Abstract In two indigenous communities, Koriñahui and Carmen Alto, located above 3910 meters above sea level, in the northern region of Puno, Peru, a qualitative research study was conducted from 2015 to 2017. This research had a hermeneutic phenomenological approach and involved the use of in-depth interviews and other techniques with farmers over the age of 44. The study explored nine categories of traditional knowledge related to climate change adaptation from the perspective of these communities: 1) Perception of climate extremes, 2) Soil, 3) Water, 4) Plant health, 5) Hail, 6) Frost, 7) Hail and frost, 8) Rituals and organic practices, 9) Tolerant varieties. Hail, frost, and drought were identified as the most recurrent climate extremes in these communities. The diverse practices and knowledge within these categories are currently used within the observed communities. These practices are predominantly preventive, with some having a restorative nature. While the current climate change is of anthropogenic origin, the holistic indigenous perspective underscores that the fundamental cause is the loss of respect for nature, the sacred, and relationships among human beings. The various identified practices contribute to the concepts of ecological resilience and social resilience, making these communities less vulnerable to the effects of climate change in high-altitude agriculture.

Resumen En dos comunidades indígenas, Koriñahui y Carmen Alto, encima de 3910 m s. n. m., en el norte de la región de Puno en Perú, de 2015 a 2017, se realizó una investigación cualitativa con enfoque fenomenológico hermenéutico y con el uso de la entrevista a profundidad y otras técnicas con personas agricultoras mayores de 44 años. Desde la visión de las comunidades, se abordó nueve categorías de conocimientos tradicionales ligadas a adaptación al cambio climático: 1) percepción de los extremos climáticos, 2) suelo, 3) agua, 4) sanidad vegetal, 5) granizada, 6) helada, 7) granizada y helada, 8) ritualidad y organicidad y 9) variedades tolerantes. Se identificó a la granizada, la helada y la sequía como los extremos climáticos más recurrentes en esas comunidades. La diversidad de prácticas o saberes en las categorías descritas se usan actualmente en las comunidades observadas, son de carácter preventivo y algunos son restaurativos. Aunque el cambio climático actual tiene origen antrópico, desde la vivencia holística indígena se subraya -como causa fundamental- la pérdida de respeto a la naturaleza, a lo sagrado y entre seres humanos. Las diferentes prácticas identificadas contribuyen a la noción de resiliencia ecológica y resiliencia social, haciéndolas menos vulnerables a los efectos del cambio climático en agricultura de alta montaña.

Résumé Entre 2015 et 2017, nous avons mené une qualitative sous une approche phénoménologique moyennant l’entretien en profondeur et d’autres techniques avec des agriculteurs de plus de 44 qui habitent dans deux communautés, Koriñahui et Carmen Alto qui se trouvent à 3910 mètres au-dessus sur le niveau de la mer, dans le nord de la région de Puno au Pérou. À partir de la vision des communautés, nous avons abordé neuf catégories des connaissances traditionnelles liées à l’adaptation au changement climatique: 1) la perception des événements climatiques extrêmes, 2) le sol, 3) l’eau, 4) la santé des végétaux, 6) la grêle, 5) le gel, 7) la grêle et les gelées, 8) le rituel et l’organicité et 9) les variétés rendues tolérantes. Nous avons identifié la grêle, le gel et la sécheresse comme les événements climatiques extrêmes les plus fréquents dans ces communautés. La diversité des pratiques ou des savoirs dans les catégories décrites s’emploient actuellement dans les communautés observées et elles sont à caractère préventif et réparateur. Bien que le changement climatique de nos jours possède une origine anthropique, dès la perspective holistique indigène, elle remarque comme cause fondamentale la perte du respect de la nature, du sacré et parmi les êtres humains. Les différences pratiques identifiées contribuent à la notion de résilience écologique et de résilience sociale lesquelles les rendent moins vulnérables aux effets du changement climatique dans l’agriculture de haute.

Abstract This research seeks to evaluate whether the issuance of alerts for adverse events and disasters via Short Message Service based on the postal code registered by people is an effective means to prepare the population. The methodological procedures include spatialization of codes registered by people and a comparison with the existing codes, roads, and socio-environmental risks. The results indicate a low percentage of registered people, especially in areas of socio-environmental vulnerability. Furthermore, 10% of informal settlements have limitations in the regularization of roads, which implies the absence of postal codes. Therefore, the Civil Defense process of issuing alerts based on postal codes does not effectively reach the areas of socio-environmental vulnerability, enhancing the risks for the vulnerable population.

Resumo Esta pesquisa busca avaliar se a emissão de alertas de eventos adversos e desastres via Short Message Service, com base no Código de Endereçamento Postal (CEP) cadastrado pelas pessoas, é um meio eficaz para torná-las preparadas. Os procedimentos metodológicos incluem a espacialização dos códigos cadastrados pelas pessoas e a comparação com os códigos e as vias existentes e os riscos socioambientais. Os resultados indicam um percentual baixo de pessoas cadastradas, sobretudo em áreas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Ainda, 10% dos assentamentos informais possuem limitações na regularização de vias, implicando a inexistência de CEP. Logo, o processo da Defesa Civil de emissão de alertas baseado no código postal não atinge de forma efetiva as áreas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, potencializando os riscos dos vulneráveis.

Resumen Las modificaciones producidas por la agricultura de conservación sobre la dinámica del carbono en el suelo resultan en un aumento del carbono en la fracción del suelo y reduce en gran medida los procesos de oxidación del carbono al disminuir la manipulación mecánica del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos acumulativos de 25 años de agricultura de conservación como medio para mejorar la capacidad de resiliencia de los suelos agrícolas ante fluctuaciones climáticas y promover el incremento de los rendimientos, la disminución de la erosión y la emisión de gases de efecto invernadero. En un experimento de largo plazo (1995-2020), bajo una rotación maíz-triticale en riego, se evaluaron dos sistemas de manejo de suelo: 1) labranza convencional (Br +Ra); y 2) labranza cero más 33% de cobertura del suelo con residuos de cosecha (LC+33% C). Las variables evaluadas fueron: carbono orgánico del suelo, estabilidad de los agregados en agua mediante el diámetro peso medio (DPMa), conductividad hidráulica saturada (Ks), densidad aparente ((b) y rendimiento de grano y forraje. Los resultados mostraron que LC+33% el carbono presentó valores significativamente mayores de COS (23.8 Mg ha-1), DPMa (1.2 mm), Ks (8.5 cm h-1) y menor (b (1.19 Mg m-3) vs Br + Ra, lo cual es favorable para la sostenibilidad y resiliencia del sistema estructural del suelo. La AC mejora las variables de suelo evaluadas y mejora la calidad del suelo al incrementar el carbono orgánico del suelo.

Abstract Modifications produced by conservation agriculture on the dynamics of carbon in the soil result in an increase in carbon in the soil fraction and greatly reduce carbon oxidation processes by decreasing the mechanical manipulation of the soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cumulative effects of 25 years of conservation agriculture as a means to improve the resilience capacity of agricultural soils in the face of climatic fluctuations and promote increased yields, decreased erosion and greenhouse gas emissions. In a long-term experiment (1995-2020), under an irrigated corn-triticale rotation, the following two soil management systems were evaluated: 1) conventional tillage (Br + Ra); and 2) zero tillage plus 33% soil cover with harvest residues (LC+33% C). The variables evaluated were: soil organic carbon, stability of aggregates in water through mean weight diameter (MWDa), saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), bulk density ((b) and grain and forage yield. The results showed that, in LC + 33%, carbon presented significantly higher values of SOC (23.8 Mg ha-1), MWDa (1.2 mm), Ks (8.5 cm h-1) and lower (b (1.19 Mg m-3) vs Br + Ra, which is favorable for the sustainability and resilience of the soil structural system. CA improves the soil variables assessed and improves soil quality by increasing soil organic carbon.

Abstract This research focused on the Mexico City Climate Change Action Program 2014-2020 case study, examines how resilience has been embedded into planning instruments. Part 1 introduces prominent themes and concepts related to the incorporation of resilience in planning practice. Part 2 analyses concepts, methodologies, and strategies for building resilience in this program. Part 3 presents a critical assessment of the framework adopted. By doing so, it aims to highlight the challenges and opportunities embedding resilience offers to building a comprehensive urban resilience strategy within a planning for sustainability framework.

Resumen Esta investigación, centrada en el estudio de caso del Programa de Acción contra el Cambio Climático de la Ciudad de México 2014-2020, examina cómo la resiliencia se integra en los instrumentos de planeación. Se analizan conceptos relacionados con la incorporación del pensamiento de la resiliencia en la práctica de la planeación de las ciudades; así como los términos enfoque, metodologías y estrategias para construir resiliencia en este programa; finalmente, se presenta una evaluación crítica del marco adoptado. El objetivo es resaltar los desafíos y las oportunidades que implica construir una estrategia integral de resiliencia urbana en el marco de una planeación para la sustentabilidad.

Abstract Purpose: To explore and analyze the possibilities of integrating climate change (CC) in higher-level educational experiences with teachers from the Universidad Veracruzana (UV), at the Poza Rica-Tuxpan campus, Mexico. Due to its geographical location, the region is exposed to extreme hydrometeorological phenomena; there is physical and social vulnerability. Method: The study consisted of group interviews with teachers. They inquired about the threats associated with CC, identified them in their region, and how they approach the CC phenomenon in their academic activity and teaching practice. The dimension of attitudes from social representations theory is retaken as a substantive category; risk, vulnerability, and social resilience as formal categories were used as data-gathering tools in the study region. For the group interviews, a semi-structured guide was developed. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim, then analyzed using the content analysis technique. Results: Participants identify and address CC and other threats associated with this phenomenon in their educational experiences. A teaching practice committed to the environmental problem of its own context is recognized. Moreover, the link with other social, municipal, and community actors, who collaborate in educational practices to reduce vulnerabilities, promote risk management, and advance in the process of co-building social resilience, considering CC adaptation and mitigation measures. Conclusions: Educational action, thus, contributes to climate action, strengthening individual and collective capacities that are undoubtedly necessary to stop the current climate crisis.

Resumen Objetivo: Conocer y analizar las posibilidades para integrar el cambio climático (CC) en experiencias educativas de nivel superior con profesorado de la Universidad Veracruzana (UV), en la sede Poza Rica-Tuxpan. Por su ubicación geográfica, la región está expuesta a fenómenos hidrometeorológicos extremos, hay vulnerabilidad física y social. Metodología: Se realizaron entrevistas grupales con profesorado para indagar sobre las amenazas asociadas al CC que identifican en su región y cómo abordan este fenómeno desde su actividad académica y práctica docente. Se retoma como categoría sustantiva la dimensión de actitudes desde la teoría de las representaciones sociales; las categorías formales se adhieren a los enfoques de riesgo, vulnerabilidad y resiliencia social, pertinentes a la región de estudio. Para las entrevistas grupales se elaboró una guía semiestructurada, las entrevistas fueron audiograbadas y transcritas textualmente para su análisis siguiendo la técnica de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Las personas participantes identifican y abordan, en sus experiencias educativas, el CC y otras amenazas asociadas a este fenómeno. Se reconoce una práctica docente comprometida con la problemática ambiental de su propio contexto. Además, la vinculación con otros actores sociales, municipales y comunitarios, quienes colaboran en prácticas educativas para reducir vulnerabilidades, promover la gestión del riesgo y avanzar en el proceso de coconstrucción de resiliencia social, donde se consideran medidas de adaptación y mitigación al CC. Conclusiones: La acción educativa contribuye, así, a la acción climática, fortaleciendo capacidades individuales y colectivas, sin duda necesarias para frenar la crisis climática actual.

Resumo Objetivo: Conhecer e analisar as possibilidades de integrar as mudanças climáticas em experiências educacionais de nível superior com professores da Universidad Veracruzana (UV), no campus Poza Rica-Tuxpan, México. Devido à sua localização geográfica, a região está exposta a fenômenos hidrometeorológicos extremos, e há vulnerabilidade física e social. Metodología: Foram realizadas entrevistas em grupo com professores para indagar sobre as ameaças associadas as mudanças climática que eles identificam em sua região e como abordam esse fenômeno a partir de sua atividade acadêmica e prática docente. A dimensão das atitudes a partir da teoría das representações sociais é assumida como categoria substantiva, e como categorias formais, risco, vulnerabilidade e resiliência social. Para as entrevistas em grupo, foi elaborado um roteiro semiestruturado, as entrevistas foram gravadas em áudio e transcritas na íntegra para análise seguindo a técnica de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: Os participantes identificam e abordam as mudanças climáticas e outras ameaças associadas a esse fenômeno em suas experiências educacionais. É reconhecida uma prática docente comprometida com os problemas ambientais de seu próprio contexto. Além disso, o vínculo com outros atores sociais, municipais e comunitários, que colaboram em práticas educativas para reduzir vulnerabilidades, promover a gestão de riscos e avançar no processo de coconstrução da resiliência social, considerando medidas de adaptação e mitigação as mudanças climáticas. Conclusão: A ação educativa contribui assim para a ação climática, fortalecendo as capacidades individuais e coletivas que são, sem dúvida, necessárias para frear a atual crise climática.

Maize is a staple crop in Lesotho; hence, it can be vital in improving food security and strengthening the economy. However, climate change necessitates the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in the growing of maize. It is assumed that small-scale maize farmers lack awareness of climate change and mitigation strategies. This hypothesis has not yet been assessed in Lesotho, especially in the study area; hence, this study is conducted to evaluate it. One hundred small-scale maize farmers from Mafeteng and Mohale's Hoek Districts were selected to participate in the study. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire. The results show that small-scale maize farming in Mafeteng and Mohale's Hoek is dominated by older women (54%) who are within the age group 56 to 65 years (32%) with a low level of formal education (33%). 70% of farmers have been in farming for more than 20 years. Most (70%) of farmers indicated that their maize production is negatively affected by climate change, and 51.7% offarmers experienced poor yield, maize quality, and rainfall. This has led to food insecurity (44%). Therefore, 89% of farmers want to increase fertiliser use to maximise production and improve food security. 37% of farmers desire to switch to CSA, and the majority (83%) intend to adopt CA systems to mitigate climate change. Further studies are recommended to identify LikotiLikoti's system' s ability to boost agricultural yields and increase food production, combat soil erosion, and enhance fertility and to assess if Machobane system - Mantsa Tlala, or "expeller of hunger leads to a rise in per capita food production and overall land productivity.

The goat breeding improvement program played a crucial role in addressing the challenges of climate change vulnerability among the smallholder farmers of climate change-vulnerable communities in Gokwe North district, Zimbabwe. Using cross-sectional data from 217 small-scale farmers in four randomly selected wards in the Gokwe North district of Zimbabwe, the study examined the effect of the program on households' climate change adaptation capabilities using proxy variables including food security, asset acquisition, access to affordable credit, and enhanced business management competencies. Primary data were collected using questionnaires. Results show that there were gains in credit access, asset base improvements, food security and income. The evaluation established an excellent potential for sustainability or continued flow of benefits beyond the program's lifetime, given the institutional capacity building implemented under the program. There were impacts regarding the program accruing positive changes in well-being, improved livelihoods, and community adaptation even in the face of climate change and an ever-changing economic policy environment. Gokwe North District can be further transformed, given the level of commercialisation of the goat project among the participating members of the community, if extension support is provided in a way that suits the farmers ' capacities to learn.

The study examined the socio-demographic characteristics of smallholder farmers ' and resilience strategies for adaptation to climate change in Buffelspruit, South Africa. The objectives of the study were to determine local resilience strategies used by farmers and examine adoption behaviour in the use of local resilience strategies for mitigating climate change. The study was conducted in Buffelspruit community. A total number of 306 participants were selected randomly for this study. Structured and semi-structured questionnaires were used for data collection. The adoption behaviour of the farmers in the use of local resilience strategies was analysed using the logit model. Crop rotation, crop diversification and the adjustment of planting dates were the resilience strategies used by farmers. The result from the logit analysis reveals that gender (p = 0.047), level of education (p = 0.16), employment (p = 0.043), farm skills (p = 0.058), extension services (p = 0.011) and farm size (p = 0.022) influenced the adoption of climate resilient strategies in the study area. Extension education must move beyond technical training to enhance farmers ' abilities for planning, problem solving, critical thinking and leadership skills to work with multiple stakeholders. Extension must be proactive with capacity development in climate change education.

Children, especially children in Africa, are disproportionately affected and their rights violated, as a result of the physical impacts of climate change. UNICEF has reported that 32 of the 45 countries identified globally in the Children's Climate Risk Index as the worst affected by climate change are in sub-Saharan Africa. Climate change threatens not only the immediate survival of children, but also their growth and development, as well as their ability to learn, play, and reach adulthood. Furthermore, the majority of Africa's children live in families and communities with little resilience to adapt to both climate-induced emergencies and slow-onset events. This as a backdrop, litigation is one important tool used, often as a measure of last resort, to address and expedite climate change action. The topic is of increasing interest regionally, and this article looks specifically at the convergence of child rights and climate change litigation in Africa. It is an attempt to respond to the question "what are the opportunities as well as challenges for current and future child rights-based climate change litigation in Africa"?

Mwenezi district is a drought prone area characterised by high temperatures, droughts, rainfall deficit, crop failures and chronic food deficiencies. Rainfed agriculture can no longer be sustained without any innovations. The study explored the impacts of climate change on household food security among the vulnerable populations of Matande communal lands, Mwenezi district in Zimbabwe. The study is guided by the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF). An exploratory sequential research design was adopted, and a total of 78 respondents were selected from the population of 371 households using purposive and cluster sampling techniques. Data collection was triangulated through the use of household survey, focus group discussions, key informant interviews and observations. The thematic approach and SPSS software were used to analyse qualitative and quantitative data, respectively. Results demonstrated that climate change propelled increases of pests and diseases for both livestock and crops, reduction of meals uptake per day, biodiversity loss and dwindled crop production. Livestock increases were recorded despite the changing climate shows a nexus with food insecurity. The research called for the adoption of drought-tolerant crops, capacity building through climate change resilience programmes, livestock centric in diversification, improved formal markets for livestock and tapping of underground water for irrigation and other purposes to complement existing water bodies to prevent them drying up early. CONTRIBUTION: There is deepening aridification in Mwenezi district because of climate change resulting in the continuous obliteration for the worst of agro-ecological regions iv and v reclassified into a and b. This confirmed the heterogeneity of various climatic conditions and variability within the same geographical context. However, vulnerability continues to be generalised into regions. The study investigates the impacts of climate change typical to Matande communal lands with the view to generate knowledge relevant to review adaptation practices specific to the researched area in order to escalate community resilience

Climate change has been declared as the biggest threat to human health in the 21st century. Not all family doctors are aware of the threats and how to tackle them. There are three key aspects to consider: the health and social effects of climate change, the challenge of climate change to primary health care (PHC) facilities and services, and the contribution of health services to the problem of climate change. Climate change and global pollution are ecological drivers associated with significant health and social effects that are often seen in PHC services. These ecological drivers impact health and society via a number of proximate causes, such as air pollution and decreased food production. The health and social effects include malnutrition, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases, displacement and migration, and mental health problems. Climate change-induced extreme weather events are associated with immediate loss of life and injuries, destruction of homes and livelihoods, and disruption of PHC facilities and services. For adapting to these challenges, the World Health Organization has developed an operational framework for a climate-resilient health system. The Global Green and Healthy Hospitals agenda provides practical guidance for mitigating the contribution of health services to climate change. This article uses these frameworks to suggest practical steps that family doctors can take in leading climate adaptation and mitigation within PHC.

ABSTRACT With the impermeabilization of urban soils and the increase in the frequency of heavy rains, conventional drainage systems have become obsolete, resulting in the occurrence of floods. In this sense, the aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing urban drainage compensatory techniques in Ressaca stream basin - Belo Horizonte - MG. For this, scenarios were proposed that contemplate the current condition of occupation of the basin, verifying the possible techniques to be adopted, and a future situation, which envisages a new pattern of urban development and an equation IDF that incorporates non-stationarity conditions. The increase in peak flow rates observed when comparing the scenarios that contemplate the different perspectives of IDF, although quite expressive, could be attenuated with the implementation of techniques that contribute to reducing runoff volume. This study findings evidence the hydrological benefits that compensatory techniques could promote in the face of a scenario of changes in rainfall patterns.

RESUMO Com a impermeabilização dos solos urbanos e o aumento da frequência de chuvas intensas, os sistemas convencionais de drenagem tornaram-se obsoletos, resultando na ocorrência de enchentes. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o impacto da implantação de técnicas compensatórias de drenagem urbana na bacia do córrego Ressaca - Belo Horizonte - MG. Para isso, foram propostos cenários que contemplam a condição atual de ocupação da bacia, verificando as possíveis técnicas a serem adotadas, e uma situação futura, que contempla um novo padrão de desenvolvimento urbano e uma equação IDF que incorpora condições de não estacionariedade. O aumento das vazões de pico observadas na comparação dos cenários que contemplam as diferentes perspectivas do IDF, embora bastante expressivo, poderia ser atenuado com a implantação de técnicas que contribuam para a redução do volume de escoamento. Os achados deste estudo evidenciam os benefícios hidrológicos que as técnicas compensatórias podem promover diante de um cenário de mudanças nos padrões de chuva.

Resumo Este estudo teve como objetivo determinar índices de sensibilidade global de variáveis termofísicasno desempenho térmico de habitações em Belém, Brasília, São Paulo e Curitiba, considerando os efeitos das mudanças climáticas. Para tanto, o desempenho térmico de um dormitório foi analisado em diferentes períodosclimáticos, a partir de progressões obtidas por meio da ferramenta CCWorldWeatherGen, para os intervalos dos anos 2020 (representa 2011 a 2040), 2050 (representa 2041 a 2070) e 2080 (representa 2071 a 2100), de acordo com o cenário de emissões A2 do Painel Intergovernamental sobre Mudanças Climáticas. Os índices de sensibilidade de Morris indicaram que as mudanças climáticas, além de influenciarem no desempenho térmico do ambiente construído, influenciam na importância das variáveis termofísicas, principalmente em cidades com climas mais amenos. Em Belém, o fator de ventilação foi mais importante; em Brasília, destacaram-se a transmitância térmica das paredes e o fator de ventilação; e em São Paulo e Curitiba, destacaram-se a absortância solar da cobertura, a orientação solar e o fator de ventilação. Diante de variações determinantes nos índices de sensibilidade ao longo dos anos, conclui-se que o projeto de edificações deve, necessariamente, considerar projeções de mudanças climáticas, para que o ambiente construído possua resiliência em seu desempenho.

Abstract This paper aims to determine global sensitivity indices of design variables in the thermal performance of low-income housing in Belém, Brasília, São Paulo, and Curitiba, in view of the effects of climate change. For this purpose, the thermal performance of a bedroom was simulated in different environmental conditions, from progressions of weather files obtained through the CCWorldWeatherGen tool, for the periods of the years 2020 (2011 to 2040), 2050 (2041 to 2070) and 2080 (2071 to 2100), according to the A2 emissions scenario of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The Morris indices showed that climate change impacts not only the thermal performance of the built environment, but also the importance of design variables, especially in cities in milder climates. In Belém, the ventilation factor was most important; in Brasília, the thermal transmittance of the walls and the ventilation factor stood out; and in São Paulo and Curitiba, the solar absorptance of the roof, solar orientation, and the ventilation factor stood out. Due to decisive variations in the sensitivity indices over the years, this study concluded that the building designs must necessarily consider projections of climate change to ensure performance resilience of the built environment.

Abstract Purpose The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (UN SDG) number 13 calls for urgent action to combat climate change impacts. Urban resilience planning documents often articulate partnerships and collaborations (P&Cs) as critical strategies. This study aims to identify the actors, the topics, processes, and visions of collaboration. Design/methodology/approach This paper explores the characterization of urban resilience partnerships via a thematic content analysis of resilience strategy documents produced in US cities through the 100 Resilient Cities Project. Findings P&Cs are defined broadly, taking several forms to meet various objectives. They act as boundary objects engaging across social groups, but the details of the P&Cs are rarely articulated, which is problematic for their implementation. P&Cs are commonly discussed in relation to the focus of the work; therefore, they less often define the specific actors, processes or transformative visions involved. Research limitations/implications This research focuses only on the resilience plans written in US cities, showing the perspective of US policymakers. Documents analyzed were produced via the Rockefeller Foundation's 100 Resilient Cities Project. Practical implications Understanding and categorizing the who, what, when and why of P&Cs for urban resilience provide a deeper understanding of how these strategies are being described and offer a starting point for tangibly actualizing partnerships and collaborations outside planning documents. Social implications To reach vital urban resilience goals, P&Cs must be designed and managed appropriately. Understanding the shortcoming of current P&C policies can help managers mitigate problems and find better approaches. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is the first to analyze how P&Cs are being articulated and described in urban resilience plans. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goal number 13 calls for urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts. As urbanization continues and the effects of climate change escalate, city governments are finding themselves responsible for the resilience of large populations. To cope, increasing numbers of municipalities are developing urban resilience plans. These documents often articulate partnerships and collaborations (P&Cs) as critical strategies for enhancing resilience capacity and implementing resilience policies. Although specific case studies of resilience-related collaborative practices are well documented in urban resilience literature, little is known about the proliferation of P&C strategies collectively. Furthermore, questions remain regarding the characterization of resilience P&Cs by practitioners, including who is involved and what types of projects they undertake. Therefore, this analysis explores urban resilience P&Cs via a thematic content analysis of resilience strategy documents produced in 16 US cities through the 100 Resilient Cities Project. Results indicate that cities prioritize P&Cs in resilience policy implementation, but they often fall short in defining the key components of P&Cs that are vital to their success. The analysis exposes the most common actors, topics, processes and visions described in resilience P&Cs and makes recommendations for how urban resilience P&Cs can be improved in the future.

RESUMEN En las últimas décadas, los centros urbanos han enfrentado enormes desafíos, como el aumento de desastres naturales y la imposibilidad de recuperarse de los mismos. En este contexto, el objetivo de esta investigación es proponer indicadores de resiliencia y sostenibilidad para la vivienda urbana panameña en función de los efectos del cambio climático, a través de un extenso análisis sobre la vulnerabilidad del país. Mediante procesos cualitativos fue posible caracterizar una vivienda resiliente y sostenible validada por profesionales nacionales e internacionales para el desarrollo de una propuesta de 29 indicadores que responden a los impactos actuales y futuros producidos por cambio climático: 15 para resiliencia y 14 para sostenibilidad. En este sentido, se logró elaborar una herramienta útil y sencilla para evaluar la resiliencia y sostenibilidad de la vivienda urbana.

RESUMO Nas últimas décadas, os centros urbanos têm enfrentado enormes desafios como o aumento das catástrofes naturais e a impossibilidade de recuperação dos estragos causados por estas. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é propor indicadores de resiliência e sustentabilidade para a habitação urbana panamenha em função dos efeitos das alterações climáticas mediante uma análise extensiva da vulnerabilidade do país. Esta informação foi analisada por meio de processos qualitativos que permitiram caracterizar uma habitação resiliente e sustentável validada por profissionais nacionais e internacionais. Isto permitiu desenvolver uma proposta de 29 indicadores que respondem aos impactos atuais e futuros das alterações climáticas: 15 para a resiliência e 14 para a sustentabilidade. Neste sentido, obteve-se um instrumento útil e simples para avaliar a resiliência e a sustentabilidade da habitação urbana.

ABSTRACT In recent decades, urban centers have been facing enormous challenges with the increase in natural disasters, and the impossibility of recovering from them. In this context, the objective of this research is to propose resilience and sustainability indicators for Panamanian urban housing by considering the effects of climate change through an extensive analysis of the country’s vulnerability. Using qualitative processes, validated by national and international professionals, it was possible to characterize resilient and sustainable housing and develop a proposal of 29 indicators that respond to current and future climate change-related impacts: 15 for resilience and 14 for sustainability. Thus, building a simple useful tool to evaluate the resilience and sustainability of urban housing.