Abstract Only within the last decade, the works of Uruguay an Engineer Eladio Dieste (1917-2000) have been gaining international academic dissemination, one of whose main contributions in the realm of formal-structural conception within architecture and civil engineering reside in the iterative development of the structural typology of the gaussian vault shells in reinforced brickwork. However, there is not an established definition for this typology’s architectural geometry. Also, there is hardly any evidence of how such shells were designed. Therefore, the main objective, of this paper is to demonstrate the underlying geometric relationships in the discontinuous gaussian vault shells designed and built by Eladio Dieste in reinforced brickwork, the dominant typological variation within the object of study. This analysis was carried out by means of the parametric modeling and the polynomial regression of selected case studies from the primary sources, since such computational tools allow for the proper geometrical management of formally complex geometries. The expected contributions of this study reside in the deepening of the understanding of the relationship between the design process and the geometry of the object of study, as well as the understanding of the geometrical conformation of the structural typology conceived by Eladio Dieste. decade 19172000 1917 2000 (1917-2000 dissemination formalstructural formal brickwork However typologys s Also Therefore objective sources geometries 1917200 191 200 (1917-200 191720 19 20 (1917-20 19172 1 2 (1917-2 (1917- (1917 (191 (19 (1 (

Resumo Apenas na última década, a obra do engenheiro Uruguaio Eladio Dieste (1917-2000) vem ganhando disseminação acadêmica internacional, sendo que uma de suas principais contribuições para a concepção formal-estrutural na arquitetura e engenharia civil foi o desenvolvimento iterativo da tipologia estrutural das abóbadas gaussianas, cascas de dupla-curvatura estruturadas em cerâmica armada. Entretanto, não há registros de uma definição estabelecida para a geometria arquitetônica destas tipologias estruturais. Tampouco existem evidências concretas acerca da concepção e desenvolvimento projetual destas estruturas. Por conseguinte, o objetivo deste artigo é evidenciar as relações geométricas subjacentes nas abóbadas guassianas descontínuas projetadas e construídas por Eladio Dieste em cerâmica armada, a variação dominante desta tipologia estrutural. Esta análise foi conduzida através da modelagem paramétrica e da regressão polinomial de estudos de caso selecionados a partir de fontes primárias originais, justamente por estas ferramentas computacionais permitirem o correto manejo de geometrias tidas como formalmente complexas. A contribuição esperada para esta pesquisa reside em aprofundar o entendimento entre a relação do processo de projeto e a geometria resultante no objeto de estudo, assim como o entendimento da conformação geométrica desta tipologia estrutural desenvolvida por Eladio Dieste. década 19172000 1917 2000 (1917-2000 internacional formalestrutural formal gaussianas duplacurvatura dupla curvatura armada Entretanto estruturais estruturas conseguinte originais complexas estudo 1917200 191 200 (1917-200 191720 19 20 (1917-20 19172 1 2 (1917-2 (1917- (1917 (191 (19 (1 (

Resumo: O avanço da tecnologia da informação tem levado ao aumento do uso da estatística como uma ferramenta de análise de dados em diversas áreas acadêmicas. A estatística tornouse um requisito essencial em qualquer programa de estudo, devido à variedade de aplicações na indústria e na investigação. Portanto, os programas educativos no ensino superior precisam formar graduados que possuam conhecimentos estatísticos teóricos e aplicados. Existem diferentes ferramentas tecnológicas estatísticas, cada uma com as suas próprias vantagens e desvantagens para análise de dados. Porém, neste trabalho o software estatístico Jamovi foi considerado por ser um recurso tecnológico versátil, gratuito e de código aberto. Com base no exposto, este artigo estuda o impacto da integração do software Jamovi no ensino de estatística na área de Engenharia Civil. A população do estudo foi de 40 estudantes do Mestrado em Planejamento Físico de Obras Civis da Universidade Estadual do Sul de Manabí, durante os meses de novembro a dezembro de 2023. A metodologia aplicada foi observacional analítica com design quantitativo, para esse fim técnicas estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais fo ram utilizadas. Os resultados mostraram um desempenho superior das pessoas que utilizaram o Jamovi em comparação aos que utilizaram o MS Excel. Isto foi corroborado por meio de análises descritivas e testes de hipóteses. De acordo com os resultados concluiuse que Jamovi facilitou o processo de ensino e aprendizagem de estatística na Engenharia Civil.

Resumen. El avance de la tecnología de la información ha llevado a un aumento en el empleo de la estadística como una herramienta para analizar datos en diversas áreas académicas. La estadística se ha convertido en un requisito primordial en cualquier programa de estudio, debido a la variedad de aplicaciones en la industria y la investigación. Por consiguiente, los programas educativos en la educación superior necesitan formar graduados que posean conocimientos estadísticos teóricos y aplicados. Existen diferentes herramientas tecnológicas esta dísticas, cada una con sus propias ventajas y desventajas para el análisis de datos. Sin embargo, en este trabajo se ha considerado el software estadístico Jamovi por ser un recurso tecnológico versátil, gratuito y de código abierto. A raíz de lo expuesto, este artículo estudia el impacto de la integración del software Jamovi en la enseñanza de la estadística en el área de la Ingeniería Civil. La población de estudio fue de 40 estudiantes de la Maestría en Planificación Física de Obras Civiles de la Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, durante los meses de noviembre a diciembre de 2023. La metodología aplicada fue observacional analítica con un diseño cuantitativo, para ello se emplearon técnicas estadísticas descriptivas e inferenciales. Los resultados mostraron un rendimiento superior de las personas estudiantes que utilizaron Jamovi en comparación con quienes emplearon Excel. Esto se corroboró mediante análisis descriptivos y pruebas de hipótesis. De acuerdo con los resultados, se pudo concluir que Jamovi facilitó el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje de la estadística en la Ingeniería Civil.

Abstract: Advances in information technology have led to an increased use of statistics as a tool for analyzing data in various academic fields. Statistics has become a primary requirement in any curriculum because of its wide range of applications in the industry and for research purposes. Higher education programs therefore need to prepare graduates with both theoretical and applied statistical knowledge. There are several statistical technology tools for data analysis, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. This article examines Jamovi, a statistical software that is versatile, free and open source, and the impact of this tool on the teaching of statistics for civil engineering. The study involved 40 students of the Masters in Physical Planning of Civil Works of the Universidad Estatal del Sur de Manabí, and was carried out during the months of November to December 2023. The study applied an analytical observational methodology with a quantitative design, using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The results showed a better performance of the students who used Jamovi com pared to those who used MS Excel. This was supported by descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing. The results led to the conclusion that Jamovi facilitated the teaching and learning process of statistics in civil engineering.

Abstract: The main objective of the present study is to assess the processes and changes on quality of life, social equity, and transformations due to the actions of students with engineering projects and their considerations. The methodology conducted for a period of eight years is based on interviews, observation grids, and field diaries with first, sixth, and tenth semester civil engineering students from three universities. The results show changes in students and monitors for the variables assessed, especially in growth knowledge build-up due to the considerations examined for both professional and in human competencies. Based on these processes, it is concluded that training with projects is relevant for learning in civil engineering and for improving the quality of life of professional environments.

Resumen: El principal objetivo del presente estudio es observar los procesos y los cambios en la calidad de vida, la equidad social y las trasformaciones por las acciones de los estudiantes con proyectos de ingeniería y sus reflexiones. La metodología aplicada por un periodo de ocho años se basa en entrevistas, rejillas de observación y diarios de campo con estudiantes de ingeniería civil de primero, sexto y décimo semestre de tres universidades. Los resultados muestran cambios efectuados en estudiantes y monitores en las variables descritas, especialmente en el crecimiento en la construcción de conocimiento por las reflexiones consideradas tanto en lo disciplinar como en competencias humanas. Con base en estos procesos, se concluye que la formación con proyectos es relevante para el aprendizaje en ingeniería civil y para mejorar la calidad de vida de los entornos de los profesionales.

Replacing traditional stirrups with high-strength rectangular spiral stirrups can improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns. In order to study the seismic performance of high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete columns, a validated finite element (FE) method was proposed to establish the FE model of reinforced concrete columns. Combined with the measured data of two existing specimens, parameter analysis was conducted on 19 specimens. The axial compression ratio, shear span ratio, stirrup spacing, and stirrup diameter were variable parameters. Based on a reliable model, internal stress analysis was conducted, and the influence of different variables on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns was revealed. The FE results suggest that, when the axial compression ratio is not greater than 0.6, the requirement of ductility greater than 3 in the Chinese Standard GB 50011-2010 can be met. The recommended shear span ratio for optimal ductility was around 4.5. The reinforcement ratio of high-strength spiral stirrups ranges from 1.0% to 2.2%. After completing the simulation of nearly 100 specimens (only calculating the ductility coefficient), a matching relationship between the axial compression ratio limit and the shear span ratio was proposed.

Precast concrete products are load-tested to confirm compliance, but the workability of the concrete, being generally zero-slump concrete, is often not tested for quality control, as would be done with normal- or high-slump concrete. An industry practice in South Africa uses the percussive action of a rotary percussion drill to compact control cube samples. However, variability in specimen compaction leads to variations in the density and compressive strength results, making the procedure unreliable. This indicates a need for a simple, standardised quality control method for preparing zero-slump concrete cube samples with compaction equivalent to that achieved by precast machines. This technical note aims to (i) report on a practical and economical procedure (i.e. percussion-drill method) that has been formulated for quality control based on the concrete density achieved by precast machines, and (ii) apply this method to mix optimisation with the specific objective of partial replacement of the cement in a factory mix with a suitable fine filler to reduce cost and the carbon footprint of a precast facility. It was shown that the percussion-drill method was able to obtain reliable results (density, compressive strength) for quality control purposes and was successfully employed in the replacement of 17% to 32% of cement by volume with quartz flour in a factory mix. This resulted in a significant cost saving and a reduction in nett carbon emissions at the factory.

The Brumadinho tailings dam failure in 2019 has had a profound impact on the way tailings engineers analyse and interpret stability, with the focus of assessments moving away from conventional drained behaviour to consideration of undrained and post-liquefaction resistance. One of the contributing reasons is that the Expert Panel investigation of the failure concluded that, despite the drained factor of safety being adequate, the failure took place in an undrained manner. This paper examines the Brumadinho failure from a conventional drained perspective using two-dimensional limit equilibrium and finite difference modelling. Collectively, these analyses show that the failure can also be explained by a drained triggering mechanism and therefore suggest that several additional lessons may be learnt from the failure.

A Performance Grade (PG) Bitumen Specification, SATS-3208 (SATS 2019), was developed in South Africa during the period up to 2019. Since that time a period of implementation has begun on selected projects in South Africa. The implementation activities have included testing of data in accordance with the final anticipated standards. Formulation of a national standard is in the final stages and is expected to be published towards the end of 2024. The PG grade is specified using a high temperature number and a minimum temperature number that indicate the climate range within which a bitumen would be expected to perform. For example, a PG64-22 has a high temperature of 64°C and a minimum temperature of -22°C, from which intermediate and low operating temperatures are derived. A material meeting this grade will always have a performance range which is, ideally, just bigger than the specification grade and this is typically referenced as the continuous grade. A further definition is the difference between the two continuous grade numbers, referenced as the "Useful Temperature Interval" or UTI. As part of this implementation, it is required to determine the continuous grade for bitumen, including for modified binders, to ensure compliance with the specification. The UTI must be equal to or greater than 80°C. This technical note has been developed to demonstrate correct procedure to determine the continuous grade and UTI.

A low-level river crossing is an economic means of providing access for lower-order roads during high-frequency flood events. Conventionally, culverts are employed to enable the flow to traverse the road, albeit with allowance for overtopping. This overtopping flow from the approach roads, however, possesses the potential to cause erosion of the downstream embankment, thereby jeopardising the foundational integrity of the structure. A physical modelling study was undertaken to investigate the hydraulic performance of stepped chutes in terms of flow patterns, air-water flow properties, and energy dissipation. Various types of stepped chutes were investigated, namely horizontal steps with a chute wall, horizontal steps without a chute wall but with riprap placed directly downstream of each chute, step-inclined steps (backward sloping), steps with pooled cascades, and steps with baffle blocks. Notably, chutes with horizontal steps were the most efficient configuration in terms of relative energy dissipation. Furthermore, this research culminated in the formulation of a new regression formula to establish a quantifiable relationship between the required step length and the overflow depth and discharge, thereby offering a valuable tool for design purposes.

Abstract The accurate simulation of wind flow in the atmospheric boundary layer in a wind tunnel is crucial for various engineering applications, spanning fields such as civil and environmental engineering. With the aim of investigating and characterizing the behavior and impact of wind on scaled models of civil structures in the Wind Tunnel of the School of Civil Engineering at the University of Valle, the main objective is to determine the appropriate distribution of turbulence-generating devices to replicate specific velocity profiles required for rural, suburban, and urban exposure types that describe the atmospheric boundary layer. This study is based on reproducing three velocity profiles, representative of urban, suburban, and rural exposures, at a 1:200 scale. To achieve this, full-scale Irwin vortex generators, a castellated barrier, and Counihan and Gartshore roughness elements were implemented. Velocity measurements in the wind tunnel test section were conducted using a hot-wire anemometry system and Pitot tubes. Experimental results obtained by simulating velocity profiles demonstrated an acceptable correspondence with theoretical profiles established in the NSR-10 design code. This study contributes to the advancement in understanding and replicating velocity profiles in the context of simulating the atmospheric boundary layer in wind tunnels in Colombia, supporting key applications in the field of engineering.

Resumen La precisa simulación del flujo de viento en la capa límite atmosférica en un túnel de viento es de suma importancia para diversas aplicaciones en ingeniería, abarcando campos como la ingeniería civil y ambiental, entre otros. En el contexto de investigar y caracterizar el comportamiento del viento en modelos a escala reducida de estructuras civiles, llevamos a cabo un estudio en el Túnel de Viento de la Escuela de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad del Valle. El objetivo principal consistió en determinar la distribución adecuada de dispositivos generadores de turbulencia para replicar perfiles de velocidad específicos requeridos para exposiciones de tipo rural, suburbana y urbana. Este estudio se basó en la reproducción de tres perfiles de velocidad, representativos de exposiciones urbanas, suburbanas y rurales, a una escala de 1:200. Para lograr esto, implementamos generadores de vórtices de Irwin a tamaño completo, una barrera almenada y elementos de rugosidad de Counihan y Gartshore. La medición de la velocidad media en la sección de ensayos del túnel de viento se llevó a cabo utilizando sistemas de anemometría de hilo caliente y tubos de Pitot. Los resultados experimentales obtenidos al simular los perfiles de velocidad demostraron una correspondencia aceptable con los perfiles teóricos establecidos en el código de diseño NSR-10. Este estudio contribuye al avance en la comprensión y reproducción de perfiles de velocidad en el contexto de simulación de la capa límite atmosférica en túneles de viento, respaldando aplicaciones clave en el campo de la ingeniería.

Resumo:A Universidade da Costa Rica (UCR) tem como um dos pilares fundamentais do seu trabalho a ação social e nela, a educação continuada. Pensando no anterior, a Escola de Engenharia Topográfica cria o projeto ED3550 Atividades de Formação e Atualização em Engenharia Topográfica. Este projeto representa a oportunidade de oferecer opções de formação e atualização sobre temas relevantes e inovadores para as populações interessadas, e assim estabelecer uma ligação com a sociedade no fortalecimento das suas competências e habilidades profissionais. Para promover atividades de formação continuada, foram implementadas estratégias de marketing digital baseadas em redes sociais, e-mails e dispositivos móveis, o que permitiu projeção nacional e internacional aos cursos e palestras que foram organizados, o que se manifestou numa ampla participação de profissionais. não só da engenharia topográfica, mas de carreiras afins como: engenharia civil, geografia, biologia, direito e engenharia ambiental, só para mencionar alguns exemplos. Apresentamos uma sistematização da experiência com base no método de cinco pontos proposto por Jara (2018), no qual uma análise quantitativa das conquistas alcançadas é realizada durante o período de 2020 a 2022. Em síntese, a conquista obtida ao longo de dois anos de implementação do projeto é creditada ao uso de meios digitais para promover as atividades do programa. Isso possibilitou uma exposição significativa a diversas comunidades, permitindo ao EIT estabelecer conexões sociais e fomentar a atualização profissional. Conclui-se então que o marketing digital contribui significativamente para o conhecimento da população alvo, o que nos permite oferecer soluções adequadas às suas necessidades formativas.

Resumen: La Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR) tiene como uno de los pilares fundamentales de su quehacer la acción social y dentro de esta la educación continua. Con sustento en lo anterior, es que la Escuela de Ingeniería Topográfica (EIT) crea el proyecto ED3550 Actividades de Capacitación y Actualización en Ingeniería Topográfica. Dicho proyecto representa la oportunidad de ofrecer opciones de capacitación y actualización en temas relevantes e innovadores a las poblaciones interesadas, y con ello establecer un vínculo con la sociedad en el fortalecimiento de sus habilidades y destrezas profesionales. Para la promoción de las actividades de educación continua, se han implementado estrategias de mercadeo digital basado en redes sociales, correo electrónico y dispositivos móviles, lo cual ha permitido darle proyección nacional e internacional a los cursos y charlas que se han organizado, lo que se ha manifestado en una amplia participación de profesionales no solo de ingeniería topográfica, sino de carreras afines, tales como ingeniería civil, geografía, biología, derecho e ingeniería ambiental, por mencionar algunos ejemplos. En este estudio, se presenta una sistematización de la experiencia basada en el método de los cinco puntos propuesto por Jara (2018), en la cual se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de los logros alcanzados durante el período de 2020 a 2022. En síntesis, el éxito que se ha logrado en dos años de ejecución del proyecto es atribuido al uso de medios digitales para la divulgación de las actividades programadas, lo que ha permitido tener una exposición importante ante poblaciones diversas y le ha posibilitado a la EIT establecer un vínculo social y el fomento de actualización profesional. Se concluye, entonces, que el mercadeo digital aporta significativamente en el conocimiento de la población meta, lo que permite ofrecer soluciones adecuadas a sus necesidades de formación

Abstract: One of the fundamental pillars of the University of Costa Rica (UCR) is social action, which includes continuing education. In this sense, the School of Topographic Engineering has created the project ED3550 Training and Updating Activities in Topographic Engineering. This project is an opportunity to provide training and updating in relevant and innovative topics to those interested, and to create a link with society to strengthen professional skills and abilities. The training activities are promoted through digital marketing on social networks, e-mail and mobile devices. This has given a national and international projection to the courses and lectures organized, resulting in a wide participation of professionals not only from topographic engineering, but also from other professions such as civil engineering, geography, biology, law and environmental engineering, among others. A systematization of the experience is presented, based on the five-point method proposed by Jara (2018), in which a quantitative analysis of the achievements during the period from 2020 to 2022 is carried out. In summary, the success achieved in two years of project implementation is attributed to the use of digital media for the dissemination of program activities, which has provided an important exposure to different populations and has allowed the EIT to establish a social link and promote professional updating. It is therefore concluded that digital marketing contributes significantly to the knowledge of the target population, which makes it possible to provide adequate solutions to their training needs.

The increased frequency of extreme weather events associated with climate change is a growing concern for road authorities, consultants, contractors and end users. Climate change adaptation is not yet incorporated into South Africa's transport design and planning. Current design methods for asphalt pavements include recently introduced performance-graded (PG) specifications for bitumen. Although the need exists to use future-projected temperature maps in the road industry, the hindrance to this adoption has been extracting the appropriate rising air temperatures from climate model projections. This study focuses on the integration of bias-adjusted historical and projected climate model temperature outputs between 1980 and 2060 to estimate changes in pavement temperatures throughout South Africa to inform a strategy for adaptive material selection. Differences in bitumen selection are observed for the PG 58 and PG 52 maximum temperature grade, and an introduction of PG 70 regions, as derived from climate model data in comparison with the SATS 3208 technical standard. The general trend is a gradual increase in maximum pavement design temperatures, mostly affecting the country's northern and central regions and corresponding road networks. This paper concludes that adjustments are required regarding climate projections for use in bituminous binder selection based on the current specification.

A model was composed that integrated demand for railway services, systemic capacity design of production factors, operating efficiency, and the financial viability of the designed railway operations of a dedicated rail freight project. The design model incorporated efficiency measures essential to successfully developing new railway systems. The investment in rail infrastructure concerning the geometric parameters and their effect on the project's viability was deduced. A relationship between the geometric layout of track alignment and the hauling process of freight was determined. Results from simulation work to ascertain the operating efficiency informed the design of train-crossing capacity. The effect of inefficiencies on the performance of the production factors and the influence thereof on the rail tariff and the internal rate of return was determined. The design model covered the range of demand from low volumes of dedicated freight to the advent of heavy-haul operations, and will find its application in cases of new green-field projects. The design parameters applied in sub-models were correlated with the results of field tests and individual new railway projects undertaken in Southern Africa. The results of the effect of systemic operating efficiency on the capacity of the rolling stock fleet were illustrated.

RESUMEN Esta investigación se centra en la evaluación de la simetría estructural del puente Zamora-Loja, una infraestructura crucial para las áreas de Loja y Zamora. Dada la preocupación por vibraciones excesivas, se llevaron a cabo ensayos geofísicos meticulosos. El objetivo principal fue analizar la respuesta del puente a diversas condiciones de carga, especialmente su simetría, esencial para la seguridad y eficiencia. Se utilizó un camión de prueba para transitar por diferentes zonas del puente, registrando variaciones reveladoras en su comportamiento. Los resultados destacaron una variación del 17.93% en el comportamiento estructural cuando el camión transitó por el carril equipado con el geófono, indicando una distribución asimétrica de la carga. En contraste, el carril sin el geófono mostró una variación del 8.82%, sugiriendo una respuesta estructural diferente. Al transitar por el carril central, la variación fue del 16.30%, reflejando una respuesta intermedia a cargas centradas. Complementando estos hallazgos, se empleó un modelo computacional basado en elementos finitos, que incorporó datos reales del puente. La comparación entre resultados reales y computacionales proporciona una perspectiva integral del comportamiento del puente, siendo una herramienta invaluable para futuras intervenciones. Estos ensayos no solo ofrecen una visión clara de la integridad y seguridad del puente, sino que también establecen un precedente para el uso de tecnologías avanzadas en la evaluación de infraestructuras críticas.

ABSTRACT This research focuses on the evaluation of the structural symmetry of the Zamora-Loja bridge, a crucial infrastructure for the Loja and Zamora areas. Given the concern for excessive vibrations, meticulous geophysical tests were carried out. The main objective was to analyze the bridge's response to various loading conditions, especially its symmetry, essential for safety and efficiency. A test truck was used to drive over different areas of the bridge, recording revealing variations in its behavior. The results highlighted a 17.93% variation in structural behavior when the truck traveled through the lane equipped with the geophone, indicating an asymmetrical load distribution. In contrast, the lane without the geophone showed a variation of 8.82%, suggesting a different structural response. When traveling in the center lane, the variation was 16.30%, reflecting an intermediate response to centered loads. Complementing these findings, a finite element based computational model was used, incorporating real bridge data. The comparison between actual and computational results provides a comprehensive perspective of the bridge behavior and is an invaluable tool for future interventions. These tests not only provide a clear view of the integrity and safety of the bridge, but also set a precedent for the use of advanced technologies in the evaluation of critical infrastructure.

Resumo As exigências actuais demandam a necessidade de aperfeiçoar o processo de formação online para atingir as competências que se requerem para os profissionais. Neste contexto, o objetivo é avaliar a proposta metodológica de formação online de engenheiros para fortalecer a motivação e a participação. A metodologia utilizada é de natureza quantitativa-descritiva-não-experimental, exploratória e avaliativa e a apresentação de evidências empíricas a partir dos resultados obtidos em 2021 com alunos do 4º ano de Engenharia Civil de Cujae em curso online. Apresenta-se uma concepção didática que se baseia na integração de processos, atividades, recursos e tecnologias; aprendizagem cooperativa (CA) e co-desenho didático (CD) para avaliação dos níveis de motivação e participação.

Resumen La actualidad exige perfeccionar el proceso de formación online para lograr las competencias que requieren los profesionales. En este contexto, se persigue como objetivo valorar la propuesta metodológica de formación online del ingeniero para el fortalecimiento de la motivación y la participación. La metodología utilizada es cuantitativa-descriptiva-no experimental, de carácter exploratorio y valorativo, y la presentación de evidencias empíricas a partir de los resultados obtenidos en el año 2021 con estudiantes de 4to año de Ingeniería Civil de la Cujae en un curso online. Se ofrece la concepción didáctica que se basa en la integración de procesos, actividades, recursos y tecnologías; el aprendizaje cooperativo (AC) y el co-diseño didáctico (CD) para la valoración de los niveles de motivación y participación.

Abstract Nowadays, it is necessary to perfect the online training process to achieve the skills that professionals require. In this context, the objective is to evaluate the methodological proposal for the online training of engineers to strengthen motivation and participation. The methodology used is quantitative-descriptive-non-experimental, exploratory and evaluative in nature, and the presentation of empirical evidence from the results obtained in 2021 with 4th year Civil Engineering students of the university Cujae in an online course. The article presents a didactic conception based on the integration of processes, activities, resources and technologies; cooperative learning (CL) and didactic co-design (DC) for the assessment of motivation and participation levels.

Road fatalities were labelled a pandemic as early as 1973 (BMJ 1973). The number of road fatalities reached 1.35 million in 2016. Currently over 3 500 people perish every day on the world's roads. South Africa has one of the highest road fatality rates in the world, with a fatality rate of 25.9 deaths per 100 000 population (WHO 2018). In order to understand and improve the road safety situation of a region, effective road safety assessments must be carried out. This paper presents a comparison of four different road safety assessment approaches, both traditional and novel, and serves as a proof of concept for the 'road safety desert' methodology, a new technique adapted from the 'transit desert' concept. This new approach to road safety assessment explores the possibility of geo-coded supply and demand comparisons to identify 'road safety deserts' - areas that have a comparatively higher road safety risk. This paper shows that there are several unique and effective ways to assess road safety, and that each approach incorporates different characteristics within their methodologies. It is recommended that road safety analysis is conducted using a multitude of methods, so as to improve understanding and intervention selection.