Resumen La política de colonización interna en el Brasil posterior a la independencia se activó y transformó continuamente a lo largo de los siglos XIX y XX con el fin de controlar a las poblaciones y territorios insumisos. A partir de un análisis bibliográfico y documental de una serie de proyectos y experiencias de colonización, fue posible reconstruir el marco interpretativo de esta política, haciendo hincapié en el periodo de la dictadura empresarial-militar y su transformación del campesinado en clase media rural. Se buscó identificar los principales elementos que componen este estrato, sus características y expectativas, con base en el conjunto de valores, intereses y supuestos del complejo tecno-empresarial-militar desde la política de colonización en su formación. Las continuidades y reconfiguraciones de esta política nos permiten afirmar que la colonización es el verbo oculto en el tratamiento de la cuestión agraria nacional. insumisos empresarialmilitar empresarial militar rural estrato expectativas valores tecnoempresarialmilitar tecno formación nacional

Résumé La politique de colonisation interne au Brésil après l’Indépendance a été continuellement activée et transformée au cours des XIXe et XXe siècles afin de contrôler les populations insoumises et les territoires. À partir de l’analyse bibliographique et documentaire d’un ensemble de projets et d’expériences de colonisation, il a été possible de reconstruire le cadre interprétatif de cette politique, en mettant l’accent sur la période de la dictature entreprise-militaire et sur son sens de transformation des paysans en classe moyenne rurale. Nous avons cherché à identifier les principaux éléments constitutifs de cette couche sociale, ses caractéristiques et ses attentes en fonction de l’ensemble des valeurs, intérêts et présupposés du complexe techno-entreprise-militaire à partir de la politique de colonisation dans sa formation. Les continuités et reconfigurations de cette politique nous permettent d’affirmer que coloniser est le verbe caché dans le traitement de la question agraire nationale. lIndépendance l Indépendance territoires lanalyse analyse dun d un dexpériences expériences laccent accent entreprisemilitaire entreprise militaire rurale sociale lensemble valeurs technoentreprisemilitaire techno formation daffirmer affirmer nationale

Abstract The internal colonization policy in post-Independence Brazil was continuously activated and transformed throughout the 19th and 20th centuries in order to control unsubmissive populations and territories. From the bibliographic and documentary analysis of a set of colonization projects and experiences, it was possible to reconstruct the interpretative framework of this policy, emphasizing the period of the corporate-military dictatorship and its meaning of transformation of the traditional peasantry into the rural middle class. We sought to identify the main elements that constitute this stratum, its characteristics and expectations based on the set of values, interests and assumptions of the techno-corporate-military complex, highlighting the role of the colonization policy in its formation. The continuities and reconfigurations of this policy allow us to state that talking about colonizing while it is the hidden verb of the treatment given to the national agrarian question. postIndependence post Independence th territories experiences corporatemilitary corporate military class stratum values technocorporatemilitary techno complex formation question

Resumo A política de colonização interna no Brasil pós-Independência foi continuamente acionada e transformada ao longo dos séculos XIX e XX a fim de controlar populações insubmissas e territórios. A partir da análise bibliográfica e documental de um conjunto de projetos e experiências de colonização foi possível reconstruir o quadro interpretativo desta política, dando ênfase ao período da ditadura empresarial-militar e ao seu sentido de transformação do campesinato em classe média rural. Buscou-se identificar os principais elementos que constituem esse estrato, suas características e expectativas com base no conjunto de valores, interesses e pressupostos do complexo tecno-empresarial-militar a partir da política de colonização em sua formação. As continuidades e reconfigurações desta política nos permitem afirmar que colonizar é o verbo oculto do tratamento dado à questão agrária nacional. pósIndependência pós Independência territórios empresarialmilitar empresarial militar rural Buscouse Buscou se estrato valores tecnoempresarialmilitar tecno formação nacional

Abstract In this paper, I interpret the relationship between abandonment and remembrance based on possibilities for re-signifying the Perus Portland Cement Factory. Abandoned since the 1970s, the facilities of the bankrupt Companhia Brasileira de Cimento Portland are today the object of cultural actions organized by social movements in Perus, a district in the northwest of the city of São Paulo. The movements aim to recapture personal and collective memories of the so-called Queixadas Strike, which took over the factory for seven years and left to the territory an identity of struggle for rights and citizenship. Based on the analysis of interviews, I discuss the counter-narrative created by one of these collectives, the Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, to oppose oblivion and announce the potential of its territory. paper resignifying re signifying Factory 1970s s Paulo socalled so called Strike citizenship interviews counternarrative counter narrative collectives Quilombaque

Resumo Interpreto as relações entre o abandono e a rememoração a partir das possibilidades de ressignificação da Fábrica de Cimento Portland de Perus. Abandonada desde a década de 1970, as instalações da falida Companhia Brasileira de Cimento Portland são, hoje, objeto de ações culturais de movimentos sociais de Perus, distrito da zona noroeste da Cidade de São Paulo. Estes procuram retomar memórias pessoais e coletivas da chamada Greve dos Queixadas, que tomou a Fábrica durante sete anos e legou ao território uma identidade de luta por direitos e cidadania. A partir da análise de entrevistas, discuto como um desses coletivos, a Comunidade Cultural Quilombaque, elabora uma contranarrativa que se opõe ao esquecimento para anunciar as potencialidades de seu território. Perus 1970 são hoje Paulo Queixadas cidadania entrevistas coletivos Quilombaque 197 19 1

RESUMO: Entender aspectos da germinação de sementes de espécies nativas do Cerrado pode auxiliar na escolha de espécies a serem utilizadas na restauração de ecossistemas degradados. Portanto, o estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito de cápsulas biodegradáveis na germinação de sementes de três espécies arbóreas típicas de fisionomias florestais do Cerrado (Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Anadenanthera colubrina e Dipteryx alata). O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, com dois tratamentos: semeadura no interior de cápsulas biodegradáveis e semeadura direta na superfície do substrato. Duas sementes de cada espécie foram utilizadas por tratamento, as quais foram acomodadas em sacos plásticos com substrato arenoso oriundo da classe Neossolo Quartzarênico. Para cada tratamento, foram utilizados cinco blocos (repetições), com 20 sacos plásticos cada. A casa de vegetação teve condições controladas de temperatura e umidade relativa. Dentro das cápsulas, os resultados mostraram que as sementes de baru, angico-branco e tamboril apresentaram germinação de 97%, 42% e 12%, respectivamente. Por outro lado, na semeadura direta, a germinação foi de 15% para baru, 21% para angico-branco e 8% para tamboril. Os resultados indicam que o uso de cápsulas biodegradáveis favorece a germinação das espécies do Cerrado estudadas. Assim, tanto a utilização das cápsulas quanto as espécies elencadas são recomendadas em projetos de restauração ecológica. RESUMO degradados Portanto Enterolobium contortisiliquum alata. alata . alata) tratamentos tratamento Quartzarênico repetições, repetições , (repetições) 2 relativa baru angicobranco angico branco 97 97% 42 12 12% respectivamente lado 15 21 8 estudadas Assim ecológica (repetições 9 4 1

ABSTRACT: A good grasp of the different facets of seed germination of the plant species native to the Cerrado will facilitate the selection of species that can be used to restore degraded ecosystems. Hence, the objective of the current study was to confirm the ways biodegradable capsules affect the germination of the seeds of three tree species typical of the physiognomies of the Cerrado forest (Enterolobium contortisiliquum, Anadenanthera colubrina and Dipteryx alata). The experiments, conducted in a greenhouse, included two treatments: seeding performed inside biodegradable capsules and direct seeding on the substrate surface. Two seeds from each of the species were sown in plastic bags containing the Quartzarenic Neosol class of substrates. Using five replicates for each treatment resulted in 20 plastic bags for each. The greenhouse conditions included controlled temperature and relative humidity. Inside the capsules, the findings revealed that the baru, angico-branco and tamboril seeds germinated at the rates of 97%, 42%, and 12%, respectively. However, during direct seeding, germination rates for baru, angico-branco and tamboril were 15%, 21% and 8%. From the findings, it is evident that when biodegradable capsules are used, the germination of all three Cerrado species investigated is favoured. Thus, both capsules and the cited species can be recommended for projects of ecological restoration. ABSTRACT ecosystems Hence Enterolobium contortisiliquum alata. alata . alata) experiments treatments surface substrates 2 humidity baru angicobranco angico branco 97 97% 42 42% 12 12% respectively However 15 15% 21 8 8% favoured Thus restoration 9 4 1

APPLICATION OF MASS SPECTROMETRY WITH PAPER SPRAY IONIZATION AND THE OPLS-DA CHEMOMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF PROSTATE CANCER BY ANALYSIS OF URINE SAMPLES. In this study, paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (PSI-MS) allied to orthogonal projections on the latent structure-discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA) was employed to differentiate urine samples from patients with prostate cancer and control individuals (without prostate cancer). The parameters of sensitivity, specificity, efficiency and Matthew’s correlation coefficient determined to analyze the efficiency and quality of the OPLS-DA model obtained a value equal to 1, which means, respectively, that the model has a good performance to correctly classify true positive samples and true negatives. These results showed 100% correct classification of the samples from the training and test set, demonstrating a high efficiency of the OPLS-DA model when classifying all samples considered as belonging to the class of interest (urine from control patient) into class 1 and all samples considered as belonging to the non-interest class (urine from patients with prostate cancer) in class 0. This efficiency resulting from the application of this model suggests that the PSI-MS combined to OPLS-DA is a promisor approach for a rapid diagnosis of prostate cancer, via chemical fingerprints of urine samples. OPLSDA OPLS DA SAMPLES study PSIMS PSI MS (PSI-MS structurediscrimination structure discrimination (OPLS-DA without cancer. . sensitivity specificity Matthews Matthew s means respectively negatives 100 set patient noninterest non 0 10

The focus of this manuscript is to present the extension project “(Re)thinking the (in)differences: the deconstructions and resistance to transversal themes in the teaching of Natural Sciences”, as well as analyzing its potential when working with continued training work by teachers, promoting debate, discussion, and reflection on the use of contemporary cross-cutting themes in chemistry and science classes. It was also intended to stimulate class planning, the production of strategies and teaching material by educators motivated by the need to reform thinking and regenerate teaching, considering social themes that seek the empowerment of groups placed on the margins of the education system, so that they undertake training that is a collective achievement and built with social discussions. Rethinking Re indifferences differences (in)differences Sciences, Sciences , Sciences” teachers debate discussion crosscutting cross cutting classes planning system discussions

Efavirenz, an antiretroviral drug, is a class 2 according to the biopharmaceutics classification system. Many dissolution enhancement systems have been tried and our group had success using wet milling to decrease particle size and granules were obtained by spray and freeze drying. In this paper we present data related to the upgrade in the process, raising the solids concentration in the suspension from 10 to 50% (m/v) and changing the drying step for a fluid bed granulation. After that, tablets were obtained. Granules and tablets were fully evaluated and a pharmacokinetic study was also performed with the granules. By powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) it was possible to prove that there was no phase transition in the sample after milling and drying. Dissolution efficiency of 4 from 5 granules was higher than 90%, considering 83% for the raw material. Tablets were technically approved but the dissolution was impacted and just 2 out of 11 showed results > 80%. A high enhancement in the bioavailability was also observed, around 172%. So, it is possible to conclude that efavirenz microcrystals with enhanced dissolution and bioavailability can be formulated into tablets and are a viable system to develop a new drug product. Efavirenz process 1 50 m/v mv m v (m/v granulation Xray X ray PXRD (PXRD FTIR (FTIR 90 90% 83 material 80 80% observed 172 172% So product 9 8 17

Pinacolone and benzopinacolone derivatives are an important class of organic compounds due to their uses in polymer synthesis and more recently as biologically active compounds. The conventional synthesis of such molecules is generally done in two steps, the pinacol coupling followed by the pinacol/pinacolone rearrangement. Aiming to prepare benzopinacolone derivatives in a greener fashion, we present here a one-step synthesis from acetophenones in the presence of zinc and tert-butyl chloride. To develop the methodology, conditions to prepare 3,3-diphenyl-2-butanone from acetophenone were optimized. To assess the scope, different substituted acetophenones were tested, resulting in the corresponding benzopinacolones at moderate yields (20-50%) with high purity. Structural elucidations were performed by 1H and 13C NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and GC-MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). steps pinacolpinacolone pinacolone rearrangement fashion onestep one step tertbutyl tert butyl chloride methodology 3,3diphenyl2butanone 33diphenyl2butanone diphenylbutanone 3,3 diphenyl 2 butanone 3 optimized scope tested 2050% 2050 20 50% 50 (20-50% purity H C nuclear spectroscopy GCMS GC MS gas chromatographymass chromatography mass spectrometry. spectrometry . spectrometry) 3diphenyl2butanone 33 3, 205 5 (20-50 (20-5 (20- (20 (2 (

RESUMO Fontes não tradicionais de galactomananas são amplamente cultivadas na Região Nordeste do Brasil, como as sementes das espécies ornamentais Caesalpinia pulcherrima (flor-depavão) e Delonix regia (flamboiã). As galactomananas GM-CP e GM -DR, extraídas respectivamente dessas sementes, estão sendo estudadas como potenciais agentes terapêuticos, mas avaliações sistemáticas sobre a toxicidade aguda das mesmas ainda não foram relatadas. Grupos de três ratas receberam GM-CP ou GM-DR oral (300 mg kg-1), enquanto um grupo controle recebeu veículo (solução salina). Como não houve letalidade, outros grupos receberam doses de 2000 mg kg-1, o que também não causou letalidade. A coleta de órgãos e amostras de sangue foi feita no dia 14. A hipernocicepção mecânica e o influxo de células inflamatórias foram medidos em outros grupos que receberam doses intra-articulares de GM-CP ou GM-DR (200 µg, n = 5 por grupo). Ambas as galactomananas não evocaram alterações fisiológicas/comportamentais ou inflamação articular. Como a DL50 não foi inferior a 2000 mg kg-1, tais polissacarídeos podem ser alocados na classe 5 do Sistema Globalmente Harmonizado para Classificação e Rotulagem de Produtos Químicos. Brasil flordepavão flor depavão (flor-depavão flamboiã. flamboiã . (flamboiã) GMCP CP DR, DR -DR terapêuticos relatadas GMDR 300 (30 kg1, kg1 kg 1 , kg-1) solução salina. salina salina) letalidade 200 1, kg-1 14 intraarticulares intra articulares (20 µg grupo. grupo) fisiológicascomportamentais fisiológicas comportamentais articular DL DL5 Químicos (flamboiã 30 (3 20 kg- (2 3 ( 2

ABSTRACT Non-traditional galactomannans sources are widely cultivated in the Brazilian Northeast Region, such as the species Caesalpinia pulcherrima (peacock flower) and Delonix regia (flamboyant). The galactomannans GM-CP and GM-DR were extracted from the respective seeds and are being studied as potential therapeutic agents, but systematic evaluations on their acute toxicity are yet to be reported. Groups of three female rats received oral GMCP or GM-DR (300 mg kg-1), whereas a control group received vehicle (saline). Since there was no lethality, other groups received doses of 2000 mg kg-1, which also did not cause lethality. Organs and blood samples were collected on day 14. Mechanical hypernociception and inflammatory cell influx were measured in other groups receiving intra-articular doses of GM-CP or GM-DR (200 µg, n = 5 per group). Neither galactomannan evoked physiological / behavioral changes or joint inflammation. Since the LD50 was less than 2000 mg kg-1, such polysaccharides may be allocated in the class 5 of the Globally Harmonized System for Classification and Labelling of Chemicals. Nontraditional Non traditional Region peacock flower flamboyant. flamboyant . (flamboyant) GM CP GMDR DR agents reported 300 (30 kg1, kg1 kg 1 , kg-1) saline. saline (saline) lethality 200 1, kg-1 14 intraarticular intra articular (20 µg group. group) inflammation LD LD5 Chemicals (flamboyant 30 (3 (saline 20 kg- (2 3 ( 2

Resumen Objetivo Analizar la relación entre el índice de vulnerabilidad social y la condición de debilidad física y el delirium en personas mayores hospitalizadas. Métodos Estudio transversal y analítico llevado a cabo con personas mayores en un hospital del sur de Brasil. Se emplearon los siguientes instrumentos para la recopilación: cuestionario sociodemográfico, índice de vulnerabilidad social, marcadores del fenotipo de debilidad física y Confusion Assessement Method. Se utilizó la estadística descriptiva e inferencial. Resultados De las 305 personas mayores evaluadas, el 59,4 % era de sexo femenino, el 40,9 % de más de 80 años y el 92,6 % con morbilidades. Se observó asociación entre hospitalización y sexo femenino con vulnerabilidad baja y mediana (64,8 %; IC95 % 55,9-72,7 y 63 %; IC95 % 53,2-71,8, respectivamente, con p=0,0262). El delirium se observó en el 29,5 % (IC95 % 22,3-38,4) de las personas mayores de más de 60 años con vulnerabilidad baja, el 17 % (10,9-25,5) mediana y el 14,5 % (8,6-23,9) alta, con p=0,0151. No se observó relación entre delirium e índice de vulnerabilidad en personas de más de 80 años, con p=0,235. La incidencia de delirium llegó al 44,3 % (32,5-56,7) de personas mayores con vulnerabilidad baja, 35 % (22,1-50,5) mediana y 25 % (12-44,9) alta. No se observó asociación entre debilidad y vulnerabilidad social, con p=0,927. Entre las personas mayores de 80 años o más, prevalecieron los débiles en las tres categorías de vulnerabilidad (baja 59,7 %; mediana 57,5% y alta 56%), p=0,788. Conclusión La hospitalización y el delirium se asociaron a mujeres más jóvenes, predébiles y con vulnerabilidad social baja y mediana. La condición de debilidad no se correlacionó con la vulnerabilidad social. Se resalta la necesidad de una mejor comprensión de los factores biopsicosociales que pueden aumentar el delirium en personas mayores hospitalizadas con vulnerabilidad social baja. Brasil recopilación sociodemográfico Method inferencial 30 evaluadas 594 59 4 59, 409 40 9 40, 8 926 92 6 92, morbilidades 64,8 648 64 (64, IC IC9 55,972,7 559727 55,9 72,7 55 72 7 55,9-72, 53,271,8, 532718 53,2 71,8, 53 2 71 53,2-71,8 respectivamente p=0,0262. p00262 p p=0,0262 . 0 0262 p=0,0262) 295 29 5 29, (IC9 22,338,4 223384 22,3 38,4 22 3 38 22,3-38,4 1 10,925,5 109255 10,9 25,5 10 (10,9-25,5 145 14 14, 8,623,9 86239 8,6 23,9 23 (8,6-23,9 p00151 0151 p=0,0151 p0235 235 p=0,235 443 44 44, 32,556,7 325567 32,5 56,7 32 56 (32,5-56,7 22,150,5 221505 22,1 50,5 50 (22,1-50,5 1244,9 12449 12 44,9 (12-44,9 p0927 927 p=0,927 597 575 57 57,5 56%, 56% , 56%) p0788 788 p=0,788 jóvenes 64, (64 972 55,972, 55972 559 55, 727 72, 55,9-72 271 53,271,8 53271 532 53, 718 71,8 53,2-71, p0026 p=0,026 026 (IC 338 22,338, 22338 223 22, 384 38, 22,3-38, 925 10,925, 10925 109 10, 255 25, (10,9-25, 623 8,623, 8623 86 8, 239 23, (8,6-23, p0015 015 p=0,015 p023 p=0,23 556 32,556, 32556 325 32, 567 56, (32,5-56, 150 22,150, 22150 221 505 50, (22,1-50, 1244 1244, 449 (12-44, p092 p=0,92 57, p078 78 p=0,78 (6 97 55,972 5597 55,9-7 27 53,271, 5327 71, 53,2-71 p002 p=0,02 02 33 22,338 2233 22,3-38 10,925 1092 (10,9-25 62 8,623 862 (8,6-23 p001 01 p=0,01 p02 p=0,2 32,556 3255 (32,5-56 15 22,150 2215 (22,1-50 124 (12-44 p09 p=0,9 p07 p=0,7 ( 55,97 55,9- 53,271 53,2-7 p00 p=0,0 22,33 22,3-3 10,92 (10,9-2 8,62 (8,6-2 p0 p=0, 32,55 (32,5-5 22,15 (22,1-5 (12-4 53,27 53,2- 22,3- (10,9- (8,6- p=0 (32,5- (22,1- (12- (10,9 (8,6 p= (32,5 (22,1 (12 (10, (8, (32, (22, (1 (10 (8 (32 (22 (3 (2

Abstract Objective To analyze the relationship between the social vulnerability index and physical frailty condition and delirium in hospitalized older adults. Methods Cross-sectional analytical study of older adults developed in a hospital in southern Brazil. The collection instruments used were a sociodemographic questionnaire, the social vulnerability index, physical frailty phenotype markers and the Confusion Assessment Method. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results Of the 305 older adults evaluated, 59.4% were female, 40.9% were aged over 80 years and 92.6% had morbidities. There was an association between hospitalization and female sex with low and medium vulnerability (64.8%; 95%CI 55.9-72.7 and 63%; 95%CI 53.2-71.8, respectively, with p=0.0262) . Delirium was observed in 29.5% (95%CI 22.3-38.4) of older adults over 60 years of age with low vulnerability, 17% (10.9-25.5) medium, 14.5% ( 8.6-23.9) high, with p=0.0151. There was no association between delirium and the vulnerability index in older adults aged over 80 years, with p=0.235. Delirium affected 44.3% (32.5-56.7) of older adults with low vulnerability, 35% (22.1-50.5) with medium and 25% (12-44.9) high. There was no association between frailty and social vulnerability, with p=0.927. Among older adults aged 80 years or over, frail people prevailed in the three vulnerability strata (low 59.7%; medium 57.5% and high 56%), p=0.788. Conclusion Hospitalization and delirium were associated with younger, pre-frail women from low and medium social vulnerability. The condition of frailty did not correlate with social vulnerability. The need to better understand the biopsychosocial factors that can increase delirium in hospitalized older adults with low social vulnerability is highlighted. Crosssectional Cross sectional Brazil questionnaire Method 30 evaluated 594 59 4 59.4 409 40 9 40.9 8 926 92 6 92.6 morbidities 64.8% 648 64 (64.8% 95CI CI 95 55.972.7 559727 55.9 72.7 55 72 7 55.9-72. 63% 63 53.271.8, 532718 53.2 71.8, 53 2 71 53.2-71.8 respectively p=0.0262 p00262 p 0 0262 295 29 5 29.5 22.338.4 223384 22.3 38.4 22 3 38 22.3-38.4 17 10.925.5 109255 10.9 25.5 10 25 (10.9-25.5 145 14 14.5 8.623.9 86239 8.6 23.9 23 8.6-23.9 p00151 0151 p=0.0151 p0235 235 p=0.235 443 44 44.3 32.556.7 325567 32.5 56.7 32 56 (32.5-56.7 35 22.150.5 221505 22.1 50.5 1 50 (22.1-50.5 1244.9 12449 12 44.9 (12-44.9 p0927 927 p=0.927 59.7% 597 575 57 57.5 56%, 56% , 56%) p0788 788 p=0.788 younger prefrail pre highlighted 59. 40. 92. 64.8 (64.8 972 55.972. 55972 559 55. 727 72. 55.9-72 271 53.271.8 53271 532 53. 718 71.8 53.2-71. p=0.026 p0026 026 29. 338 22.338. 22338 223 22. 384 38. 22.3-38. 925 10.925. 10925 109 10. 255 25. (10.9-25. 14. 623 8.623. 8623 86 8. 239 23. 8.6-23. p0015 015 p=0.015 p023 p=0.23 44. 556 32.556. 32556 325 32. 567 56. (32.5-56. 150 22.150. 22150 221 505 50. (22.1-50. 1244 1244. 449 (12-44. p092 p=0.92 59.7 57. p078 78 p=0.78 64. (64. 97 55.972 5597 55.9-7 27 53.271. 5327 71. 53.2-71 p=0.02 p002 02 33 22.338 2233 22.3-38 10.925 1092 (10.9-25 62 8.623 862 8.6-23 p001 01 p=0.01 p02 p=0.2 32.556 3255 (32.5-56 15 22.150 2215 (22.1-50 124 (12-44 p09 p=0.9 p07 p=0.7 (64 55.97 55.9- 53.271 53.2-7 p=0.0 p00 22.33 22.3-3 10.92 (10.9-2 8.62 8.6-2 p0 p=0. 32.55 (32.5-5 22.15 (22.1-5 (12-4 (6 53.27 53.2- 22.3- (10.9- 8.6- p=0 (32.5- (22.1- (12- (10.9 p= (32.5 (22.1 (12 (10. (32. (22. (1 (10 (32 (22 (3 (2

Resumo Objetivo Analisar a relação entre o índice de vulnerabilidade social e condição de fragilidade física e o delirium em idosos hospitalizados. Métodos Estudo transversal e analítico desenvolvido com idosos em um hospital no Sul do Brasil. Foram empregados os instrumentos de coleta questionário sociodemográfico, índice de vulnerabilidade social, marcadores do fenótipo de fragilidade física e Confusion Assessement Method. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultados Dos 305 idosos avaliados, 59,4% eram do sexo feminino, 40,9% com idade superior a 80 anos e 92,6% com morbidades. Houve associação entre hospitalização e sexo feminino com baixa e média vulnerabilidade (64,8%; IC95% 55,9-72,7 e 63%; IC95% 53,2-71,8, respectivamente, com p=0,0262). O delirium foi observado em 29,5% (IC95% 22,3-38,4) dos idosos com idade superior a 60 anos com baixa vulnerabilidade, 17% (10,9-25,5) média, 14,5% (8,6-23,9) alta, com p=0,0151. Acima de 80 anos, não se observou associação entre delirium e o índice de vulnerabilidade, com p=0,235. A ocorrência de delirium atingiu 44,3% (32,5-56,7) idosos com baixa vulnerabilidade, 35% (22,1-50,5) média e 25% (12-44,9) alta. Não houve associação entre fragilidade e vulnerabilidade social, com p=0,927. Em idosos com 80 anos ou mais, prevaleceram os frágeis nos três estratos de vulnerabilidade (baixa 59,7%; média 57,5% e alta 56%), p=0,788. Conclusão A hospitalização e o delirium se associaram a mulheres mais jovens, pré-frágeis e provenientes de baixa e média vulnerabilidade social. A condição de fragilidade não se correlacionou à vulnerabilidade social. Destaca-se a necessidade de melhor compreensão dos fatores biopsicossociais que podem aumentar o delirium em idosos hospitalizados com baixa vulnerabilidade social. Brasil sociodemográfico Method Utilizouse Utilizou inferencial 30 avaliados 594 59 4 59,4 409 40 9 40,9 8 926 92 6 92,6 morbidades 64,8% 648 64 (64,8% IC95 IC 55,972,7 559727 55,9 72,7 55 72 7 55,9-72, 63% 63 53,271,8, 532718 53,2 71,8, 53 2 71 53,2-71,8 respectivamente p=0,0262. p00262 p p=0,0262 . 0 0262 p=0,0262) 295 29 5 29,5 (IC95 22,338,4 223384 22,3 38,4 22 3 38 22,3-38,4 17 10,925,5 109255 10,9 25,5 10 25 (10,9-25,5 145 14 14,5 8,623,9 86239 8,6 23,9 23 (8,6-23,9 p00151 0151 p=0,0151 p0235 235 p=0,235 443 44 44,3 32,556,7 325567 32,5 56,7 32 56 (32,5-56,7 35 22,150,5 221505 22,1 50,5 1 50 (22,1-50,5 1244,9 12449 12 44,9 (12-44,9 p0927 927 p=0,927 59,7% 597 575 57 57,5 56%, 56% , 56%) p0788 788 p=0,788 jovens préfrágeis pré Destacase Destaca 59, 40, 92, 64,8 (64,8 IC9 972 55,972, 55972 559 55, 727 72, 55,9-72 271 53,271,8 53271 532 53, 718 71,8 53,2-71, p0026 p=0,026 026 29, (IC9 338 22,338, 22338 223 22, 384 38, 22,3-38, 925 10,925, 10925 109 10, 255 25, (10,9-25, 14, 623 8,623, 8623 86 8, 239 23, (8,6-23, p0015 015 p=0,015 p023 p=0,23 44, 556 32,556, 32556 325 32, 567 56, (32,5-56, 150 22,150, 22150 221 505 50, (22,1-50, 1244 1244, 449 (12-44, p092 p=0,92 59,7 57, p078 78 p=0,78 64, (64, 97 55,972 5597 55,9-7 27 53,271, 5327 71, 53,2-71 p002 p=0,02 02 (IC 33 22,338 2233 22,3-38 10,925 1092 (10,9-25 62 8,623 862 (8,6-23 p001 01 p=0,01 p02 p=0,2 32,556 3255 (32,5-56 15 22,150 2215 (22,1-50 124 (12-44 p09 p=0,9 p07 p=0,7 (64 55,97 55,9- 53,271 53,2-7 p00 p=0,0 22,33 22,3-3 10,92 (10,9-2 8,62 (8,6-2 p0 p=0, 32,55 (32,5-5 22,15 (22,1-5 (12-4 (6 53,27 53,2- 22,3- (10,9- (8,6- p=0 (32,5- (22,1- (12- ( (10,9 (8,6 p= (32,5 (22,1 (12 (10, (8, (32, (22, (1 (10 (8 (32 (22 (3 (2

Abstract Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen has theorized that narrative does not involve rational content. Rather, he suggested, narrative is only a descriptive practice consisting of singular statements. Kuukkanen thus divorced the rational and narrative frameworks, arguing that historiography belongs to the former and not the latter. This article establishes a new conceptual framework that provides a revised understanding of narrative as a rational practice. I argue that the principles of organization brought to light by the Gestalt school of experimental psychology illuminate the underlying organizational logic that historians engage with when constructing narratives. To illustrate how these principles operate in historical narratives and how they are rational, I examine classic historical works such as Karl Marx’s introduction of the concept of surplus value; Giambattista Vico’s Autobiography and Jacob Burckhardt’s The Civilization of the Renaissance; Reinhart Koselleck’s Futures Past; and E. P. Thompson’s The Making of the English Working Class and Johan Huizinga’s Waning of the Middle Ages. My analysis shows that narrative entails its own kind of explanatory structure. It is a way of thinking that provides meaning and structure to that which is otherwise unstructured and undetermined. Finally, my new framework offers a foundation for the rational evaluation of narratives by showing how the context of discovery and the context of justification cannot be separated in the case of narrative histories.

Resumen Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen ha teorizado que las narrativas no involucran un tipo de actividad racional, en cambio, parecieran ser sólo una práctica descriptiva que consiste en afirmaciones singulares. Es así que Kuukkanen separa el marco racional del narrativo, argumentando que la historiografía pertenece al primero y no al segundo. Este artículo establece un nuevo marco conceptual que proporciona una comprensión revisada de la narrativa como práctica racional. Sostengo que los principios de organización sacados a la luz por la escuela de psicología experimental de la Gestalt iluminan la lógica organizacional subyacente con la que se involucran los historiadores cuando construyen narrativas. Para ilustrar cómo operan estos principios en las narrativas históricas y cómo son racionales, examino obras históricas clásicas como la introducción del concepto de plusvalía de Karl Marx; la Autobiografía de Giambattista Vico y La civilización del Renacimiento en Italia de Jacob Burckhardt; Futuro Pasado de Reinhart Koselleck; y La formación de la clase obrera en Inglaterra de E.P Thompson y El Otoño de la Edad Media de Johan Huizinga. Mi análisis muestra que la narrativa implica su propio tipo de estructura explicativa ya que es una forma de pensar que proporciona significado y estructura a lo que de otro modo está desestructurado y es indeterminado. Finalmente, mi nuevo marco ofrece una base para la evaluación racional de las narrativas al mostrar cómo el contexto de descubrimiento y el contexto de justificación no pueden separarse en el caso de las historias narrativas.

Resumen. Los datos de campo obtenidos de los inventarios forestales, principalmente área basal y densidad de fustes, son relevantes para el análisis de la biomasa aérea y la fragmentación forestal. Debido al suelo inundado, el trabajo de campo en los bosques de manglar requiere mucho tiempo y es complicado. Dado que los manglares son sensibles a los efectos del cambio climático, la selección de un método de campo ideal es de suma importancia. Con este fin, analizamos 4 clases de manglares: Rhizophora mangle (RM), Laguncularia racemosa (LR), Avicennia germinans (AG) y AG arbustivo. Georreferenciamos y contamos todos los fustes de mangle dentro de 4 parcelas cuadradas de 0.04 ha (20 × 20 m). Analizamos 3 áreas circulares y el método del punto cuadrante central (PCQM) basado en las parcelas cuadradas originales. Dependiendo de la clase de mangle, el PCQM sobreestimó el área basal hasta en un 34% y la densidad de fustes en un 21%. Los 3 muestreos en parcelas circulares subestimaron el área basal entre -1% y -29% y la densidad de fustes entre -3% y -25%. Basándonos en los resultados, sugerimos utilizar una parcela circular de 0.04 ha (r = 11.28 m) en bosques menos densos (RM y AG) y una parcela circular de 0.015 ha (r = 6.9 m) en densidades superiores a 3,500 fustes/ha (LR y AG arbustivo). Las ventajas de utilizar las parcelas circulares sobre el método PCQM son que los inventarios de mangle pueden cuantificarse rápidamente y no requieren un número mínimo de puntos de muestreo.

Abstract. The data obtained from field-based forest inventories, mainly basal area and stem density, are relevant for the analysis of aboveground biomass and forest fragmentation. Due to its persistently flooded ground, fieldwork in mangrove forests is time-consuming and complicated. Since mangroves are sensitive to the effects of climate change, selecting a reliable field method is of utmost importance. To this end, we analyzed 4 mangrove classes: Rhizophora mangle (RM), Laguncularia racemosa (LR), Avicennia germinans (AG), and AG shrub. We georeferenced and counted all mangrove stems within four 0.04 ha (20 × 20 m square). We analyzed data from 3 circular area plots and the plotless point-centered quarter method (PCQM) based on the original square plots. Depending on the mangrove class, PCQM overestimated basal area by up to 34% and stem density by 21%. The 3 circular plot surveys underestimated basal area from -1% to -29% and stem density from -3 to -25%. Based on the results, we suggest using a circular plot of 0.04 ha (r = 11.28 m) in less dense forests (RM and AG) and a circular plot of 0.015 ha (r = 6.9 m) with forest densities greater than 3,500 stems/ha (LR and AG shrub). The advantages of using the circular plot approach over PCQM are that mangrove inventories can be quantified quickly and do not require a minimum number of sampling points.

ABSTRACT: Argentine actor Ricardo Darín is the one who attracts the largest audiences in each of the films he stars in. He occupies a very important symbolic place within the national star system, and even in the country’s public arena. In this article, I go back to his television career to explain how, in his long career, there were two key products that helped to consolidate his persona, and at the same time allowed him to turn it around: the sitcom Mi cuñado (Carlos Berterreix, 1993-1996) and the feature film Nueve reinas (Fabián Bielinsky, 1999). I propose that his star text was shaped by the tension between the stereotype of the chanta (the rogue) -of long tradition and popularity in Argentine arts- and the measured middle-class young man. The qualitative leap between the two occurred between the peak of his television popularity and his consolidation as a film star of international scope.

RESUMEN: Ricardo Darín es el actor argentino que consigue mayor convocatoria de público en cada una de las películas que protagoniza. Ocupa un lugar simbólico muy importante dentro del sistema de estrellas del cine nacional, e incluso en la arena pública del país. En este artículo me remonto a su carrera televisiva para explicar cómo, en su extensa trayectoria, hubo dos productos clave que colaboraron en la consolidación de su imagen, a la vez que permitieron virarlo: la telecomedia Mi cuñado (Carlos Berterreix, 1993-1996) y el largometraje Nueve reinas (Fabián Bielinsky, 1999). Propongo que su texto estrella se conformó en la tensión entre el estereotipo del chanta (el pícaro) -de larga tradición y popularidad en las artes argentinas-, y el joven mesurado de clase media. El salto cualitativo entre uno y otro se produjo entre el summum de su popularidad televisiva y su consolidación como una estrella cinematográfica de alcance internacional.

Abstract The main theories about the decomposition of lexical verbs in semantics or syntax differentiate at least a change component and a causative component controlled by the subject. If both components are autonomous, it is expected that there are intentional verbs without an outcome that function as lexical verbs –not as auxiliaries–. This article argues that, indeed, there exists a well-defined class of non-auxiliary verbs that lack an outcome but semantically entail that an agent acts with the intention of achieving it. This work describes their properties in detail and discusses their theoretical implications for the notion of the 'causative component'.

Resumen Las principales teorías sobre la descomposición de los verbos léxicos en semántica o sintaxis diferencian al menos un componente de cambio y un componente causativo, controlado por el sujeto. Si ambos componentes son autónomos, se espera que haya verbos de intención sin resultado que actúen como verbos léxicos –no como auxiliares–. Este trabajo argumenta que, efectivamente, existe una clase bien definida de verbos no auxiliares que carecen de un resultado pero entrañan semánticamente que un agente actúa con la intención de obtenerlo. El estudio describe en detalle sus propiedades y discute sus consecuencias teóricas para la noción de 'componente causativo'.

Abstract (Objective) This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of essential oil (EO) from diverse chemotypes of Lippia graveolens against oxytetracycline-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila, which primarily affects the tilapia aquaculture (O. niloticus) in Guatemala. (Methodology) L. graveolens were collected in three departments in Guatemala. The EO was obtained by hydrodistillation and characterized using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Subsequently, an antimicrobial assay was conducted using disk and dilution susceptibility tests and evaluation of synergistic interactions among the chemotypes. Each test was performed in triplicate. (Results) The analysis revealed the presence of twenty-seven compounds in the EO obtained from the chemotypes, with the main class being monoterpenes. The major constituents identified were cis-Dihydro-β-terpineol (8.84%) in chemotype I, carvacrol (51.82%) in chemotype II, and thymol (79.62%) in chemotype III. All EO chemotypes of L. graveolens demonstrated the ability to inhibit the A. hydrophila growth. Thymol chemotype exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against bacterial growth, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 92.4 µg/mL and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 184.8 µg/mL. Furthermore, the results suggest that there is no synergistic or additive effect when combining different chemotypes of L. graveolens. (Conclusions) This is the first report of L. graveolens chemotypes exhibiting antimicrobial activity against oxytetracycline-resistant A. hydrophila. The findings suggest that the chemotype thymol could be a potential treatment for infections in the tilapia aquaculture in Guatemala.

Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la eficiencia antimicrobiana del aceite esencial de diversos quimiotipos de Lippia graveolens contra la cepa Aeromonas hydrophila resistente a la oxitetraciclina, la cual afecta principalmente a la acuicultura de tilapia (O. niloticus) en Guatemala. (Metodología) L. graveolens se colectó en tres departamentos de Guatemala, los aceites esenciales (AE) se obtuvieron mediante hidrodestilación y se caracterizaron mediante cromatografía de gases y espectrometría de masas (GC/MS). Posteriormente, se realizó un ensayo antimicrobiano utilizando pruebas de susceptibilidad en disco y dilución, y se evaluaron las interacciones sinérgicas entre los diferentes quimiotipos. Cada prueba se repitió res veces. (Resultados) El análisis evidenció la presencia de veintisiete compuestos en los AE obtenidos de los quimiotipos, siendo los monoterpenos la clase principal. Los principales constituyentes identificados fueron cis-dihidro-β-terpineol (8.84 %) en el quimiotipo I, carvacrol (51.82 %) en el quimiotipo II y timol (79.62 %) en el quimiotipo III. Todos los AE de los diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens demostraron capacidad para inhibir el crecimiento de A. hydrophila. En particular, el quimiotipo timol obtuvo el efecto inhibitorio más fuerte contra el crecimiento bacteriano, con una concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI) de 92.4 µg/mL y una concentración mínima bactericida (B) de 184.8 µg/mL. Los resultados sugieren que no existe un efecto sinérgico o aditivo al combinar los diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens. (Conclusiones) Este estudio constituye el primer reporte sobre la actividad antimicrobiana de los diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens contra A. hydrophila resistente a la oxitetraciclina. Los hallazgos sugieren que el quimiotipo timol podría ser un tratamiento potencial para las infecciones en la acuicultura de tilapia en Guatemala.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de vários quimiotipos de Lippia graveolens contra a cepa Aeromonas hydrophila resistente à oxitetraciclina, que afeta principalmente a aquicultura de tilápia (O. niloticus) na Guatemala. (Metodologia) A L. graveolens foi coletada em três setores da Guatemala, os óleos essenciais (OE) foram obtidos por hidrodestilação e caracterizados por cromatografia a gás acoplada à espectrometria de massas (GC/MS). Posteriormente, foi realizado um ensaio antimicrobianos por meio de testes de suscetibilidade de disco e diluição, e foram avaliadas as interações sinérgicas entre os diferentes quimiotipos. Cada teste foi repetido três vezes. (Resultados) A análise revelou a presença de vinte e sete compostos nos OEs obtidos dos quimiotipos, sendo os monoterpenos a classe principal. Os principais constituintes identificados foram cis-di-hidro-β- terpineol (8,84%) no quimiotipo I, carvacrol (51,82%) no quimiotipo II e timol (79,62%) no quimiotipo III. Todos os OEs dos diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens mostraram a capacidade de inibir o crescimento de A. hydrophila. Em particular, o quimiotipo timol obteve o efeito inibitório mais forte contra o crescimento bacteriano, com uma concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) de 92,4 μg/mL e uma concentração bactericida mínima (CBM) de 184,8 μg/mL. Os resultados sugerem que não há efeito sinérgico ou aditivo ao combinar os diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens. (Conclusões) Este estudo é o primeiro relatório sobre a atividade antimicrobiana dos diferentes quimiotipos de L. graveolens contra A. hydrophila resistente à oxitetraciclina. Os resultados sugerem que o quimiotipo timol pode ser um tratamento em potencial para infecções na aquicultura de tilápia na Guatemala.

Abstract. Drawing on testimonies about migratory labor, kinship, and organization experiences of Kichwa women from Cotacachi, Ecuador, I examine the social processes that facilitated the expulsion of girls for domestic work and the establishment of support networks. I rely on the childhood memories of these women, who were between 8 and 14 years old during the agrarian reforms of 1964 and 1973. The findings demonstrate how these women’s migration experiences to Quito were organized, marked not only by the domination and inequality of child domestic labor but also by horizontal care networks centered on work and friendship. The value of this text lies in its approach to the migratory experience from various realities of working childhood, in contexts of domination marked by racial, generational, and class inequalities, but also in situations of alliances and care.

Resumen. A partir de testimonios sobre experiencias laborales migratorias, de parentesco y de organización de mujeres kichwas de Cotacachi, Ecuador, examino los procesos sociales que facilitaron la expulsión de niñas para el trabajo doméstico y el establecimiento de redes de contención. Me baso en las memorias infantiles de estas mujeres, que durante las reformas agrarias de 1964 y 1973 tenían entre 8 y 14 años. Los hallazgos demuestran cómo se organizaron las experiencias de migración de estas mujeres hacia Quito, marcadas no sólo por la dominación y desigualdad del trabajo infantil doméstico, sino también por redes horizontales de cuidado centradas en el trabajo y la amistad. El valor de este texto radica en que nos acerca a la experiencia migratoria desde diversas realidades de la infancia trabajadora, en contextos de dominación caracterizados por desigualdades de raza, generación y clase, pero también en situaciones de alianzas y cuidados.