Resumen. La mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) es un recurso importante de subsistencia en mercados locales de Ecuador. Sin embargo, poco es sabido sobre la historia de vida temprana y la biología reproductiva de esta especie. En 2016 y 2017, se recolectaron larvas de E. currani en 3 playas arenosas en el Golfo de Guayaquil, Ecuador, y se identificaron usando códigos de barras de ADN. La longitud estándar de las larvas osciló entre 4.00 y 15.78 mm. También recolectamos otolitos para comprender mejor la historia de vida temprana de E. currani. Los otolitos se usaron para estimar la edad, la tasa de crecimiento de la población (±EE), las fechas de eclosión y la época reproductiva. En promedio, la edad de los peces fue de 16.5 ± 4.5 días, mientras que la tasa de crecimiento promedio fue de 0.70 ± 0.05 y 0.22 ± 0.16 mm por día en marzo y mayo, respectivamente. En el Golfo de Guayaquil, la mayoría de las fechas de eclosión y la actividad reproductiva presunta de E. currani ocurrió durante la época húmeda (diciembre-abril) cuando aguas más calidas prevalecieron. Hasta donde tenemos conocimiento, este es el primer estudio que estima las fechas de eclosión y la tasa de crecimiento larval para una especie de la familia Gerreidae en el Océano Pacífico.

Abstract. The flagfin mojarra (Eucinostomus currani) is an important subsistence fishery resource in local Ecuadorian markets; however, very little is known about the early life history and reproductive biology of this species. In 2016 and 2017, E. currani larvae were collected at 3 sandy beaches in the Gulf of Guayaquil, Ecuador, and identified using DNA barcoding. Standard lengths ranged from 4.00-15.78 mm. We also collected otoliths to better understand the early life history of E. currani. Otoliths were used to estimate the age, population growth rate (±SE), hatch dates, and reproductive period. On average, the fish were 16.5 ± 4.5 days old, while the average growth rate was 0.70 ± 0.05 and 0.22 ± 0.16 mm per day in March and May, respectively. In the Gulf of Guayaquil, most hatch dates and the presumed reproductive activity of E. currani occurred during the wet season (December-April) when warmer water prevailed. To our knowledge, this is the first study to estimate the hatch dates and larval growth rate for a species of the family Gerreidae in the Pacific Ocean.

Resumen El propósito de toda organización es destacarse en la sociedad y aspirar por ende a la longevidad. El estudio tiene como objetivo describir la composición socioeconómica de las empresas activas consideradas como longevas con una edad igual o mayor a 25 años dentro de la Zona 4 de acuerdo el ordenamiento territorial del Ecuador para el año 2022. El análisis se desarrolló a través de un tipo de estudio descriptivo y transversal con un enfoque inductivo de base cuantitativa, realizado por medio de la indagación documental en bases de datos oficiales. De un total de 199 empresas analizadas, la investigación mostró que ninguna de ellas supera el siglo de edad y que la mayor parte de ellas son microempresas, lo cual evidencia en cierto estancamiento en el crecimiento de sus ingresos totales.

Abstract The purpose of every organization is to stand out in society and therefore aspire to longevity. The objective of the study is to describe the socioeconomic composition of active companies considered as long-lived with an age equal to or greater than 25 years within Zone 4 according to the territorial system of Ecuador in 2022. The analysis is developed through a descriptive and transversal study with an inductive quantitative basis approach carried out through the documentary inquiry in official databases. From a total of 199 companies analyzed, the investigation shows that none of them exceeds one hundred years and that most of them are microenterprises, which evidences some stagnation in the growth of their total income.

ABSTRACT The marine phytoplankton community responds to latitudinal, longitudinal (coast to ocean), and vertical environmental gradients, an important subject in Oxygen minimum zones (OMZ). The phytoplankton structure and the effect of environmental gradients along the central Mexican Pacific, an area within an OMZ, were studied, especially the importance of size fractions and taxonomic groups. A combination of various methods and protocols, such as microscopic analysis, flow cytometer, and pigment analysis, were followed in this study. Oceanographic conditions included thermal gradients along the study area and unreported evidence of a weak upwelling in the southern zone (Acapulco). Vertical distribution of chlorophyll a showed subsurface maxima (SCM, 15-45 m depth) in all stations, and deeper chlorophyll-a maxima (DCM, 85-95 m depth) in more oceanic stations. Chain-forming diatoms dominated in the northern zone stations. Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and picoeukaryotes abundances ranged between 0.01 to 21.7 cells×104 mL−1, although most samples showed the highest contribution to biomass (47.95 µg C L−1) by picoeukaryotes. Expected tendencies of Prochlorococcus distribution were observed: highest densities coincided with the DCM and divinyl chlorophyll-a distribution at oceanic stations. Fucoxanthin had the highest concentrations, whereas fucoxanthin and zeaxanthin concentrations were higher at SCM depths. We documented the co-dominance of the pico- and microplankton: picoplankton was important at the DCM, related to oligotrophic and more stratified water column, whereas microplankton prevailed in coastal stations, with mixed water column, high nutrient concentrations, and diatoms as the dominant group. Picoeukaryotes abundances were related to the concentration of prasinoxanthin, which suggests an important mamiellophyte component not previously revealed.

Abstract The study of the freshwater-saltwater interface zone (FWSWI) is fundamental for the characterization of coastal aquifers and the evolution of freshwater reserves. In this work we study the factors that condition the dynamics of the IADAS in the locality of Pinamar. To carry out this task, a monitoring borehole was drilled on the coastal front, electrical conductivity (EC) profiling was performed, and continuous pressure, temperature and salinity sensors were installed. Information was collected from the tide gauge located in the town of Santa Teresita, while hydrometeorological data were obtained from a station located in the town of Pinamar. A correlation between high tide events and salinity, water level and temperature values were verified. The response times between the rise of the tide and the increase of the salinity are less than 8 hours, while the interval required to reach equilibrium again takes at least 2 days. Temperature variations are influenced by the prevailing climatic conditions at the time of the rising tide. The analysis of the relationship between storage variation and high tide events allows inferring that, when recharge events occur, there is a greater stability due to the increase of the hydraulic load on the IADAS. The study of IADAS behavior is an effective indicator for resource management.

Resumen El estudio de la zona de interfase agua dulce-agua salada (IADAS) resulta fundamental para la caracterización de acuíferos costeros y la evolución de las reservas de agua dulce. En este trabajo se estudian los factores que condicionan la dinámica de la IADAS en la localidad de Pinamar. Para llevar a cabo esta tarea se realizó una perforación de monitoreo sobre el frente costero, se realizaron perfilajes de conductividad eléctrica (CE) y se instalaron sensores continuos presión, temperatura y salinidad. Se recopiló información proveniente del mareógrafo ubicado en la localidad de Santa Teresita mientras que los datos hidrometeorológicos se obtuvieron a partir de estación ubicada en la localidad de Pinamar. Se verifica una correlación entre los eventos de pleamar y los valores de conductividad eléctrica, nivel hidráulico y temperatura. Los tiempos de respuesta entre el ascenso de la marea y el aumento de la salinidad se reconocen menos de 8 horas, en tanto que el intervalo requerido para alcanza nuevamente el equilibrio demora al menos 2 días. Las variaciones de la temperatura se encuentran influenciadas por las condiciones climáticas dominantes al momento del ascenso de la marea. El análisis de la relación entre la variación del almacenamiento y los eventos de pleamar permiten inferir que, cuando se producen eventos de recarga, existe una mayor estabilidad debido al incremento de la carga hidráulica sobre la IADAS. El estudio del comportamiento de la IADAS resulta un indicador eficaz para la gestión de los recursos hídricos en sectores costeros.

Abstract The Puerto Pizarro mangrove is part of the Tumbes mangrove, the largest in Peru; it is also the mangrove with the greatest anthropic impact in the region; in this area, no studies have been carried out on the status of its population of Rhizophora mangle, the most important mangrove species in the Peruvian mangroves. The objective of this research was to establish the structural characteristics of R. mangle in the Puerto Pizarro mangrove. The study was carried out by subdividing the research area into three zones (A, B and C), in which 41 plots of 1 ha each were selected, in each plot a sub-area of 0.25 ha (50 m x 50 m) was taken). In these sub-areas, mangrove trees of the species Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa and Avicennia germinans were evaluated regarding their structural characteristics: diameter at breast height (DBH), height, basal area, density, frequency, dominance and index value of ecological importance (IVI). It was found that R. mangle had a greater DAP, height and basal area than the other species; also, higher density, frequency, dominance and relative IVI (adjusted to 100%) than the other species with values of 51.5%, 100%, 82.6% and 53.3%, respectively. The research findings allow us to conclude that the population of R. mangle in the Puerto Pizarro mangrove is a mature population, with a predominance of stems and latizales. However, its structural characteristics are not homogeneous throughout the Puerto Pizarro area, since zone A, with less anthropic impact and lower salinity, has R. mangle trees with better structural characteristics than those in zones B and C in which there is greater anthropic activity and greater salinity.

Resumen El manglar de Puerto Pizarro forma parte del manglar de Tumbes, el más grande del Perú; es también el manglar con mayor impacto antrópico en la región; en este no se han realizado estudios sobre el estado de su población de Rhizophora mangle, la especie de mangle más importante de los manglares peruanos. Esta investigación buscaba establecer las características estructurales de R. mangle en el manglar de Puerto Pizarro. El estudio se realizó subdividiendo el área de investigación en tres zonas (A, B y C), en las cuales se seleccionaron 41 parcelas de 1 ha cada una, en cada parcela se tomó una sub-área de 0,25 ha (50 m x 50 m). En estas sub-áreas se evaluaron los árboles de mangle de las especies Rhizophora mangle, Laguncularia racemosa y Avicennia germinans respecto a sus características estructurales diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura, área basal, densidad, frecuencia, dominancia e índice de valor de importancia ecológica (IVI). Se encontró que R. mangle presentó un mayor DAP, altura y área basal que las otras especies; así también, mayor densidad, frecuencia, dominancia e IVI relativos (ajustados al 100%) que las otras especies con valores de 51,5%, 100%, 82,6% y 53,3%, respectivamente. Los hallazgos de la investigación permiten concluir que la población de R. mangle del manglar de Puerto Pizarro es una población madura, con predominancia de fustales y latizales. En Puerto Pizarro, sus características estructurales no son homogéneas, ya que la zona A, con menor impacto antrópico y menor salinidad, presenta árboles de R. mangle con mejores características estructurales que los de las zonas B y C, donde hay mayor actividad antrópica y mayor salinidad.

Abstract: The article seeks to provide evidence to the characterization of a long-standing process of social construction of disaster risk, in which risk-insensitive territorial planning is recognized as the main underlying risk drivers. Through a processual approach, we conclude about the close relationship between neoliberal urbanization processes and the multilevel deployment of business power, which mobilizes real estate developments that have promoted an environmentally predatory urban-tourist expansion for the area of interest and directly influenced in the exposure to disaster risk of residents and built infrastructure. Through the forensic investigation methodology that analyzes the underlying causes of disasters (FORIN), it is possible to deconstruct the situation currently experienced by a group of buildings located in the exclusive coastal residential sector of Cochoa, Reñaca Norte, Viña del Mar, Valparaíso Region Chile, which they have been categorized as uninhabitable due to two neighboring sinkholes that condition their stability and occupation since august 2023. Located on a fragile ecosystem such as a dune field, there were technical studies that accounted for the risk of overloading it with buildings, however, the recognition of risk was omitted in the respective territorial planning instrument —Communal Regulatory Plan of Viña del Mar— defining the location area as a residential zone.

Resumen: El artículo busca aportar evidencia a la caracterización de un proceso de construcción social del riesgo de desastres de larga data, en el cual la planificación territorial insensible al este se reconoce como el principal factor subyacente. Mediante un enfoque procesual se concluye sobre la estrecha relación existente en procesos de urbanización neoliberal y el despliegue multinivel del poder empresarial, el que moviliza desarrollos inmobiliarios que han promovido una expansión urbana-turística depredadora ambientalmente para la zona de interés e incidido directamente en la exposición a riesgo de desastres de los residentes y de la infraestructura construida. Mediante la metodología de investigación forense que analiza las causas de base de los desastres (Forensic Investigations of Disaster, FORIN), es posible deconstruir la situación que experimenta actualmente un conjunto de edificios ubicados en el exclusivo sector costero residencial de Cochoa, Reñaca norte, Viña del Mar, Región de Valparaíso en Chile, los que han sido categorizados como inhabitables debido a dos socavones aledaños que condicionan suestabilidad y ocupación desde el mes de agosto de 2023. Emplazados sobre un ecosistema frágil, como lo es un campo dunar, existieron estudios técnicos que daban cuenta del riesgo de sobrecargarlo con edificaciones, no obstante, se omitió el reconocimiento de riesgo en el respectivo instrumento de planificación territorial —Plan Regulador Comunal de Viña del Mar— definiendo el área de emplazamiento como zona residencial.

ABSTRACT The semi-permanent coastal upwelling system within the Humboldt Current System (HCS) off northern Chile provides nutrient-rich, oxygen-poor water to the euphotic zone that contributes to high levels of primary production and restricts the vertical distribution of most zooplankton species according to their tolerance to hypoxia within this highly heterogeneous environment. The day/night vertical distributions of two calanoid copepods, Eucalanus inermis and Nannocalanus minor, were studied concerning the presence of oxygen-poor water associated with the Oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) at a coastal and an offshore station off northern Chile (∼20°S), by stratified sampling from the surface to a depth of 600 m. At the coastal station, most of the population of both species remained above the OMZ, whereas at the offshore station, most populations remained at the edge of the OMZ. Both species exhibited reverse diel vertical migration between day and night and were positively correlated with dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll-a, suggesting that both species may prefer oxygenated waters and avoid the OMZ. However, E. inermis and N. minor exhibited distinct behavior, with E. inermis displaying significant variations among stations and strata and N. minor showing differences only among strata, particularly in the upper strata where it was more aggregated. The results helped us understand the behavior and distribution of zooplankton related to OMZ and how they may change as ocean temperature increases worldwide.

RESUMEN La problemática socioambiental que experimentan las zonas costeras, ha condicionado la aparición de algunas herramientas y enfoques de gestión ambiental para tratar de dar respuestas y soluciones interdisciplinares a ellas. El surgimiento del enfoque de Manejo Integrado de Zonas Costeras en la década del 70 del siglo XX y su posterior implementación por el mundo ante los desafíos del desarrollo sostenible hizo que el Estado cubano lo asumiera a partir de la década del 90. Una de tantas vías utilizadas fue la aprobación de un programa de maestría para la formación de capacidades en esta área del conocimiento. En este trabajo se fundamenta la importancia que tiene el Programa de Maestría en Manejo Integrado en Zonas Costeras que posee la Universidad de Cienfuegos “Carlos Rafael Rodríguez”. Este programa de maestría persigue la formación de profesionales cuyas investigaciones contribuyan a la comprensión de los fenómenos que ocurren en la zona costera y sus cuencas tributarias; a identificar problemas relacionados con el manejo integrado de las zonas costeras; y a recomendar soluciones, entre otros aspectos. Desde el punto de vista metodológico se realizó un análisis de los avances del programa académico a partir de sus fundamentos teóricos, metodológicos e investigativos. Se concluye que las zonas costeras constituyen un nuevo campo de investigaciones el cual requiere la formación de capacidades interdisciplinarias para el abordaje de los problemas que presentan estos importantes espacios complejos y frágiles.

ABSTRACT The socio-environmental problems experienced by coastal zones have conditioned the emergence of some environmental management tools and approaches to try to provide interdisciplinary answers and solutions to them. The emergence of the Integrated Coastal Zone Management approach in the 1970s and its subsequent implementation throughout the world in the face of the challenges of sustainable development led the Cuban government to adopt it in the 1990s. One of the many ways used was the approval of a master's degree program for capacity building in this area of knowledge. This work is based on the importance of the Master's Program in Integrated Coastal Zone Management at the University of Cienfuegos "Carlos Rafael Rodríguez". This master's program seeks to train professionals whose research contributes to the understanding of the phenomena that occur in the coastal zone and its tributary basins; to identify problems related to the integrated management of coastal zones; and to recommend solutions, among other aspects. From the methodological point of view, an analysis was made of the progress of the academic program based on its theoretical, methodological and research foundations. It is concluded that coastal zones constitute a new field of research which requires the formation of interdisciplinary capacities to address the problems presented by these important complex and fragile spaces.

ABSTRACT Coastal wetlands adjacent to urban areas, such as the Pantanos de Villa in the city of Lima, Peru, are subject to constant changes in land use due to anthropogenic interaction. This has led to the reduction of dense vegetation areas, giving way to built-up areas. Therefore, this article addresses the issue of the physical changes experienced in urban areas adjacent to the wetland, such as the environmental management units, in this case the Zone of Protection of Outcrop and Surface Runoff (ZPAES), and the Zone of Landscape Protection of Edge (ZPB), as well as the Pantanos de Villa Wildlife Refuge (RVSPV), as a result of rapid urban expansion. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the spatial and temporal evolution of the Pantanos de Villa environment and urbanization within the Environmental Management Units ZPB, ZPAES, and RVSPV. To achieve this, the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform was used, and satellite images from Landsat 5 TM and Sentinel 2 MSI sensors were processed. These images were worked on in the GEE interface and analyzed using spectral indices, NDVI and NDBI, through map algebra codes and pixel masking. For cartographic representation, a Geographic Information System (GIS) was used. The results show a 291.12% increase in built-up area and a 26% reduction in vegetated area over the last 35 years, for the Environmental Management Units ZPB and ZPAES, and the RVSPV. The identified reduction is directly related to unplanned expansion of urban areas and anthropogenic activities.

RESUMEN Los humedales costeros adyacentes a zonas urbanas, como los Pantanos de Villa en la ciudad de Lima, Perú, están sujetos a cambios constantes en el uso del suelo debido a la interacción antropogénica. Esto ha llevado a la reducción de áreas de vegetación densa, dando paso a zonas edificadas. Por esta razón, el presente artículo aborda la problemática de los cambios físicos experimentados en las zonas urbanas adyacentes al humedal, como las unidades de ordenamiento ambiental, en este caso la Zona de Protección de Afloramiento y Escorrentía Superficial (ZPAES y la Zona de Protección Paisajística de Borde (ZPB), así como el Refugio de Vida Silvestre Pantanos de Villa (RVSPV), como consecuencia de la rápida expansión urbana. Por ello, el objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la evolución espacial y temporal del entorno de los Pantanos de Villa y la urbanización dentro de las Unidades de Ordenamiento Ambiental ZPB, ZPAES y el RVSPV. Para ello, se utilizó la plataforma de Google Earth Engine (GEE) y se procesaron imágenes satelitales de los sensores Landsat 5 TM y Sentinel 2 MSI. Estas imágenes se trabajaron en la interfaz de GEE y se analizaron utilizando índices espectrales, NDVI y NDBI, mediante códigos de álgebra de mapas y el enmascaramiento de píxeles. Para la representación cartográfica, se empleó un Sistema de Información Geográfica (SIG). Los resultados muestran un aumento del 291.12% en la superficie edificada y una reducción del 26% en la superficie vegetal en los últimos 35 años, para las Unidades de Ordenamiento Ambiental ZPB y ZPAES, y el RVSPV. La reducción identificada se relaciona directamente con la expansión no planificada de la superficie urbana y las actividades antropogénicas.

Abstract We present a key to identify and an annotated list of lycophytes and ferns of the Immediate Geographical Region of São Luís, Maranhão State, which has ecotonal characteristics of Amazonian Forest, Cerrado, and Coastal Vegetation. Specimens were collected monthly between April 2020 and September 2022 in the 13 municipalities of this region. A total of 64 species were identified, including 61 species of ferns, in 18 families and 38 genera, and three species of lycophytes, in two genera and one family. The most representative families were Pteridaceae (18 species) and Polypodiaceae (nine species). The most recorded substrate of occurrence was terrestrial with 35 species (54.6%), followed by epiphytic with 15 species (23.4%), aquatic with four species (6.2%), rupicolous with three species (4.6%), and hemiepiphytic with two species (3.1%). Five species (7.8%) had more than one life form. This study expands the knowledge about the geographic distribution of fern and lycophyte species in the central region of Northern Maranhão, in Northeastern Brazil, which until now had several sampling gaps. Maranhão has a diversity that is still poorly reported and known compared to other states in South and Southeast Brazil. Therefore, floristic surveys are essential to increase what is known about the flora, especially in areas under anthropic pressure and places with few collections, such as the ecotonal areas in Maranhão. Luís State Forest Cerrado Vegetation 202 1 6 identified 3 family (1 nine species. . 54.6%, 546 54.6% , 54 (54.6%) 23.4%, 234 23.4% 23 4 (23.4%) 6.2%, 62 6.2% 2 (6.2%) 4.6%, 46 4.6% (4.6%) 3.1%. 31 3.1% (3.1%) 7.8% 78 7 8 (7.8% form Brazil gaps Therefore flora collections 20 ( 54.6 5 (54.6% 23.4 (23.4% 6.2 (6.2% 4.6 (4.6% 3.1 (3.1% 7.8 (7.8 54. (54.6 23. (23.4 6. (6.2 4. (4.6 3. (3.1 7. (7. (54. (23. (6. (4. (3. (7 (54 (23 (6 (4 (3 (5 (2

Resumo Apresentamos uma chave para a identificação e uma lista com detalhes das licófitas e samambaias da Região Geográfica Imediata de São Luís, Estado do Maranhão, que possui características ecotonais da Floresta Amazônica, Cerrado e Vegetação Litorânea. Os dados foram coletados mensalmente entre abril de 2020 e setembro de 2022 nos 13 municípios dessa região. Foram identificadas 64 espécies, incluindo 61 espécies de samambaias, em 18 famílias e 38 gêneros, e três espécies de licófitas, em dois gêneros e uma família. As famílias mais representativas foram Pteridaceae (18 espécies) e Polypodiaceae (nove espécies). O substrato de ocorrência mais registrado foi o terrestre com 35 espécies (54,6%), seguido do epifítico com 15 espécies (23,4%), aquático com quatro espécies (6,2%), rupícola com três espécies (4,6%) e hemiepifítico com duas espécies (3,1%). Cinco espécies (7,8%) apresentaram mais de uma forma de vida. Este estudo amplia o conhecimento sobre a distribuição geográfica de espécies de samambaias e licófitas na região central do norte do Maranhão, no Nordeste do Brasil, que até então possuía várias lacunas de amostragem. O Maranhão possui uma diversidade ainda pouco relatada e conhecida em comparação com outros estados das regiões Sul e Sudeste do Brasil. Portanto, levantamentos florísticos são essenciais para aumentar o conhecimento sobre a flora, principalmente em áreas sob pressão antrópica e locais com poucas coletas, como as áreas ecotonais do Maranhão. Luís Amazônica Litorânea 202 1 6 3 família (1 nove espécies. . 54,6%, 546 54,6% , 54 (54,6%) 23,4%, 234 23,4% 23 4 (23,4%) 6,2%, 62 6,2% 2 (6,2%) 4,6% 46 (4,6% 3,1%. 31 3,1% (3,1%) 7,8% 78 7 8 (7,8% vida Brasil amostragem Portanto flora coletas 20 ( 54,6 5 (54,6% 23,4 (23,4% 6,2 (6,2% 4,6 (4,6 3,1 (3,1% 7,8 (7,8 54, (54,6 23, (23,4 6, (6,2 4, (4, 3, (3,1 7, (7, (54, (23, (6, (4 (3, (7 (54 (23 (6 (3 (5 (2

ABSTRACT Abstract: Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachyura, Panopeidae) is a small euryhaline and eurythermal omnivorous crab native to the Northwest Atlantic. However, it has become an invasive species in various estuaries and coastal areas far from its original habitat, most likely due to intercontinental shipping. Once it establishes itself in one location, it can spread to neighboring regions via maritime currents. In 1982, this species was found in South America, specifically in Lagoa dos Patos, Brazil. In this study, we present the first record of R. harrisii larvae in Uruguay, located in the coastal marine zone of Laguna de Rocha, approximately 300 km south of Lagoa dos Patos. It was discovered during a study that involved 15 plankton samplings, conducted from February 2016 to February 2017. Notably, the observation of R. harrisii larvae was limited to the coastal zone during the summer and autumn of 2016 (February to April). All observed larvae were in the zoeal stage, and their abundance ranged from three to 185 individuals per 100 m3. The temperature and salinity values recorded during sampling surveys with the presence of R. harrisii ranged from 19 to 22.4 °C and 11.8-32.5 ppt, respectively. The discovery of the larval stage suggests that adults of this species may be reproducing in the eastern coastal zone of Uruguay or nearby regions. The area in which they are currently found could potentially serve as a biological corridor, facilitating their spread to other estuaries of great economic and ecological importance, such as the Río de la Plata, as well as other coastal lagoons and subestuaries in Uruguay and Argentina. Further monitoring studies are necessary to determine whether this species became established in the area. Potential ecological consequences in our region derived from its presence are herein discussed. Abstract Brachyura, Brachyura (Brachyura Panopeidae Atlantic However habitat shipping location currents 1982 America Patos Brazil R Rocha 30 1 samplings 201 2017 Notably April. April . April) 18 10 m3 m 224 22 4 22. C 11.832.5 118325 11.8 32.5 11 8 32 5 11.8-32. ppt respectively corridor importance Plata Argentina discussed 198 3 20 2 832 11.832. 11832 118 11. 325 32. 11.8-32 83 11.832 1183 11.8-3 11.83 11.8-

ABSTRACT We present the first report of plastic biomedia contamination on Brazilian beaches based on evidence collected from 14 beaches of the Paraná state coastline (southern Brazil). Plastic biomedia, also called biocarriers, are small, perforated plastic pieces used worldwide in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) that apply the Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor (MBBR) process. Accidental release of these particles into the environment adds to Ocean’s long-term plastic pollution problem. A high amount of plastic biomedia presence in the coastal areas of Paraná was first noticed by a community member, who found 411 plastic particles on a beach located in Pontal do Paraná, bringing this issue to our attention. In this study, plastic biomedia was retrieved from drift line alongshore transects (0.3 to 1 km long) and cross-shore transects (5 m wide) from the water line to the backshore zone. A total of 749 items were collected from 11 of the 14 sampled beaches, including the Mel and Superagui Islands nature reserves. The decreasing trend in plastic biomedia abundance with the increase in distance of the PEC southern outlet suggests that these particles probably originate from a WWTP in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC). Once in the water, these floating plastic particles that followed the suspended sediment transport pattern were exported to coastal waters and were transported by longshore currents. Highlighting the potential role of the PEC as a substantial vector for marine debris to the Paraná coastline. The most likely source of this novel plastic contaminant to the Brazilian coastline are WWTP with MBBR systems. Therefore, stakeholders need to discuss and establish a reporting system so that plastic biomedia spillovers or losses are reported, and its dispersal in the environment is reduced. Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) biocarriers small (WWTP (MBBR process Oceans Ocean s longterm long term problem member 41 attention study 0.3 03 0 3 (0. crossshore cross shore 5 ( wide zone 74 reserves PEC. (PEC) currents systems Therefore reported reduced 4 0. (0 7 (PEC

Abstract Several fishes of the family Poeciliidae are commonly produced in ornamental aquaculture and also used for pest control, leading to their introduction in numerous countries. Many of these species exhibit tolerance and invasiveness, as exemplified by Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). This report documents the presence of X. maculatus in a Caribbean coastal stream in Venezuela. Quizandal Creek has experienced significant human intervention in its lower drainage and channel area. In the final segment of the creek the fish were captured using hand nets and beach seines. The specimens were transported alive to the laboratory for evaluation and subsequently preserved according to standard methods and later were cataloged in the fish collection. 16 males ♂ and 8 females ♀ (16.6-29.4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) from the Quizandal Creek, part of the coastal drainage of the Borburata River, were analyzed. This is the first report on the occurrence of Xiphophorus maculatus in natural environments of Venezuela. These coastal streams are situated in a zoogeographic transition zone between regional freshwater ichthyofaunas that have a limited number of species, primarily secondary and amphidromous, which could be susceptible to the presence of introduced species. Xiphophorus fish demonstrate the ability to thrive in highly degraded environments, promoting their dispersion and amplifying the impact on the habitat and local fish, particularly small endemic fish, such as the Rivulidae and Poeciliidae. control countries invasiveness Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Venezuela area seines collection 1 16.629.4 166294 16.6 29.4 6 29 4 (16.6-29. SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 River analyzed amphidromous 186 629 16.629. 16629 166 16. 294 29. 2 (16.6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16.629 1662 (16.6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16.62 (16.6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16.6 CPUCLA- (16. (16 (1 (

Resumo Vários peixes Poeciliidae são comumente empregados na aquicultura ornamental e no controle de pragas, levando à sua introdução em vários países. Muitas dessas espécies exibem tolerância e invasividade, exemplificadas por Xiphophorus maculatus (Günther, 1866). Esta nota documenta a presença de X. maculatus em um riacho costeiro na encosta do Caribe, Venezuela. O riacho Quizandal sofreu intervenção humana significativa na drenagem inferior e na área do canal. No trecho final do riacho os peixes foram capturados com redes de mão e arrastos. Os espécimes foram transportados vivos ao laboratório para avaliação e posteriormente preservados segundos métodos padronizados para posterior catalogação na coleção de peixes. Foram analisados 16 machos ♂ e 8 fêmeas ♀ (16,6-29,4 mm SL. CPUCLA-3630) provenientes do Córrego Quizandal, associado à drenagem costeira do Rio Borburata. Este é o primeiro relato da ocorrência de Xiphophorus maculatus em ambientes naturais da Venezuela. Estes riachos costeiros estão situados numa zona de transição zoogeográfica entre ictiofaunas regionais de água doce e apresentam um número limitado de espécies, principalmente secundárias e anfidromas, que podem ser suscetíveis à presença de espécies introduzidas. Os peixes Xiphophorus demonstram a capacidade de prosperar em ambientes altamente degradados, promovendo a sua dispersão e amplificando o impacto no habitat e nos peixes locais, particularmente pequenos peixes endêmicos, como os Rivulidae e Poeciliidae. pragas países invasividade Günther, Günther (Günther 1866. 1866 . 1866) X Caribe Venezuela canal arrastos 1 16,629,4 166294 16,6 29,4 6 29 4 (16,6-29, SL CPUCLA3630 CPUCLA 3630 CPUCLA-3630 Borburata anfidromas introduzidas degradados locais endêmicos 186 629 16,629, 16629 166 16, 294 29, 2 (16,6-29 CPUCLA363 363 CPUCLA-363 18 62 16,629 1662 (16,6-2 CPUCLA36 36 CPUCLA-36 16,62 (16,6- CPUCLA3 3 CPUCLA-3 (16,6 CPUCLA- (16, (16 (1 (

ABSTRACT Promoting inclusive and effective governance in regional estuaries offers an encompassing challenge within the scope of Policy analysis and its interactions within socioecological research. The integrated approach for both theoretical elements has not easily been improved, despite the increase in analytical frameworks in this theme. The Paranaguá Bay Zone (PBZ) in the state of Paraná, Brazil, is composed of a few cities, several large, protected areas, and traditional communities. On the one hand, the intensification of real estate pressures in a low demographic region is creating a wave of value conversion regarding the trends of the coastal gentrification phenomenon, notwithstanding the lower degree of intensity when compared to other Brazilian estuaries. On the other hand, it shows a lack of political representation and institutional action at the subnational level. This asymmetrical process is strongly related to historical land development and the controversial process of implementing protected areas and zoning tools. Promoting the economic rise of the territory has affected traditional communities and conservation management, requiring permanent improvement in the ability for community mobilization and juridical vigilance in the face of impacts related to such pressure. In the meantime, scholars have considered knowledge building, which brings up assessment issues on how the decision-making process has been operated and what gaps and asymmetries can be revealed for further resilience analyses. This study is an effort to approach the performance of participative governance of the estuary and is restricted to a preliminary assessment of the participative management committees designed by legislation under area-based attributions. This study is not aimed at exploring the belief systems of different social groups/stakeholders. Results have a great emphasis on methodological building and testing, which revealed the importance of imposing an inventory and hierarchy model on the multiple committees of governance and their sectorization across adjacent areas. Results also underline variables of interest and pilot indicators in the subject under analysis. Preliminary results point to the need for overcoming methodological challenges, and findings that are useful as first evidence in the comprehension of the low performance by different committees, which often operate without any regular, systematic, integrated, transparent, legitimate, and permanent agenda of Policy activities for the PBZ fisheries territory. Qualitative data and institutional memoirs should be available and categorized in government programs, whereas research efforts that look to better recognize the idiosyncrasies of community realities under the pressures of non-transparent economic drivers are much needed. improved theme (PBZ Paraná Brazil cities large hand phenomenon level tools pressure meantime decisionmaking decision making analyses areabased area based attributions groupsstakeholders groups stakeholders groups/stakeholders testing challenges regular systematic transparent legitimate programs nontransparent non needed

Resumo Gobionellus stomatus, uma espécie de peixe endêmica do Brasil, tinha ocorrência conhecida apenas do estado do Piauí ao estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Apresentamos aqui o primeiro registro desta espécie para o estado do Maranhão, mais especificamente para a ilha Upaon-Açu, estendendo sua distribuição mais a oeste, até a zona costeira da região Amazônica. Esta espécie habita ecossistemas estuarinos suscetíveis a pressões ambientais, tais como poluição e introdução de espécies não nativas. Embora G. stomatus seja classificada como de menor preocupação para a conservação, é crucial destacar os riscos potenciais associados às atividades humanas nesses ambientes, ressaltando a importância de medidas de preservação para mitigar impactos futuros nas populações desta espécie, assim como de outros gobídeos estuarinos. Brasil Sul Maranhão UpaonAçu, UpaonAçu Upaon Açu, Açu Upaon-Açu oeste Amazônica ambientais nativas G conservação ambientes

Abstract Gobionellus stomatus, a fish species endemic to Brazil, was previously known to occur from the State of Piauí to the State of Rio Grande do Sul. Here we present the first record of this species for the State of Maranhão, specifically for the Upaon-Açu island, extending its distribution further west, to the coastal zone of the Amazon region. This species inhabits estuarine ecosystems susceptible to environmental pressures, such as pollution and the introduction of non-native species. Despite G. stomatus being classified as of least concern for conservation, it is crucial to highlight potential risks associated with human activities in these environments, emphasizing the importance of preservation measures to mitigate future impacts on the populations of this species, as well as of other estuarine gobies. Brazil Sul Maranhão UpaonAçu Upaon Açu island west region pressures nonnative non native G conservation environments gobies