Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los resultados de la implementación de un diseño instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada para estudiantes universitarios de la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial en Chile. (Metodología) Las personas participantes del estudio son noventa estudiantes de la asignatura de Cálculo Aplicado a los Negocios de una universidad chilena. El diseño metodológico, basado en las herramientas del Enfoque Ontosemiótico del Conocimiento e Instrucción Matemáticos, considera diversas configuraciones epistémicas en las situaciones-problemas sobre tangentes, el cálculo de derivadas a partir de reglas de derivación, aplicaciones de la derivada para el cálculo de máximos y mínimos y análisis de gráficas de funciones. Además, integra las TIC en las diversas tareas. (Resultados) Los resultados indican que la propuesta instruccional de enseñanza de la derivada supera algunas de las dificultades de aprendizaje de los y las estudiantes, evidenciadas en diversas investigaciones. En particular, las dificultades del estudiantado de Ingeniería Comercial en torno a la concepción euclidiana de la recta tangente; la interpretación de la función “derivada” y su representación geométrica, la optimización de funciones económicas y la aplicación de la derivada a funciones marginales. (Conclusiones) Se concluye que el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje es eficaz, en el sentido de que se consigue el aprendizaje del alumnado de una carrera de ingeniería específica mediante la incorporación, en la instrucción, de diferentes configuraciones epistémicas de la derivada interconectadas, sus diferentes campos de problemas y las aplicaciones contextuales en su profesión, junto al uso de recursos TIC.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar os resultados da implementação de um desenho instrucional para o ensino da derivada para alunos de graduação em Engenharia de Negócios no Chile. (Metodologia) Os participantes do estudo são noventa alunos da disciplina de Cálculo Empresarial Aplicado de uma universidade chilena. O desenho metodológico, baseado nas ferramentas da Abordagem Ontossemiótica do Conhecimento e Instrução Matemática, considera diversas configurações epistêmicas nas situações-problemas sobre tangentes, cálculo de derivadas a partir de regras de derivadas, aplicações da derivada para o cálculo de máximos e mínimos e análise de gráficos de funções. Além disso, integra as TIC nas diversas tarefas. (Resultados) Os resultados indicam que a proposta instrucional para o ensino da derivada supera algumas das dificuldades de aprendizagem dos alunos, conforme evidenciado em várias pesquisa. Em particular, as dificuldades dos alunos de Engenharia de Negócios sobre a concepção euclidiana da reta tangente; sobre a interpretação da função “derivada” e sua representação geométrica, sobre a otimização de funções econômicas e a aplicação da derivada a funções marginais. (Conclusões) Conclui-se que o processo de ensino e aprendizagem é eficaz, no sentido de que a aprendizagem dos alunos em um curso de engenharia específico, é alcançada por meio da incorporação, na instrução, de diferentes configurações epistêmicas da derivada interconectadas, dos diferentes campos de problemas e das aplicações contextuais em sua profissão, juntamente ao uso de recursos de TIC.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this article is to present the results of the implementation of an instructional design for the teaching of the derivative for undergraduate students of Business Engineering in Chile. (Methodology) The participants in the study were ninety students of Applied Business Calculus at a Chilean university. The methodological design, based on the tools of the Ontosemiotic Approach to Mathematical Cognition and Instruction, consider various epistemic configurations in situations-problems concerning tangents, the calculation of derivatives from the rules for derivation, applications of the derivative for the calculation of maxima and minima, and analysis of graphs of functions. In addition, it integrates ICT into various activities. (Results) The results indicate that the instructional proposal for teaching the derivative overcomes some of students’ learning difficulties, as shown in various research studies. In particular, these include the difficulties that Business Engineering students have with the Euclidean conception of the tangent line, the interpretation of the derivative function and its geometric representation, the optimization of economic functions, and the application of the derivative to marginal functions. (Conclusions) It is concluded that the teaching and learning process is effective, in the sense that student learning for a specific engineering career is achieved by instruction that incorporates different interconnected epistemic configurations of the derivative, its different fields of problems, and contextual applications in their profession, together with the use of ICT resources.

Abstract Introduction: The awareness concept can be associated with the decision-making process of young people regarding their health. Currently, there is not much precision in the literature on the use of empirical indicators that would help to understand their relevance in the field of health care. Nursing plays an important role by using objective tools that help promote healthy behaviors based on consciousness. Objective: Identify, through a systematic bibliographic search, the reliability and validity of measurement instruments based on consciousness seen as a cognitive process, perception, comprehension and projection in young people. Methodology: Systematic review according to the criteria established by PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses); the search was carried out in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index and Ovid. It took place in the period ranged by June-September 2022, using the descriptors Adolescent and Tools and Awareness. From 923 potential articles found, a sample of 10 were selected, published in Spanish and English that addressed consciousness or one of its levels. Results: The articles were of a methodological type that made reference to the first level of consciousness, that is, perception. No studies were found that addressed comprehension and projection, substantive elements to know the state of consciousness in the health area. Conclusion: There is a need to have measurement tools that address consciousness in a comprehensive manner, that is, as a cognitive process that includes perception, comprehension and projection, essential elements for making decisions in young people with respect to their health.

Abstrato Introdução: O conceito de consciencialização pode ser relacionado com o processo de tomada de decisão dos jovens relativamente à sua saúde. Atualmente, não existe muita precisão na literatura sobre a utilização de indicadores empíricos que ajudem a compreender a sua relevância no domínio dos cuidados de saúde. A enfermagem desempenha um papel importante ao utilizar ferramentas objetivas que ajudam a promover comportamentos saudáveis baseados na consciência. Objetivo: Identificar, através de uma pesquisa bibliográfica sistemática, a fiabilidade e a validade dos instrumentos de medida baseados na consciência vista como um processo cognitivo, perceção, compreensão e projeção nos jovens. Metodologia: Revisão sistemática de acordo com os critérios estabelecidos pelo PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses); a busca foi realizada nas bases Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Citation Index, Social Sciences Citation Index e Ovid. Foi realizada no período de junho a setembro de 2022, utilizando os descritores Adolescent e Tools and Awareness. Dos 923 artigos potenciais encontrados, foi selecionada uma amostra de 10, publicados em espanhol e inglês, que abordavam a consciência ou um de seus níveis. Resultados: Os artigos eram do tipo metodológico que faziam referência ao primeiro nível de consciência, que é a perceção. Não foram encontrados estudos que abordassem a compreensão e a projeção, elementos substantivos para conhecer o estado de consciência na área da saúde. Conclusão: É necessário dispor de instrumentos de medição que abordem a consciência de uma forma abrangente, ou seja, como um processo cognitivo que inclui a perceção, a compreensão e a projeção, elementos essenciais para a tomada de decisões dos jovens em relação à sua saúde.

Resumen Introducción: La conciencia puede estar relacionada con la toma de decisiones de los jóvenes respecto a su salud, en la actualidad existe poca claridad en la literatura sobre uso de indicadores empíricos que ayuden a esclarecer su pertinencia en el ámbito de la salud. Enfermería cumple un papel importante al utilizar herramientas objetivas que ayuden a promover conductas saludables basadas en la conciencia. Objetivo: Identificar mediante búsqueda bibliográfica sistemática, confiabilidad y validez de instrumentos de medida basados en la conciencia visto como proceso cognitivo percepción, comprensión y proyección en jóvenes. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de acuerdo con los criterios establecidos por la declaración Preferred Reporting Items for Sistematyc Reviews and Meta-analyses; la búsqueda se realizó en Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science Science Citation Index y Social Sciences Citation Indexy Ovid. En el periodo junio -septiembre 2022, utilizando descriptores: Adolescent and tools and awareness. De 923 artículos potenciales publicados en español e inglés que abordaran conciencia o alguno de sus niveles, se seleccionó una muestra de 10. Resultados: Los artículos fueron de tipo metodológico, hacían referencia al primer nivel de la conciencia: percepción. No se encontraron estudios que abordaran comprensión y proyección, elementos sustantivos para conocer el estado de la conciencia en el área de salud. Conclusión: Existe la necesidad de contar con herramientas de medida que aborden la conciencia de manera integral, es decir como un proceso cognitivo el cual se incluya percepción, comprensión y proyección, elementos indispensables para la toma de las decisiones en los jóvenes respecto a su salud.

Abstract Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen has theorized that narrative does not involve rational content. Rather, he suggested, narrative is only a descriptive practice consisting of singular statements. Kuukkanen thus divorced the rational and narrative frameworks, arguing that historiography belongs to the former and not the latter. This article establishes a new conceptual framework that provides a revised understanding of narrative as a rational practice. I argue that the principles of organization brought to light by the Gestalt school of experimental psychology illuminate the underlying organizational logic that historians engage with when constructing narratives. To illustrate how these principles operate in historical narratives and how they are rational, I examine classic historical works such as Karl Marx’s introduction of the concept of surplus value; Giambattista Vico’s Autobiography and Jacob Burckhardt’s The Civilization of the Renaissance; Reinhart Koselleck’s Futures Past; and E. P. Thompson’s The Making of the English Working Class and Johan Huizinga’s Waning of the Middle Ages. My analysis shows that narrative entails its own kind of explanatory structure. It is a way of thinking that provides meaning and structure to that which is otherwise unstructured and undetermined. Finally, my new framework offers a foundation for the rational evaluation of narratives by showing how the context of discovery and the context of justification cannot be separated in the case of narrative histories.

Resumen Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen ha teorizado que las narrativas no involucran un tipo de actividad racional, en cambio, parecieran ser sólo una práctica descriptiva que consiste en afirmaciones singulares. Es así que Kuukkanen separa el marco racional del narrativo, argumentando que la historiografía pertenece al primero y no al segundo. Este artículo establece un nuevo marco conceptual que proporciona una comprensión revisada de la narrativa como práctica racional. Sostengo que los principios de organización sacados a la luz por la escuela de psicología experimental de la Gestalt iluminan la lógica organizacional subyacente con la que se involucran los historiadores cuando construyen narrativas. Para ilustrar cómo operan estos principios en las narrativas históricas y cómo son racionales, examino obras históricas clásicas como la introducción del concepto de plusvalía de Karl Marx; la Autobiografía de Giambattista Vico y La civilización del Renacimiento en Italia de Jacob Burckhardt; Futuro Pasado de Reinhart Koselleck; y La formación de la clase obrera en Inglaterra de E.P Thompson y El Otoño de la Edad Media de Johan Huizinga. Mi análisis muestra que la narrativa implica su propio tipo de estructura explicativa ya que es una forma de pensar que proporciona significado y estructura a lo que de otro modo está desestructurado y es indeterminado. Finalmente, mi nuevo marco ofrece una base para la evaluación racional de las narrativas al mostrar cómo el contexto de descubrimiento y el contexto de justificación no pueden separarse en el caso de las historias narrativas.

RESUMO Considerando a carência de trabalhos sobre as potencialidades dos ambientes imersivos na educação, este artigo busca investigar a relevância da Realidade Aumentada no ensino e aprendizagem de vocabulário em inglês como língua estrangeira a curto e longo prazo. Investiga-se também os efeitos deste ambiente imersivo em alunos com diferentes níveis de proficiência, a saber: níveis elementar e intermediário. No âmbito teórico, o estudo é fundamentado nos pressupostos da Teoria da Cognição Corporifica que concebe a mente e nossas experiências corporais com o mundo externo elementos centrais no processamento e aquisição de conhecimento. No âmbito metodológico, o ambiente em Realidade Aumentada usado na presente pesquisa foi aplicado a 15 alunos do Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin e os dados obtidos foram gerados por meio de testes de vocabulário e questionário. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente em Realidade Aumentada pode contribuir significativamente para o aprendizado de vocabulário tanto a curto quanto a longo prazo, com destaque para os alunos de nível intermediário que foram os que mais se beneficiaram do ambiente testado. educação prazo Investigase Investiga proficiência saber teórico conhecimento metodológico 1 IFRJ Eng questionário testado

ABSTRACT Considering the need for studies on the potential of immersive environments in education, this paper aims to investigate the relevance of Augmented Reality in ESL/EFL in the shortand long-term vocabulary learning. It also investigates the effects of this immersive environment on students with different proficiency levels, elementary and intermediate levels. Theoretically, the study is based on the assumptions of the Embodied Cognition theory, which considers the mind and our bodily experiences with the external world as central elements in the processing and acquisition of knowledge. In the methodological scope, the Augmented Reality environment used in this research was applied to 15 students of Ensino Técnico Integrado ao Ensino Médio do IFRJ, campus Eng. Paulo de Frontin and the data collected were generated through vocabulary tests and a questionnaire. The results indicate that the Augmented Reality environment can significantly contribute to vocabulary learning in the short and long term, especially for intermediate level students who benefited the most from the tested environment. education ESLEFL ESL EFL longterm term levels Theoretically theory knowledge scope 1 IFRJ Eng questionnaire

INTRODUCTION: The rising prevalence of stroke in sub-Saharan Africa necessitates the exploration of the role of occupational therapy in rehabilitation of stroke. In the southern African country of South Africa, occupational therapy aligns with healthcare policies and laws, and this article presents a review of synthesized evidence of occupational therapy intervention in stroke care and rehabilitation. METHOD: Rapid review methodology was used to develop a research question about cerebrovascular accident - intervention by occupational therapists., The Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases were searched for relevant articles published between 2018 and 2023. Twenty four articles met the inclusion criteria and were analysed according to quantitative and qualitative parameters. RESULTS: Evidence of occupational therapy intervention with post-stroke upper limb impairment was found in 37,5% of articles. Occupational therapy for global improvement in function, cognitive rehabilitation, balance, social participation, work, and leisure comprised 45,8% of articles, and one article each reported evidence for occupational therapy addressing ADL and caregiver interventions. CONCLUSION: Evidence from the past five years reflect diverse occupational therapy interventions with clients with stroke. Gaps in recent evidence remain in relation to context-specific interventions, especially from low- and middle-income countries. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Occupational therapists adopt a holistic approach to stroke rehabilitation, tailoring interventions to address the multifaceted needs and goals of individual stroke survivors. The effectiveness of individualised, occupation-based approaches across various domains are highlighted. • Therapists stay informed and up to date about emerging technologies and evidence-based practice to enhance their effectiveness in stroke rehabilitation. • This review provides evidence of the prevalence of upper limb impairments post-stroke, which will enable therapists to be well-versed in the diverse intervention approaches for upper limb rehabilitation as outlined in the literature reviewed, including technologies like Brain Computer Interface, Mental Practice, Mirror Therapy, and Action Observation Therapy. • Occupational therapy is vital in addressing cognitive impairments in stroke survivors, and practitioners can apply the evidence provided on interventions such as Virtual Reality and computer-assisted cognitive rehabilitation that have shown promise in improving cognition and ADL.

Abstract Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by obsessions and compulsions. Obsessions correspond to intrusive ideas or images and compulsion is the motor or cognitive act to appease the obsession. Its worldwide prevalence is 3%. There are different factors that influence its appearance, which can be biological, psychological and environmental. Executive functions are a set of skills that regulate cognition and behavior. The objective is to describe the relationship and impact of executive functions in people who suffer from OCD. Materials and methods: Narrative review article based on the state of the art on obsessive-compulsive disorder and executive functions. Results: Various studies report a clinical-anatomical relationship between characteristic signs and symptoms of OCD and alterations evident in executive functions. Executive functions impact functioning in daily life. These functions are strongly related to OCD, generating functional limitations in these patients. For this condition there are treatments such as pharmacological, psychological and surgical therapy. Discussion: There is a need to implement neuropsychological rehabilitation within its treatment to rehabilitate and strengthen such processes, seeking to develop it comprehensively and allow the person to function optimally in their daily lives. Conclusion: Executive functions are a fundamental component for our functioning and autonomy, which is why, since OCD is directly related to failures in these functions, they are considered an important point to take into account when accompanying and treating people who present this condition. disorder.

Resumen Introducción: El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) se caracteriza por obsesiones y compulsiones. Las obsesiones corresponden a ideas o imágenes intrusivas y la compulsión es el acto motor o cognitivo para aplacar la obsesión. Su prevalência mundial es del 3 % y existen diferentes factores que influyen en su aparición, que pueden ser biológicos, psicológicos o ambientales. Por otra parte, las funciones ejecutivas son un conjunto de habilidades que regulan la cognición y el comportamiento, donde este estudio busca describir la relación y afectación de las funciones ejecutivas en personas que padecen TOC. Materiales y métodos: Artículo de revisión narrativa a partir del estado del arte sobre el TOC y las funciones ejecutivas. Resultados: Diversos estudios han reportado la relación clínico-anatómica entre signos y síntomas característicos del TOC y la alteración evidenciada en funciones ejecutivas. Las funciones ejecutivas impactan el funcionamiento en la vida diaria y se encuentran fuertemente relacionadas al TOC, generando limitaciones funcionales en estos pacientes. Para esta afección hay tratamientos como las terapias farmacológica, psicológica y quirúrgica. Discusión: Se encuentra la necesidad de implementar, dentro de su tratamiento, la rehabilitación neuropsicológica para rehabilitar y fortalecer las funciones ejecutivas, buscando que se desarrolle de manera integral y que le permita a la persona desenvolverse de manera óptima en su día a día. Conclusión: Las funciones ejecutivas son un componente fundamental para nuestro funcionamiento y autonomía, es por esto que al estar el TOC directamente relacionado con fallas en estas funciones, se considera un punto importante para tener en cuenta al acompañar y tratar a personas que presentan este trastorno.

Abstract Introducción: Desde marzo del año 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) declaró como pandemia al COVID-19 y esta situación representó grandes retos para los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Los efectos en los cambios de las rutinas diarias, la práctica de actividades lúdicas, el relacionamiento y la salud mental, conllevaron a un deterioro secundario. Nuestro objetivo fue caracterizar el estado emocional y la calidad de vida de una cohorte de pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson, así como explorar cuál fue la percepción de la calidad de vida en la pandemia causada por COVID-19. Métodos: Esta fue una investigación mixta que incluyó un análisis descriptivo para los datos sociodemográficos y las variables clínicas, y un análisis del discurso con base a las categorías relacionadas con la percepción de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con EP. Las categories analizadas fueron: pandemia COVID-19, cuidadores, estrategias de adaptación, manejo de la enfermedad y actividades lúdicas. Resultados: En este estudio hubo 12 pacientes, de los cuales el 75 % tenían una media de edad de 75 años (DE 2,9), donde el 50 % presentó niveles leves de ansiedad y el 41 % presentó niveles leves y graves de depresión. La calidad de vida (CV) estuvo afectada por: la movilidad 37,5 (RIC 10,6-45), seguida por el malestar corporal 25 (RIC 10,4-45,8) y la cognición 21,9 (RIC 14-34,3). El 89 % de los hombres vivía con su esposa y el 67 % de las mujeres vivían con uno de sus hijos. Discusión: La entrevista sobre la percepción de la CV durante la pandemia COVID-19 permitió comprender que la experiencia personal es fundamental para mejorar el manejo y el empoderamiento de los pacientes, cuidadores y familiares. Conclusiones: La calidad de vida es un factor mediado por dimensiones dinámicas y es afectada por la percepción subjetiva y los cambios en el entorno como la pandemia COVID-19.

Resumen Introduction: Since March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 as a pandemic. This crisis had big challenges for the patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), due to the effects related to changes in daily routines, the practice of leisure activities, relationships and mental health leading to secondary deterioration. Our aim was to characterize the emotional state and quality of life in a cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease as well as to explore the perception of the quality of life during the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and methods: This investigation was conducted as an exploratory mixed study. Descriptive analysis for sociodemographic and clinical variables and, a discourse analysis was carried out based on categories related to the perception of quality of life of patients with PD. Categories analyzed were: Covid-19 pandemic, caregivers, adaptation strategies, management of the disease, and leisure activities. Results: There were twelve patients total in this study. 75% were men with a median age of 75 (SD 2.9). 50% presented mild levels of anxiety and 41% presented mild and severe depression. The QoL was affected for: mobility 37.5 (IRC 10.6-45), body discomfort 25 (IQR 10.4-45.8) and, cognition 21.9 (IQR 14-34.3). 89% lived with their wife and 67% of women lived with one of their children. Discussion: The interview about perception of QoL during Covid-19 pandemic allowed to understand that individual experiences are crucial to improve the management and empowerment the patients, caregivers and families. Conclusion: Quality of life is a factor made up of dynamic dimensions and it is influenced for subjective perspective and changes in environment as a Covid-19 pandemic.

Abstract In recent years, the South Korean philosopher living in Germany, Byung-Chul Han, has been setting new paths for philosophical reflection using the theoretical potential that arises from the understanding of the new social, political and economic realities that mark this era of neoliberal evolution and of technological development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Thus, topics such as the transformation of biopolitics into psycho-politics become a very relevant point for the analysis of current societies and their drifts. With this background of thought, this article aims to delve into Han’s arguments, exploring the crucial role that emotions play in societies of performance, fatigue and lack of democracy, resorting to the metaphor of the “hamster wheel” as an image evocative of the dynamics of current societies. In this way, an innovative perspective of the complexity of the 21st Century is presented by delving into certain nuances of Han’s thought in connection with the palpable reality of the emotions that act as the fuel that propels each individual in their own “existential wheel”. This articulation with emotional experiences contributes significantly to contemporary discussions about human nature in contexts of technological innovation.

Resumen En los últimos años, el filósofo surcoreano radicado en Alemania, Byung-Chul Han, viene marcando nuevos derroteros para la reflexión filosófica usando el potencial teórico que surge de la comprensión de las nuevas realidades sociales, políticas y económicas, que marcan esta época de evolución neoliberal y de desarrollo tecnológico, en el contexto de la cuarta Revolución Industrial. Así, temas como la transformación de la biopolítica en psicopolítica se convierten en un punto muy relevante para el análisis de las sociedades actuales y sus derivas. Con este trasfondo de pensamiento, el presente artículo tiene por objetivo sumergirse en las argumentaciones de Han, explorando el papel crucial que desempeñan las emociones en las sociedades del rendimiento, del cansancio y de la infocracia, acudiendo a la metáfora de la “rueda del hámster” como imagen evocadora de las dinámicas de las sociedades actuales. De esta forma, se presenta una perspectiva innovadora de la complejidad del siglo XXI, al adentrarnos en determinados matices del pensamiento de Han, en conexión con la realidad palpable de las emociones, que actúan como el combustible que impulsa a cada individuo en su propia “rueda existencial”. Esta articulación con las experiencias emocionales contribuye de manera significativa a las discusiones contemporáneas acerca de la naturaleza humana en contextos de innovación tecnológica.

Abstract The article addresses the topic of executive functions and learning in university students. It is considered relevant at the present time, due to the diverse affectations that are perceived in the academic performance after the pandemic, problems to regulate their learning, the little capacity to look for relevant information and difficulties to abstract significant aspects of the data of interest are more and more evident. From here, the relevance of better understanding the role of executive functions in learning is raised, for which, we begin with several definitions that coincide in characterizing them as those that regulate, control, mediate the higher and more complex activities performed by the brain; they are located in the frontal cortex and have different rates of development throughout the life cycle, from childhood to young adulthood when they reach their full development. In addition to this, the components of executive functions are described, since they are varied depending on the authors and their relationship with learning. The approach is eminently neuropsychological, but there is a brief dialogue with the philosophy of Heidegger, Hume, and Locke. It concludes with several suggestions of possible activities that can be carried out to develop these functions in students.

Resumen El artículo aborda el tema de las funciones ejecutivas (FE) y el aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios. Se considera relevante en el momento actual, debido a las diversas afectaciones que se perciben en el rendimiento académico luego de la pandemia, siendo cada vez más evidentes los problemas para regular el aprendizaje, la poca capacidad para buscar información relevante y las dificultades para abstraer aspectos significativos de los datos de interés. Desde aquí se plantea la relevancia de comprender mejor el papel de las FE en el aprendizaje, para lo cual, se inicia con varias definiciones que coinciden en caracterizarlas como aquellas que regulan, controlan y mediatizan las actividades superiores y más complejas que realiza el cerebro; se las ubica en el córtex frontal y tienen diversas tasas de desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo vital, desde la infancia hasta la adultez joven, en la que alcanzan su pleno desarrollo. Agregado a esto, se describen los componentes de las FE, puesto que son variados dependiendo de los autores y su relación con el aprendizaje. El enfoque es eminentemente neuropsicológico, pero se realiza un breve diálogo con la filosofía de Heidegger, Hume y Locke. Se concluye con varias sugerencias de posibles actividades que pueden llevarse a cabo para desarrollar estas funciones en los estudiantes.

This study delves into the dynamic interplay between GeoGebra, a prominent interactive digital tool, and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) cognition, focusing on teachers. Anchored by the objective to unravel how GeoGebra influences conceptual understanding and visualisation, the research hypothesises that GeoGebra significantly influences cognitive outcomes in STEM cognition. Thus, aiming to assess the hypothesis that GeoGebra significantly influences cognitive outcomes, a Multi-Group Analysis (MGA) using Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was employed. Data was collected through a survey designed to capture the experiences and interactions of 71 teachers with GeoGebra. The significant direct pathways (Analogical Comparison Principle (ACP) and Error and Misconceptions Reflection Principle (EMR) and between Mathematical and Computational Algorithms (MCA) and Analogical Comparison Principle (ACP)) established empirical evidence to the theory that GeoGebra can facilitate conceptual understanding as well as cognitive development. Additionally, the indirect pathways with no significant effects such as Mathematical Cognition (MAS) to ACP to EMR was indicative of the fact that influence of GeoGebra operates more through direct interactions with the software as opposed to through mediated learning processes. The conclusion is that influence of GeoGebra is not uniform across all contexts, indicative of the fact that factors such as geographical location play a critical role in shaping the software's effectiveness in enhancing STEM education. In sum, while GeoGebra is a potent interactive digital tool for enhancing STEM cognition, the results call for tailored strategies in integrating digital tools like GeoGebra, by considering the specific needs of different learning context, particularly paying attention to the contrast between urban and rural educational settings.

Resumo Objetivo: Na Colômbia, existe uma brecha importante entre a regulamentação relacionada ao reconhecimento de direitos, inclusão e mecanismos para a proteção dos meninos com deficiência e a implementação da norma. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estúdio pode explorar as representações sociais da paralisia cerebral em mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral. Metodologia: Recolha a informação das madres com crianças com paralisia cerebral que consulte um centro de neurorreabilitação em Cali, Colômbia entre enero e febrero de 2022 usando o listado livre e o guia de pares. Resultados: Para as mães a paralisia cerebral é a alteração de movimento que se junta com a dificuldade de aprendizagem e comunicação gera grande demanda de atenção por parte do cuidador acompanhado de sentimentos de resignação antes das seqüelas da lesão no cérebro e na discriminação percepção social. Conclusões: Las representaciones sociales sobre la paralisis cerebral dejan ver una visão negativa y poco esperanzadora de recuperação, así como resiliência de parte de los cuidadores.

Resumen Objetivo: en Colombia, existe una brecha importante entre la reglamentación relacionada con el reconocimiento de derechos, inclusión y mecanismos para la protección de los niños con discapacidad y la implementación de la norma. En este contexto, el objetivo de este estudio fue explorar las representaciones sociales de la parálisis cerebral en madres de niños con parálisis cerebral. Metodología: se realizó un estudio cualitativo bajo el enfoque estructuralista de las representaciones sociales para caracterizar el contenido y la organización de las representaciones sociales de la parálisis cerebral de madres de niños con parálisis cerebral que consultaron a un centro de neurorrehabilitación en Cali, Colombia entre enero y febrero de 2022. Como técnicas de recolección se utilizaron el listado libre y el cuestionario de pares. Resultados: para las madres la parálisis cerebral es la alteración de movimiento que junto con la dificultad de aprendizaje y comunicación generan gran demanda de atención por parte del cuidador acompañado de sentimientos de resignación ante las secuelas de la lesión en el cerebro y la discriminación social percibida. Conclusiones: las representaciones sociales sobre la parálisis cerebral dejan percibir una visión negativa y poco esperanzadora de recuperación, así como resiliencia por parte de los cuidadores.

Abstract Objective: In Colombia, there is a significant gap between the regulations related to the recognition of rights, inclusion, and mechanisms for the protection of children with disabilities and the implementation of the law. In this context, the aim of this study was to explore the social representations of cerebral palsy in mothers of children with cerebral palsy. Methodology: We collected information from mothers with children with cerebral palsy who consulted a neurorrehabilitation center in Cali, Colombia between January and February 2022 using the free list and the peer questionnaire. Results: For mothers, cerebral palsy is a movement disorder that, together with learning and communication difficulties, generates a great demand for care by the caregiver, accompanied by feelings of resignation in the face of the consequences of the brain injury and perceived social discrimination. Conclusions: The social representations on cerebral palsy reveal a negative and hopeless view of recovery, as well as resilience on the part of caregivers.

Abstract Autism is a neurobiologically based neurodevelop mental disorder with high prevalence and a clear pre dominance in males. It is characterized by deficits in social cognition and communication, restricted inter ests, and stereotyped behaviors, frequently associated with sensory dysfunction others neurodevelopmental conditions, neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, and/or sleep disorders. This condition will accompany people throughout their lives, which will generate various sup port and treatment needs. People with autism often need to “fit in” and for this they use techniques such as camouflage, also called masking. This attitude has been observed in people with typical development and in people with autism in childhood, adolescence and adult life, although in autistic people this behavior is more intense and takes longer and with more frequency and intensity in autistic adult women. This could explain the underreporting of autism, the later diagnosis, the delay in the therapeutic approach, and the greater presence of anxiety and depression disorders related to the effort that “appearing normal” implies. Even though camouflage people appear to be “normal” and fit in perfectly, this is not an attitude that we should promote and, on the contrary, it is imperative to work to improve the environment and the under standing of each person. In this paper we will analyze the clinical aspects, their relationship with age, sex, and ways of detecting it.

Resumen El autismo es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo de base neurobiológica con alta prevalencia y claro predo mino en varones. Se caracteriza por déficits en la cog nición social y la comunicación, intereses restringidos y conductas estereotipadas, frecuentemente asociado a disfunciones sensoriales, otras condiciones del neuro desarrollo, trastornos neuropsiquiátricos, epilepsia y/o trastornos de sueño. Esta condición acompañará a las personas a lo largo de toda la vida, lo cual generará diversas necesidades de apoyo y tratamientos. Las personas con autismo muchas veces necesitan “encajar”, para ello utilizan técnicas como el camuflaje, también denominada enmascara miento. Esta actitud se ha observado en personas con desarrollo típico y en personas con autismo en la infan cia, adolescencia y vida adulta, aunque en los autistas esta conducta es más intensa y lleva más tiempo, y se la identifica con más frecuencia e intensidad en mujeres adultas autistas. Esto podría explicar el subregistro de autismo, el diagnóstico más tardío, el retraso en el abordaje tera péutico y la mayor presencia de trastornos de ansiedad y depresión relacionados al esfuerzo que implica “pa recer normal”. Si bien las personas al camuflar parecen ser “normales” y encajan perfectamente, ésta no es una actitud que debiera propiciarse, por el contrario es imperativo trabajar para mejorar el entorno y la com prensión de cada persona. En este trabajo analizamos los aspectos clínicos, su relación con la edad, sexo, y formas de detección del mismo.

RESUMEN Este estudio examina los predictores cognitivos, sociopolíticos y sociodemográficos de la evaluación y disposición para difundir desinformación sobre COVID-19 a través de WhatsApp. Utilizando una encuesta en línea, una muestra conveniente de 553 adultos costarricenses fue expuesta a desinformación sobre vacunas y la respuesta estatal a la pandemia. Los resultados muestran que las personas que respaldan ideologías autoritarias, conservadoras y proestatales, y aquellas con un pensamiento reflexivo bajo, eran más propensas a creer y compartir desinformación. Además, entre las personas con bajo pensamiento reflexivo, los adultos mayores eran más propensos a detectar desinformación. Además, los individuos altamente religiosos y los jóvenes conservadores con menor educación expresaron una mayor disposición para compartir desinformación.

ABSTRACT This study examines cognitive, socio-political, and socio-demographic predictors of the evaluation and willingness to share disinformation about COVID-19 via WhatsApp. Using an online survey, a convenience sample of 553 Costa Rican adults were exposed to disinformation about vaccines and the state’s response to the pandemic. Results show that people who support authoritarian, conservative and pro-state ideologies, and those with low reflective thinking, were more likely to believe and share disinformation. Moreover, among people with low reflective thinking, older people were more likely to detect disinformation. Finally, highly religious individuals and younger conservatives with lower education expressed more willingness to share disinformation.

Abstract Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is a sensorimotor neurological disorder that affects sleep and has a significant impact on mood, behavior, cognition, and function. Genetics, the brain dopamine system, and iron deficiency are known to play important roles in its pathophysiology. The aim of this study was to review the current evidence on the effectiveness of oral iron supplementation in the treatment of pediatric RLS. A total of six publications were included: one guideline and five observational studies. Although there is limited evidence to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness of oral iron in the treatment of pediatric RLS, initiation of oral iron at a dose of 3−8.5 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks when ferritin levels are below 50 ng/dL appears to be beneficial. Given the small number of studies on this topic and their limitations, B-level SORT strength of recommendation was assigned.

Resumo A síndrome das pernas inquietas (SPI) é um distúrbio neurológico sensório-motor que afeta o sono, com consequente impacto negativo no humor, comportamento, capacidade cognitiva e funcional. Fatores genéticos, disfunção dopaminérgica e défice de ferro têm sido apontados como contribuintes importantes na sua fisiopatologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever a evidência atual sobre a efetividade da suplementação com ferro oral no tratamento da SPI pediátrica. Foram incluídos 6 artigos: 1 guideline e 5 estudos observacionais. Apesar de não existir evidência suficiente para tirar conclusões sobre a efetividade do ferro oral no tratamento da SPI pediátrica, a suplementação com este agente na dose de 3−8,5 mg/kg/dia durante um período de 12 semanas parece ser benéfica em casos de níveis de ferritina inferiores a 50 ng/dL. Tendo em consideração o pequeno número de estudos sobre o tema e as suas limitações, foi atribuída uma força de recomendação SORT B.

Abstract Introduction: End of life care of patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) may be particularly challenging and requires the intervention of a specialized palliative care team (PCT). Objective: To characterize the population of ESKD patients referred to a PCT and evaluate the determinants of planned dying at home. Methods: We performed a retrospective observational cohort study of all patients with ESKD referred to our PCT between January 2014 and December 2021 (n = 60) and further characterized those with previously known ESKD regarding place of death (n = 53). Results: The majority of the patients were female and the median age was 84 years. Half of the patients were on conservative treatment, 43% were on chronic hemodialysis, and the remainder underwent hemodialysis on a trial basis and were subsequently suspended. Of those with previously known ESKD, 18% died at home and neither gender, age, cognition, performance status, comorbidities, CKD etiology, or treatment modality were associated with place of death. Anuria was significantly associated with dying at the hospital as was shorter time from dialysis suspension and death. Although not reaching statistical significance, we found a tendency towards a longer duration of palliative care follow-up in those dying at home. Conclusion: Dying at home is possible in a palliative domiciliary program regardless of age, gender, etiology of CKD, major comorbidities, and treatment modality. Anuria and shorter survival from RRT withdrawal may be limiting factors for planned dying at home. A longer follow-up by palliative care may favor dying at home. Introduction endstage end stage (ESKD PCT. . (PCT) Objective Methods 201 202 n 60 53. 53 53) Results 8 years 43 suspended 18 gender cognition status comorbidities significance followup follow up Conclusion (PCT 20 6 5 4 1 2

Resumo Introdução: Os cuidados de fim de vida em doentescom doença renal terminal (DRT) podem ser desafiantes e necessitar do apoio de uma equipa especializada em cuidados paliativos (ECP). Objetivo: Caracterizar a população de doentes com DRT encaminhada à ECP e avaliar os determinantes para um fim de vida planeado no domicílio. Métodos: Realizámos um estudo de coorte observacional retrospectivo dos doentes com DRT encaminhados à ECP entre janeiro/2014 e dezembro/2021 (n = 60) e caracterizámos aqueles com DRT previamente conhecida relativamente ao local de fim de vida (n = 53). Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres comidade mediana de 84 anos. Metade dos doentes encontrava-se em tratamento conservador, 43% em hemodiálise crónica e os restantes suspenderam diálise iniciada agudamente. Daqueles com DRT previamente conhecida, 18% morreram em casa. Não foi objetivada associação entre género, idade, cognição, status funcional, comorbilidades, etiologia da DRC ou modalidade de tratamento da DRT e o local de óbito. A anúria e a menor sobrevida após suspensão de diálise associaram-se a um fim de vida no hospital e verificámos uma tendência para o fim de vida em casa nos doentes com mais tempo de acompanhamento pela ECP. Conclusão: O fim de vida no domicílio é possível num programa domiciliário de cuidados paliativos, independentemente de idade, sexo, etiologia da DRC, principais comorbilidades e modalidade de tratamento. A anúria e o menor tempo de sobrevida após suspensão da TRS podem ser fatores limitantes. Um acompanhamento mais longo em cuidados paliativos pode favorecer o fim de vida no domicílio. Introdução (DRT . (ECP) Objetivo Métodos janeiro2014 janeiro 2014 janeiro/201 dezembro2021 dezembro 2021 dezembro/202 n 60 53. 53 53) Resultados 8 anos encontravase encontrava se conservador 43 agudamente 18 género idade cognição funcional óbito associaramse associaram Conclusão sexo limitantes (ECP janeiro201 201 janeiro/20 dezembro202 202 dezembro/20 6 5 4 1 janeiro20 20 janeiro/2 dezembro20 dezembro/2 janeiro2 2 janeiro/ dezembro2 dezembro/