Abstract: In the present landscape of cloud computing, the effective scheduling of tasks stands as a pivotal element in optimizing the operational efficiency of distributed systems. This paper conducts a thorough and comparative examination of recent trends and progress within this vital and ever-evolving domain. By meticulously reviewing crucial performance metrics and critically analyzing state-of-the-art methodologies, we present a comprehensive overview of Cloud Task Scheduling. We emphasize the shift towards multi-objective strategies, mirroring the escalating complexity and diversity witnessed in cloud environments. Employing innovative approaches and illustrative case studies, we delve into the practical implementation of prominent algorithms, including L A B C, MaOEA-SIN, and MALO. The detailed analysis not only underscores their efficacy in real-world contexts but also pinpoints areas ripe for enhancement and adaptation within multi-cloud settings. Beyond offering an in-depth understanding of the latest developments in Cloud Task Scheduling, this article endeavors to stimulate collaboration and discourse within the academic and professional community. We aim to ignite future advancements, thereby contributing to the sustained growth of this strategic and dynamic field.

Abstract This work investigated the annual variations in dry snow (DSRZ) and wet snow radar zones (WSRZ) in the north of the Antarctic Peninsula between 2015-2023. A specific code for snow zone detection on Sentinel-1 images was created on Google Earth Engine by combining the CryoSat-2 digital elevation model and air temperature data from ERA5. Regions with backscatter coefficients (σ⁰) values exceeding -6.5 dB were considered the extent of surface melt occurrence, and the dry snow line was considered to coincide with the -11 °C isotherm of the average annual air temperature. The annual variation in WSRZ exhibited moderate correlations with annual average air temperature, total precipitation, and the sum of annual degree-days. However, statistical tests indicated low determination coefficients and no significant trend values in DSRZ behavior with atmospheric variables. The results of reducing DSRZ area for 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 compared to 2018/2018 indicated the upward in dry zone line in this AP region. The methodology demonstrated its efficacy for both quantitative and qualitative analyses of data obtained in digital processing environments, allowing for the large-scale spatial and temporal variations monitoring and for the understanding changes in glacier mass loss. (DSRZ (WSRZ 20152023. 20152023 2015 2023. 2023 2015-2023 Sentinel1 Sentinel 1 Sentinel- CryoSat2 CryoSat 2 CryoSat- ERA5 ERA σ⁰ σ (σ⁰ 6.5 65 6 5 -6. occurrence 11 -1 C precipitation degreedays. degreedays degree days. days degree-days However variables 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/202 20182018 2018 2018/201 region environments largescale large scale loss 2015202 201 202 2015-202 (σ 6. -6 - 2019202 2019/20 2020202 2020/20 2018201 2018/20 201520 20 2015-20 201920 2019/2 202020 2020/2 201820 2018/2 20152 2015-2 20192 2019/ 20202 2020/ 20182 2018/ 2015-

Electronic waste (e-waste) contains toxic elements that, if not carefully disposed of, can harm the environment and human health. It is imperative that e-waste is handled in a correct, safe manner. The study engaged with two rural South African villages, Mantunzeleni and Mpeta in the Eastern Cape Province, to determine their current e-waste disposal practices and to co-design a cloud-based mobile application (app) for improved e-waste management. Twenty-six participants, 13 from each village, participated in the study. A focus group discussion with participants explored the communities' existing e-waste disposal behaviours, which were found to be harmful to the environment. Participants were then introduced to, and guided through, the co-design process, which resulted in development of a prototype cloud-based mobile app that would, if implemented, allow households to request the collection of e-waste items by the local municipality. The authors argue that, because of the co-design process, the app (if implemented by the municipality) will be well-suited to the needs of, and widely used by, the two target communities, who will feel a sense of ownership of the technological solution that they helped to create.

RESUMO Proposta O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a viabilidade técnica da adoção de tecnologias I4.0 em uma indústria moveleira de grande porte, localizada na região sul do Brasil. Design/metodologia/abordagem A estratégia de pesquisa foi um estudo de caso único, abordagem qualitativa, coletando dados empíricos por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante e levantamento documental submetido à análise de conteúdo. Resultados Os resultados evidenciaram que as tecnologias I4.0 foram consideradas tecnicamente viáveis para adoção na empresa, sendo que algumas dessas tecnologias já foram adotadas em algumas de suas operações, como IoT, big data, Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), Additive Manufacturing (AM)/impressão 3D, computação em nuvem e integração vertical. Por outro lado, RFID, robôs colaborativos, gêmeos digitais, realidade aumentada e IA apresentam viabilidade técnica, mas ainda não foram adotados. Limitações da pesquisa A limitação da pesquisa decorre da opção de estratégia pelo estudo de caso, que restringe a possibilidade de generalização dos resultados obtidos. Implicações práticas Os resultados do estudo facultam a revisão do processo operacional das indústrias de móveis, com o intuito de identificar as tecnologias da indústria 4.0 que podem ser adotadas, sob a perspectiva da relação custo x benefício. Originalidade/valor A crescente integração da Internet das Coisas (IoT) no segmento industrial possibilita uma nova era industrial. No entanto, a indústria moveleira, encontra-se em fase inicial de adoção dessas tecnologias. O estudo aborda um tema que representa ainda um tabu em meio corporativo do setor industrial em questão e, portanto, oferece elementos para o debate. I40 I I4 0 I4. porte Brasil Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia único qualitativa profundidade conteúdo empresa operações IoT data Cyberphysical Cyber physical CPS, CPS , (CPS) AM/impressão AMimpressão AM /impressão impressão 3D D vertical lado RFID colaborativos digitais adotados obtidos móveis 40 4 4. benefício Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor (IoT entanto encontrase encontra se portanto debate (CPS

ABSTRACT Purpose The objective of this study is to analyze the technical feasibility of adopting I4.0 technologies in a large furniture industry located in the southern region of Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Strategy research is a single case study, qualitative approach, collecting empirical data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a documental survey submitted to content analysis. Findings Results evidenced that technologies I4.0 were considered technically viable for adoption in the company, and some of these technologies have already been adopted in some of its operations, such as IoT, big data, Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), Additive Manufacturing (AM)/3D printing, cloud computing, and vertical integration. On the other hand, RFID, collaborative robots, digital twins, augmented reality, and AI present technical feasibility but have not yet been adopted. Research limitations/implication The limitation of the research stems from the strategy option for the case study, which restricts the possibility of generalizing the results obtained. Practical implications The results of the study provide a review of the operational processes of the furniture industry, with the aim of identifying industry 4.0 technologies that can be adopted from the perspective of cost-benefit ratio. Originality/value The increasing integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the industrial segment enables a new industrial era. However, furniture manufacturing is in the initial stages of adopting these technologies. The study addresses a topic that still represents a taboo in the corporate environment of the industrial sector in question and therefore offers elements for debate. I40 I I4 0 I4. Brazil Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach indepth depth interviews observation analysis company operations IoT Cyberphysical Cyber physical CPS, CPS , (CPS) AM/3D AM3D AMD AM /3D 3D D printing computing hand RFID robots twins reality limitationsimplication limitations implication obtained 40 4 4. costbenefit cost benefit ratio Originalityvalue Originality value (IoT era However debate (CPS

Metaverse brings about the reshaping of the playful human being (homo ludens) into the digitalised human being (homo digitalis). Transcendence (homo transcendentalis) has become digitalised by the power of technologised options (optimalisation of our being human) and fictive forms of sublimations (avatars). Due to, inter alia, Facebook and Instagram, a spirituality of diachronic networking and digital immediacy, set in: I start to exist through and via (Greek: dia) the digitalised other. Thus, the following research question: How could metaverse thinking contribute to a multidimensional reinterpretation of religious spirituality?

Abstract This paper examines the potential of cloud technologies in audiovisual translator education with a particular emphasis on cloud subtitling. The fast-growing global demand for multimedia content has recently led to the significant growth of audiovisual translation (AVT) as both a professional avenue and an academic discipline (Díaz-Cintas, 2019). Developments in cloud computing have profoundly altered work in the language and translation industries in general and media localisation workflows in particular (Díaz-Cintas & Massidda, 2019). The market’s leading stakeholders are currently exploiting cloud technologies in an attempt to maximise resources, extend freelance networks and enhance efficiency. Access to most of these technologies, however, remains restricted to the largest media-streaming and translation service providers, meaning that they cannot be utilised by the public, not least would-be translators and trainers. The umbilical connection between translator education and new technologies, such as cloud computing, calls for a more detailed examination of how cloud subtitling is being integrated into the AVT classroom. Indeed, to be fully employable in an ever-changing market, AVT trainees need to be fully conversant in the latest technologies (Cerezo-Merchán, 2018) and adapt to new ecosystems quickly. The ubiquitous cloud-based revoicing and subtitling editors used in the industry are becoming timidly, albeit steadily, more manifest in higher education. This paper thus examines the uses of cloud subtitling systems in audiovisual translator education following instances of action research (AR) experimentation. It presents the results from a pilot AR study conducted at a translator training institution and ultimately proposes ways to further explore cloud technologies in higher education while fostering academia-industry partnerships. fastgrowing fast growing (AVT DíazCintas, DíazCintas Díaz Cintas, Cintas 2019. 2019 . 2019) Massidda markets market s resources efficiency however mediastreaming streaming providers public wouldbe would trainers classroom Indeed everchanging ever changing CerezoMerchán, CerezoMerchán Cerezo Merchán, Merchán (Cerezo-Merchán 2018 quickly cloudbased based timidly steadily (AR experimentation academiaindustry academia partnerships 201 20 2

ABSTRACT Remote sensing data used in this study included MSI (Multispectral Instrument) Sentinel-2, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Sentinel-1, GLCM (Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix) texture data derived from Sentinel-1, and geomorphometric data derived from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) images. The input data was divided into separate groups for machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Random Forest (RF), which were implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform. RF showed the highest overall accuracies (93 to 97%), regardless of the dataset used as input, with the Kappa index ranging from 0.89 (optical and SAR data) to 0.95 (optical, SAR, and geomorphometric data). CART showed identical overall accuracy values (92.5%) except for the dataset supplemented with SAR texture data, which showed slightly lower accuracy (91.7%), with the Kappa index ranging from 0.89 to 0.91. The worst performance was classifying optical data by SVM, resulting in 59% accuracy and a Kappa index of 0.37. However, the synergy of optical, SAR, and geomorphometric data classified by SVM achieved 75% accuracy. Multispectral Instrument Sentinel2, Sentinel2 Sentinel 2, 2 Sentinel-2 Synthetic Sentinel1, Sentinel1 1, 1 Sentinel-1 Grey CoOccurrence Co Occurrence Matrix Shuttle Mission images algorithms , (SVM) CART, (CART) RF, (RF) platform 93 (9 97%, 97 97% 97%) 089 0 89 0.8 095 95 0.9 data. . 92.5% 925 92 5 (92.5% 91.7%, 917 91.7% 91 7 (91.7%) 091 0.91 59 037 37 0.37 However 75 Sentinel- (SVM (CART (RF 9 ( 08 8 0. 09 92.5 (92.5 91.7 (91.7% 03 3 0.3 92. (92. 91. (91.7 (92 (91. (91

RESUMO Foram utilizados dados de sensoriamento remoto adquiridos pelos sensores MSI (Multispetral Instrument) do satélite Sentinel-2 e SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Sentinel-1, dados de textura GLCM (Grey Level Co-Ocurrence Matrix) derivados das imagens Sentinel-1 e dados geomorfométricos derivados de imagens SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). Os dados compuseram diferentes grupos de entrada para os classificadores de aprendizagem de máquina Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) e Random Forest (RF), implementados na plataforma Google Earth Engine. O RF apresentou as maiores exatidões globais (93 a 97%), independente do conjunto de dados utilizados como entrada, com o índice Kappa variando de 0,89 (dados ópticos e SAR) a 0,95 (dados ópticos, SAR e geomorfométricos). O CART apresentou valores idênticos de exatidão global (92,5%) exceto para o conjunto de dados acrescido dos dados de textura SAR, que apresentou exatidão ligeiramente mais baixa (91,7%), com índice Kappa variando de 0,89 a 0,91. O pior desempenho foi o da classificação de dados ópticos por SVM, resultando em 59% de exatidão e 0,37 de índice Kappa. Todavia, a sinergia de dados ópticos, SAR e geomorfométricos classificados por SVM atingiu 75% de exatidão. Multispetral Instrument Sentinel2 Sentinel 2 Sentinel- Synthetic Sentinel1, Sentinel1 1, 1 Grey CoOcurrence Co Ocurrence Matrix Shuttle Mission. Mission . Mission) , (SVM) (CART RF, (RF) Engine 93 (9 97%, 97 97% 97%) 089 0 89 0,8 095 95 0,9 geomorfométricos. geomorfométricos) 92,5% 925 92 5 (92,5% 91,7%, 917 91,7% 91 7 (91,7%) 091 0,91 59 037 37 0,3 Todavia 75 (SVM (RF 9 ( 08 8 0, 09 92,5 (92,5 91,7 (91,7% 03 3 92, (92, 91, (91,7 (92 (91, (91

Objetivo: avaliar a usabilidade do sistema computacional “Apoio à Revisão Sistemática”. Método: estudo metodológico envolvendo 21 estudantes, que avaliaram o sistema computacional em um teste de usabilidade remoto e síncrono. Foram realizadas duas atividades, contendo 21 tarefas simulando as etapas iniciais de um estudo de revisão, propostas para eliminação de referências duplicadas, seleção de estudos e resolução de divergências entre avaliadores. No final, os participantes responderam ao questionário System Usability Scale . As medidas utilizadas foram: taxa de conclusão com assistência (eficácia) e tempo para concluir a tarefa (eficiência). Os dados foram descritos em tabela por meio de média, desvio-padrão, valores mínimo e máximo. Resultados: no total de 21 tarefas, os participantes apresentaram taxa de conclusão com assistência de 9% e tempo médio de 55,1 minutos (sendo 60 minutos o tempo esperado). A nota média fornecida pelo instrumento System Usability Scale foi 82,4 (considerando uma pontuação de 0 a 100), mediana 85; valor mínimo 35 e máximo 97,5. Conclusão: o sistema computacional apresenta parâmetros de eficácia e eficiência necessários a uma ferramenta computacional de revisão. Apresenta usabilidade de 82,4 em escala de 0 a 100 avaliada pelo instrumento System Usability Scale . A versão apresentada incorpora os ajustes identificados no teste em uso. Objetivo Apoio Sistemática. Sistemática Sistemática” Método 2 estudantes síncrono atividades revisão duplicadas avaliadores final (eficácia eficiência. (eficiência) desviopadrão, desviopadrão desvio padrão, padrão desvio-padrão Resultados 9 551 55 1 55, sendo 6 esperado. esperado esperado) 824 82 4 82, considerando 100, , 100) 85 3 975 97 5 97,5 Conclusão 10 uso (eficiência 8 97,

Objetivo: evaluar la usabilidad del sistema computacional “Apoyo a la Revisión Sistemática” Método: estudio metodológico involucrando a 21 estudiantes que evaluaron el sistema computacional en un test de usabilidad remoto y sincrónico. Se realizaron dos actividades, conteniendo 21 tareas simulando las etapas iniciales de un estudio de revisión, propuestas para la eliminación de referencias duplicadas, selección de estudios y resolución de divergencias entre evaluadores. Al final, los participantes respondieron al cuestionario System Usability Scale . Las medidas utilizadas fueron: tasa de conclusión con soporte (eficacia) y tiempo para concluir la tarea (eficiencia). Los datos fueron descritos en tabla mediante media, desviación estándar, valores mínimo y máximo. Resultados: en el total de 21 tareas, los participantes presentaron una tasa de conclusión con soporte del 9% y un tiempo medio de 55,1 minutos (siendo el tiempo esperado: 60 minutos). La nota media proporcionada por el instrumento System Usability Scale fue de 82,4 (considerando una puntuación de 0 a 100), mediana 85; valor mínimo 35 y máximo 97,5. Conclusión: el sistema computacional presenta parámetros de eficacia y eficiencia necesarios para una herramienta computacional de revisión. Presenta usabilidad de 82,4 en escala de 0 a 100 evaluada por el instrumento System Usability Scale . La versión presentada incorpora los ajustes identificados en el test en uso. Objetivo Apoyo Sistemática Método 2 sincrónico actividades revisión duplicadas evaluadores final (eficacia eficiencia. (eficiencia) estándar Resultados 9 551 55 1 55, siendo esperado 6 minutos. minutos) 824 82 4 82, considerando 100, , 100) 85 3 975 97 5 97,5 Conclusión 10 uso (eficiencia 8 97,

Objective: to evaluate the usability of the “Systematic Review Support” computer system. Method: methodological study involving 21 students who evaluated the computer system in a remote and synchronous usability test. Two activities were carried out, containing 21 tasks simulating the initial steps of a review study, proposals for eliminating duplicate references, selecting studies and resolving disagreements between evaluators. At the end, participants answered the System Usability Scale questionnaire. The measures used were: completion rate with assistance (effectiveness) and time to complete the task (efficiency). The data was described in a table using the mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum values. Results: in a total of 21 tasks, the participants had an assisted completion rate of 9% and an average time of 55.1 minutes (the expected time being 60 minutes). The average score provided by the System Usability Scale instrument was 82.4 (considering a score from 0 to 100), median 85; minimum value 35 and maximum 97.5. Conclusion: the computer system has the effectiveness and efficiency parameters required of a computer review tool. It has a usability score of 82.4 on a scale of 0 to 100 assessed by the System Usability Scale instrument. The version presented incorporates the adjustments identified in the test in use. Objective Systematic Support Method 2 out references evaluators end questionnaire (effectiveness efficiency. . (efficiency) mean deviation values Results 9 551 55 1 55. 6 minutes. minutes) 824 82 4 82. considering 100, , 100) 85 3 975 97 5 97.5 Conclusion tool 10 use (efficiency 8 97.

BACKGROUND: South African universities are dealing with concerning socio-economic issues and budgetary limits that affect university operations negatively. It is no longer viable for most universities to purchase and maintain information technology (IT) infrastructure systems while also keeping up with the ever-changing technology across the world OBJECTIVES: The aim of this article is to explore the benefits that come with infrastructure as a service (IaaS), as compared to the on-premises model that is currently used by most South African universities METHOD: This article adopts both transaction cost theory (TCT) and diffusion of innovation theory (DOI) as the underpinning theories. The interpretivist paradigm was applied to gain a comprehensive understanding of how university management perceives IaaS adoption RESULTS: The results introduce three new and critical factors that need to be considered by university managers whenever they want to move their on-premises IT model to cloud IaaS: trust, security and attitude CONCLUSION: The research finds that IaaS offers advantages in scalability, flexibility, accessibility and on-demand deployment. These findings underscore the importance of addressing barriers to IaaS adoption within the specific context of South African universities CONTRIBUTION: The findings of this article add to the cloud computing literature, by presenting a new model that IT decision-makers can utilise when considering moving their on-premises IT infrastructure to IaaS in South African universities. The article recommends that future research could expand the number of universities from which data are collected

BACKGROUND: An effective data platform is essential for fostering data-driven organisations and enhancing decision-making. A review of the literature shows that cloud computing and modern data platforms, which include cloud-based data platforms are well investigated by researchers. However, based on the analysis of the literature, there is limited research focusing on the impact of cloud computing on data platforms with a focus on the perspective of developing countries such as South Africa. OBJECTIVES: This research sought to unravel the contextual nuances of hybrid cloud deployments and unearth the factors with a significant influence on organisations operating in the financial services sector (FSS) and adopting hybrid data platforms (HDPs) as a contemporary paradigm for information management. METHOD: This study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed method. This methodology employs two sequential phases of data collection and analysis where the results of one stage are used to achieve analysis of research results from two vantage points. RESULTS: The study found that security is a critical driver for the hybrid cloud. In addition, the study identified that the contextual nuances of hybrid cloud architecture significantly influence organisations in the FSS to implement HDPs. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the findings would make significant contributions by addressing challenges related to cloud computing and hybrid cloud in South Africa. CONTRIBUTION: The result of the study provided a foundation for further exploration of the design, deployment and implementation of the hybrid cloud and HDP solutions in the South African FSS and similar contexts in developing nations.

BACKGROUND: South African insurance companies are under pressure to adapt to the constantly changing environment and customer-changing requirements. Agile software development presents itself as a viable solution for swiftly meeting these demands. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the current utilisation of agile methodologies within the South African insurance sector; this article aims to bridge this gap. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this theme is to fully understand the extensive level of the experience for the participants and the nature of projects the participants have been involved in and lastly time frames of the projects and how long have insurance been using agile methodology. METHOD: For this study, purposive sampling that involves the selection of the units to be observed based on your own judgement about which ones were the most useful or representative will be applied. The criteria were based on the participants having played a role as stakeholder in a project that has used agile methodology within the selected organisation within the past 3 years to remain relevant to this study purpose. RESULTS: The identified pattens from the respondents showed that agile methodology is currently utilised for the following in the selected insurance company. • software upgrades • new product • new function CONCLUSION: In summary, the current state of agile methodology utilisation in a South African insurance company is associated with application transformation to cloud computing, work transformation, onboarding of new applicants, environment enhancements, schema amendment, introduction of new product such as sales force, automating insurance claims documents, scheme enhancement, fund anniversary and renewal of people's schemes. CONTRIBUTION: This comprehensive research significantly contributes to the body of knowledge, shaping the strategic direction of agile methodologies within software development project environments.

BACKGROUND: Public procurement plays a pivotal role in the South African economy and accounts for a significant portion of public expenditure. The effective management of procurement processes is crucial for ensuring that money is spent wisely and there is an efficient service delivery. However, the paper-based procurement systems have been plagued by inefficiencies. OBJECTIVES: To address the challenges of paper-based procurement systems, the study developed a digital procurement framework. The development of a digital procurement framework for the South African public sector represents a strategic response to these challenges and aims to leverage cutting-edge digital technologies to revolutionise the way that the government procures goods and services. METHOD: The study followed a qualitative research methodology in which content analysis was used to identify themes. Subsequently, a thematic analysis was conducted to formulate the components of the proposed framework. The study facilitated an understanding of the Internet of Things (IoT) and cloud computing. RESULTS: The literature revealed that Industry 4.0 technologies are crucial as they present opportunities which are consistent with legislation like scalability, cost efficiency, collaboration, transparency, accountability and process efficiency. CONCLUSION: Implementing procurement reforms effectively will result in a public sector procurement system that is responsible, offers value for money and ensures high-quality service delivery. CONTRIBUTION: The study contributed to the body of knowledge by providing a guide for a digital procurement of South Africa's public sector and impact of technology on public procurement.

BACKGROUND: Users with knowledge of an organisation can pose risks to Cloud Computing, including current and past employees and external stakeholders with access to the organisation's cloud. These insiders may engage in intentional or unintentional disruptive behaviors, causing significant harm to the organisation. A study focused on insider threats in South African higher education examined the tactics used by cybersecurity leaders to enforce cybersecurity policies OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop a comprehensive insider mitigation framework for cloud leakage in a South African University METHOD: The study employed qualitative methodologies and a case study approach. Open-ended interviews were conducted to collect data from the participants. The collected data was coded and analysed using ATLAS.ti 22 RESULTS: The study's findings revealed that some of the major sources of cloud leakage are a lack of effective training, ineffective information security (IS) policy regulation, and the implementation of information security awareness workshops that provided advice on how information security should be managed in the university CONCLUSION: Insider threats pose a serious risk to organisations. To mitigate this threat, it is crucial for organisations to establish strong security policies and closely monitor employee activities. By conducting a thorough assessment of insider threats, organisations can enhance their understanding of this dynamic threat and strengthen their defenses CONTRIBUTION: Although every employee is ultimately responsible for an organisation's security, the most effective IS programmes demonstrate strong top-level leadership by setting a 'tone at the top' and promoting the benefits of IS through careful policy and guidance

Cross-border transfers of personal information have become an important integrant of international trade, global economic activities enabler and a component of digital services driver, however, they are faced with the limitations of cross-border personal information transfers and data localisation laws. Various methodologies are used to process and transfer personal information across the borders such as cloud computing. Cloud computing has grown to include more users across different countries through its transnational characteristics on cross-border personal information transfers and triggers the Protection of Personal Information Act 4 of 2013 (POPIA) application. POPIA seeks to promote and protect personal information when processed by public or private bodies. Personal information also forms part of privacy which is a fundamental right enshrined under section 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996. Therefore, the processing of personal information unlawfully across South Africa is a violation of the fundamental right to privacy and the POPIA. A comparative analysis of the provisions of the European Union (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on cross-border data transfers will be used to illustrate the shortcomings of section 72 of the POPIA in the cloud computing context. The GDPR has set a benchmark for international data protection standards and POPIA must comply with those standards if South Africa wants to maintain its status as part of the international information technology market.

Technology is a dynamic field with constant changes, improvements, and new discoveries even before anyone is fully comfortable or used to the way it was. Cloud computing has gained momentum with the migration to the cloud growing at an incremental rate each year. However, some organisations migrate prematurely without fully understanding the impact on various factors. This research focuses on the influence of change management processes on cloud transitioning. The study included the feasibility of using COBIT to adequately manage organisational change when migrating to the cloud. The quantitative research methodology used a survey where the concept of cloud computing and applying COBIT in the context of organisational change were explored. A combination of these concepts was necessary as these had not been explored in other studies. A correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationship between COBIT's change management processes and the success rate of cloud computing. The results of this research suggest that there is a relationship between change management processes and the success rate of cloud computing. Future research could include the creation of a cloud-readiness assessment model to assist businesses to make an informed decisions when migrating to the cloud. Categories · Computer systems organisation ~ Architectures, Distributed architectures, Cloud computing