Abstract: The purpose of this article is to achieve optimal coordination for timed overcurrent relays modeled in a test system. The traditional adjustment that is usually used in the field is taken as the base criterion to determine the improvements achieved with the implemented optimization methods. Optimal parameters are determined for two timed overcurrent relays modeled on the IEEE 13-node test system using PowerFactory software. The optimization algorithms are coded in Python. PowerFactory links with Python to generate interoperability between the algorithm and the electrical system. Satisfactory results are achieved from the COA and GSA algorithms with a reduction of more than 50% in relay operating times.

Resumen: El objeto de este artículo es conseguir la coordinación óptima para los relés de sobrecorriente temporizados, modelados en un sistema de prueba. El ajuste tradicional que se emplea usualmente en el campo se toma como criterio base para determinar las mejoras conseguidas con los métodos de optimización implementados. Se determinan parámetros óptimos para dos relés de sobrecorriente temporizados modelados en el sistema de prueba de 13 nodos de la IEEE mediante el software PowerFactory. Los algoritmos de optimización son codificados en Python. Gracias a la interfaz que presenta PowerFactoy con Python, cada algoritmo se ejecuta dentro del sistema eléctrico. Se consiguen resultados satisfactorios de los algoritmos COA y GSA con una reducción de más del 50 % en los tiempos de operación de los relés.

ABSTRACT Dry direct-seeding can get rid of the constraints of high-water demand, and is the simplest and most labor-saving mode in rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivation. However, weeds are more prone to occur in dry direct-seeding rice fields, coupled with increased herbicide resistance, leading to confusion among growers regarding herbicide selection. In this study, our investigation results revealed total grass quantity reached 458.82 plants m-2. Two round of field experiments were conducted to determine suitable post-emergence herbicides for dry direct-seeding indica rice. The results showed that among the herbicides safe to indica rice, the efficacy of the combination of pyraquinate (a new 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase inhibitor, 150.0 g ai ha-1) + florpyrauxifen-benzyl (13.5 g ai ha-1) on Leptochloa chinensis (L.) Nees, Eclipta prostrata (L.) L., Cyperus iria L., Fimbristylis miliacea auct., and total grasses were 89.1%, 97.8%, 97.2%, 90.1%, and 92.8%, respectively; the efficacy of metamifop (120.0 g ai ha-1) + florpyrauxifen-benzyl (18.0 g ai ha-1) and 22.0% cyhalofop-butyl + pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + bispyribac-sodium OD (148.5 g ai ha-1) on main weeds also exceeds 85.0%, except for cyhalofop-butyl-resistant L. chinensis. The combination of metamifop + florpyrauxifen-benzyl and 22.0% cyhalofop-butyl + pyrazosulfuron-ethyl + bispyribac-sodium OD can be selected for fields where L. chinensis is not resistant to acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors. The combination of pyraquinate + florpyrauxifen-benzyl is the most promising combination to control multiple weeds, even ACCase inhibitors-resistant weeds. This study could also provide references for herbicides selection and management of ACCase inhibitors-resistant L. chinensis in dry direct-seeding indica rice field worldwide.

Resumen Introducción: La coartación de la aorta (CoA) es una de las cardiopatías congénitas más frecuentes. La detección prenatal es baja y con una tasa de falsos positivos de hasta un 38%. Objetivo: Evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico de la ecocardiografía fetal en la detección de CoA posnatal en fetos evaluados en el CERPO durante el periodo 2003 a 2021. Método: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de pacientes con sospecha de CoA por desproporción de cavidades y que fueron evaluadas con ecocardiografía fetal. Las biometrías cardiacas evaluadas fueron el diámetro en fin de diástole de ventrículo derecho e izquierdo, diámetro anillo válvula pulmonar y válvula aórtica, y se calcularon sus relaciones. Resultados: Un total de 43 pacientes con sospecha de CoA aislada se incluyeron en el análisis. La tasa de falsos positivos del examen ecocardiográfico prenatal fue de un 48,8%. La relación entre el anillo de válvula pulmonar y aorta fue mayor en fetos con CoA confirmada en el periodo neonatal (p = 0,011). Al considerar un valor sobre 1,53 se observó una sensibilidad del 68,2% y una especificidad del 61,9%. Conclusiones: La sospecha prenatal de CoA por asimetría de cavidades y grandes vasos posee una baja sensibilidad y un elevado número de falsos positivos.

Abstract Introduction: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is one of the most frequent congenital heart diseases. Prenatal detection is low, with a false positive rate of up to 38%. Objective: Evaluate the diagnostic performance of fetal echocardiography in the detection of postnatal CoA in fetuses evaluated at CERPO during 2003 to 2021. Method: This is a retrospective study of patients with suspected CoA due to ventricular disproportion who were evaluated with fetal echocardiography. The cardiac measures evaluated were right and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter, pulmonary and aortic valves diameter and their ratios. Results: A total of 43 patients with suspected isolated CoA were included in the analysis. The false-positive rate of prenatal echocardiographic was 48.8%. The ratio between pulmonary valve and aorta was higher in fetuses with confirmed CoA in the neonatal period (p = 0.011). When considering a value above 1.53, a sensitivity of 68.2% and a specificity of 61.9% was observed. Conclusions: Prenatal suspicion of CoA due to asymmetry of ventricles and/or great vessels has a low sensitivity and a high number of false positives.

Abstract Weed resistance to herbicides affects the main rice producing countries in the Iberian Peninsula. Over-reliance on acetolactate synthase (ALS) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitor herbicides, as well as low diversity of cultural practices have increased selection pressure towards resistant populations. Recently, the emergence of weeds with multiple resistance has also been observed. In the Iberian Peninsula, different populations of Echinochloa spp. have shown resistance to penoxsulam and profoxydim. The main objective of this work is to study the mechanisms involved in the resistance present in these populations through the sequencing of ALS and ACCase genes and gene expression studies by means of qRT-PCR. The study encompasses three populations of Echinochloa sp. from Portugal and seven from Spain, all of which had previously confirmed herbicide resistance through dose-response assays. None of the populations exhibited mutations already described as involved in resistance to ALS and ACCase inhibitors. However, in three resistant Portuguese accessions, mutations in the ACCase gene causing amino acid substitutions in the protein were found, but have not yet been confirmed to confer herbicide resistance. The relative expression of ALS1 and ACCase genes was also assessed. Our study reveals the existence of different levels of overexpression among accessions and differences between roots and leaves within the same accession. These results are indicative of target site type resistance mechanisms, specifically involving gene overexpression between roots and leaves within the same accession. These results are indicative of target site type resistance mechanisms based on gene overexpression.

Resumen La resistencia de las malas hierbas a los herbicidas afecta a los principales países productores de arroz de la Península Ibérica. La excesiva dependencia de herbicidas inhibidores de la acetolactato sintasa (ALS) y de la acetil-CoA carboxilasa (ACCasa), así como la escasa diversidad de prácticas culturales han aumentado la presión de selección hacia poblaciones resistentes. Últimamente, también se ha observado la aparición de malas hierbas con resistencia múltiple. En la Península Ibérica, diferentes poblaciones de Echinochloa spp. han mostrado resistencia a penoxsulam y profoxidim. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el estudio de los mecanismos implicados en la resistencia presente en estas poblaciones, mediante secuenciación de los genes ALS y ACCasa y estudios de expresión génica mediante qRT-PCR. Se incluyeron 3 poblaciones de Echinochloa sp. de Portugal y 7 de España. La resistencia a los herbicidas se confirmó previamente mediante ensayos dosis-respuesta. No se encontró en ninguna población las mutaciones ya descritas como implicadas en la resistencia a los inhibidores de ALS y ACCasa. Sin embargo, en tres accesiones portuguesas resistentes, se encontraron mutaciones en el gen ACCasa que causan sustituciones de aminoácidos en la proteína, pero aún no se ha confirmado que confieran resistencia a herbicidas. También se evaluó la expresión relativa de los genes ALS1 y ACCasa. Nuestro estudio revela la existencia de diferentes niveles de sobreexpresión entre accesiones y diferencias entre raíces y hojas dentro de la misma accesión. Estos resultados son indicativos de mecanismos de resistencia tipo target site, basados en la sobreexpresión génica.

Abstract The term teosinte applies to a group of species and subspecies of the genus Zea, including the wild ancestor of maize. In 2014, its presence was reported in corn fields in Aragon and Catalonia, where it can cause significant reductions in the harvest. Different control measures have been put in place to contain its advance, including the exceptional authorization of the cultivation of corn tolerant to the herbicide cycloxydim (acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme inhibitor) in infested areas. The relationship between maize and teosinte allows hybridization and the possibility of gene flow from maize to the wild plant. Introgression of herbicide resistance genes from maize to teosinte has recently been reported in France where cycloxydim-tolerant maize is authorized for cultivation. In this study, the hybridization rate between a cycloxydim tolerant maize cultivar and teosinte introduced in Spain was determined during three years and the phenology during the vegetative and reproductive phase of hybrids and parents was monitored. For this purpose, free-flowering crosses between teosinte as female parent and maize as male parent were carried out under outside uncontrolled environmental conditions. Hybrid identification was carried out by spraying with cycloxydim (200 g. m.a. ha-1). Despite the flowering overlap between teosinte and maize, hybrids were obtained in only one of the three years at a rate of 3.4%.

Resumen El término teosinte se aplica a un grupo de especies y subespecies del género Zea, entre las que se encuentra el ancestro silvestre del maíz. En 2014 se notificó su presencia en campos de maíz de Aragón y Cataluña, donde ocasiona reducciones importantes en la cosecha. Se han puesto en marcha diferentes medidas de control para contener su avance, entre ellas la autorización excepcional del cultivo de maíz tolerante al herbicida cicloxidim (inhibidor del enzima acetil CoA carboxilasa) en las zonas infestadas. La relación entre el maíz y el teosinte permite su hibridación y la posibilidad de un flujo de genes del maíz a la planta silvestre. La introgresión de genes de resistencia a herbicidas del maíz a teosinte ha sido recientemente citada en Francia donde está autorizado el cultivo de maíz tolerante a cicloxidim. En este estudio se ha determinado durante dos años la tasa de hibridación entre un cultivar de maíz tolerante a cicloxidim y el teosinte introducido en España y se ha realizado un seguimiento de la fenología vegetativa y reproductiva de híbridos y parentales durante un año. Para ello, se han llevado a cabo cruzamientos de floración libre entre teosinte como parental femenino y maíz como parental masculino en el exterior en condiciones ambientales no controladas. La identificación de los híbridos se realizó mediante pulverización con cicloxidim (200 g. m.a. ha-1). A pesar del solapamiento de la floración entre el teosinte y el maíz, únicamente se obtuvieron híbridos en uno de los años en un porcentaje del 3,4%.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the effect of improving the operative field and postoperative atelectasis of single-lung ventilation (SLV) in the surgical repair of coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in infants without the use of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. The clinical data of 28 infants (aged 1 to 4 months, weighing between 4.2 and 6 kg) who underwent surgical repair of CoA without CPB from January 2019 to May 2022 were analyzed. Fourteen infants received SLV with a bronchial blocker (Group S), and the other 14 infants received routine endotracheal intubation and bilateral lung ventilation (Group R). Results: In comparison to Group R, Group S exhibited improved exposure of the operative field, a lower postoperative atelectasis score (P<0.001), reduced prevalence of hypoxemia (P=0.01), and shorter durations of operation, mechanical ventilation, and ICU stay (P=0.01, P<0.001, P=0.03). There was no difference in preoperative information or perioperative respiratory and circulatory indicators before SLV, 10 minutes after SLV, and 10 minutes after the end of SLV between the two groups (P>0.05). Intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and systolic pressure gradient across the coarctation after operation were also not different between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that employing SLV with a bronchial blocker is consistent with enhanced operative field, reduced operation duration, lower prevalence of intraoperative hypoxemia, and fewer postoperative complications during the surgical repair of CoA in infants without the use of CPB. Objective singlelung single (SLV (CoA . (CPB) Methods 2 aged months 42 4. kg 201 202 analyzed S, , S) R. R R) Results P0001 P P<0.001 0 001 (P<0.001) P=0.01, P001 P=0.01 01 (P=0.01) (P=0.01 P=0.03. P003 P=0.03 03 P=0.03) P>0.05. P005 P>0.05 05 (P>0.05) bleeding endexpiratory expiratory PEEP, PEEP (PEEP) Conclusion duration (CPB 20 P000 P<0.00 00 (P<0.001 P00 P=0.0 (P=0.0 P>0.0 (P>0.05 (PEEP P<0.0 (P<0.00 P0 P=0. (P=0. P>0. (P>0.0 P<0. (P<0.0 P=0 (P=0 P>0 (P>0. P<0 (P<0. P= (P= P> (P>0 P< (P<0 (P (P> (P<

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the occurrence of aortic dilatation and its associated predictors with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in infants using multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT). Methods: The clinical data of 47 infantile patients with CoA diagnosed by MSCT and 28 infantile patients with simple ventricular septal defect were analyzed retrospectively. Aortic diameters were measured at six different levels, and aortic sizes were compared by z score. The coarctation site-diaphragm ratio was used to describe the degree of narrowing. Relevant clinical data were collated and analyzed. Results: The dilation rate and z score of the ascending aorta in the severe CoA group were significantly higher than those in the mild CoA group (11 [52.38%] vs. 21 [80.77%], P=0.038 and 2.00 ± 0.48 vs. 2.36 ± 0.43, P=0.010). Pearson’s correlation analysis found that the z score of the ascending aorta was negatively correlated with the coarctation site-diaphragm ratio value (r=-0.410, P=0.004). A logistic retrospective analysis found that an increased degree of coarctation was an independent predictor of aortic dilatation (adjusted odds ratio 0.002; 95% confidence interval 0.00-0.819; P=0.043). The z score of the ascending aorta in the severe CoA group was significantly higher than that in the ventricular septal defect group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Most infants with CoA can also have significant dilatation of the ascending aorta, and the degree of this dilatation is related to the degree of coarctation. Assessment of aortic diameter and related malformations by MSCT can predict the risk of aortic dilatation in infants with CoA. Objective (CoA multislice multi slice MSCT. . (MSCT) Methods 4 2 retrospectively levels sitediaphragm site diaphragm narrowing Results 11 (1 52.38% 5238 52 38 [52.38% vs 80.77%, 8077 80.77% , 80 77 [80.77%] P0038 P 0 038 P=0.03 200 00 2.0 048 48 0.4 236 36 2.3 043 43 0.43 P=0.010. P0010 P=0.010 010 P=0.010) Pearsons Pearson s r=0.410, r0410 r r= 0.410, 410 (r=-0.410 P=0.004. P0004 P=0.004 004 P=0.004) adjusted 0.002 0002 002 95 0.000.819 0000819 0.00 0.819 819 0.00-0.819 P=0.043. P0043 P=0.043 P=0.043) P<0.05. P005 P<0.05 05 (P<0.05) Conclusion (MSCT 1 ( 52.38 523 5 3 [52.38 807 80.77 8 7 [80.77% P003 03 P=0.0 20 2. 04 0. 23 P001 P=0.01 01 r=0.410 r041 0410 0.410 41 (r=-0.41 P000 P=0.00 000 9 0.000.81 000081 0.0 0819 0.81 81 0.00-0.81 P004 P=0.04 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 52.3 [52.3 80.7 [80.77 P=0. r=0.41 r04 041 0.41 (r=-0.4 0.000.8 00008 081 0.8 0.00-0.8 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 52. [52. 80. [80.7 P=0 r=0.4 r0 (r=-0. 0.000. 0000 08 0.00-0. P<0 (P<0. [52 [80. P= r=0. (r=-0 0.000 0.00-0 P< (P<0 [5 [80 r=0 (r=- 0.00- (P< [ [8 (r= (P (r

Abstract Medium chain acyl-coA dehydrogenase deficiency (MCADD), the most common fatty acid oxidation disorder, has been regarded as a relatively benign condition with low risk of mortality in patients with a known diagnosis, if adequate caloric intake is met. However, inadequate energy provision, as occurs in eating disorders, significantly amplifies the risk of metabolic decompensation. This case series describes four patients with MCADD and a concomitant eating disorder and aims to raise awareness of the potentially under-recognised coexistence of these conditions. All patients were female with signs of disordered eating in adolescence and young adulthood though latency in diagnosis was apparent. Three of the patients had low body mass index (BMI) and the other was overweight. Metabolic decompensation and hospitalisation occurred in three of four patients secondary to extreme risk-taking behaviour with caloric restriction. The coexistence of MCADD and eating disorders is of significant concern, placing the patient at substantial risk of decompensation in an otherwise relatively stable metabolic condition. Awareness of disordered eating in this population is paramount, as early recognition of signs and symptoms of eating disorders in the MCADD population may facilitate prompt intervention and avoidance of morbidity and potential mortality. acylcoA acyl coA MCADD, , (MCADD) met However provision underrecognised under recognised conditions apparent BMI (BMI overweight risktaking taking restriction concern paramount (MCADD

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a narrowing of the thoracic aorta that often manifests as discrete stenosis but may be tortuous or in long segment. The study aimed to evaluate pre and post-surgical aspects of pediatric patients submitted to CoA surgical correction and to identify possible predisposing factors for aortic recoarctation. Methods: Twenty-five patients were divided into groups according to presence (N=8) or absence (N=17) of recoarctation after surgical correction of CoA and evaluated according to clinical-demographic profile, vascular characteristics via computed angiotomography (CAT), and other pathological conditions. Results: Majority of males (64%), ≥ 15 days old (76%), ≥ 2.5 kg (80%). There was similarity between groups with and without recoarctation regarding sex (male: 87% vs. 53%; P=0.277), age (≥ 15 days: 62.5 vs. 82%; P=0.505), and weight (≥ 2.5 kg: 87.5 vs. 76.5; P=0,492). Altered values of aortic root/Valsalva diameter, proximal transverse arch, and distal isthmus, and normal values for aorta prevailed in preoperative CAT. Normal values for the aortic root/Valsalva sinus diameter were observed with and without recoarctation, the same for both groups regarding ascending and descending aorta in postoperative CAT. No significant difference for altered values of proximal transverse arch and alteration in distal isthmus was observed. Conclusion: No predictive risk for recoarctation was observed. CTA proved to be important in CoA diagnosis and management, since CoA is mainly related with altered diameter of aortic root/sinus of Valsalva and proximal and distal aortic arch/isthmus, however, it failed to show predictive risk for recoarctation. Introduction (CoA segment postsurgical post Methods Twentyfive Twenty five N=8 N8 N 8 (N=8 N=17 N17 17 (N=17 clinicaldemographic clinical demographic profile CAT, CAT , (CAT) conditions Results 64%, 64 64% (64%) 1 76%, 76 76% (76%) 25 2 5 2. 80%. 80 80% . (80%) male (male 87 vs 53% 53 P=0.277, P0277 P P=0.277 0 277 P=0.277) ( 625 62 62. 82% 82 P=0.505, P0505 P=0.505 505 P=0.505) 875 87. 76.5 765 P=0,492. P0492 P=0,492 492 P=0,492) rootValsalva root Conclusion management rootsinus archisthmus arch/isthmus however N= (N= N=1 N1 (N=1 (CAT 6 (64% 7 (76% (80% P027 P=0.27 27 P050 P=0.50 50 76. P049 P=0,49 49 (N (64 (76 (80 P02 P=0.2 P05 P=0.5 P04 P=0,4 4 (6 (7 (8 P0 P=0. P=0, P=0 P=

Abstract Hypertensive individuals present alterations in their calcium metabolism that consequently decrease the concentration of this mineral in the bone tissue. Objectives to evaluate the morphological and functional characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue that was formed during the healing process by the placement implants using two different surface treatments: hydrophilic Acqua™ (ACQ) and rough NeoPoros™ (NEO), in spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) and normotensive rats (Wistar) whether or not treated with losartan. Methodology In total, 96 male rats (48 Wistar and 48 SHR) were divided into eight subgroups: absolute control rough (COA NEO), absolute control hydrophilic (COA ACQ), losartan control rough (COL NEO), losartan control hydrophilic (COL ACQ), SHR absolute rough (SHR NEO), SHR absolute hydrophilic (SHR ACQ), SHR losartan rough (SHRL NEO), and SHR losartan hydrophilic (SHRL ACQ). The rats medicated with losartan received daily doses of the medication. NeoPoros™ and Acqua™ implants were installed in the tibiae of the rats. After 14 and 42 days of the surgery, the fluorochromes calcein and alizarin were injected in the rats. The animals were euthanized 67 days after treatment. The collected samples were analyzed by immunohistochemistry, biomechanics, microcomputerized tomography, and laser confocal scanning microscopy analysis. Results The osteocalcin (OC) and vascular endothelium growth factor (VEGF) proteins had moderate expression in the SHRL ACQ subgroup. The same subgroup also had the highest implant removal torque. Regarding microarchitectural characteristics, a greater number of trabeculae was noted in the control animals that were treated with losartan. In the bone mineralization activity, it was observed that the Acqua™ surface triggered higher values of MAR (mineral apposition rate) in the COA, COL, and SHRL groups (p<0.05). Conclusion the two implant surface types showed similar responses regarding the characteristics of the peri-implant bone tissue, even though the ACQ surface seems to improve the early stages of osseointegration. periimplant peri treatments Acqua (ACQ NeoPoros NEO, NEO , (NEO) (Wistar total 9 (4 4 subgroups COA NEO) ACQ, ACQ) COL ACQ. . medication 1 surgery 6 treatment immunohistochemistry biomechanics tomography analysis OC (OC VEGF (VEGF torque activity rate p<0.05. p005 p p<0.05 0 05 (p<0.05) osseointegration (NEO ( p00 p<0.0 (p<0.05 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

Abstract: Assai (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) cultivars BRS-Pará (BRS-PA) and BRS-Pai d’Égua (BRS-PDE) were selected for cultivation in upland regions of the Amazon. Given these cultivars were developed from different progenitors, we postulated that they differ regarding water-deficit tolerance. To test this hypothesis, plants of both cultivars were evaluated under well-watered (control) and water-deficit conditions (pre-dawn leaf water potential of – 2.33 MPa). Relative to control, the water-deficit decreased net CO2 assimilation rate (A) and transpiration by 82% and 86% in both cultivars, while the stomatal conductance (gs) was reduced by 93% and 87% in stressed plants of BRS-PDE and BRS-PA. The water-deficit improved instantaneous water-use efficiency by 43% in both cultivars, while intrinsic water-use efficiency (A/gs) increased by 193% and 33% in BRS-PDE and BRS-PA. The water-deficit induced 44% increase in foliar proline and 27% decrease in soluble carbohydrates in both cultivars, while foliar sucrose decreased by 53% in BRS-PA and 16% in BRS-PDE in relation to control. The relative water content in stressed plants of both cultivars was decreased by 8.5% in relation to control. In conclusion, the more efficient stomatal opening control and higher A/gs in BRS-PDE indicate this cultivar better copes with drought than BRS-PA. Abstract Euterpe Mart. Mart BRSPará BRS Pará BRSPA PA (BRS-PA BRSPai Pai dÉgua d Égua BRSPDE PDE (BRS-PDE Amazon progenitors waterdeficit deficit tolerance hypothesis wellwatered well watered (control predawn pre dawn 233 2 33 2.3 MPa. MPa . MPa) CO A (A 82 86 gs (gs 93 87 BRSPA. PA. wateruse use 43 Ags (A/gs 193 44 27 53 16 85 8 5 8.5 conclusion 23 3 2. 9 4 19 1 8.

Resumo As cultivares de açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) BRS-Pará (BRS-PA) e BRS-Pai d’Égua (BRS-PDE) foram selecionadas para cultivo em regiões de terra firme da Amazônia. Como essas cultivares foram desenvolvidas a partir de diferentesprogenitores,nós postulamos que essas cultivares podem diferir na tolerância ao déficithídrico. Para testar essa hipótese, plantas de ambas os cultivares foram avaliadas em condiçõesadequadas de irrigação (controle) e déficit hídrico (potencial hídrico foliar naantemanhã de – 2,33MPa). Em relação ao controle, o déficit hídrico reduziu a taxa de assimilaçãolíquida de CO2(A) e a transpiração, em 82%, e 86% em ambas as cultivares, enquanto acondutância estomática(gs) foi reduzida em 93% e 87%, nas plantas estressadas de BRS-PDE e BRS-PA. O déficit hídrico aumentou a eficiência instantânea do uso da água em 43%, em ambas as cultivares,enquanto a eficiência intrínseca do uso da água (A/gs) aumentou 193% na BRS-PDE e 33% na BRS-PA. O déficit hídrico induziu o aumento de 44% na prolina foliare um decréscimo de 27% nos carboidratos solúveis totais, enquanto a sacarose foliar diminuiu53% na BRS-PA e 16% na BRS-PDE, em relação ao controle. O conteúdo relativo de águanas plantas estressadas de ambas as cultivares diminuiu em 8,5% em relação ao controle. Emconclusão, o controle da abertura estomática mais eficiente e a maior A/gs, na BRS-PDE,indicam que esta cultivar respondeu melhor ao déficit hídrico que a BRS-PA. Euterpe Mart. Mart BRSPará BRS Pará BRSPA PA (BRS-PA BRSPai Pai dÉgua d Égua BRSPDE PDE (BRS-PDE Amazônia diferentesprogenitoresnós diferentesprogenitores nós déficithídrico hipótese (controle potencial 2,33MPa. 233MPa MPa 2,33MPa . 2 33MPa 2,33MPa) CO2A COA CO2 A CO CO2(A transpiração 82 82% 86 estomáticags gs estomática(gs 93 87 87% BRSPA. PA. 43 43% cultivaresenquanto A/gs Ags (A/gs 193 33 44 27 totais diminuiu53 16 BRSPDE, PDE, 85 8 5 8,5 Emconclusão BRSPDE,indicam BRSPDEindicam PDE,indicam indicam 9 4 19 3 diminuiu5 1 8, PDEindicam

Resumo Entre o contínuum lingüístico e cultural galego-portugués hai moito ruído institucional (Torres Feijó e Samartim, 2018) que é preciso silenciar. O ruído é entendido aquí como unha falla na comunicación provocada por un conxunto de obstáculos entre Galiza e Portugal, que traban a fluidez da relación e incluso chegan a impedir esta (cf. Quiroga, 2016). Ou desde unha perspectiva complementar, a identidade galega é sempre posta en causa en Portugal (García González, 2012; Pazos-Justo, 2016, p. 9). Porén, e como dicía Manuel María: “Se ollamos un mapa da península ibérica podemos comprobar que Galiza forma parte da súa cara atlántica. Galiza é, como se dixésemos, a cabeza de Portugal” (María, 2010, p. 14). O meu argumento chave neste texto é que a lingua e a cultura galegas fan parte do sistema lingüístico e cultural galego-portugués, e desenvolverei esta perspectiva culturalista integracionista a partir de un diálogo crítico e dialéctico coa obra de Fernando Venâncio titulada “Assim nasceu uma língua”.

Abstract Between the Galician-Portuguese linguistic and cultural continuum there is a lot of institutional noise (Torres Feijó and Samartim, 2018) that needs to be silenced. The noise is understood here as a failure in communication caused by a set of obstacles between Galicia and Portugal, which block the fluidity of the relationship and even prevent it (cf. Quiroga, 2016). Or from a complementary perspective, Galician identity is always called into question in Portugal (García González, 2012; Pazos-Justo, 2016, p. 9). However, as Manuel María said: "If we look at a map of the Iberian Peninsula, we can see that Galicia is part of its Atlantic side. Galicia is, as we say, the head of Portugal" (María, 2010, p. 14). My key argument in this text is that the Galician language and culture are part of the Galician-Portuguese linguistic and cultural system, and I will develop this integrationist culturalist perspective from a critical and dialectical dialogue with Fernando Venâncio's work entitled "Assim nasceu uma língua" .

Resumen: Emergen diversas formas alternativas de comunicación como la radio comunitaria, podcasts radiales, publicaciones en redes y comunicados. Herramientas que han servido a las comunidades del oriente y suroeste antioqueño y a las organizaciones COA y el MOVETE, para sustentar sus causas en el tiempo, hacer masiva la tarea co municativa y llevar a más personas una invitación a la acción en favor de la defensa del territorio. Esto con la ventaja que las estrategias de comunicación popular per miten a muchos actores, pues no solo devienen en consumidores y receptores de la información que otros producen, sino también creadores y emisores de su propia información, la cual emerge de las dinámicas de su cotidianidad, contribuyendo a cerrar la brecha comunicativa existente entre los medios de comunicación masiva y las comunidades excluidas.

Abstract: Various alternative forms of communication have emerged, such as community ra dio, radio podcasts, publications in networks, and press releases. These tools have served communities of eastern and southwestern Antioquia and the organizations COA and MOVETE, to sustain their causes over time, make the communicative task massive, and extend an invitation to more people to take action in favor of the de fense of the territory. This has the advantage that popular communication strategies allow many stakeholders to become not only consumers and receivers of the infor mation that other people produce, but also creators and transmitters of their own information, which emerges from the dynamics of their daily lives, by helping to re duce the communication gap between mass media and the excluded communities.

Abstract. Recently, there is growing interest in obtaining bioactive compounds from species in the family Cactaceae, which has been little analyzed at the genomic and transcriptomic level. We here report the assembly of the genome of Cereus fernambucensis and we analyzed six cactus genomes (Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus and Stenocereus thurberi), the annotation of putative genes, and the modeling of the three-dimensional structures of their predicted proteins involved in flavonoid metabolism. We identified genes encoding proteins related to plant pathogenesis (PR-10), coding secuences (CDS) of aldehyde reductase and flavonoid reductase, CDS of enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic compounds, and ABC transporters. The grouping of the enzymes aspartic proteinase-like protein, flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H), hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA shikimate/quinate hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT), and protein serine/threonine- phosphatase was shown to be highly conserved in the genomes of the analyzed cacti. We found divergence of the plant PDR ABC-type transporter family protein (PEN3) in Cereus fernambucensis and the absence in this species of sterol methyltransferase (SMT1). Our three-dimensional modeling of the tertiary structure of F3H from a consensus sequence of cactus species had 88 % identity with that reported in Arabidopsis thaliana. We observed the conservation in several plant species of the 2-oxoglutarate and iron-dependent domain of F3H. This is the first report of an exploration of putative genes encoding enzymes involved in secondary metabolism in cacti species providing information that could be used to improve the production of bioactive compounds in them.

Resumen. Recientemente, ha incrementado el interés en obtener compuestos bioactivos de especies de la familia Cactaceae, que ha sido poco analizada a nivel genómico y transcriptómico. Nosotros reportamos el ensamblaje del genoma Cereus fernambucensis y analizamos además seis genomas de cactus (Carnegiea gigantea, Lophocereus schottii, Pachycereus pringlei, Pereskia humboldtii, Selenicereus undatus y Stenocereus thurberi), la anotación de genes putativos y el modelado de las estructuras tridimensionales de sus proteínas involucradas en el metabolismo de los flavonoides. Se identificaron genes que codifican proteínas relacionadas con la patogénesis vegetal (PR-10), secuencias codificantes (CDS) de aldehído reductasas y flavonoide reductasas, CDS de enzimas implicadas en la biosíntesis de compuestos fenólicos y transportadores ABC. La agrupación de las enzimas similar a la proteinasa aspártica, flavanona 3-hidroxilasa (F3H), hidroxicinamoil-CoA shikimato/quinato hidroxicinamoiltransferasa (HCT) y proteína serina/treonina-fosfatasa demostró estar altamente conservada en los genomas de los cactus analizados. Se encontró divergencia de la proteína (PEN3) de la familia transportadora de tipo ABC PDR en Cereus fernambucensis y la ausencia en esta especie de esterol metiltransferasa (SMT1). Nuestro modelado tridimensional de la estructura terciaria de F3H a partir de una secuencia consenso de especies de cactus tuvo una identidad del 88 % con la reportada en Arabidopsis thaliana. Observamos la conservación en varias especies vegetales del dominio 2-oxoglutarato y dependiente del hierro de F3H. Este es el primer informe de una exploración de genes putativos que codifican enzimas involucradas en el metabolismo secundario en especies de cactus que aporta información que podría usarse para mejorar la producción de compuestos bioactivos.

Abstract Fluoride (F) has been widely used to control dental caries, and studies suggest beneficial effects against diabetes when a low dose of F is added to the drinking water (10 mgF/L). Objectives This study evaluated metabolic changes in pancreatic islets of NOD mice exposed to low doses of F and the main pathways altered by the treatment. Methodology In total, 42 female NOD mice were randomly divided into two groups, considering the concentration of F administered in the drinking water for 14 weeks: 0 or 10 mgF/L. After the experimental period, the pancreas was collected for morphological and immunohistochemical analysis, and the islets for proteomic analysis. Results In the morphological and immunohistochemical analysis, no significant differences were found in the percentage of cells labelled for insulin, glucagon, and acetylated histone H3, although the treated group had higher percentages than the control group. Moreover, no significant differences were found for the mean percentages of pancreatic areas occupied by islets and for the pancreatic inflammatory infiltrate between the control and treated groups. Proteomic analysis showed large increases in histones H3 and, to a lesser extent, in histone acetyltransferases, concomitant with a decrease in enzymes involved in the formation of acetyl-CoA, besides many changes in proteins involved in several metabolic pathways, especially energy metabolism. The conjunction analysis of these data showed an attempt by the organism to maintain protein synthesis in the islets, even with the dramatic changes in energy metabolism. Conclusion Our data suggests epigenetic alterations in the islets of NOD mice exposed to F levels comparable to those found in public supply water consumed by humans. (F caries (1 mgFL mgF/L . mgF L mgF/L) treatment total 4 groups 1 weeks period insulin glucagon H Moreover extent acetyltransferases acetylCoA, acetylCoA acetyl CoA, CoA acetyl-CoA metabolism humans (