI.

Abstract Self-questioning one´s teaching performance should be a priority for teacher trainees, which aids in helping them to better assimilate the topics covered on a daily basis and prepare them for their professional lives. This article focuses on self-questioning as an inherent part of teacher training which strengthens knowledge, reflection and teacher relationships with education policies and observance of the law. Emerging topics are covered, although not exhausted, and questions are raised regarding technology, immigration, displaced individuals, ethno-education, afro-descendants, education for peace, sustainability and gender diversity. The conclusion emphasizes the need to ask oneself questions during training and on the job so that teachers may constantly challenge themselves and their work and teaching experience. Self-questioning forces teachers to break away from their comfort zone and continuously reflect on theory and practice as well as face the accelerated changes of 21st century society.

ABSTRACT The consumption of saline water in semiarid regions is a recurrent situation that can affect the ingestive behavior of small ruminants. This study evaluated the ingestive behavior of Santa Inês sheep maintained in a climatic chamber under two air temperatures -25 °C within the thermal comfort zone (TCZ) and 32 °C above the TCZ - and consuming water with three levels of salinity - 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 dS m-1. The experimental design was completely randomized in 2 × 3 factorial schemes, comprising two air temperatures and drinking water with three levels of salinity, in six replicates (animals). Regardless of air temperature, the consumption of saline water did not affect feed and water intake by the sheep; however, there was a decrease in feed intake and an increase in water intake as air temperature increased. Feed and water intake; feeding, rumination, and idle times; defecation frequency; and fecal production were not affected (P > 0.05) by the water salinity levels, whereas reduction in feed intake, feeding time, and rumination time and an increase in water intake and idle time were observed as air temperature increased. In summary, increasing air temperature negatively affected the ingestive behavior of the animals; however, water with salinity up to 8.0 dS m-1 did not affect their ingestive behavior and hence could be used for drinking.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to know the electricity consumption of an educational institution by the use of air conditioning equipment for thermal comfort, as well as the local and environmental impact that such consumption generates. The institution is located in the city of Orán (North of Argentina), in bioclimatic zone IIb (IRAM Standard 11603) and it is a University headquarters. For its operation it has 2 properties: property 1 is located in a downtown area and is the study unit. Applying different techniques and instruments is investigated about the climatic conditions of the region, the structural and functional aspects of the institution building, the dynamics of the educational community and its technological preferences for the achievement of thermal comfort, the electricity consumption in the period 2013-2018 and the areas of electricity demand. With all the data obtained and, applying a procedure based on reference months, the electricity consumption for the use of air conditioning equipment is estimated. Local impacts are also analyzed and the carbon footprint for this activity is estimated. The most important results are: it is a very hot region, the structural aspect of the building lacks bioclimatic concepts, the electricity consumption from the use of air conditioning equipment represents 28% of the total annual consumption of the property 1 and an approximate emission of 13 tnCO2eq / year, requiring between 1,300 and 2,600 trees for mitigation. It is essential to implement bioclimatic strategies in the building of the University Headquarters.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este trabajo es conocer el consumo eléctrico de una institución educativa por el uso de equipos de aire acondicionado para el confort térmico, como también el impacto local y ambiental que genera dicho consumo. La institución se encuentra en la ciudad de Orán (Norte de Argentina), en zona bioclimática IIb (Norma IRAM 11603) y se trata de una Sede Universitaria. Para su funcionamiento dispone de 2 predios: el predio 1 se encuentra en zona céntrica y es la unidad de estudio. Aplicando diferentes técnicas e instrumentos se investiga acerca de las condiciones climáticas de la región, los aspectos estructurales y funcionales del edificio de la institución, la dinámica de la comunidad educativa y sus preferencias tecnológicas para el logro del confort térmico, el consumo eléctrico en el periodo 2013-2018 y las áreas de demanda eléctrica. Con todos los datos obtenidos y, aplicando un procedimiento basado en meses referentes, se estima el consumo eléctrico por el uso de equipos de aire acondicionado. También se analizan los impactos locales y se estima la huella de carbono por esa actividad. Los resultados más importantes son: se trata de una región muy calurosa, el aspecto estructural del edificio carece de conceptos bioclimáticos, el consumo eléctrico por el uso de equipos de aire acondicionado representa el 28% del consumo anual total del predio 1 y una emisión aproximada de 13 tnCO2eq/año, requiriendo entre 1300 y 2600 árboles para su mitigación. Resulta imprescindible implementar estrategias bioclimáticas en el edificio de la Sede Universitaria.

Abstract This paper aims to analyze the effects of climate change on thermal comfort and human health in three bioclimatic regions of Mexico (semi cold, hot dry, and warm humid). Through the QGIS software version 3.2.3 it was possible to extract the CRNMCM5 general circulation model (GCM) database and apply it to thermal comfort models. The thermal comfort zone behavior was analyzed in three horizons. In addition, future periods that will represent a health risk were identified through the application of a core temperature prediction model. The results show a comparison for each region and demonstrate the viability of the proposed methodology, establishing that a hot humid climate will have greater effects on thermal well-being and human health.

Resumen Este trabajo pretende analizar los efectos del cambio climático en el confort térmico y la salud del ser humano en tres regiones bioclimáticas de México (semi frío, cálido seco y cálido húmedo). A través del software QGIS versión 3.2.3 fue posible extraer la base de datos del modelo de circulación general (MCG) CRNMCM5 y aplicarla a modelos de confort térmico. Se analizó el comportamiento de la zona de confort térmico en tres horizontes. Además, mediante la aplicación de un modelo de predicción de temperatura central se identificaron los periodos a futuro que representarán un riesgo para la salud. Los resultados presentan un comparativo para cada región y demuestran la viabilidad de la metodología propuesta, estableciendo que el clima cálido húmedo tendrá mayores afectaciones en el bienestar térmico y la salud del ser humano.

ABSTRACT The main internationaly comfort, thermal stress and comfort zones models that have been developed are described in this work. These models are of interest as a theoretical reference for the development and understanding of a broader comfort zone model. In each one, the influence of factors and parameters, both environmental and personal, that affect the comfortable or not perception of the thermal environment is analyzed, emphasizing for each model its corresponding discomfort model. Visual informatic application was developed on Matlab® that grouped the different models studied. The application allowed comparisons to be made between them and to demonstrate that the single-variable control, systesms carried out in most buildings to guarantee comfort, giving importance only to the temperature variable, limit the influence of other variables that have an impact on customers’satisfaction. The pressure, relative humidity, and air speed also affects the comfort and energy consumption in a certain way in the building sector.

RESUMEN Los principales modelos de confort, estrés térmico y zonas de confort que se han desarrollado a nivel internacional, son descritos en este trabajo. Estos modelos interesan como referencia teórica para el desarrollo y comprensión de un modelo de zona de confort más amplio. En cada modelo investigado se analiza la influencia de los factores y parámetros, tanto ambientales como personales, que inciden en la percepción confortable o no del ambiente térmico, haciendo énfasis en su modelo de disconfort correspondiente. Una aplicación informática visual sobre Matlab® fue desarrollada y agrupó los diferentes modelos estudiados. La aplicación informática permite establecer comparaciones entre los diferentes modelos y valorar que los sistemas de control monovariable, instalados en la mayoría de los edificios para garantizar confort, dándole importancia solo a la variable temperatura, limitan la influencia de otras variables que tienen incidencia en la satisfacción de los clientes. La presión, la humedad relativa, la velocidad del aire también afectan el confort y de cierta manera el consumo energético en el ámbito de la edificación.