ABSTRACT The search for new technologies capable of providing benefits to healthy eating is a global goal. The consumption of foods rich in carotenoids can prevent serious health problems. Thus, the availability of foods high in carotenoids that are accessible to the majority of the population is essential. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a suitable species for biofortification research based on genetic improvements. In this study, we aimed to select and obtain hybrid lettuce populations with high agronomic potential and biofortified carotenoid content. Ten lettuce lines registered in the “BG α Biofort” software were selected for hybridization. The crosses used to obtain the hybrids involved two strains rich in at least one of the pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), and 24 experimental hybrids were obtained. A total of 37 genotypes (strains, hybrids, and commercial cultivars) were evaluated using a randomized block design for agronomic variables and chlorophyll and carotenoid content. Hybrids 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) and 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) had the potential to produce dual-purpose populations (yield and carotenoid biofortification). Hybrid 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) exhibited the best pigment balance. Thus, F2 hybrids 12, 25, and 27 should be obtained to produce new cultivars of biofortified red and green lettuce for curly, american, mini, and romaine lettuce segments. goal problems Thus essential Lactuca L. L improvements study content BG Biofort hybridization carotenoids, , carotenoids) 2 3 strains, (strains 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 dualpurpose dual purpose yield biofortification. . biofortification) BIOFORT1 balance F curly american mini segments UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

RESUMO A busca por novas tecnologias capazes de proporcionar benefícios para uma alimentação saudável tem sido meta mundial. A presença de alimentos ricos em carotenoides pode ser fundamental para prevenir sérios problemas de saúde. Aliar alimentos com altos teores de carotenoides e acessíveis para a maior parte da população é fundamental. A alface (Lactuca sativa L.) se apresenta como uma espécie adequada para investir em pesquisas com biofortificação a partir de melhoramento genético. Assim, o objetivo com este estudo foi selecionar híbridos de alface visando à obtenção de populações com potencial agronômico e biofortificadas para carotenoides. Dez linhagens de alface cadastradas no Software “BG α Biofort” foram utilizadas nas hibridações. Os cruzamentos para obtenção dos híbridos foram planejados envolvendo duas linhagens ricas em pelo menos um dos pigmentos (clorofila e carotenoides) sendo obtidos 24 híbridos experimentais. Foram avaliados 37 genótipos (linhagens, híbridos e cultivares comercias) em delineamento em blocos casualizados quanto as variáveis agronômicas e teores de clorofila e carotenoides. Foi verificado que os híbridos 12 (UFU-189#3#4#1 × UFU MC BIOFORT 2) e 25 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU-189#3#4#1) possuem potencial para obtenção de populações de duplo propósito (produtividade e biofortificada para carotenoide). O híbrido 27 (UFU66#4#2 × UFU MC BIOFORT1) foi o que apresentou maior equilíbrio para pigmentos. Sugere-se a obtenção de populações F2 dos híbridos 12, 25 e 27 visando a obtenção de novas cultivares de alfaces biofortificadas vermelhas e verdes, para os segmentos de alface crespa, americana, mini e romana. mundial saúde Lactuca L. L genético Assim BG Biofort hibridações 2 experimentais 3 linhagens, (linhagens comercias 1 UFU189#3#4#1 UFU189341 189#3#4#1 189 4 (UFU-189#3#4# UFU66#4#2 UFU6642 UFU66 (UFU66#4# UFU-189#3#4#1 produtividade carotenoide. carotenoide . carotenoide) BIOFORT1 Sugerese Sugere F verdes crespa americana romana UFU189 UFU189#3#4# UFU18934 189341 189#3#4# 18 (UFU-189#3#4 UFU66#4# UFU664 UFU6 (UFU66#4 UFU-189#3#4# UFU18 UFU189#3#4 UFU1893 18934 189#3#4 (UFU-189#3# UFU66#4 (UFU66# UFU-189#3#4 UFU1 UFU189#3# 1893 189#3# (UFU-189#3 UFU66# (UFU66 UFU-189#3# UFU189#3 189#3 (UFU-189# (UFU6 UFU-189#3 UFU189# 189# (UFU-189 (UFU UFU-189# (UFU-18 UFU-189 (UFU-1 UFU-18 (UFU- UFU-1 UFU-

ABSTRACT Due to the important functions of calcium in plant physiology, supplementation of this nutrient may be a viable strategy to increase the tolerance of plants to salinity. Thus, the objective in this study was to evaluate the gas exchange and growth of broad-leaf arugula cultivars cultivated in coconut fiber subjected to salt stress. Four nutrient solutions [(S1 - standard nutrient solution (electrical conductivity of water - ECw of 0.5 dS m-1; S2 - nutrient solution using saline water with NaCl at 3.5 dS m-1; S3 - S2 enriched with Ca(NO3)2 at 50%; S4 - S2 enriched with Ca(NO3)2 at 100%, obtaining values of 2.3, 5.1, 5.5, and 5.9 dS m-1, for S1, S2, S3, and S4, respectively], and two cultivars of arugula (Donatella and Gigante Folha Larga), arranged in a 2 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates, were studied. Plants were harvested 40 days after sowing and evaluated for the following variables: plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, total fresh mass, total dry mass, specific leaf area, leaf succulence, relative chlorophyll index, stomatal conductance, CO2 assimilation rate, transpiration rate, internal CO2 concentration, instantaneous water use efficiency, and intrinsic carboxylation efficiency. The cultivar Gigante Folha Larga was more tolerant to salinity of nutrient solution. The use of salinized nutrient solution negatively affected arugula growth and physiology, but the extra addition of Ca(NO3)2 reduced the harmful effects of salinity. Extra addition of 50% of Ca(NO3)2 in the nutrient solution is recommended to reduce the effect of salt stress. physiology Thus broadleaf broad stress S1 S [(S electrical 05 0 5 0. m1 m 1 m-1 35 3 3. CaNO32 CaNO Ca NO3 NO Ca(NO3) 50 100 100% 23 2.3 51 5.1 55 5.5 59 9 5. m1, 1, respectively, respectively , respectively] Donatella Larga, Larga) scheme replicates studied variables height leaves area mass succulence index conductance CO rate concentration efficiency m- CaNO3 Ca(NO3 10 2. Ca(NO

RESUMO Devido às importantes funções do cálcio na fisiologia vegetal, a suplementação deste nutriente pode ser uma estratégia viável para aumentar a tolerância das plantas à salinidade. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as trocas gasosas e o crescimento de cultivares de rúcula de folhas largas cultivadas em fibra de coco submetidas ao estresse salino. Quatro soluções nutritivas [(S1-solução nutritiva padrão (condutividade elétrica da água - CEa de 0,5 dS m-1; S2- solução nutritiva utilizando água salina com NaCl a 3,5 dS m-1; S3-S2 enriquecida com Ca(NO3)2 a 50%; S4-S2 enriquecido com Ca(NO3)2 a 100%, obtendo valores de 2,3, 5,1, 5,5 e 5,9 dS m-1, para S1, S2, S3 e S4, respectivamente], e duas cultivares de rúcula. (Donatella e Gigante Folha Larga), dispostas em esquema fatorial 2 × 4, com três repetições, foram estudadas. As plantas foram colhidas 40 dias após a semeadura e avaliadas quanto às seguintes variáveis: altura de planta, número de folhas, área foliar, massa fresca total, massa seca total, área foliar específica, suculência foliar, índice relativo de clorofila, condutância estomática, taxa de assimilação de CO2, taxa de transpiração, concentração interna de CO2 e eficiência instantânea do uso da água e eficiência intrínseca de carboxilação. A cultivar Gigante Folha Larga foi mais tolerante à salinidade da solução nutritiva. O uso de solução nutritiva salinizada afetou negativamente o crescimento e a fisiologia da rúcula, mas a adição extra de Ca(NO3)2 reduziu os efeitos nocivos da salinidade. Recomenda-se adição extra de 50% de Ca(NO3)2 na solução nutritiva para reduzir o efeito do estresse salino. vegetal Assim salino S1solução Ssolução S1 S condutividade 05 0 5 0, m1 m 1 m-1 S2 35 3 3, S3S2 SS S3-S CaNO32 CaNO Ca NO3 NO Ca(NO3) 50 S4S2 S4 S4-S 100 100% 23 2,3 51 5,1 55 5, 59 9 m1, 1, respectivamente, respectivamente , respectivamente] Donatella Larga, Larga) 4 repetições estudadas variáveis planta total específica clorofila estomática CO transpiração carboxilação Recomendase Recomenda se m- S3S CaNO3 Ca(NO3 S4S 10 2, Ca(NO

ABSTRACT In the semi-arid climate, the growth of fruit seedlings is challenged by the water stress characteristic of the region, which can restrict their development and, consequently, affect production. In this context, the aim was to assess the effect of pyroligneous extract on gas exchange characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, growth, and biomass of pitanga under different intensities of water deficit. The experiment was conducted using a randomized block design in a 3 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates, corresponding to water deficit periods (7 and 14 days) and control (daily irrigation), in substrates with and without pyroligneous extract. The plants were evaluated for gas exchange characteristics, chlorophyll indices, growth, and dry biomass. Application of pyroligneous extract after 7 days of water deficit increased the photosynthetic rate, carboxylation efficiency and Dickson quality index of pitanga seedlings by 40.04, 42.85 and 41.51%, respectively, compared to 14 days of water deficit. Pyroligneous extract was effective as a water stress attenuator in pitanga seedlings, especially during the first seven days of exposure to stress. Therefore, its application is recommended as a preventive and short-term measure to mitigate such effects on pitanga seedlings. semiarid semi arid climate region consequently production context characteristics pigments scheme replicates ( 1 daily irrigation, irrigation , irrigation) indices rate 4004 40 04 40.04 4285 42 85 42.8 4151 41 51 41.51% respectively Therefore shortterm short term 400 4 0 40.0 428 8 42. 415 5 41.51 40. 41.5 41.

RESUMO No clima semiárido, o crescimento de mudas frutíferas é desafiado pelo estresse hídrico característico da região, o que pode restringir seu desenvolvimento e, consequentemente, afetar a produção. Nesse contexto, o objetivo foi avaliar o efeito do extrato pirolenhoso nas características de troca gasosa, pigmentos fotossintéticos, crescimento e biomassa de pitangueira sob diferentes intensidades de déficit hídrico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação utilizando um delineamento em blocos casualizados em um esquema fatorial 3 × 2, com quatro repetições, correspondendo a períodos de déficit hídrico foram de 7 e 14 dias, além do controle (irrigação diária), no substrato sem e com extrato pirolenhoso. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto às características de trocas gasosas foliares, índices de clorofila, crescimento e biomassa seca. A aplicação de extrato pirolenhoso aos 7 dias de déficit hídrico elevou a taxa fotossintética, a eficiência de carboxilação e o índice de qualidade de Dickson das mudas de pitanga em 40,04, 42,85 e 41,51%, respectivamente, em comparação aos 14 dias de déficit hídrico. O extrato pirolenhoso foi efetivo como um atenuante do estresse hídrico nas mudas de pitanga, especialmente durante os primeiros sete dias de exposição ao estresse. Assim, sua aplicação é recomendada como uma medida preventiva e de curto prazo para mitigar tais efeitos nas mudas de pitanga. semiárido região consequentemente produção contexto gasosa fotossintéticos 2 repetições 1 irrigação diária, diária , diária) foliares clorofila seca fotossintética 4004 40 04 40,04 4285 42 85 42,8 4151 41 51 41,51% respectivamente Assim 400 4 0 40,0 428 8 42, 415 5 41,51 40, 41,5 41,

ABSTRACT The sorghum crop is considered one of the most important worldwide due to its versatility. However, water stress can be considered a significant threat to its yield. The search for products that mitigate water stress is a crucial area of research in agriculture and water resources management. Thus, the objective in this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using salicylic acid as a water stress attenuator in sorghum. The experiment was conducted in a screened environment in a randomized block design with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme, with four replicates. Four levels of water (40, 60, 80, and 100% of evapotranspiration) and two concentrations of salicylic acid (0 and 2.76 g L-1) were evaluated. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, gas exchange, photosynthetic pigments, and chlorophyll a fluorescence were analyzed. Application of deficit irrigation depths reduced plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, and total chlorophyll in sorghum. However, when these depths were associated with salicylic acid, it was observed that the damage was attenuated, especially in chlorophyll a and b. Furthermore, salicylic acid reduced leaf temperature and increased water use efficiency when applied alone. Thus, salicylic acid can be used to mitigate the effects of salt stress on sorghum plants. versatility However yield management Thus scheme replicates 40, 40 (40 60 80 100 evapotranspiration 0 ( 276 76 2.7 L1 L 1 L-1 evaluated height diameter leaves exchange pigments analyzed attenuated b Furthermore alone plants (4 6 8 10 27 7 2. L-

RESUMO A cultura do sorgo é considerada uma das mais importantes do mundo devido a sua versatilidade de utilização. No entanto, o estresse hídrico pode ser considerado uma ameaça significativa para sua produtividade. A busca por produtos mitigadores do estresse hídrico é uma área de pesquisa crucial na agricultura e na gestão de recursos hídricos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade do uso do ácido salicílico como atenuante de estresse hídrico na cultura do sorgo. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente telado, em delineamento em blocos ao acaso com esquema fatorial 4 × 2, com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados quatro níveis hídricos (40, 60, 80 e 100% da evapotranspiração) e duas concentrações de ácido salicílico (0 e 2,76 g L-1). Foram analisados a altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, trocas gasosas, pigmentos fotossintéticos e fluorescência da clorofila a. A aplicação de lâminas de irrigação deficitárias reduziu a altura da planta, diâmetro do colmo, número de folhas e clorofila total no sorgo. No entanto, quando essas lâminas foram associadas ao ácido salicílico, foi observado que houve atenuação dos danos, especialmente em relação a clorofila a e b. Além disso, o ácido salicílico quando aplicado isoladamente, contribuiu para redução da temperatura da folha e aumento da eficiência de uso da água. Assim, o ácido salicílico pode ser usado para mitigar os efeitos do estresse salino em plantas de sorgo. utilização entanto produtividade Assim telado 2 repetições 40, 40 (40 60 8 100 evapotranspiração 0 ( 276 76 2,7 L1. L1 L 1 . L-1) caule gasosas planta colmo danos b disso isoladamente água (4 6 10 27 7 L-1 L-

Abstract Introduction. The parameters of physiological response to drought stress are the result of a combination of slow- or fast-acting attributes. Gas exchange variables are classified as fast-acting and their level of occurrence or impact depends on the interaction between factors such as genotype and the duration, intensity, and phenological stage of stress occurrence. Objective. To identify the levels of physiological response exhibited by Solanum phureja under progressive water deficit stress. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2020 under semi-controlled conditions at the Obonuco Research Center of the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Four potato cultivars were planted, with half of the trial was maintained at field capacity and the other half subjected to water deficit stress by withholding irrigation for 15 days, followed by rehydration. Gas exchange variables, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency were evaluated every three days. Results. Significant differences were observed, with maximum gas exchange values in control plants showing 16.67 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthesis rate (A); 0.34 mol m-2 s-1 stomatal conductance (gs); 5.5 mmol m-2 s-1 transpiration (E), and under stress, 1.17 µmol m-2 s-1 (A); 0.013 mol m-2 s-1 (gs); 0.29 mmol m-2 s-1 (E). Chlorophyll content values ranged between 451.7 and 474.69 mg m-2 with and without irrigation, respectively. Conclusions. Stomatic closure was the earliest response to water deficit, and potato plants showed recovery in gas exchange values after rehydration following stress. Finally, three levels of physiological response were identified: mild, moderate, and severe stress, depending on the intensity and duration of stress, which is useful for future studies and the development of irrigation schedules.

Resumen Introducción. Los parámetros de respuesta fisiológica al estrés por sequía son la conjugación de una serie de atributos de acción lenta o rápida. Las variables de intercambio gaseoso son catalogadas como de respuesta rápida, su nivel de aparición o afección dependen de la interacción entre factores como el genotipo y duración, intensidad y etapa fenológica de ocurrencia del estrés. Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de respuesta fisiológica que presenta Solanum phureja bajo el estrés progresivo por déficit hídrico. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó entre 2019 y 2020, bajo condiciones semi-controladas en el Centro de Investigación Obonuco de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Se sembraron cuatro cultivares de papa, la mitad del ensayo se mantuvo con riego a capacidad de campo y a la otra parte se le suspendió para inducir estrés por déficit hídrico durante 15 días, luego se rehidrataron; se evaluaron variables de intercambio gaseoso, clorofila y eficiencia fotosintética cada tres días. Resultados. Se presentaron diferencias significativas con los valores máximos de intercambio gaseoso en plantas del tratamiento control con 16,67 µmol m-2 s-1 tasa de fotosíntesis (A); 0,34 mol m-2 s-1 conductancia estomática (gs) 5,5 mmol m-2 s-1 transpiración (E) y en estrés 1,17 µmol m-2 s-1 (A); 0,013 mol m-2 s-1 (gs); 0,29 mmol m-2 s-1 (E). En cuanto al contenido de clorofila, se presentaron valores entre 451,7 y 474,69 mg m-2 con riego y sin riego, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El cierre estomático fue la respuesta más temprana al déficit hídrico, además, las plantas de papa presentaron recuperación de los valores de intercambio gaseoso después del suministro de riego posterior al estrés. Finalmente, se identificaron tres niveles de respuesta fisiológica, estrés leve, moderado y severo, según la intensidad y duración del estrés, lo cual es de utilidad para futuros estudios y planteamientos de calendarios de riego.

Abstract Introduction. Seedlings formation under controlled conditions is crucial for cultivating species like strawberry. With LED artificial lighting technology allowing greater control over light, variations in components such as wavelength and intensity can be manipulated to generate seedlings with different characteristics. However, there is a need to generate information for the development of precise and efficient light control practices. Objective. The evaluate strawberry seedling formation under different intensities of violet, blue, and red LED light. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2020 at the Plant Genetics Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy at the Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. Seeds from San Andreas variety fruits were collected, and seedlings were grown under violet, blue, and red LED light at high, medium, and low intensities. Color determinations of cotyledon area, Chroma saturation index, and Hue angle were performed. Additionally, physio-technical, chemical, and antioxidant activity variables were measured. Results. The most suitable treatments were high and medium intensity violet light, as well as high intensity blue light, with germination range exceeding 60 %. Seedlings did not elongate or thin out and exhibited the largest cotyledons areas and chlorophyll concentrations. Furthermore, these light treatments consumed, on average, 31.2 % less electrical energy. Conclusions. In addition to white light, the most suitable treatments for strawberry seedlings formation were high and medium intensity violet light, as well as high intensity blue light. It is suggested to evaluate violet and blue light treatments in other cultivars to confirm their positive effect on strawberry seedlings. Red light limited germination and showing higher antioxidant activity.

Resumen Introducción. La formación de plántulas en condiciones controladas es fundamental para cultivar especies como la fresa. Dado que la tecnología de iluminación artificial LED ha permitido un mayor control de la luz, la variación de componentes como la longitud de onda y la intensidad pueden ser manipulados para generar plántulas con diferentes características. Sin embargo, es necesario generar información para el desarrollo de prácticas precisas y eficientes en el control de la luz. Objetivo. Evaluar la formación de plántulas de fresa en diferentes intensidades de luz LED violeta, azul y roja. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó durante 2020 en el Laboratorio de Genética Vegetal del Departamento de Agronomía de la Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, México. Se recuperaron semillas de frutos de la variedad San Andreas y se sembraron plántulas en luz LED violeta, azul y roja a intensidades alta, media y baja. Se realizaron determinaciones de color del área del cotiledón, índice de saturación de color y ángulo Hue. Además, se midieron variables fisiotécnicas, químicas y actividad antioxidante. Resultados. Los tratamientos más adecuados fueron luz violeta de intensidades altas y medias; así como luz azul de alta intensidad, debido a que el porcentaje de germinación superó el 60 %. Las plántulas no se alargaron ni adelgazaron, presentaron las mayores áreas de cotiledones y concentraciones de clorofila. Además, estos tratamientos de luz consumieron en promedio 31,2 % menos energía eléctrica. Conclusiones. Además de la luz blanca, los tratamientos más adecuados para la formación de plántulas de fresa fueron la luz violeta a alta y media intensidad, así como la luz azul a alta intensidad. Se sugiere evaluar los tratamientos de luz violeta y azul en otros cultivares para confirmar el efecto positivo en las plántulas de fresa. La luz roja limitó la germinación y mostró mayor actividad antioxidante.

Summary: Plant growth, higher yield and fruit quality are positive ef fects due to the absorption of silicon (Si) and chlorine (Cl), which contributes to mitigating stress due to biotic or abiotic factors and recovering plant growth. The objective of this research was to know what the ef fect of Si or Cl does on morphometric variables, production quality and yield of the cucumber crop. A complete randomized block design was applied, four repetitions and ten treatments in seedlings: six doses of 20, 30 and 50 mg L-1 of Si or Cl, three doses with the volume:volume (v:v) ratio of 20 :20, 30:30 and 50:50 mg L-1 Si:Cl, plus the control. In plants transplanted in soil, already with five true leaves, there were nine treatments: six doses of 20, 30 and 50 mg L-1 of Si or Cl, two with the v:v ratio of 20:20 and 30:30 mg L-1 Si:Cl, and the witness. In pickle cucumber seedlings, the high dose of Cl was more ef fective in increasing leaf greenness and stem length; leaf size was greater in seedlings with the high dose of Si; while low doses of Cl or Si caused greater dry weight of roots. In the ˈModanˈ cultivar, the greenness did not change, the stem length was greater with the intermediate dose of Si, while the size of leaves was better expressed in plants with the lowest dose of Si. So perhaps the greater number of roots, the chlorophyll content and the leaf area influenced the higher yield to be expressed where Si or Cl was fertilized, as well as the firmness, TSS and °Brix of the fruits to improve.

Resumen: El crecimiento de plantas, mayor rendimiento y calidad de frutos, son efectos positivos debido a la absorción de silicio (Si) y cloro (Cl), que contribuye a mitigar el estrés por factores bióticos o abióticos y recuperar el crecimiento de las plantas. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue conocer el efecto que producen las dosis de Si o Cl en variables morfométricas, calidad de producción y rendimiento del cultivo de pepino. Se aplicó un diseño de bloques completos al azar, cuatro repeticiones y diez tratamientos en plántulas: seis dosis de 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Si o Cl, tres dosis con la relación volumen:volumen (v:v) de 20:20, 30:30 y 50:50 mg L-1 Si:Cl, más el testigo. En plantas trasplantadas en suelo, ya con cinco hojas verdaderas, los tratamientos fueron nueve: seis dosis de 20, 30 y 50 mg L-1 de Si o Cl, dos con la relación v:v de 20:20 y 30:30 mg L-1 Si:Cl, y el testigo. En plántulas de pepino ˈpickleˈ, la dosis alta de Cl fue más eficaz para incrementar el verdor de hojas y longitud del tallo; el tamaño de hojas fue superior en plántulas con la dosis alta de Si; mientras que las bajas dosis de Cl o Si ocasionaron mayor peso seco de raíces. En el cultivar ˈModanˈ el verdor no varió, la longitud del tallo fue superior con la dosis intermedia de Si, mientras que el tamaño de hojas se expresó mejor en plantas con la menor dosis de Si. Así que quizás la mayor cantidad de raíces, el contenido de clorofila y el área foliar influyeron para que el rendimiento más alto se expresara donde se fertilizó con Si o Cl, así como para que mejoraran la firmeza, SST y °Brix de los frutos.

Abstract Introduction: Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are bioessential micronutrients for plants but can impair the energetic metabolism when present at high levels. Objective: To assess the photosynthetic performance and oxidative damages in Rhizophora mangle L. leaf tissues at low and high concentrations of Fe (74 and 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) and Mn (65 and 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Methods: Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll a fluorescence, leaf CO2 assimilation and gas exchange and DPPH• radical scavenging capacity were sampled in R. mangle growing in estuarine forests in the North region of Espírito Santo State and the extreme South of Bahia State (Brazil) showing low and high Feleaf and Mnleaf. Results: Effects of high Fe and Mn were not identified on pigment levels. The increase in Feleaf and Mnleaf at the levels observed in this assessment had a positive effect on the number of reaction centers and on the efficiency of the oxygen-evolving complex, evaluated as K-band, while no changes were found in the parameters related to the excitation trapping efficiency at the active center of photosystem II. Distinct interference patterns of Fe and Mn on the functional processes of photosynthesis were identified, especially on CO2 assimilation and reactive oxygen species metabolism, with major effects on CO2 assimilation and carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco at high Mnleaf. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate the efficiency of R. mangle in positively regulating the electron transport chain in response to high Fe and Mn, at least in terms of the preservation of structure and functionality of the plant photosynthetic apparatus. Moreover, interference of high Mnleaf in R. mangle occurs at non-stomatal and biochemical levels. There is an antagonistic interference of these trace elements with the physiology of R. mangle, which is a dominant species in Brazilian mangroves.

Resumen Introducción: El hierro (Fe) y el manganeso (Mn) son micronutrientes bioesenciales para las plantas, pero pueden afectar el metabolismo energético cuando están presentes en niveles altos. Objetivo: Evaluar el desempeño fotosintético y los daños oxidativos en tejidos foliares de Rhizophora mangle L. a bajas y altas concentraciones de Fe (74 y 195 mg kg-1; Feleaf) y Mn (65 y 414 mg kg-1; Mnleaf). Métodos: Se muestrearon pigmentos fotosintéticos, fluorescencia de clorofila a, asimilación e intercambio de gases de CO2 foliar y capacidad de eliminación de radicales DPPH• en R. mangle que crece en bosques de estuarios en la región Norte del estado de Espírito Santo y el extremo Sur del Estado de Bahía (Brasil) mostrando Feleaf y Mnleaf bajos y altos. Resultados: No se identificaron efectos de niveles elevados de Fe y Mn en los niveles de pigmento. El aumento de Feleaf y Mnleaf en los niveles observados en esta evaluación tuvo un efecto positivo en el número de centros de reacción y en la eficiencia del complejo generador de oxígeno, evaluado como banda K, mientras que no se encontraron cambios en los parámetros relacionados con la eficiencia de atrapamiento de excitación en el centro activo del fotosistema II. Se identificaron distintos patrones de interferencia de Fe y Mn en los procesos funcionales de la fotosíntesis, especialmente en la asimilación de CO2 y el metabolismo de las especies reactivas de oxígeno, con efectos importantes en la asimilación de CO2 y la eficiencia de carboxilación de Rubisco a niveles altos de Mnleaf. Conclusión: Los hallazgos demuestran la eficiencia de R. mangle en la regulación positiva de la cadena de transporte de electrones en respuesta a los altos niveles de Fe y Mn, al menos en términos de preservación de la estructura y funcionalidad del aparato fotosintético de la planta. Además, la interferencia de Mnleaf alto en R. mangle se presenta a niveles no estomáticos y bioquímicos. Hay interferencia antagónica de estos oligoelementos con la fisiología de R. mangle, que es una especie dominante en los manglares brasileños.

Abstract Background: Invasive parasitic species have barely been studied despite their impact on the communities they invade. Questions: What is the host range used by the invasive parasite Cassytha filiformis in the coastal scrubland of northern Yucatan? Does C. filiformis show host preference? Does the physiological performance of C. fliformis (water deficit and chlorophyll content) vary among hosts on which it establishes and reproduces? Study species: Cassytha filiformis, an invasive hemiparasitic vine of coastal communities. Study sites and dates: Telchac, Yucatán, México. The study lasted from October 2022 to June 2023. Methods: The incidence of C. filiformis parasitism was recorded. Histological analysis confirmed parasitism, and the water potential and chlorophyll concentration of C. filiformis in its main hosts were determined. Results: C. filiformis parasitized 10 species, showing a preference for shrubs. Its main hosts were Scaevola plumieri, Phitecellobium keyense and Croton punctatus. Differences between hosts were observed in water potential variation and total chlorophyll concentration. Differences between stem types (young and mature) in chlorophyll concentration were also observed. Conclusions: C. filiformis prefers shrub species to establish. The physiological performance of C. filiformis varied depending on host identity. Differences in chlorophyll concentration between stem types of C. filiformis suggest functional physiological differences between them.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las especies parásitas invasoras han sido pobremente estudiadas a pesar del impacto que pueden tener en las comunidades que invaden. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es el rango de hospederos que utiliza la parásita invasora Cassytha filiformis? ¿C. filiformis presenta preferencia por hospederos? ¿el desempeño fisiológico (déficit hídrico y contenido de clorofilas) de C. filiformis varía entre los hospederos donde se establece y reproduce? Especie de estudio: Cassytha filiformis, liana hemiparásita invasora de comunidades costeras. Sitio y años de estudio: Telchac, Yucatán México. El estudio abarcó de octubre del 2022 a junio 2023. Métodos: Se registró la incidencia de parasitismo de C. filiformis. Se confirmó el parasitismo mediante análisis histológico y se determinó el potencial hídrico y la concentración de clorofila de C. filiformis en sus principales hospederos. Resultados: C. filiformis parasitó 10 especies mostrando preferencia por especies arbustivas. Sus principales hospederos fueron Scaevola plumieri, Phitecellobium keyense y Croton punctatus. Se observaron diferencias entre hospederos en el cambio del potencial hídrico y la concentración total de clorofila. Adicionalmente, se observaron diferencias entre tipos de tallos (jóvenes y maduros) en la concentración de clorofila. Conclusiones: C. filiformis se establece en especies arbustivas. Su desempeño fisiológico varía dependiendo de la identidad del hospedero. Se observaron diferencias en la concentración de clorofila entre tipos de tallo de C. filiformis sugiriendo diferencias fisiológicas funcionales entre ellos.

Abstract Background: Maize landraces show remarkable diversity and environmental adaptability in Mexico. Nevertheless, few studies have explored physiological mechanisms used by different maize landraces to grow and yield in a particular agroecological region. Question: How do three landrace maize populations from contrasting maize races in southeastern Mexico, differ in their responses in terms of growth, chlorophyll fluorescence, and gas exchange? Studied species: Zea mays L. Study site and date: Yucatan, Mexico; 2017. Methods: The field experiment followed a complete randomized block design, with six replicates. Three contrasting maize landraces were evaluated as treatments. Response variables were vegetative traits, dry matter allocation, yield components, and maize physiological responses. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey multiple comparison test (P ≤ 0.05). Results: Maize landraces showed differences in cycle length, plant morphology, and yield performance. The long cycle maize landrace Xnuc-naal, had tall plants that accumulated 17 and 21 % more dry matter than Xmejen-naal and Elotillo, respectively. The short-cycle maize landraces Elotillo and Xmejen-naal exhibit superior physiological responses leading to higher grain yields compared to the Xnuc-naal. Conclusions: The landrace Xnuc-naal stood out for its ability in forage production, whereas Elotillo and Xmejen-naal exhibited notable physiological efficiency in grain production in southeastern Mexico.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las razas nativas de maíz muestran una notable diversidad y adaptabilidad en México. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han explorado los mecanismos fisiológicos utilizados por las diferentes razas de maíz para crecer y producir en una región agroecológica en particular. Pregunta: ¿Cómo difieren en sus respuestas en cuanto a crecimiento, fluorescencia de la clorofila e intercambio de gases tres variedades de maíz que provienen de razas contrastantes del sureste de México? Especie estudiada: Zea mays L. Sitio y fecha del estudio: Yucatán, México; 2017. Métodos: El experimento de campo siguió un diseño de bloques completamente aleatorios, con seis repeticiones. Se evaluaron tres variedades nativas de maíz contrastantes como tratamientos. Las variables de respuesta fueron rasgos vegetativos, distribución de materia seca, componentes del rendimiento y respuestas fisiológicas de las variedades de maíz. Los datos fueron analizados mediante ANOVA de una vía y la prueba de comparación múltiple de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05). Resultados: Las variedades locales de maíz mostraron diferencias en la duración del ciclo, morfología de la planta y rendimiento. La variedad tardía Xnuc-naal, tuvo plantas altas que acumularon un 17 y 21 % más materia seca que Xmejen-naal y Elotillo, respectivamente. Las variedades precoces Elotillo y Xmejen-naal exhibieron una respuesta fisiológica superior que llevó a un rendimiento de grano superior al de Xnuc-naal. Conclusiones: La variedad de maíz Xnuc-naal destacó por su capacidad para la producción de forraje, mientras que Elotillo y Xmejen-naal demostraron una eficiencia fisiológica notable en la producción de grano en el sureste de México.

ABSTRACT Quinoa is an Andean grain recognized for its high nutritional value and its ability to tolerate extreme environmental conditions. Most publications on this species have focused on agronomic or agroindustrial aspects, leaving uncertainties about the relationship between biological yield and compositional characteristics of the grain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the biological performance and agroindustrial properties of the seeds of three quinoa cultivars widely used in Colombia. A completely randomized design was used with the Pasankalla, Soraca and Titicaca cultivars. In the first phase, the physiological behavior of the plants under controlled conditions was evaluated. In the second phase, seed production and some compositional characteristics were determined in the laboratory. In general, the three cultivars showed significant diversity and differences in morphological, physiological and biochemical traits. The Titicaca cultivar presented the earliest maturity, taking 115.6 days to reach harvest, while Soraca was the cultivar with the highest production, achieving 321 g of seeds per plant. Regarding the characteristics of the grain, the Soraca and Pasankalla cultivars had the highest protein content, with values of 14.33 and 13.76%, respectively.

RESUMEN La quinua es un grano andino reconocido por su alto valor nutricional y su capacidad para tolerar condiciones ambientales extremas. La mayoría de las publicaciones sobre esta especie se han centrado en aspectos agronómicos o agroindustriales, dejando incertidumbres sobre la relación entre el rendimiento biológico y las características composicionales del grano. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el desempeño biológico y las propiedades agroindustriales de las semillas de tres cultivares de quinua ampliamente utilizados en Colombia. Se utilizó un diseño completamente al azar con los cultivares Pasankalla, Soracá y Titicaca. En la primera fase se evaluó el comportamiento fisiológico de las plantas en condiciones controladas. En la segunda fase se determinó en laboratorio la producción de semillas y algunas características composicionales. En general, los tres cultivares mostraron diversidad y diferencias significativas en rasgos morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos. El cultivar Titicaca presentó la madurez más temprana, tardando 115,6 días en alcanzar a cosecha, mientras que Soracá fue el cultivar con mayor producción, logrando 321 g de semillas por planta. En cuanto a las características del grano, los cultivares Soracá y Pasankalla presentaron el mayor contenido de proteína, con valores de 14,33 y 13,76%, respectivamente.

RESUMO: A qualidade e a produtividade de um vinhedo estão relacionadas com a biomassa do dossel e o vigor foliar, e técnicas de sensoriamento próximo têm sido utilizadas como alternativas aos métodos convencionais para estimar esses parâmetros. O conhecimento do teor de clorofila é fundamental para as avaliações fitossanitárias. No entanto, índices de clorofila também podem ser extraídos de espectros de refletância obtidos para uma ampla gama de aplicações. Nesta perspectiva, foram investigadas as relações entre os índices de clorofila obtidos por medidas diretas e derivados de radiometria de campo, com o objetivo de avaliar a acurácia do teor de clorofila previsto. A investigação foi realizada em plantas da variedade Cabernet Sauvignon, baseando-se em levantamentos diretos de clorofila, espectrorradiometria foliar e na derivação de Índices de Vegetação Hiperespectrais (HVIs), sendo a aquisição de dados realizada em duas fases do ciclo vegetativo. Os resultados das estimativas mostraram que os maiores coeficientes de determinação expressando a correlação entre medições e predições foram obtidas para Chl a e Chl a/Chl b modeladas pelo algoritmo RFR, com valores de R ² tão altos quanto 0,8 e erros quadráticos médios tão baixos quanto 0,093. Com relação aos HVIs, o Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) calculado para a segunda data de aquisição, correspondente às folhas que atingiram a senescência, foi o que produziu o maior percentual de explicações de predição. Em conclusão, sugere-se que este estudo pode trazer uma contribuição significativa para o desenvolvimento de técnicas não invasivas de monitoramento de vinhedos. RESUMO parâmetros fitossanitárias entanto aplicações perspectiva campo previsto Sauvignon baseandose baseando se HVIs , (HVIs) vegetativo aChl RFR 08 0 8 0, 0093 093 0,093 PRI (PRI senescência predição conclusão sugerese sugere vinhedos (HVIs 009 09 0,09 00 0,0

ABSTRACT: Quality and yield of a vineyard are related to canopy biomass and leaf vigor, and proximal techniques have been used as alternatives to conventional methods to estimate these parameters. Knowledge on chlorophyll content is crucial to plant health assessments. However, chlorophyll indices can also be extracted from reflectance spectra obtained for an ample range of applications. In this perspective, relations between chlorophyll indices obtained by direct measurements and derived from field radiometry were investigated, with the aim to assess the accuracy of predicted chlorophyll content. The investigation was performed on Cabernet Sauvignon vines, being based on direct chlorophyll surveys, vine leaf spectroradiometry and the derivation of Hyperspectral Vegetation Indices (HVIs), with data acquisition being performed on two stages of the vegetative cycle. Direct chlorophyll data was compared with predicted indices using two machine learning algorithms: Partial Least-Squares Regression (PLSR) and Random Forest Regressor (RFR), using data from reflectance spectra and derived HVIs. The higher correlations between measurements and predictions were obtained for ChlaandChl a/Chl b modeled by the RFR algorithm, with R 2 values as high as 0.8 and Root Mean Squared Errors as low as 0.093. With respect to HVIs, the Photochemical Reflectance Index (PRI) calculated for the second acquisition date, corresponding to leaves reaching senescence was the one which produced the highest percentage of prediction explanations. This study can bring a significant contribution to the development of non-invasive techniques to vine monitoring. ABSTRACT vigor parameters assessments However applications perspective investigated vines surveys HVIs , (HVIs) cycle algorithms LeastSquares Least Squares PLSR (PLSR RFR, (RFR) aChl Chl algorithm 08 0 8 0. 0093 093 0.093 PRI (PRI date explanations noninvasive non invasive monitoring (HVIs (RFR 009 09 0.09 00 0.0

Abstract Nanofertilizers represent an efficient method for fertilizing crops, with a positive impact on plant development. This work aimed to determine the impact of Nubiotek Ultra Ca and Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg nanofertilizers on the yield and quality of cucumber fruits in 2020. Two doses of Nubiotek Ultra Ca (0 and 20 L ha-1) and four doses of Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg (0, 2, 4, and 8 ml L-1) were evaluated. An experimental design of randomized complete blocks was used with a factorial arrangement (2x4), with four repetitions. The results showed that the nanofertilizers evaluated did not improve internode distance, dry weight of each organ, root length, total soluble solids, vitamin C, titratable acidity, and fruit color parameters compared to the values obtained with the control. On the other hand, with the treatments of 0 L ha-1 Nubiotek Ultra Ca + 8 ml L-1 Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg and 20 L ha-1 Nubiotek Ultra Ca + 2 ml L-1 Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg, the fruit yield increased by 111 and 123%, respectively, compared to the control. Likewise, a greater firmness of fruits was observed when applying Nubiotek Ultra Ca and Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg in doses of 20 L ha-1 + 8 ml L-1 ; on the other hand, the highest content of chlorophyll a, b and total was achieved with doses of 20 L ha-1 + 4 ml L-1 and 20 L ha-1 + 8 ml L-1.

Resumen Los nanofertilizantes representan un método eficiente para fertilizar los cultivos con un impacto positivo en el desarrollo de las plantas. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el impacto de los nanofertilizantes Nubiotek Ultra Ca y Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg sobre el rendimiento y calidad de frutos de pepino, en el año 2020. Se evaluaron dos dosis de Nubiotek Ultra Ca (0 y 20 L ha-1) y cuatro dosis de Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg (0, 2, 4 y 8 ml L-1). Se utilizó un diseño experimental de bloques completos al azar con un arreglo factorial (2x4), con cuatro repeticiones. Los resultados mostraron que los nanofertilizantes evaluados no mejoraron la distancia de entrenudo, peso seco de cada órgano, longitud de raíz, sólidos solubles totales, vitamina C, acidez titulable y los parámetros de color de fruto respecto a los valores obtenidos con el testigo. En cambio, con los tratamientos 0 L ha-1 de Nubiotek Ultra Ca + 8 ml L-1 de Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg y 20 L ha-1 de Nubiotek Ultra Ca + 2 ml L-1 de Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg se incrementó el rendimiento de fruto en 111 y 123%, respectivamente, con relación al testigo. Asimismo, se observó una mayor firmeza de frutos al aplicar Nubiotek Ultra Ca y Nubiotek Hyper Fe+Mg en dosis de 20 L ha-1 + 8 ml L-1; en tanto que, el mayor contenido de clorofila a, b y total se logró con las dosis de 20 L ha-1 + 4 ml L-1 y 20 L ha-1 + 8 ml L-1.

Abstract Introduction. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for the photosynthesis process, and therefore, a determining factor in yield. The use of optical sensors to determine transmittance indices (SPAD, CCI), reflectance (NDVI) and fluorescence (Fv.Fm -1) related to the state of foliar N, allows adequate management based on non-destructive "in situ" monitoring. Objective. To evaluate the effect of different fertigation management strategies on nitrogen and chlorophyll concentration in the leaf; and the relationship between i- N and Cl concentration in leaf, ii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with yield and iii- N and Cl concentration in leaf with SPAD, CCI, NDVI and Fv.Fm -1 indices. Materials and methods. Six treatments were evaluated in an unrestricted randomized design with a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, which combined 2 irrigation strategies (E1: low volume and more frequent and E2: high volume and less frequent) and 3 levels of nutrition: low (NB), medium (NM) and high (NA). The direct measurements of N and Cl in the leaf were determined with the Kjeldahl method and by ethanol extraction, respectively. Results. Nutrition level affected N content, where the NM and NA treatments were similar, although higher than NB. The regression model showed little ability to estimate N and yield from the Cl content in the leaf. Estimation of Cl in the leaf from the CCI (R2: 0.71) and SPAD (R2: 0.75) indices were only promising in NB. To estimate foliar N, the regression with Fv.Fm -1 showed R2 values of 0.89 in NB and 0.69 in NM; while for NDVI the R2 values were 0.61 in NB and 0.47 in NM. Conclusion. SPAD, CCI, NDVI and Fv.Fm -1 indices showed potential to estimate chlorophyll and N concentration in the leaf with low and medium nutrient inputs, and with limitations in treatments with high nutrient inputs.

Resumen Introducción. El nitrógeno (N) es un elemento esencial para el proceso de fotosíntesis, y por tanto, determinante en el rendimiento. El uso de sensores ópticos para determinar índices de transmitancia (SPAD, CCI), reflectancia (NDVI) y fluorescencia (Fv.Fm -1) relacionados con el estado del N foliar, permite un adecuado manejo a partir del monitoreo “in situ” no destructivo. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de diferentes estrategias de manejo del fertiriego sobre las concentraciones de nitrógeno y clorofila en hoja; y la relación entre i- concentración de N y de clorofila (Cl) en hoja, ii- concentración de N y de Cl en hoja con el rendimiento y iii- concentración de N y de Cl en hoja con índices SPAD, CCI, NDVI y Fv.Fm -1. Materiales y métodos. Se evaluaron 6 tratamientos en un diseño irrestricto al azar con arreglo factorial 2 x 3, que combinaron 2 estrategias de riego (E1: bajo volumen y de mayor frecuencia y E2: alto volumen y menor frecuencia) y 3 niveles de nutrición: bajo (NB), medio (NM) y alto (NA). Las medidas directas de N y Cl en hoja se determinaron con el método Kjeldahl y por extracción con etanol, respectivamente. Resultados. El nivel de nutrición afectó el contenido de N, donde los tratamientos NM y NA fueron similares, aunque superiores a NB. El modelo de regresión mostró poca capacidad para estimar N y rendimiento a partir del contenido de Cl en hoja. La estimación de Cl en hoja a partir de los índices CCI (R2: 0,71) y SPAD (R2: 0,75) resultaron prometedores solamente en NB. Para estimar N foliar, la regresión con Fv.Fm -1 mostró valores de R2 de 0,89 en NB y 0,69 en NM; mientras que para NDVI los valores R2 fueron 0,61 en NB y 0,47 en NM. Conclusión. Los índices SPAD, CCI, NDVI y Fv.Fm -1 presentaron potencial para estimar la concentración de clorofila y de N en hoja con aportes bajo y medio de nutrientes, y con limitaciones en los tratamientos con altos aportes de nutrición.

ABSTRACT Semi-hydroponic systems are an alternative for vegetable production, combining inert substrates and nutrient solutions and requiring less water. Bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a vegetable species of the Solanaceae family that is mainly grown in protected environments, which provide several financial and agronomic advantages for their management. Advancements in research and the need for high-quality productions have significantly contributed to this horticultural crop through the selection of productive cultivars with high economic yields and adapted to favorable conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate growth, physiological, and production characteristics of colored bell pepper cultivars in a semi-hydroponic system. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, using four colored pepper cultivars (Spinel, Bachata, Fulgor, and Red Jet), five evaluation times (7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after transplanting - DAT) for growth variables, and evaluations at two developmental stages (45 and 95 DAT) for physiological variables. Production and post-harvest variables were not evaluated in different times, considering only the cultivar factor, with five replications, each plot consisting of two plants. Chlorophyll a and b, maximum fluorescence, and water use efficiency were greater in bell pepper plants of the cultivar Spinel. The sweetest fruits were those of the cultivar Bachata. The cultivar Fulgor was the most suitable for growth under the studied conditions due to its greater fruit length and diameter and total fruit weight. Semihydroponic Semi hydroponic Capsicum L. L environments management highquality quality semihydroponic semi system design Spinel, Spinel (Spinel Bachata Jet, Jet , Jet) 7, 7 (7 14 21 28 3 DAT 45 (4 9 postharvest post harvest factor replications b fluorescence weight ( 1 2 4

RESUMO O sistema semi-hidropônico é uma alternativa para a produção de hortaliças, pois combina substrato inerte e solução nutritiva, necessitando de menos água. O pimentão é uma hortaliça da família Solanaceae, principalmente produzida em ambiente protegido, apresentando diversas vantagens financeiras e agronômicas no seu manejo. Com os avanços nas pesquisas e a necessidade de uma produção de qualidade, selecionar cultivares produtivas e com alto rendimento econômico, adaptadas às condições favoráveis, torna-se um grande avanço para esta cultura hortícola. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento, características fisiológicas e produtivas das cultivares Red Jet, Spinel, Bachata e Fulgor em sistema semi-hidropônico. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro cultivares de pimentão colorido (Spinel, Bachata, Fulgor e Red Jet) subdivididas em cinco épocas de avaliação (7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após transplantio - DAT) para as variáveis de crescimento e duas épocas (45 e 95 DAT) de avaliação para fisiologia. As variáveis produtivas e pós-colheita não foram subdivididas no tempo, levando-se em consideração apenas o fator cultivar para estas variáveis, com cinco repetições, sendo cada parcela composta por duas plantas. Os índices de clorofila a e b, fluorescência máxima e eficiência no uso da água foram maiores nas plantas de pimentão da cultivar Spinel. Os frutos mais doces foram obtidos com a cultivar Bachata. A cultivar Fulgor foi a mais indicada para cultivo nas condições estudadas devido ao maior comprimento, diâmetro e peso médio dos frutos. semihidropônico semi hidropônico hortaliças nutritiva Solanaceae protegido manejo qualidade econômico favoráveis tornase torna se hortícola Jet Spinel semihidropônico. hidropônico. (Spinel 7, 7 (7 14 21 2 3 DAT 45 (4 9 fisiologia póscolheita pós colheita tempo levandose levando repetições b comprimento ( 1 4