Abstract This work investigated the annual variations in dry snow (DSRZ) and wet snow radar zones (WSRZ) in the north of the Antarctic Peninsula between 2015-2023. A specific code for snow zone detection on Sentinel-1 images was created on Google Earth Engine by combining the CryoSat-2 digital elevation model and air temperature data from ERA5. Regions with backscatter coefficients (σ⁰) values exceeding -6.5 dB were considered the extent of surface melt occurrence, and the dry snow line was considered to coincide with the -11 °C isotherm of the average annual air temperature. The annual variation in WSRZ exhibited moderate correlations with annual average air temperature, total precipitation, and the sum of annual degree-days. However, statistical tests indicated low determination coefficients and no significant trend values in DSRZ behavior with atmospheric variables. The results of reducing DSRZ area for 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 compared to 2018/2018 indicated the upward in dry zone line in this AP region. The methodology demonstrated its efficacy for both quantitative and qualitative analyses of data obtained in digital processing environments, allowing for the large-scale spatial and temporal variations monitoring and for the understanding changes in glacier mass loss. (DSRZ (WSRZ 20152023. 20152023 2015 2023. 2023 2015-2023 Sentinel1 Sentinel 1 Sentinel- CryoSat2 CryoSat 2 CryoSat- ERA5 ERA σ⁰ σ (σ⁰ 6.5 65 6 5 -6. occurrence 11 -1 C precipitation degreedays. degreedays degree days. days degree-days However variables 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/202 20182018 2018 2018/201 region environments largescale large scale loss 2015202 201 202 2015-202 (σ 6. -6 - 2019202 2019/20 2020202 2020/20 2018201 2018/20 201520 20 2015-20 201920 2019/2 202020 2020/2 201820 2018/2 20152 2015-2 20192 2019/ 20202 2020/ 20182 2018/ 2015-

Abstract This paper examines the potential of cloud technologies in audiovisual translator education with a particular emphasis on cloud subtitling. The fast-growing global demand for multimedia content has recently led to the significant growth of audiovisual translation (AVT) as both a professional avenue and an academic discipline (Díaz-Cintas, 2019). Developments in cloud computing have profoundly altered work in the language and translation industries in general and media localisation workflows in particular (Díaz-Cintas & Massidda, 2019). The market’s leading stakeholders are currently exploiting cloud technologies in an attempt to maximise resources, extend freelance networks and enhance efficiency. Access to most of these technologies, however, remains restricted to the largest media-streaming and translation service providers, meaning that they cannot be utilised by the public, not least would-be translators and trainers. The umbilical connection between translator education and new technologies, such as cloud computing, calls for a more detailed examination of how cloud subtitling is being integrated into the AVT classroom. Indeed, to be fully employable in an ever-changing market, AVT trainees need to be fully conversant in the latest technologies (Cerezo-Merchán, 2018) and adapt to new ecosystems quickly. The ubiquitous cloud-based revoicing and subtitling editors used in the industry are becoming timidly, albeit steadily, more manifest in higher education. This paper thus examines the uses of cloud subtitling systems in audiovisual translator education following instances of action research (AR) experimentation. It presents the results from a pilot AR study conducted at a translator training institution and ultimately proposes ways to further explore cloud technologies in higher education while fostering academia-industry partnerships. fastgrowing fast growing (AVT DíazCintas, DíazCintas Díaz Cintas, Cintas 2019. 2019 . 2019) Massidda markets market s resources efficiency however mediastreaming streaming providers public wouldbe would trainers classroom Indeed everchanging ever changing CerezoMerchán, CerezoMerchán Cerezo Merchán, Merchán (Cerezo-Merchán 2018 quickly cloudbased based timidly steadily (AR experimentation academiaindustry academia partnerships 201 20 2

ABSTRACT Remote sensing data used in this study included MSI (Multispectral Instrument) Sentinel-2, SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Sentinel-1, GLCM (Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix) texture data derived from Sentinel-1, and geomorphometric data derived from SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission) images. The input data was divided into separate groups for machine learning algorithms, including Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Random Forest (RF), which were implemented on the Google Earth Engine platform. RF showed the highest overall accuracies (93 to 97%), regardless of the dataset used as input, with the Kappa index ranging from 0.89 (optical and SAR data) to 0.95 (optical, SAR, and geomorphometric data). CART showed identical overall accuracy values (92.5%) except for the dataset supplemented with SAR texture data, which showed slightly lower accuracy (91.7%), with the Kappa index ranging from 0.89 to 0.91. The worst performance was classifying optical data by SVM, resulting in 59% accuracy and a Kappa index of 0.37. However, the synergy of optical, SAR, and geomorphometric data classified by SVM achieved 75% accuracy. Multispectral Instrument Sentinel2, Sentinel2 Sentinel 2, 2 Sentinel-2 Synthetic Sentinel1, Sentinel1 1, 1 Sentinel-1 Grey CoOccurrence Co Occurrence Matrix Shuttle Mission images algorithms , (SVM) CART, (CART) RF, (RF) platform 93 (9 97%, 97 97% 97%) 089 0 89 0.8 095 95 0.9 data. . 92.5% 925 92 5 (92.5% 91.7%, 917 91.7% 91 7 (91.7%) 091 0.91 59 037 37 0.37 However 75 Sentinel- (SVM (CART (RF 9 ( 08 8 0. 09 92.5 (92.5 91.7 (91.7% 03 3 0.3 92. (92. 91. (91.7 (92 (91. (91

RESUMO Foram utilizados dados de sensoriamento remoto adquiridos pelos sensores MSI (Multispetral Instrument) do satélite Sentinel-2 e SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) Sentinel-1, dados de textura GLCM (Grey Level Co-Ocurrence Matrix) derivados das imagens Sentinel-1 e dados geomorfométricos derivados de imagens SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission). Os dados compuseram diferentes grupos de entrada para os classificadores de aprendizagem de máquina Support Vector Machine (SVM), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) e Random Forest (RF), implementados na plataforma Google Earth Engine. O RF apresentou as maiores exatidões globais (93 a 97%), independente do conjunto de dados utilizados como entrada, com o índice Kappa variando de 0,89 (dados ópticos e SAR) a 0,95 (dados ópticos, SAR e geomorfométricos). O CART apresentou valores idênticos de exatidão global (92,5%) exceto para o conjunto de dados acrescido dos dados de textura SAR, que apresentou exatidão ligeiramente mais baixa (91,7%), com índice Kappa variando de 0,89 a 0,91. O pior desempenho foi o da classificação de dados ópticos por SVM, resultando em 59% de exatidão e 0,37 de índice Kappa. Todavia, a sinergia de dados ópticos, SAR e geomorfométricos classificados por SVM atingiu 75% de exatidão. Multispetral Instrument Sentinel2 Sentinel 2 Sentinel- Synthetic Sentinel1, Sentinel1 1, 1 Grey CoOcurrence Co Ocurrence Matrix Shuttle Mission. Mission . Mission) , (SVM) (CART RF, (RF) Engine 93 (9 97%, 97 97% 97%) 089 0 89 0,8 095 95 0,9 geomorfométricos. geomorfométricos) 92,5% 925 92 5 (92,5% 91,7%, 917 91,7% 91 7 (91,7%) 091 0,91 59 037 37 0,3 Todavia 75 (SVM (RF 9 ( 08 8 0, 09 92,5 (92,5 91,7 (91,7% 03 3 92, (92, 91, (91,7 (92 (91, (91

BACKGROUND: An effective data platform is essential for fostering data-driven organisations and enhancing decision-making. A review of the literature shows that cloud computing and modern data platforms, which include cloud-based data platforms are well investigated by researchers. However, based on the analysis of the literature, there is limited research focusing on the impact of cloud computing on data platforms with a focus on the perspective of developing countries such as South Africa. OBJECTIVES: This research sought to unravel the contextual nuances of hybrid cloud deployments and unearth the factors with a significant influence on organisations operating in the financial services sector (FSS) and adopting hybrid data platforms (HDPs) as a contemporary paradigm for information management. METHOD: This study adopted an exploratory sequential mixed method. This methodology employs two sequential phases of data collection and analysis where the results of one stage are used to achieve analysis of research results from two vantage points. RESULTS: The study found that security is a critical driver for the hybrid cloud. In addition, the study identified that the contextual nuances of hybrid cloud architecture significantly influence organisations in the FSS to implement HDPs. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the findings would make significant contributions by addressing challenges related to cloud computing and hybrid cloud in South Africa. CONTRIBUTION: The result of the study provided a foundation for further exploration of the design, deployment and implementation of the hybrid cloud and HDP solutions in the South African FSS and similar contexts in developing nations.

BACKGROUND: South African insurance companies are under pressure to adapt to the constantly changing environment and customer-changing requirements. Agile software development presents itself as a viable solution for swiftly meeting these demands. However, there is a lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the current utilisation of agile methodologies within the South African insurance sector; this article aims to bridge this gap. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this theme is to fully understand the extensive level of the experience for the participants and the nature of projects the participants have been involved in and lastly time frames of the projects and how long have insurance been using agile methodology. METHOD: For this study, purposive sampling that involves the selection of the units to be observed based on your own judgement about which ones were the most useful or representative will be applied. The criteria were based on the participants having played a role as stakeholder in a project that has used agile methodology within the selected organisation within the past 3 years to remain relevant to this study purpose. RESULTS: The identified pattens from the respondents showed that agile methodology is currently utilised for the following in the selected insurance company. • software upgrades • new product • new function CONCLUSION: In summary, the current state of agile methodology utilisation in a South African insurance company is associated with application transformation to cloud computing, work transformation, onboarding of new applicants, environment enhancements, schema amendment, introduction of new product such as sales force, automating insurance claims documents, scheme enhancement, fund anniversary and renewal of people's schemes. CONTRIBUTION: This comprehensive research significantly contributes to the body of knowledge, shaping the strategic direction of agile methodologies within software development project environments.

BACKGROUND: Users with knowledge of an organisation can pose risks to Cloud Computing, including current and past employees and external stakeholders with access to the organisation's cloud. These insiders may engage in intentional or unintentional disruptive behaviors, causing significant harm to the organisation. A study focused on insider threats in South African higher education examined the tactics used by cybersecurity leaders to enforce cybersecurity policies OBJECTIVES: The goal of this study was to develop a comprehensive insider mitigation framework for cloud leakage in a South African University METHOD: The study employed qualitative methodologies and a case study approach. Open-ended interviews were conducted to collect data from the participants. The collected data was coded and analysed using ATLAS.ti 22 RESULTS: The study's findings revealed that some of the major sources of cloud leakage are a lack of effective training, ineffective information security (IS) policy regulation, and the implementation of information security awareness workshops that provided advice on how information security should be managed in the university CONCLUSION: Insider threats pose a serious risk to organisations. To mitigate this threat, it is crucial for organisations to establish strong security policies and closely monitor employee activities. By conducting a thorough assessment of insider threats, organisations can enhance their understanding of this dynamic threat and strengthen their defenses CONTRIBUTION: Although every employee is ultimately responsible for an organisation's security, the most effective IS programmes demonstrate strong top-level leadership by setting a 'tone at the top' and promoting the benefits of IS through careful policy and guidance

Metaverse brings about the reshaping of the playful human being (homo ludens) into the digitalised human being (homo digitalis). Transcendence (homo transcendentalis) has become digitalised by the power of technologised options (optimalisation of our being human) and fictive forms of sublimations (avatars). Due to, inter alia, Facebook and Instagram, a spirituality of diachronic networking and digital immediacy, set in: I start to exist through and via (Greek: dia) the digitalised other. Thus, the following research question: How could metaverse thinking contribute to a multidimensional reinterpretation of religious spirituality?

RESUMO Proposta O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a viabilidade técnica da adoção de tecnologias I4.0 em uma indústria moveleira de grande porte, localizada na região sul do Brasil. Design/metodologia/abordagem A estratégia de pesquisa foi um estudo de caso único, abordagem qualitativa, coletando dados empíricos por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, observação participante e levantamento documental submetido à análise de conteúdo. Resultados Os resultados evidenciaram que as tecnologias I4.0 foram consideradas tecnicamente viáveis para adoção na empresa, sendo que algumas dessas tecnologias já foram adotadas em algumas de suas operações, como IoT, big data, Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), Additive Manufacturing (AM)/impressão 3D, computação em nuvem e integração vertical. Por outro lado, RFID, robôs colaborativos, gêmeos digitais, realidade aumentada e IA apresentam viabilidade técnica, mas ainda não foram adotados. Limitações da pesquisa A limitação da pesquisa decorre da opção de estratégia pelo estudo de caso, que restringe a possibilidade de generalização dos resultados obtidos. Implicações práticas Os resultados do estudo facultam a revisão do processo operacional das indústrias de móveis, com o intuito de identificar as tecnologias da indústria 4.0 que podem ser adotadas, sob a perspectiva da relação custo x benefício. Originalidade/valor A crescente integração da Internet das Coisas (IoT) no segmento industrial possibilita uma nova era industrial. No entanto, a indústria moveleira, encontra-se em fase inicial de adoção dessas tecnologias. O estudo aborda um tema que representa ainda um tabu em meio corporativo do setor industrial em questão e, portanto, oferece elementos para o debate. I40 I I4 0 I4. porte Brasil Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia único qualitativa profundidade conteúdo empresa operações IoT data Cyberphysical Cyber physical CPS, CPS , (CPS) AM/impressão AMimpressão AM /impressão impressão 3D D vertical lado RFID colaborativos digitais adotados obtidos móveis 40 4 4. benefício Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor (IoT entanto encontrase encontra se portanto debate (CPS

ABSTRACT Purpose The objective of this study is to analyze the technical feasibility of adopting I4.0 technologies in a large furniture industry located in the southern region of Brazil. Design/methodology/approach Strategy research is a single case study, qualitative approach, collecting empirical data through in-depth interviews, participant observation, and a documental survey submitted to content analysis. Findings Results evidenced that technologies I4.0 were considered technically viable for adoption in the company, and some of these technologies have already been adopted in some of its operations, such as IoT, big data, Cyber-physical Systems (CPS), Additive Manufacturing (AM)/3D printing, cloud computing, and vertical integration. On the other hand, RFID, collaborative robots, digital twins, augmented reality, and AI present technical feasibility but have not yet been adopted. Research limitations/implication The limitation of the research stems from the strategy option for the case study, which restricts the possibility of generalizing the results obtained. Practical implications The results of the study provide a review of the operational processes of the furniture industry, with the aim of identifying industry 4.0 technologies that can be adopted from the perspective of cost-benefit ratio. Originality/value The increasing integration of the Internet of Things (IoT) in the industrial segment enables a new industrial era. However, furniture manufacturing is in the initial stages of adopting these technologies. The study addresses a topic that still represents a taboo in the corporate environment of the industrial sector in question and therefore offers elements for debate. I40 I I4 0 I4. Brazil Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach indepth depth interviews observation analysis company operations IoT Cyberphysical Cyber physical CPS, CPS , (CPS) AM/3D AM3D AMD AM /3D 3D D printing computing hand RFID robots twins reality limitationsimplication limitations implication obtained 40 4 4. costbenefit cost benefit ratio Originalityvalue Originality value (IoT era However debate (CPS

Technology is a dynamic field with constant changes, improvements, and new discoveries even before anyone is fully comfortable or used to the way it was. Cloud computing has gained momentum with the migration to the cloud growing at an incremental rate each year. However, some organisations migrate prematurely without fully understanding the impact on various factors. This research focuses on the influence of change management processes on cloud transitioning. The study included the feasibility of using COBIT to adequately manage organisational change when migrating to the cloud. The quantitative research methodology used a survey where the concept of cloud computing and applying COBIT in the context of organisational change were explored. A combination of these concepts was necessary as these had not been explored in other studies. A correlation coefficient analysis was performed to determine the relationship between COBIT's change management processes and the success rate of cloud computing. The results of this research suggest that there is a relationship between change management processes and the success rate of cloud computing. Future research could include the creation of a cloud-readiness assessment model to assist businesses to make an informed decisions when migrating to the cloud. Categories · Computer systems organisation ~ Architectures, Distributed architectures, Cloud computing

Abstract: Energy consumption in cloud datacenters is an alarming issue in recent times. Although handful of researches have been conducted in this domain during virtual machine placement in cloud milieu, efficient techniques are still scarce. Hence, we have worked on a novel approach to propose a hybrid metaheuristic technique combining the salp swarm optimization and emperor penguins colony algorithm, i.e. SSEPC to place the virtual machines in the most suitable datacenters as well as servers in a cloud environment, while optimizing the energy consumption. The method we propose has been compared with certain relevant hybrid algorithms in this direction like Sine Cosine Algorithm and Salp Swarm Algorithm (SCA-SSA), Genetic Algorithm and Tabu-search Algorithm (GATA), and Order Exchange & Migration algorithm and Ant Colony System algorithm (OEMACS) to test its efficacy. It is found that proposed SSEPC is consuming 4.4%, 8.2%, and 16.6% less energy as compared to its counterparts GATA, OEMACS, and SCA-SSA respectively.

Resumen: La computación en la nube ha evolucionado la forma en que los técnicos de TI administran los recursos de infraestructura para respaldar las aplicaciones de software. El alquiler de equipos y servicios de proveedores de infraestructura en la nube, como Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, etc., ha reemplazado la estrategia tradicional de instalar localmente equipos costosos. Hoy en día, los técnicos de TI modelan la infraestructura que necesitan escribiendo scripts y luego ejecutándolos en la plataforma del proveedor. Sin embargo, escribir scripts se convierte en una tarea compleja que implica interactuar con la Interfaz de Línea de Comandos y conocer los comandos que impone cada proveedor. En este contexto, la sustitución de la interacción textual por la visual se convierte en una necesidad. El objetivo de este trabajo es diseñar la interfaz de usuario (UI) de un editor web visual para modelar los recursos de la infraestructura de la nube. Para el diseño de la UI se aplicó la metodología de Diseño Centrado en el Usuario (UCD). Como parte de DCU, se llevó a cabo un estudio de las UI de herramientas en línea de diagramación para identificar patrones de diseño de UI; los que usan los diseñadores expertos al diseñar editores visuales. Los resultados demuestran que se definió un conjunto de 11 patrones de interfaz de usuario para diseñar interfaces de usuario de editores visuales. Además, se construyó un lenguaje de patrones considerando las relaciones entre patrones. Mediante el uso del lenguaje de patrones, se compuso el diseño de la interfaz de usuario del editor visual. A manera de conclusiones, el lenguaje de patrones proporcionó una forma lógica de componer la interfaz de usuario del editor visual. En este sentido, la IU propuesta junto con el lenguaje de patrones puede convertirse en un punto de referencia para el diseño de IU en este dominio. En trabajos futuros, la eficacia de la interfaz de usuario, para reducir la complejidad de definir la infraestructura en la nube, se evaluará con pruebas de usuario.

Abstract: Cloud computing has evolved the way IT technicians manage infrastructure resources to support software applications. Leasing equipment and services from cloud infrastructure providers, such as AmazonWeb Services, Microsoft Azure, etc., has replaced the traditional strategy of locally installing expensive equipment. Nowadays, IT technicians model the infrastructure they need by writing scripts, then running these scripts in the provider web platform. However, writing scripts becomes a complex task that involves interacting with the Command Line Interface and knowing the commands each provider imposes. In this context, replacing textual with visual interaction becomes a need. The purpose is to fesign the user interface (UI) of a visual web editor to model the cloud infrastructure resources. The User-Centered Design (UCD) methodology was applied to design the UI. As part of DCU, a study of the UIs of diagramming online tools was conducted to identify UI design patterns; those that expert designers use when designing visual editors.The results show that a set of 11 UI patterns for designing visual editor UIs was defined. In addition, a pattern language was built considering the relationships between patterns. By using the pattern language, the visual editor UI design was composed. As conclusions, the pattern language provided a logical way to compose the visual editor UI. In this sense, the proposed UI together with the pattern language can become a reference point for designing UIs in this domain. In future work, the effectiveness of the UI in reducing the complexity of defining the cloud infrastructure will be evaluated with user tests.

Abstract: This study explores the performance of the Weather Research and Forecasting System Model (WRF v.4.0) for a winter case under stable meteorological conditions in the Mexico Basin. To evaluate the sensitivity to spatial resolution and parametrization configurations, a suite of different numerical experiments is designed to test five Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) schemes coupled to a Surface Layer parametrization (SL) and a cloud microphysics (MP) parametrization to find an optimal configuration in terms of closeness to physical reality and computational efficiency. The WRF atmospheric dynamics core and its ancillary physics routines constitute a massively parallel FORTRAN code that runs on the Tlaloc cluster at the ICAyCC-UNAM with optimized MPICH software. Two model performance metrics are used: 1) Taylor statistics to measure the distance between simulations and observed meteorological fields (near-surface and upper-level temperature and winds), and 2) CPU execution time. Results show that the Mellor-Yamada-Janjic (M) scheme performs best near the surface at 2.0 km horizontal resolution. However, the Yonsei University (Y) PBL scheme outperforms the M scheme when looking at temperature vertical profiles at the exact horizontal resolution. Both PBL schemes show negligible CPU execution time differences.

Abstract: Mobile cloud computing is currently an encouraging field in the cyber-physical world. It is an amalgamation of mobile computing and cloud computing. Computational offloading is one feature in the mobile cloud application that offloads the task to the cloud server, processes it, and gets the results back on the mobile device. During offload, the job needs to be queued on the cloud servers and allocated to the virtual machines. Task scheduling is an important step where the mobile task is assigned to the servers and processed somehow. In the overall offloading process, energy conservation is a significant concern. The scheduling problem involves mapping the offloaded task to the cloud server while satisfying the energy and time constraints. This paper proposes a hybrid scheduling scheme based on Gaussian-based multi-objective particle swarm optimization(GMOPSO) and bacterial foraging optimization(BFO). This scheme performs better when compared to other variants of PSO in terms of makespan and energy efficiency.

ABSTRACT Climate variables data derived from satellite imagery or producís available in the cloud have wide coverage in space and time, good accuracy, and are generally freely accessible. However, obtaining and downloading climate variables at different spatial and temporal scales is limited by the lack of standardized computational procedures. The objective of this study was to develop a computational code to facilitate handling satellite images in order to derive climatic variables for a given spatiotemporal domain. The climate data was obtained from ERA5, a Copernicus Climate Change Service product. The protocol includes data download from the Google Earth Engine platform with a code developed in R language. The protocol developed includes statistical preprocessing of climatic data at fortnightly and/or monthly scale. By combining satellite-derived products with agronomic knowledge about a crop, climate data can be converted into biometeorological variables and used for spatiotemporal monitoring of crops. The process developed was validated by joint data from biometeorological variables at each site of an epidemiological study which has been monitoring two viruses for 15 years. The protocol may be applied to other satellite products using spatial data.

RESUMEN Los datos climáticos derivados de imágenes o productos satelitales disponibles en la nube tienen gran cobertura en espacio y tiempo, buena precisión y, en general, son de libre acceso. Sin embargo, la obtención y descarga de variables climáticas a diferentes escalas se encuentra limitada por la falta de procedimientos computacionales estandarizados. El objetivo de este estudio fue desarrollar un código computacional que facilite el manejo de imágenes satelitales para obtención de variables climáticas en un dominio espacio-temporal. El producto ERA5 del servicio de Cambio Climático Copernicus fue usado como fuente de datos climáticos. El protocolo incluye la descarga desde la plataforma Google Earth Engine, con un código desarrollado en lenguaje R. Adiciona el preprocesamiento estadístico de los datos climáticos a escala quincenal y/o mensual. Combinando productos derivados de satélites con conocimiento agronómico sobre un cultivo, los datos climáticos pueden convertirse en variables biometeorológicas y usarse para el monitoreo espacio-temporal de cultivos. El proceso generado se validó superponiendo datos de variables biometeorológicas, en cada sitio de un estudio epidemiológico, sobre dos virus monitoreados por 15 años. El procedimiento puede aplicarse a otros productos satelitales que generan datos espaciales.

RESUMEN La computación en nube es un servicio electrónico que se presta a través de transacciones legales realizadas por medios digitales modernos, lo que permite una transición rápida y sencilla de las fases previas a la contratación a las posteriores, aunque de hecho se trata de un contrato legal. Sin embargo, en los Emiratos Árabes Unidos, el legislador no ha abordado adecuadamente la regulación jurídica de la celebración de contratos en nube, lo que ha dado lugar a diversos problemas jurídicos que requieren soluciones específicas. El objetivo de este estudio es especificar el concepto y la naturaleza de la relación contractual entre las partes de los contratos en nube, identificar los problemas a los que se enfrenta el proceso de conclusión de los contratos en nube y sugerir las soluciones necesarias para crear una regulación legal para este tipo de contratos digitales. Como resultado, se recomienda regularizar los contratos en la nube como un nuevo tipo y una nueva forma contractual de contratos electrónicos y adaptarlos como acuerdos contractuales de tipo especial para proteger a los usuarios. Deben tomarse medidas para identificar y abordar los problemas actuales y crear un marco jurídico que especifique la naturaleza jurídica de los contratos en nube y sus efectos sobre los derechos y obligaciones de las partes implicadas.

ABSTRACT Cloud computing is an electronic service provided through legal transactions conducted by modern digital means, allowing for a quick and easy transition from pre-contracting to post-contracting stages, although it is in fact a legal contract. However, in the United Arab Emirates, the legislator has not adequately addressed the legal regulation for the conclusion of cloud contracts, leading to various legal problems that require specific solutions. The aim of this study is to specify the concept and nature of the contractual relationship between the parties of cloud contracts, identify the problems facing the conclusion process of cloud contracts, and suggest necessary solutions to create a legal regulation for this type of digital contracts. As a result, it is recommended to regularize cloud contracts as a new type and a new contract form of electronic contracts and to adapt them as special type contract agreements to protect users. Measures must be taken to identify and address current problems and create a legal framework that specifies the legal nature of cloud contracts and their effects on the rights and obligations of the involved parties.