ABSTRACT The mangroves are exposed to threats such as sea level rise, coastal erosion, increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme events, in addition to socioeconomic pressures. This study aimed to carry out a vulnerability and risk climate analysis for the Colombian mangrove socioecosystem. 22 threat indicators, eight of sensitivity and 18 of adaptive capacity were used, and through multivariate numerical analysis, the vulnerability and climate risk indices for Colombian Pacific and Caribbean mangroves were generated. The mangroves that presented the highest risk in the Caribbean were located in the Manaure, Tubará and, Puerto Escondido municipalities, while in the Pacific these high-risk areas were located on the southern coast in the Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro, and La Tola municipalities, and in the northern coast in the Bahía Solano municipality. The threat indicators that captured the greatest variability in the analysis were: sea level rise, change in the coastline, change in water supply, change in mangrove coverage due to change in the coastline, change in temperature and precipitation due to El Niño and La Niña, and human footprint. These results are input for climate management of mangroves in Colombia and will contribute to the National Mangrove Program. Likewise, it can contribute to the National Mangrove Restoration Plan, the Nationally Determined Contribution of Colombia (NDC), the Long-Term Climate Strategy of Colombia E 2050, and the Territorial Plans for Climate Change Adaptation of the states and municipalities.

RESUMEN Los manglares están expuestos a amenazas como el aumento del nivel del mar, la erosión costera, el aumento de la frecuencia e intensidad de eventos extremos, además de presiones socioeconómicas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo realizar un análisis de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para el socioecosistema de manglar de Colombia. Se utilizaron 22 indicadores de amenaza, 8 de sensibilidad y 18 de capacidad adaptativa; mediante un análisis numérico multivariado se generaron los índices de vulnerabilidad y riesgo climático para los manglares del Pacífico y del Caribe de Colombia. Los manglares que presentaron mayor riesgo en el Caribe se ubicaron en los municipios de Manaure, Tubará y Puerto Escondido, mientras que en el Pacífico estas áreas de alto riesgo se ubicaron en la costa sur, en los municipios de Olaya Herrera, Francisco Pizarro y La Tola, y en la costa norte de Bahía Solano. Los indicadores de amenaza que capturaron la mayor variabilidad del análisis fueron: el aumento del nivel del mar, el cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la oferta hídrica, el cambio en la cobertura de manglares por cambio en la línea de costa, el cambio en la temperatura y la precipitación debido a El Niño y La Niña, y la huella humana. Estos resultados son un insumo para la gestión climática de los manglares en Colombia y contribuirán al Programa Nacional de Manglares. Asimismo, podrán contribuir al Plan Nacional de Restauración de Manglares, la Contribución Nacionalmente Determinada de Colombia (NDC), la Estrategia Climática de Largo Plazo de Colombia E2050, y los Planes Territoriales de Adaptación al Cambio Climático de los departamentos y municipios.

ABSTRACT The Yunguyo coastline has been subject to a growing process of severe contamination as a result of anthropic action. The study analyzes the pro-environmental concerns and behaviors of the Yunguyo population regarding environmental management, coastal pollution and effects on human health. The research design is non-experimental, transversal; the approach is quantitative, of a descriptive and correlational nature, level of micro analysis and socio-environmental dimension. The study population comprises 17,343 people over 18 years of age; the sample determined at simple random was 332 heads of family. The data collection technique is the survey through a structured questionnaire. Results: The environmental concerns of the majority of the population are positive regarding sanitation, sources of contamination of the coastal coastline and negative effects on human health. The pro-environmental behaviors of the majority of the urban population of Yunguyo are adequate in environmental management, sanitation and hygiene conditions at home, and access to public social services. Conclusion: There is a relationship between concerns and pro-environmental behaviors of the population regarding environmental management and contamination of the coastal coastline.

RESUMEN El litoral costero de Yunguyo viene siendo objeto de un proceso creciente de contaminación severa producto de la acción antrópica. El estudio analiza las preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población de Yunguyo sobre gestión ambiental, contaminación del litoral costero y efectos en la salud humana. El diseño de investigación es no experimental, transversal; el enfoque es cuantitativo, de carácter descriptivo y correlacional, nivel de análisis micro y dimensión socioambiental. La población del estudio comprende 17 343 personas mayores de 18 años; la muestra determinada al azar simple fue de 332 jefes de familia. La técnica de recolección de datos es la encuesta a través de un cuestionario estructurado. Resultados: Las preocupaciones ambientales de la mayoría de la población son positivas respecto a saneamiento, fuentes de contaminación del litoral costero y efectos negativos en la salud humana. Los comportamientos proambientales de la mayoría de la población urbana de Yunguyo son adecuados en gestión ambiental, condiciones de sanidad e higiene en el hogar y acceso a servicios sociales públicos. Conclusión: Existe relación entre preocupaciones y comportamientos proambientales de la población respecto a gestión ambiental y contaminación del litoral costero.

Abstract: Coastal areas play a vital role in society, creating a favorable environment for a wide range of social, cultural and economic activities, including culinary recreational opportunities. This study analyzes the experiences of visitors to bars and restaurants on the coast of the conurbation of La Serena and Coquimbo, the fourth most populated metropolitan area in Chile and one of the main sun and beach tourist destinations in the country. The data, collected through a survey of 536 visitors, were analyzed using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. It was revealed that tourists exhibit high satisfaction and loyalty, with key determining factors being the beauty of the establishments, the quality of the service and the gastronomic offer. In addition, it was found that the probability of satisfaction increases for frequent visitors to the area, women, people with lower incomes and with a post-secondary education, and those motivated to escape from routine or meet with family or friends. It is concluded that effectively managing the link between gastronomy and coastal tourism is crucial to position the area as a top-level tourist destination.

Resumen: Las zonas costeras desempeñan un papel vital en la sociedad, creando un entorno favorable para una amplia gama de actividades sociales, culturales y económicas, incluidas oportunidades recreativas culinarias. Este estudio analiza las experiencias de los visitantes de bares y restaurantes en la costa de la conurbación de La Serena y Coquimbo, la cuarta área metropolitana más poblada de Chile y uno de los principales destinos turísticos de sol y playa del país. Los datos, recogidos mediante una encuesta a 536 visitantes, fueron analizados usando métodos estadísticos descriptivos y multivariados. Se reveló que los turistas exhiben alta satisfacción y lealtad, siendo factores determinantes clave la belleza de los establecimientos, la calidad del servicio y la oferta gastronómica. Además, se encontró que la probabilidad de satisfacción aumenta para los visitantes frecuentes de la zona, las mujeres, las personas de menores ingresos y con educación superior y aquellos motivados por escapar de la rutina o reunirse con familiares o amigos. Se concluye que gestionar eficazmente el vínculo entre gastronomía y turismo costero es crucial para posicionar la zona como un destino turístico de primer nivel.

Resumen Durante las primeras excavaciones realizadas en el Parador QB (Parque Nacional Islote Lobos, costa Rionegrina) se recuperaron huesos de aves en los conjuntos zooarqueológicos. Al igual que en otras localidades arqueológicas del litoral Nordpatagónico, la representación de este taxón es escasa, aunque los huesos presentan buen estado de preservación. Con el objetivo de explorar el papel de las aves en la subsistencia de las sociedades cazadoras-recolectoras que ocuparon este litoral durante el Holoceno tardío, desarrollamos un estudio tafonómico para establecer si la depositación de sus huesos se debe a la acción antrópica o a causas naturales. La evaluación tafonómica de los restos avifaunísticos es fundamental dado que actualmente existen áreas de nidificación de diversas aves marino-costeras próximas a los sitios arqueológicos, por lo que sería factible la “contaminación ósea” -o mezcla de huesos naturales y materiales arqueológicos. Se concluye que los huesos de aves de los tres loci tienen trayectorias tafonómicas similares, mientras que la mezcla de restos óseos de diferente origen se registró principalmente en el caso de los pingüinos de Magallanes. Por último, señalar que, aunque las aves no son tan abundantes, tuvieron un lugar importante en el repertorio de presas de los cazadores-recolectores de la región.

Abstract During the first excavations carried out at the Parador QB (Islote Lobos National Park, Rio Negro coast), bird bones were recovered in the zooarchaeological assemblages. As in other archaeological localities on the North Patagonian coast, the representation of this taxon is scarce, although the bones present a good state of preservation. With the aim of exploring the role of birds in the subsistence of the hunter-gatherer societies that occupied this coastline during the Late Holocene, a taphonomic study was developed to establish whether the deposition of bird bones was due to anthropogenic action or to natural causes. The taphonomic evaluation of the avifauna remains is essential given that currently there are nesting areas of various marine-coastal birds close to the archaeological sites, so that "bone contamination," or the mixing of natural bones and archaeological materials, can result. It is concluded that bird bones from the three loci have similar taphonomic trajectories, while modern bones mixed with the archaeological materials were mainly of Magellanic penguins. Finally, it should be noted that, although bird bones are not abundant, birds had an important place in the prey repertoire of the hunter-gatherers of the region.

Abstract In this paper, an assessment of the state of coastal territories of Ecuador monitoring issue is conducted. The use of an autonomous robotic aerial platform is proposed as a technical solution to enhance the efficiency of remote surveillance missions performed by national security services along coastline. Considering the UAV nonlinear flight dynamics, as well as the missing information of the environment, is designed a UAV hierarchical control structure composed of an adaptive PID based MPC control strategy. The implementation of an adaptive PID based MPC controller leads to significantly improve the UAV optimal trajectory tracking task, as well as satisfy properties such as adaptiveness, self-learning, and capability of handling uncertainties caused by the unpredictable behavior of sea currents and wind loads retaining robust performance features. In this work, the investigation of external disturbances on UAV stabilization and positioning accuracy considers swirling wind flows and short-term wind gusts. These correspond to deterministic and random processes, are mathematically represented as trigonometric functions with random amplitudes determined by the gust coefficients and the wind loading periods of the pulses. The established range is given by a set of several observations of wind loads in the coastal territories of Ecuador. The analyzed data is collected from the database of national meteorological stations. Finally, the simulation process of the perturbed controlled motion of the UAV along a segmented linear trajectory, as well as the data analysis and graphics are carried out in the MATLAB environment.

Resumen En este trabajo se realiza una evaluación del estado de los territorios costeros del Ecuador en términos de monitoreo. El uso de una plataforma aérea robótica autónoma se propone como una solución técnica para mejorar la eficiencia de las misiones de vigilancia remota realizadas por los servicios de seguridad nacional a lo largo de la zona costanera. Considerando la no linealidad de la dinámica de un UAV, así como la inexistencia de información sobre el entorno, se ha diseñado una estructura jerárquica de control compuesta por una estrategia adaptativa de PID basada en un controlador MPC. La implementación del controlador adaptativo PID basado en MPC conduce a mejorar significativamente la tarea de seguimiento de trayectoria óptima del UAV, así como a satisfacer propiedades tales como la adaptabilidad, el autoaprendizaje y la capacidad de manejar incertidumbres causadas por el comportamiento impredecible de las corrientes marinas y las cargas de viento, manteniendo características robustas de rendimiento. En este trabajo, la investigación de los efectos de las perturbaciones externas sobre la estabilización y precisión de posicionamiento del UAV considera flujos arremolinados y ráfagas de corta duración. Estos corresponden a procesos deterministas y aleatorios, son representados matemáticamente como funciones trigonométricas con amplitudes aleatorias determinadas por los coeficientes de perturbaciones y los períodos de carga de viento de las pulsaciones. El rango establecido se da mediante un conjunto de varias observaciones de cargas de viento en los territorios costeros de Ecuador. Los datos analizados son recogidos de la base de datos de las estaciones meteorológicas nacionales. Finalmente, el proceso de simulación del movimiento controlado perturbado del UAV a lo largo de una trayectoria lineal segmentada, así como el análisis de datos y gráficos, se llevan a cabo en el entorno de MATLAB.

Abstract Introduction: The sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 is a common echinoderm in intertidal regions along the Brazilian coast, which recently became the focus of unreported and unregulated fisheries. This study was carried out in sandy-rocky substrates at Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina (26o47’ S; 48o36’ W), near its southern limit of geographic distribution. Objective: To determine the densities (individuals*m-2) of Holothuria (H.) grisea within a spatial-temporal perspective as well as to determine biometric and growth characteristics of the population. Methods: Two-meter wide transects perpendicular to the coastline were carried out in winter and spring 2019 and in summer and spring 2020, in periods of spring low-tides. In each sampling occasion the total number of specimens of H. grisea were determined, and a group of 90 organisms was submitted to in situ biometrics (weight, length and width), and immediately returned alive to their habitat. Results: The densities of H. (H.) grisea were significantly higher in the subtidal sector and lower in the upper intertidal sector with no indication of significant differences among sampling campaigns. Depth was the primary factor explaining the observed density patterns and rugosity of the substrate was secondary but also important. The body length ranged from 5.2 to 22.5 cm, whereas the weight varied from 6.0 to 230 g. The mean and modal lengths were 12.54 and 13 cm, respectively. Approximately 75 % of the population sampled was between 10 and 14 cm and the average weight was 60 g. Estimates from von Bertalanffy growth function indicate that the youngest sea cucumber was one year-old, and the oldest had approximately two and a half years. Conclusions: This is the first study to determine biometric parameters for H. (H.) grisea in southern Brazil and the first one to estimate growth and age estimates for a wild population of this species. The densities recorded in the present study were lower than those previously reported for this region, suggesting anthropic influence.

Resumen Introducción: El pepino de mar Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 es un equinodermo común en las regiones intermareales a lo largo de la costa brasileña, que recientemente se convirtió en foco de pesquerías no declaradas y no reguladas. Este estudio se realizó en sustratos arenosos-rocosos en Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina (26o47’ S; 48o36’ W), cerca del límite sur de su distribución geográfica. Objetivo: Determinar las densidades (individuos*m-2) de Holothuria (H.) grisea dentro de una perspectiva espacio-temporal así como determinar las características biométricas y de crecimiento de la población. Métodos: Se realizaron transectos de dos metros de ancho perpendiculares a la línea de costa en invierno y primavera de 2019 y en verano y primavera de 2020, en periodos de bajamar sicigia. En cada ocasión de muestreo se determinó el número total de especímenes de H. (H.) grisea, y se sometió un grupo de 90 organismos a biometría in situ (peso, longitud y ancho), e inmediatamente se los devolvieron vivos a su hábitat. Resultados: Las densidades de H. (H.) grisea fueron significativamente más altas en el sector submareal y más bajas en el sector intermareal superior sin indicios de diferencias significativas entre las campañas de muestreo. La profundidad fue el factor principal que explica los patrones de densidad observados y la rugosidad del sustrato fue secundaria pero también importante. La longitud del cuerpo varió de 5.2 a 22.5 cm, mientras que el peso varió de 6.0 a 230 g. Las longitudes media y modal fueron 12.54 y 13 cm, respectivamente. Aproximadamente el 75 % de la población muestreada midió entre 10 y 14 cm y el peso promedio fue de 60 g. Estimados de la función de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy indican que el ejemplar más joven presentaba un año de edad, mientras el más viejo presentaba cerca de dos años y medio. Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio que determina parámetros biométricos para una población de H. (H.) grisea en el sur de Brasil y el primero en estimar el crecimiento y edades para una población salvaje de esta especie. Las densidades registradas en el presente estudio fueron inferiores a las reportadas previamente para esta región sugiriendo la ocurrencia de influencia antrópica.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar o tamanho na primeira maturidade sexual (Lm) para 36 espécies pertencentes a 24 famílias do hábitat marinho do Baluchistão e Sindh, no Mar Arábico, Paquistão, por meio de modelo empírico e logístico com base no comprimento máximo usando captura comercial, durante junho de 2020 e maio de 2021. O comprimento total individual (TL) foi anotado até 0,1 cm usando medição ampla. O Lm foi calculado por duas fórmulas; (i) log (Lm) = - 0,1246 + 0,9924 * log (Lmax) para elasmobrânquios; e (ii) log (Lm) = - 0,1189 + 0,9157* log (Lmax) para peixes com nadadeiras raiadas. O Lm mínimo foi de 10,27 cm de TL para Caranx malabaricus, e o máximo, de 108,38 cm de TL para Isurus oxyrinchus. Em 58,33% das espécies com Lm foram encontradas faixas de 19,00 cm a 25,00 cm de TL. Este estudo estimou que 16 espécies com Lm estão globalmente ausentes e as 20 espécies restantes com Lm estão ausentes no Mar Arábico (hábitats costeiros do Paquistão). Portanto, os resultados serão úteis para o manejo sustentável e a conservação desses peixes marinhos por meio do estabelecimento da malhagem das redes de arrasto com base no tamanho na primeira maturidade sexual (Lm).

Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the size at first sexual maturity (Lm) for 36 species belonging to 24 families from the marine habitat of Balochistan and Sindh in Arabian Sea, Pakistan through maximum length based an empirical and logistic model using commercial catch during June 2020 to May 2021. Individual total length (TL) was noted up to 0.1 cm using measuring broad. The Lm was calculated using two formulae; (i) log (Lm) = - 0.1246 + 0.9924 * log (Lmax) for Elasmobranchs and (ii) log (Lm) = -0.1189 + 0.9157* log (Lmax) for ray-finned fishes. The minimum Lm was recorded as 10.27 cm TL for Caranx malabaricus and 108.38 cm TL for Isurus oxyrinchus, respectively. Around Lm with 58.33% species were ranges from 19.00 cm to 25.00 cm TL. This study was estimated 16 newly Lm which is globally absent and rest 20 Lm are absent in the Arabian Sea (Pakistan coastal habitats). Therefore, the results will be helpful for the sustainable management and conservation of these marine fishes through the establishment of mesh size of trawl nets based on the size at sexual maturity (Lm).

Abstract Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are two closely related protozoans that infect a wide range of animals, including birds. However, the occurrence of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the presence of T. gondii and N. caninum DNA in tissue samples of seabirds. Tissue samples of the pectoral muscles, heart, and brain were collected from 47 birds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State, SC, Brazil. The DNA was extracted from the tissues and screened using nested-PCR (nPCR) targeting internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1). T. gondii DNA was detected in tissues from seven seabirds (7/47, 14.8%), kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) (5/21), and Manx shearwater (Puffinus puffinus) (2/8). N. caninum DNA was detected in tissues of nine seabirds (9/47, 19.1%), the kelp gull (L. dominicanus) (4/21), Manx shearwater (P. puffinus) (2/8), neotropic cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) (1/4), brown booby (Sula leucogaster) (1/5), and white-chinned petrel (Procellaria aequinoctialis) (1/1); however, no co-infection was observed. In conclusion, this study showed the circulation of N. caninum and T. gondii in seabirds along the coastline of Santa Catarina State. Further studies are required to clarify the role of these birds in the epidemiology of neosporosis and toxoplasmosis. animals However N T unknown Therefore muscles heart 4 State SC Brazil nestedPCR nested PCR nPCR (nPCR ITS1. ITS1 ITS . (ITS1) 7/47, 747 7 (7/47 14.8%, 148 14.8% , 14 8 14.8%) Larus dominicanus 5/21, 521 5/21 5 21 (5/21) Puffinus puffinus 2/8. 28 2/8 2 (2/8) 9/47, 947 9 (9/47 19.1%, 191 19.1% 19 19.1%) L. L (L 4/21, 421 4/21 (4/21) P. P (P 2/8, Phalacrocorax brasilianus 1/4, 1/4 (1/4) Sula leucogaster 1/5, 15 1/5 (1/5) whitechinned white chinned Procellaria aequinoctialis 1/1 11 (1/1) however coinfection co infection observed conclusion toxoplasmosis (ITS1 7/47 74 (7/4 14.8 52 5/2 (5/21 2/ (2/8 9/47 94 (9/4 19.1 42 4/2 (4/21 1/ (1/4 (1/5 (1/1 (ITS 7/4 (7/ 14. 5/ (5/2 (2/ 9/4 (9/ 19. 4/ (4/2 (1/ 7/ (7 (5/ (2 9/ (9 (4/ (1 ( (5 (4

Resumo Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum são dois protozoários intimamente relacionados que infectam uma ampla gama de animais, incluindo-se aves. Entretanto, a ocorrência de N. caninum e T. gondii em aves marinhas é desconhecida. Portanto, este estudo objetivou determinar a presença de DNA de T. gondii e N. caninum em amostras de tecidos, coletadas de 47 aves marinhas. Amostras de tecidos dos músculos peitorais, coração e cérebro foram coletadas de 47 aves marinhas mortas ao longo da costa do estado de Santa Catarina, SC, Brasil. O DNA foi extraído dos tecidos e testado, usando-se a reação em cadeia da polimerase nested (nPCR), tendo em vista o espaçador interno transcrito 1 (ITS1). O DNA de T. gondii foi detectado em tecidos de sete aves marinhas (7/47, 14,8%), como gaivota (Larus dominicanus) (5/21) e bobo-pequeno (Puffinus puffinus) (2/8). O DNA de N. caninum foi detectado em tecidos de nove aves marinhas (9/47, 19,1%); gaivota (L. dominicanus) (4/21), bobo-pequeno (P. puffinus) (2/8), corvo-marinho (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) 1/4), atobá-pardo (Sula leucogaster) (1/5), e pardela-preta (Procellaria aequinoctialis) (1/1). No entanto, não foi observada coinfecção. Em conclusão, este estudo demonstrou a circulação de N. caninum e T. gondii em aves marinhas ao longo da costa de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Mais estudos são necessários para esclarecer o papel dessas aves na epidemiologia da neosporose e da toxoplasmose. animais incluindose incluindo se Entretanto N T desconhecida Portanto 4 peitorais Catarina SC Brasil testado usandose usando nPCR, nPCR , (nPCR) ITS1. ITS1 ITS . (ITS1) 7/47, 747 7 (7/47 14,8%, 148 14,8% 14 8 14,8%) Larus dominicanus 5/21 521 5 21 (5/21 bobopequeno bobo pequeno Puffinus puffinus 2/8. 28 2/8 2 (2/8) 9/47, 947 9 (9/47 19,1% 191 19 19,1%) L. L (L 4/21, 421 4/21 (4/21) P. P (P 2/8, corvomarinho corvo marinho Phalacrocorax brasilianus 1/4, 1/4 1/4) atobápardo atobá pardo Sula leucogaster 1/5, 15 1/5 (1/5) pardelapreta pardela preta Procellaria aequinoctialis 1/1. 11 1/1 (1/1) entanto coinfecção conclusão toxoplasmose (nPCR (ITS1 7/47 74 (7/4 14,8 5/2 52 (5/2 2/ (2/8 9/47 94 (9/4 19,1 42 4/2 (4/21 1/ (1/5 (1/1 (ITS 7/4 (7/ 14, 5/ (5/ (2/ 9/4 (9/ 19, 4/ (4/2 (1/ 7/ (7 (5 (2 9/ (9 (4/ (1 ( (4

ABSTRACT Seaweed blooms pose a compelling governance challenge caused by the new environments of the Anthropocene. Along the Quintana Roo coastline, nestled in the heart of the Caribbean, the onset of extensive Sargassum infestations began in late 2014, posing a formidable environmental management dilemma for state and federal authorities. This study describes the institutional responses elicited by the Sargassum influx on Mexico’s Caribbean shoreline, particularly focusing on Cancún and the Riviera Maya. It proposes ecological reflexivity as a promising governance principle for institutions faced with increasingly complex and unforeseeable circumstances, such as the massive arrivals of Sargassum. Based on a comprehensive analysis of national press reports, active participation in forums and seminars, and in-depth interviews, our research identifies three distinct governance phases. We explore these phases considering the concept of ecological reflexivity. Our findings make a strong case for acknowledging institutional errors and shortcomings as an indispensable aspect of formulating effective strategies to combat unexpected and unfamiliar phenomena such as seaweed blooms. Moreover, governance strategies for dealing with Sargassum in Quintana Roo should not only consider responding to human interests and sustaining the tourist industry. Instead, they should encompass an approach that considers the interplay between human and non-human components within the socio-ecological system. Anthropocene coastline 2014 authorities Mexicos Mexico s shoreline Maya circumstances reports seminars indepth depth interviews Moreover industry Instead nonhuman non socioecological socio system 201 20 2

Abstract Drones have proven to be versatile tools for scientific studies aimed at assessing the environmental quality of various ecosystems. This study diagnosed the restinga vegetation in the coastal municipality of Pontal do Paraná, in the state of Paraná, Southern Brazil. This vegetation, which extends over 21.72 km of the coastline of the municipality, was grouped into eight sectors to optimize 27 drone flight plans. The images obtained were transformed into orthomosaics and classified into eight classes, following the random forest classifier: herbaceous, shrubby, arboreal, sand, degraded area, irregular construction, water, and other. We observed 289.11 ha of restinga, of which 183.66 ha (63.5%) corresponded to conserved areas and 105.45 ha (36.5%), to a total degraded area with irregular constructions, vegetation suppression, and introduction of exotic species. Sectors 1 and 5 showed the lowest (8.19 ha) and highest (21.00 ha) values of degraded areas, respectively. Sectors 6 and 8 were the most critical: their degraded areas exceeded the conserved areas of restinga by 4.15 and 3.95 ha, respectively. The main causes of the degradation n in this study refer to irregular occupation. Drone images are a valuable tool for environmental management and vegetation analysis of difficult-to-access sites. ecosystems Paraná Brazil 2172 21 72 21.7 2 plans classes classifier herbaceous shrubby arboreal sand construction water other 28911 289 11 289.1 18366 183 66 183.6 63.5% 635 63 (63.5% 10545 105 45 105.4 36.5%, 365 36.5% , 36 (36.5%) constructions suppression species 8.19 819 19 (8.1 21.00 2100 00 (21.0 respectively critical 415 4 15 4.1 395 3 95 3.9 occupation difficulttoaccess difficult access sites 217 7 21. 2891 28 289. 1836 18 183. 63.5 (63.5 1054 10 105. 36.5 (36.5% 8.1 81 (8. 21.0 210 0 (21. 41 4. 39 9 3. 63. (63. 36. (36.5 8. (8 (21 (63 (36. ( (2 (6 (36 (3

ABSTRACT We present the first report of plastic biomedia contamination on Brazilian beaches based on evidence collected from 14 beaches of the Paraná state coastline (southern Brazil). Plastic biomedia, also called biocarriers, are small, perforated plastic pieces used worldwide in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that apply the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process. Accidental release of these particles into the environment adds to Ocean’s long-term plastic pollution problem. A high amount of plastic biomedia presence in the coastal areas of Paraná was first noticed by a community member, who found 411 plastic particles on a beach located in Pontal do Paraná, bringing this issue to our attention. In this study, plastic biomedia was retrieved from drift line alongshore transects (0.3 to 1 km long) and cross-shore transects (5 m wide) from the water line to the backshore zone. A total of 749 items were collected from 11 of the 14 sampled beaches, including the Mel and Superagui Islands nature reserves. The decreasing trend in plastic biomedia abundance with the increase in distance of the PEC southern outlet suggests that these particles probably originate from a WWTP in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC). Once in the water, these floating plastic particles that followed the suspended sediment transport pattern were exported to coastal waters and were transported by longshore currents. Highlighting the potential role of the PEC as a substantial vector for marine debris to the Paraná coastline. The most likely source of this novel plastic contaminant to the Brazilian coastline are WWTP with MBBR systems. Therefore, stakeholders need to discuss and establish a reporting system so that plastic biomedia spillovers or losses are reported, and its dispersal in the environment is reduced. Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) biocarriers small (WWTP (MBBR process Oceans Ocean s longterm long term problem member 41 attention study 0.3 03 0 3 (0. crossshore cross shore 5 ( wide zone 74 reserves PEC. (PEC) currents systems Therefore reported reduced 4 0. (0 7 (PEC

Abstract Coastal dunes have a crucial role in offering the ecosystem service of natural coastal protection. This paper investigates the importance of dunes in providing the ecosystem service of natural coastal protection on the North Coast of the State of Rio Grande do Sul (RS) in southern Brazil. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST®) Coastal Vulnerability Model was used to quantify the relative susceptibility to coastal erosion and flooding within the study area. First, the model was run to assess the susceptibility to coastal hazards considering the presence of dunes. Then, the model was run again without the presence of dunes. By comparing the results of the two model simulations, it was possible to identify where dunes contribute to reducing coastal exposure, which indirectly reflects their role in providing the ecosystem service of natural coastal protection. There are two main dune fields in the study area, one in the northern coastal sector and one in the southern sector, respectively in the municipalities of Torres and Cidreira. The index of exposure values produced by the two model simulations were very similar for locations along the Torres coastline. In contrast, along the coast of Cidreira, results from the model simulation without dunes produced higher exposure values than the simulation with the presence of dunes, suggesting that the dunes have an important role in offering natural coastal protection. Dunes are a natural barrier against coastal erosion and flooding, but they are not the only factor influencing the ecosystem service of coastal protection. In Torres, for instance, the local topography and the wind patterns contribute to reducing local exposure. The greatest threat in this sector is the urban sprawl. RS (RS Brazil InVEST® InVEST (InVEST® area First Then Cidreira coastline contrast instance sprawl (InVEST

Resumo As dunas desempenham um papel crucial nos ecossistemas da costa, fornecendo o serviço ecossistêmico de proteção costeira. Este artigo investiga a relevância das dunas na oferta do serviço ecossistêmico de proteção costeira no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul - RS. A análise empregou o modelo Coastal Vulnerability do Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs - InVEST para quantificar a suscetibilidade à erosão e inundação. Os resultados refletem o valor relativo do nível de exposição a esses riscos costeiros considerando a presença de dunas. Posteriormente, o modelo foi usado novamente, desta vez excluindo a presença das dunas. Assim, foi possível identificar onde a presença das dunas contribui para reduzir a exposição costeira e, indiretamente atribuir no papel das dunas em prover o serviço de proteção costeira. A análise comparativa dos resultados entre as duas simulações mostrou maiores diferenças no setor sul da área de estudo. Os dois principais campos de dunas na área de estudo estão localizados em Cidreira e Torres. No município de Torres, a simulação sem a presença de dunas não apresentou diferenças expressivas de exposição costeira. Já em Cidreira, os valores de exposição costeira aumentaram, indicando que neste local a presença das dunas desempenham um papel relevante no serviço ecossistêmico de proteção costeira. Com isto, as dunas são uma barreira natural contra eventos como de erosão e inundação na linha de costa, porém no processo de mapeamento do serviço ecossistêmico de proteção costeira não é a única variável que é identificada. Isto ficou evidente na porção norte, em Torres, a topografia local, associada com a dinâmica dos ventos influência na barreira natural contra estes eventos. A maior ameaça nesta região está ligada ao processo de expansão da zona urbana. Já na porção sul as dunas contribuem para promover o serviço ecossistêmico de proteção. costa RS Posteriormente novamente Assim Torres aumentaram isto identificada norte urbana

Resumen Este artículo analiza las prácticas de green marketing en el campo del turismo y la hospitalidad y tiene como objetivo discutir la presencia, la eficacia y los resultados derivados de estas prácticas en tres balnearios en la costa del Estado de Santa Catarina. Para el desarrollo de la investigación cualitativa exploratoria-descriptiva, se adoptó el método de estudio de casos múltiples, con cinco entrevistas en profundidad apoyadas en documentación como instrumentos de recolección de datos. Para el análisis de los casos, la técnica de proposiciones teóricas y análisis cruzado (Yin, 2015) apoyó la discusión de los resultados. El escenario observado permitió identificar la ocurrencia de ventaja competitiva a través de prácticas de green marketing y propuestas de valor verdes presentes en el posicionamiento de las organizaciones investigadas, indicando la alineación entre su aplicación y el comportamiento del consumidor en turismo. A pesar de ello, se identificó que la marca verde y el uso de etiquetas y certificaciones en las actividades de comunicación y posicionamiento no son considerados activos estratégicos capaces de influir en las decisiones de consumo. Así, este artículo se propone estimular a los investigadores e instigar a los gestores sobre la presencia del green marketing en las decisiones de marketing de los medios de alojamiento. Catarina exploratoriadescriptiva, exploratoriadescriptiva exploratoria descriptiva, descriptiva exploratoria-descriptiva múltiples datos Yin, Yin (Yin 2015 investigadas ello consumo Así alojamiento 201 20 2

Abstract This paper discusses green marketing practices in the field of tourism and hospitality and aims to discuss the presence, effectiveness and results arising from these practices in three resorts on the coast of the State of Santa Catarina. For the development of the exploratory-descriptive qualitative research, the multiple case study method was adopted, with five in-depth interviews supported by documentation as data collection instruments. For the analysis of the cases, the technique of theoretical propositions and cross-analysis (Yin, 2015) supported the discussion of the results. The observed scenario allowed identifying the occurrence of competitive advantage through green marketing practices and green value propositions present in the positioning of the investigated organizations, indicating alignment between its application and consumer behavior in tourism. Despite this, it was verified that the green brand and the use of labels and certifications in communication materials are not considered strategic assets capable of influencing consumption decisions. Thus, this article proposes to stimulate researchers and instigate managers about the presence of green marketing in the market decisions among means of accommodation. Catarina exploratorydescriptive exploratory descriptive research adopted indepth depth instruments cases crossanalysis cross Yin, Yin (Yin 2015 organizations Thus accommodation 201 20 2

Resumo Este artigo discorre sobre práticas de green marketing no âmbito do turismo e hospitalidade e tem como objetivo discutir a presença, a efetivação e os resultados advindos dessas práticas em três resorts do litoral do Estado de Santa Catarina. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa qualitativa exploratória-descritiva, foi adotado o método de estudo de casos múltiplos contando com cinco entrevistas em profundidade apoiadas por documentação como instrumentos de coleta de dados. Para análise dos casos, a técnica de proposições teóricas e análises cruzadas (Yin, 2015) embasou a discussão dos resultados. O cenário observado permitiu identificar a ocorrência de vantagem competitiva para as organizações investigadas por meio de práticas de green marketing e proposições de valor verde presentes em seus posicionamentos, indicando alinhamento entre sua aplicação e o comportamento do consumidor no turismo. Apesar disso, observou-se que a marca verde e a utilização de selos e certificações na comunicação de marketing não podem ser considerados ativos estratégicos capazes de influenciar decisões de consumo. Assim, o presente artigo propõe estimular pesquisadores e instigar gestores sobre a presença do green marketing em decisões mercadológicas de meios de hospedagem. Catarina exploratóriadescritiva, exploratóriadescritiva exploratória descritiva, descritiva exploratória-descritiva dados Yin, Yin (Yin 2015 posicionamentos disso observouse observou se consumo Assim hospedagem 201 20 2

Abstract Tsunamis, despite their rarity, are among the deadliest natural disasters, inflicting catastrophic damage on both coastal and inland regions. Given their highly site-specific impact, a comprehensive understanding of tsunami wave flow characteristics is crucial for effective tsunami preparedness and for safeguarding civil engineering structures. This study investigates the formation and progression of tsunami bores as they transition into surges near the shore. We employed a wave-flume experimental approach, with a specific focus on the Malaysian coastline. Experiments took place in a wave flume with a length of 40 m and a platform designed to replicate the gentle slopes commonly found in Malaysian coastal areas vulnerable to tsunamis. The primary focus lied in measuring key flow parameters, including flow depths and velocities near the shore. Wet bed bores were marked by a sudden rise in water depth and considerable air entrainment in the front region. As these waves transformed into dry bed surges, the front slope became gentler, and aeration diminished, while peak velocities increased. Additionally, the study also delves into the relations between flow depth and velocity concerning Froude numbers and momentum flux. The outcomes contribute significantly to global initiatives aimed at improving coastal resilience against tsunamis. Tsunamis rarity disasters regions sitespecific site impact structures shore waveflume approach coastline 4 tsunamis parameters region gentler diminished increased Additionally flux

ABSTRACT Sandy shorelines show heightened susceptibility to alterations, highlighting the importance of reliable field measurements in forecasting coastal evolution. This study offers direct hydrodynamic measurements from the upper shoreface of a sandy beach in Paraná. We observed five distinct oceanographic conditions, including a high-energy event. Notably, wave height showed a positive correlation with northward longshore currents. During pre- and post-frontal periods, cross-shore flow predominates over longshore currents, particularly evident during low tides with pronounced offshore flow. These findings provide valuable insights for researchers seeking to quantify and model longshore sediment transport dynamics and morphological changes along sandy coastlines. alterations evolution Paraná conditions highenergy high energy event Notably currents pre postfrontal post frontal periods crossshore cross shore coastlines