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Resumo: Introdução. O tabagismo é um problema de saúde pública mundial. Atualmente é considerado a principal causa de morte evitável do mundo. O uso simultâneo de tabaco e maconha está associado a um maior risco de persistência e recaída de ambos consumos. Nos últimos anos, o uso de sistemas eletrônicos de liberação de nicotina em jovens tem aumentado no mundo todo, devido à novidade do seu uso, ao grande número de sabores e à noção de que são menos nocivos. O objetivo foi conhecer a prevalência do consumo de tabaco, maconha e cigarro eletrônico na população uruguaia de entre 15 e 21 anos, a associação do consumo entre eles e a percepção do risco de seu uso. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo analítico transversal no período de fevereiro-abril de 2021. Uma pesquisa anônima, voluntária e autoadministrada foi divulgada por meio de redes sociais e centros educacionais públicos e privados em todo o país. Para o processamento dos dados foi utilizado o software de dados SPSS 25, considerando um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados e Discussão: 1.517 respostas foram processadas. Constatou-se que 54% fumaram cigarro alguma vez e 19,7% usaram-o regularmente no último mês. 48% usaram maconha em algum momento e 19,4% o fizeram no último mês. As prevalências encontradas para tabaco e maconha são superiores às relatadas na literatura nacional. Com relação ao cigarro eletrônico, não há dados disponíveis em nosso meio para essa faixa etária, sendo que o presente estudo relata que 32% o utilizaram em algum momento. Dos que fumam cigarros, 84% e 58% já usaram maconha e cigarros eletrônicos, respectivamente. Dos que usaram cigarro eletrônico alguma vez, 50% nunca fumaram ou apenas experimentaram com cigarros tradicionais; esse fato pode corresponder ao fato do cigarro eletrônico atuar como porta de entrada para o tabagismo nos jovens. Encontrou-se associação significativa entre consumir uma das três substâncias e ter pai, mãe ou responsável que a consome ou consumiu, dados condizentes com o histórico no Uruguai. Em relação à percepção de risco, 98% concordaram que o tabaco é prejudicial à saúde, 66% concordaram com a maconha e 81% com o cigarro eletrônico. Ao analisar as patologias específicas, observam-se diferenças marcantes de acordo com a substância considerada, sendo que 73%. Conclusões: Observou-se alta prevalência de consumo dessas substâncias em jovens e apreciável associação entre elas. Curiosamente, foi encontrada uma prevalência semelhante de uso de cigarro e maconha no último mês. Isso é especialmente relevante tendo em vista que foi observada uma diferença significativa entre a percepção do risco de consumo dessas substâncias, sendo a maconha consideravelmente menor. Em relação aos cigarros eletrónicos, há uma subestimação dos malefícios que provocam entre os jovens inquiridos. Em razão do exposto, a elaboração de políticas públicas especificamente direcionadas a esse problema seria da hierarquia.

Abstract: Introduction: Smoking is a public health problem worldwide. It is currently considered the leading cause of preventable death in the world. The simultaneous use of tobacco and marijuana is associated with a higher risk of persistence and relapse of both substances. In the last few years, the use of electronic nicotine delivery systems in young people has increased worldwide, due to the novelty of their use, the large number of flavors and the conception that its use is less harmful. The aim of the present work was to estimate the prevalence of tobacco, marijuana and electronic cigarette consumption in the Uruguayan population between 15 and 21 years of age, the association of consumption between them and the perception of the risk linked to their use. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out during February-April 2021. An anonymous, voluntary and self-administered survey was distributed among social networks and public and private schools throughout the country. SPSS 25 data software was used for data processing, considering a significance level of 0.05. Results and Discussion: 1517 responses were processed. It was found that 54% smoked cigarettes at some point and 19.7% smoked regularly in the last month. 48% used marijuana at some point and 19.4% did so in the last month. The prevalences found for tobacco and marijuana are higher than those reported in the national literature. With regard to electronic cigarettes, there is no local data available for this age range, with the present study reporting that 32% used it at some point. Of those who smoke cigarettes, 84% and 58% used marijuana and e-cigarettes at some point, respectively. Of those who used electronic cigarettes at some point, 50% never smoked or only tried traditional cigarettes; this could attest to electronic cigarettes acting as a gateway to smoking in young people. A significant association between consuming one of the three substances and having a father, mother or guardian who consumes or consumed them was found, data consistent with local records. Regarding risk perception, 98% agreed that tobacco is harmful, 66% agreed so with marijuana and 81% agreed so with electronic cigarettes. When analyzing specific diseases, substantial differences were observed depending on the drug. 73% believe that electronic cigarettes are less harmful than smoking regular cigarettes. Conclusions: It was shown that there is a high prevalence of consumption of these substances in young people and a considerable association between them. Interestingly, there was a similar prevalence of consumption of cigarettes and marijuana in the last month. This is especially relevant given that there was a significant difference between the risk perception of cigarettes vs marijuana, with the latter being considerably less. Regarding electronic cigarettes, there is an underestimation of the harm associated with their use. Therefore, it would be of hierarchy to promulgate public policies directed to this problem.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the influence of environmental factors and prematurity relating to juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), its course and refractoriness to treatment. Methods A case-control study with 35 patients followed up at a tertiary hospital and 124 healthy controls, all residents of São Paulo. Patients were classified according to monocyclic, polycyclic or chronic disease courses and refractoriness to treatment. The daily concentrations of pollutants (inhalable particulate matter-PM10, sulfur dioxide-SO2, nitrogen dioxide-NO2, ozone-O3 and carbon monoxide-CO) were provided by the Environmental Company of São Paulo. Data from the population were obtained through a questionnaire. Results Fifteen patients had monocyclic courses, and 19 polycyclic/chronic courses. Eighteen patients were refractory to treatment. Maternal occupational exposure to inhalable agents (OR = 17.88; IC 95% 2.15–148.16, p = 0.01) and exposure to O3 in the fifth year of life (third tertile > 86.28μg/m3; OR = 6.53, IC95% 1.60–26.77, p = 0.01) were risk factors for JDM in the multivariate logistic regression model. The presence of a factory/quarry at a distance farther than 200 meters from daycare/school (OR = 0.22; IC 95% 0.06–0.77; p = 0.02) was a protective factor in the same analysis. Prematurity, exposure to air pollutants/cigarette smoke/sources of inhalable pollutants in the mother's places of residence and work during the gestational period were not associated with JDM. Prematurity, maternal exposure to occupational pollutants during pregnancy as well as patient's exposure to ground-level pollutants up to the fifth year of life were not associated with disease course and treatment refractoriness. Conclusion Risk factors for JDM were maternal occupational exposure and exposure to O3 in the fifth year of life. Key points Maternal exposure to occupational pollutants during pregnancy was a risk factor for Juvenile Dermatomyositis (JDM). Exposure to ozone in the fifth year of life was found to be a risk factor for JDM. Exposure to air pollutants during the gestational period was not associated with JDM, its course or refractoriness. , (JDM) casecontrol case control 3 12 controls Paulo matterPM10, matterPM10 matterPM matter PM10, PM10 PM matter-PM10 dioxideSO2, dioxideSO2 dioxideSO dioxide SO2, SO2 SO dioxide-SO2 dioxideNO2, dioxideNO2 dioxideNO NO2, NO2 NO dioxide-NO2 ozoneO3 ozoneO O ozone-O monoxideCO monoxide CO monoxide-CO questionnaire 1 polycyclicchronic 17.88 1788 17 88 95 21514816 2 15 148 16 2.15–148.16 0.01 001 0 01 third 86.28μg/m3 8628μgm3 μgm 86 28μg m3 μg m 653 6 53 6.53 IC95 1602677 60 26 77 1.60–26.77 model factoryquarry factory quarry 20 daycareschool daycare school 0.22 022 22 0.06–0.77 006077 06 0.02 002 02 analysis Prematurity pollutantscigarette cigarette smokesources smoke sources mothers mother s patient groundlevel ground level . (JDM matterPM1 PM1 matter-PM1 dioxide-SO dioxide-NO 17.8 178 8 9 2151481 14 2.15–148.1 0.0 00 86.28μg/m 8628μgm 65 5 6.5 IC9 160267 7 1.60–26.7 0.2 0.06–0.7 00607 matter-PM 17. 215148 2.15–148. 0. 6. 16026 1.60–26. 0.06–0. 0060 21514 2.15–148 1602 1.60–26 0.06–0 006 2151 2.15–14 160 1.60–2 0.06– 215 2.15–1 1.60– 0.06 21 2.15– 1.60 2.15 1.6 2.1 1. 2.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the factors associated with alcohol use among Brazilian school adolescents. Method: This analytical cross-sectional study uses secondary data from the 2019 National School Health Survey edition conducted by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The research evaluated 125,123 adolescents through the application of a questionnaire. For the final model, multiple logistic regression was used. Results: Lifetime cigarette use was strongly associated with alcohol use (Odds Ratio=3.25; 95% Confidence Interval 2.28-4.62), followed by friends’ alcohol use in the last 30 days (Odds Ratio=2.15; 95% Confidence Interval 1.52-3.05) and having parents who smoke (Odds Ratio=1.29; 95% Confidence Interval 1.13-1.48). Conclusion: Integrated actions and public policies involving young people and adolescents are important to ensure the health and well-being of healthy adults. Objective Method crosssectional cross sectional 201 Statistics 125123 125 123 125,12 questionnaire model used Results Odds Ratio=3.25 Ratio325 Ratio 3 25 95 2.284.62, 228462 2.28 4.62 , 2 28 4 62 2.28-4.62) friends Ratio=2.15 Ratio215 15 1.523.05 152305 1.52 3.05 1 52 05 1.52-3.05 Ratio=1.29 Ratio129 29 1.131.48. 113148 1.13 1.48 . 13 48 1.13-1.48) Conclusion wellbeing well being adults 20 12512 12 125,1 Ratio=3.2 Ratio32 9 284 2.284.62 22846 228 2.2 462 4.6 6 2.28-4.62 Ratio=2.1 Ratio21 523 1.523.0 15230 152 1.5 305 3.0 5 0 1.52-3.0 Ratio=1.2 Ratio12 131 1.131.48 11314 113 1.1 148 1.4 1.13-1.48 1251 125, Ratio=3. Ratio3 2.284.6 2284 22 2. 46 4. 2.28-4.6 Ratio=2. Ratio2 1.523. 1523 1. 3. 1.52-3. Ratio=1. Ratio1 1.131.4 1131 11 14 1.13-1.4 Ratio=3 2.284. 2.28-4. Ratio=2 1.523 1.52-3 Ratio=1 1.131. 1.13-1. Ratio= 2.284 2.28-4 1.52- 1.131 1.13-1 2.28- 1.13-

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os fatores associados ao uso do álcool entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal analítico utilizando dados secundários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar edição 2019, conduzida pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística. A pesquisa avaliou 125.123 adolescentes por meio da aplicação de um questionário. Para o modelo final foi utilizada a regressão logística múltipla. Resultados: o uso de cigarro na vida foi fortemente associado ao uso de álcool (Odds Ratio=3,25; Intervalo de Confiança 95% 2,28-4,62), seguido do uso de álcool por amigos nos últimos 30 dias (Odds Ratio=2,15; Intervalo de Confiança 95% 1,52-3,05) e ter pai e mãe que fumam (Odds Ratio=1,29; Intervalo de Confiança 95%1,13-148). Conclusão: são importantes ações integradas e políticas públicas envolvendo jovens e adolescentes para garantir a saúde e o bem-estar de adultos saudáveis. Objetivo brasileiros Método tratase trata se 2019 Estatística 125123 125 123 125.12 questionário múltipla Resultados Odds Ratio=3,25 Ratio325 Ratio 3 25 95 2,284,62, 228462 2,28 4,62 , 2 28 4 62 2,28-4,62) Ratio=2,15 Ratio215 15 1,523,05 152305 1,52 3,05 1 52 05 1,52-3,05 Ratio=1,29 Ratio129 29 95%1,13148. 95113148 95%1,13 148 . 13 95%1,13-148) Conclusão bemestar bem estar saudáveis 201 12512 12 125.1 Ratio=3,2 Ratio32 9 284 2,284,62 22846 228 2,2 462 4,6 6 2,28-4,62 Ratio=2,1 Ratio21 523 1,523,0 15230 152 1,5 305 3,0 5 0 1,52-3,0 Ratio=1,2 Ratio12 13148 95%1,13148 9511314 95113 95%1,1 14 95%1,13-148 20 1251 125. Ratio=3, Ratio3 2,284,6 2284 22 2, 46 4, 2,28-4,6 Ratio=2, Ratio2 1,523, 1523 1, 3, 1,52-3, Ratio=1, Ratio1 1314 95%1,1314 951131 9511 95%1, 95%1,13-14 Ratio=3 2,284, 2,28-4, Ratio=2 1,523 1,52-3 Ratio=1 131 95%1,131 951 95%1 95%1,13-1 Ratio= 2,284 2,28-4 1,52- 95%1,13- 2,28-

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los factores asociados con el consumo de alcohol entre adolescentes escolares brasileños. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal analítico utilizando datos secundarios de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud del Escolar edición 2019, conducida por el Instituto Brasileño de Geografía y Estadística. La investigación evaluó a 125.123 adolescentes mediante la aplicación de un cuestionario. Para el modelo final se utilizó la regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: el uso de cigarrillo en la vida estuvo fuertemente asociado al uso de alcohol (Odds Ratio=3,25; Intervalo de Confianza 95% 2,28-4,62), seguido del uso de alcohol por amigos en los últimos 30 días (Odds Ratio=2,15; Intervalo de Confianza 95% 1,52-3,05) y tener padre y madre que fuman (Odds Ratio=1,29; Intervalo de Confianza 95%1,13-148). Conclusión: son importantes acciones integradas y políticas públicas que involucren a jóvenes y adolescentes para garantizar la salud y el bienestar de adultos saludables. Objetivo brasileños Método 2019 Estadística 125123 125 123 125.12 cuestionario múltiple Resultados Odds Ratio=3,25 Ratio325 Ratio 3 25 95 2,284,62, 228462 2,28 4,62 , 2 28 4 62 2,28-4,62) Ratio=2,15 Ratio215 15 1,523,05 152305 1,52 3,05 1 52 05 1,52-3,05 Ratio=1,29 Ratio129 29 95%1,13148. 95113148 95%1,13 148 . 13 95%1,13-148) Conclusión saludables 201 12512 12 125.1 Ratio=3,2 Ratio32 9 284 2,284,62 22846 228 2,2 462 4,6 6 2,28-4,62 Ratio=2,1 Ratio21 523 1,523,0 15230 152 1,5 305 3,0 5 0 1,52-3,0 Ratio=1,2 Ratio12 13148 95%1,13148 9511314 95113 95%1,1 14 95%1,13-148 20 1251 125. Ratio=3, Ratio3 2,284,6 2284 22 2, 46 4, 2,28-4,6 Ratio=2, Ratio2 1,523, 1523 1, 3, 1,52-3, Ratio=1, Ratio1 1314 95%1,1314 951131 9511 95%1, 95%1,13-14 Ratio=3 2,284, 2,28-4, Ratio=2 1,523 1,52-3 Ratio=1 131 95%1,131 951 95%1 95%1,13-1 Ratio= 2,284 2,28-4 1,52- 95%1,13- 2,28-

Abstract Cigarette smoke (CS) has been generally recognized as a chief carcinogenic factor in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The stimulative effect of CS on renal cancer stem cells (RCSCs) has been described previously. The Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an essential role in self-renewal, cell growth, drug resistance, metastasis, and recurrence of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Renal cancer-related gene ΔNp63α is highly expressed in renal epithelial tissues and contributes to the RCSCs characteristics of tumors. The aim of this study was to elucidate the role of ΔNp63α and the SHH pathway on the activity of RCSCs induced by CS through a series of in vivo and in vitro studies. It was shown that in renal cancer tissues, ΔNp63α and RCSCs markers in smokers are expressed higher than that in non-smokers. RCSCs were effectively enriched by tumor sphere formation assay. Besides, CS increased the expression of RCSCs markers and the capability of sphere-forming in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the SHH pathway was activated, and the specialized inhibitor alleviated the promotion of CS on RCSCs. ΔNp63α activated the SHH pathway and promoted CS-induced enhancement of RCSCs activity. These findings indicate that ΔNp63α positively regulates the activity of CS-induced RCSCs via the SHH pathway. (CS RCC. RCC . (RCC) (RCSCs previously (SHH selfrenewal, selfrenewal self renewal, renewal self-renewal growth resistance metastasis CSCs. CSCs (CSCs) cancerrelated related ΔNpα ΔNp α tumors studies nonsmokers. nonsmokers non smokers. non-smokers assay Besides sphereforming forming Moreover CSinduced (RCC (CSCs

Abstract Background Unlike cigarette smoking, environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) has not been as well described as an environmental risk for Multiple sclerosis (MS) nor as a risk factor for disease progression. Objective We systematically reviewed the association between ETS and the risk of onset and/or progression of MS. Methods We systematically screened MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, LILACs, and SciELO searching for publications between January 1st, 2010, and July 5, 2021, with the following keywords: "multiple sclerosis and smoking"; "multiple sclerosis and passive smoking"; "multiple sclerosis and secondhand smoking". Results Fifteen articles were included in this review, which consisted of systematic reviews with meta-analysis (N = 2), systematic reviews (N = 2), and observational studies (N = 11). Both meta-analyses reported an impact of ETS on MS onset among secondhand smokers. One of the systematic reviews selected two observational studies showing the association between ETS and MS development, and one study that did not find a significant association between ETS and the risk of MS development. The other systematic review identified selected eight articles showing a relationship between ETS and MS. Seven observational studies reported higher odds of MS onset when associated with ETS. Four observational studies did not show a relationship between ETS and MS onset or progression. Conclusion Most articles showed a positive association between ETS exposure and the risk of developing MS. On the other hand, an association between ETS and a higher risk for MS progression could not be established. smoking (ETS (MS andor MedLinePubMed MedLine PubMed MedLine/PubMed Direct LILACs 1st st 2010 5 2021 keywords multiple smoking" smoking. . metaanalysis meta analysis N 2, 2 , 2) 11. 11 11) metaanalyses analyses smokers development hand established 201 202 1 20

Resumo Antecedentes Ao contrário do tabagismo ativo, o fumo passivo (FP) não é tão bem estabelecido como risco para o desenvolvimento de esclerose múltipla (EM) nem como um fator de risco para a progressão da doença. Objetivo Revisamos sistematicamente a associação entre FP e o risco de aparecimento e/ou progressão da EM. Métodos Fizemos uma triagem sistemática nas bases de dados MedLine/PubMed, Science Direct, LILACs e SciELO em busca de publicações entre 1° de janeiro de 2010 e 5 de julho de 2021 com as seguintes palavras-chave: "multiple sclerosis and smoking"; "multiple sclerosis and passive smoking"; "multiple sclerosis and secondhand smoking". Resultados Quinze artigos foram incluídos nesta revisão, que consistiu em revisões sistemáticas com metanálise (N = 2), revisões sistemáticas (N = 2) e estudos observacionais (N = 11). As metanálises relataram um impacto do FP no surgimento da EM entre fumantes passivos. Um revisão sistemática selecionou dois estudos observacionais mostrando a associação entre FP e desenvolvimento de EM, e um estudo que não encontrou associação significativa entre FP e o risco de desenvolvimento de EM. Outra revisão sistemática identificou oito artigos selecionados mostrando uma relação entre FP e EM. Sete estudos observacionais relataram maiores chances de aparecimento de EM quando associados a FP. Quatro estudos observacionais não mostraram uma relação entre FP e o desenvolvimento ou progressão da EM. Conclusão A maioria dos artigos mostrou uma associação positiva entre a exposição ao FP e o risco de desenvolver EM. Por outro lado, não foi possível estabelecer uma associação entre FP e maior risco de progressão da EM. ativo (FP (EM doença eou MedLinePubMed MedLine PubMed MedLine/PubMed Direct 1 201 202 palavraschave palavras chave palavras-chave multiple smoking smoking" smoking. . N 2, 2 , 11. 11 11) passivos lado 20

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors. alcohol 1317. 1317 13 17. 17 13-17 crosssectional cross sectional 201 SchoolBased School Based Survey 3 days blocks characteristics context aspects stressors p005 p 0 05 p<0.0 model 33 3.3% male Midwest Southeast permission time 131 1 13-1 20 p00 p<0. 3.3 13- 2 p0 p<0 3. p<

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas, entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2019). A variável desfecho foi o relato de consumo das três substâncias nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em quatro blocos: características sociodemográficas; contexto familiar; situações estressoras; aspectos comportamentais. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p<0,05. A prevalência de policonsumo em adolescentes escolares foi 3,3%. No modelo final, sexo masculino, morar na região Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, faltar a escola sem permissão, pais não saberem o que fazem no tempo livre, ter pais fumantes, sofrer agressão física pelos pais, sentir que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida, experimentar bebida alcoólica e drogas ilícitas antes dos 13 anos, ter amigos que bebem bebida alcoólica, fumam e usam drogas na sua presença permaneceram associados ao desfecho. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de policonsumo de três substâncias entre adolescentes e sua associação a fatores sociodemográficos, familiares, comportamentais e a eventos estressantes. Objetivouse Objetivou se álcool 1 anos transversal 2019. 2019 . (2019) 3 dias blocos sociodemográficas familiar estressoras hierarquizada p005 p 0 05 p<0,05 33 3,3% masculino CentroOeste, CentroOeste Centro Oeste, Oeste Centro-Oeste Sudeste permissão livre fumantes vivida sociodemográficos familiares estressantes 201 (2019 p00 p<0,0 3,3 20 (201 p0 p<0, 3, 2 (20 p<0 (2 p< (

ABSTRACT Introduction: Leukoplakia is the most common potentially malignant lesion of the buccal mucosa; tobacco use is the main etiological factor; different degrees of epithelial dysplasia are present. Its study allows a better understanding of the clinical and histopathological manifestations of this disease. Objective: To clinically and histopathologically characterize homogeneous buccal leukoplakia in patients who smoke tobacco. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study was performed. The universe was composed of 75 patients who smoked tobacco and cigars, attended in the stomatological consultation of the Specialties Polyclinic of the Clinical-Surgical Hospital Saturnino Lora Torres of Santiago de Cuba. By means of clinical and histopathological examination, homogeneous buccal leukoplakia was diagnosed. For the collection of the primary data, a model was made with the following variables: age group, sex, clinical diagnosis, time in smoking habit, anatomical location and histopathological study of the disease. Results: Male sex (58.6%) and age group 60 years and older (41.3%) prevailed in the casuistry; hyperkeratosis (64.0%), mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate (60.0%) and mild epithelial dysplasia (73.3%) were the most common histopathological alterations in smokers aged 21 years and older. Hyperchromasia of the nucleus (100.0%) and nuclear pleomorphism (96.80%) were the most prominent cellular changes. Interpapillary nail alterations (92.0%), stratum basale hyperplasia (88.9%) and loss of polarity (87.3%) resulted the most significant tissue dysplastic signs in buccal leukoplakia and cheek mucosa (40.0%) the anatomical site of highest occurrence of lesions. Conclusions: All tobacco and cigarette smoking patients presented, clinically, buccal leukoplastic lesions, confirmed by histopathological study; male sex and the 60 and older age group are the most affected. Hyperparapokeratosis, mild chronic inflammatory infiltrate and mild epithelial dysplasia were the most predominant; hyperchromasia of the nucleus and nuclear pleomorphism were the most prominent cellular changes. In the epithelial dysplastic tissue, interpapillary nail alterations, hyperplasia of the stratum basale and loss of polarity prevailed and the most affected site, the cheek mucosa.

RESUMEN Introducción: La leucoplasia es la lesión potencialmente maligna más común de la mucosa bucal; el consumo de tabaco es el principal factor etiológico; se presentan distintos grados de displasia epitelial. Su estudio permite conocer mejor las manifestaciones clínicas e histopatológicas de esta enfermedad. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica e histopatológicamente la leucoplasia homogénea bucal en pacientes fumadores de tabaco. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal. El universo estuvo compuesto por 75 pacientes fumadores de tabaco y cigarros, atendidos en la consulta estomatológica del Policlínico de Especialidades del Hospital Clínico-Quirúrgico Saturnino Lora Torres de Santiago de Cuba. Mediante el examen clínico e histopatológico se diagnosticó leucoplasia homogénea bucal. Para la recolección del dato primario se confeccionó un modelo con las siguientes variables: grupo de edad, sexo, diagnóstico clínico, tiempo en el hábito de fumar, localización anatómica y estudio histopatológico de la enfermedad. Resultados: En la casuística prevaleció el sexo masculino (58,6 %) y el grupo etario de 60 años y más (41,3 %); la hiperparaqueratosis (64,0 %), el infiltrado inflamatorio crónico ligero (60,0 %) y la displasia epitelial leve (73,3 %) fueron las alteraciones hísticas más comunes en fumadores con 21 y más años. La hipercromasia del núcleo (100,0 %) y el pleomorfismo nuclear (96,80 %) resultaron los cambios celulares más prominentes. Las alteraciones de los clavos interpapilares (92,0 %), la hiperplasia del estrato basal (88,9 %) y la pérdida de la polaridad (87,3 %) resultaron los signos displásicos tisulares más significativos en la leucoplasia bucal y la mucosa de carrillo (40,0 %) el sitio anatómico de mayor ocurrencia de lesiones. Conclusiones: Todos los pacientes fumadores de tabaco y cigarro presentaron, clínicamente, lesiones leucoplásicas bucales, confirmadas por el estudio histopatológico; el sexo masculino y el grupo de 60 y más años son los de mayor afectación. La hiperparaqueratosis, el infiltrado inflamatorio crónico ligero y la displasia epitelial leve fueron los de mayor predominio; la hipercromasia del núcleo y el pleomorfismo nuclear fueron los cambios celulares más prominentes. En el tejido displásico epitelial prevalecieron las alteraciones de los clavos interpapilares, la hiperplasia del estrato basal y la pérdida de la polaridad y el sitio más afectado, la mucosa de carrillo.

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar os fatores associados ao policonsumo de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas, entre adolescentes escolares brasileiros de 13 a 17 anos. Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (2019). A variável desfecho foi o relato de consumo das três substâncias nos últimos 30 dias. As variáveis independentes foram agrupadas em quatro blocos: características sociodemográficas; contexto familiar; situações estressoras; aspectos comportamentais. Foi realizada análise de regressão logística múltipla hierarquizada, permanecendo no modelo final as variáveis com p<0,05. A prevalência de policonsumo em adolescentes escolares foi 3,3%. No modelo final, sexo masculino, morar na região Centro-Oeste, Sul e Sudeste, faltar a escola sem permissão, pais não saberem o que fazem no tempo livre, ter pais fumantes, sofrer agressão física pelos pais, sentir que a vida não vale a pena ser vivida, experimentar bebida alcoólica e drogas ilícitas antes dos 13 anos, ter amigos que bebem bebida alcoólica, fumam e usam drogas na sua presença permaneceram associados ao desfecho. Os dados mostram alta prevalência de policonsumo de três substâncias entre adolescentes e sua associação a fatores sociodemográficos, familiares, comportamentais e a eventos estressantes.

Abstract The aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with concurrent alcohol, tobacco and illicit drug use among Brazilian schoolchildren aged 13-17. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2019 National School-Based Health Survey. The outcome was use of the three substances during the last 30 days. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was carried out with independent variables grouped into four blocks: sociodemographic characteristics; family context; behavioral aspects; and stressors. Variables with p<0.05 were retained in the final model. The prevalence of concurrent substance use was 3.3%. Being male, living in the Midwest, South and Southeast, skipping school without parent permission, parents not knowing what their children do in their free time, having parents who smoke, having experienced physical aggression from parents, feeling that life is not worth living, trying drinking and illicit drugs before the age of 13, and having friends who drink alcohol, smoke and use drugs in their presence remained associated with the outcome in the final model. The findings reveal high prevalence of concurrent alcohol, cigarette and illicit drug use among adolescents and that poly use is associated with sociodemographic, family, and behavioral factors and stressors.

ABSTRACT Introduction: The habit of smoking causes a huge number of conditions; one of them is the color changes in teeth and restorative materials, since the oral cavity is the most affected area when in direct contact with smoke. Objective: To evaluate the degree of pigmentation in composite veneers subjected to the smoke of two types of cigarettes. Material and Methods: An observational descriptive cross-sectional in vitro study was carried out; the sample was constituted by 20 composite veneers made with Z350 XT resin, which met inclusion and exclusion criteria and were divided into two subgroups: G1 and G2, with 10 specimens each. G1 was exposed to common cigarette smoke, while G2 was exposed to light cigarette smoke; a digital spectrophotometer (Vita Easyshade) was used to take color in three times: day 0, day 15, and day 30. Results: It was determined that the color alterations in the veneers made with 3M's Z350 XT resin exposed to light cigarette showed a greater tendency to change the tone as well as a greater convergence in the color alteration observed in the samples, taking into account that they reached a degree of saturation between 3 and 3.5 and up to 4 at the same tone level. Conclusions: Light cigarette smoke causes a more differentiated pigmentation than the common cigarette with a greater impact on saturation, which causes the samples to take a more opaque pigmentation, tending to be greyish.

RESUMEN Introducción: El hábito de consumir cigarrillo provoca un sinnúmero de afecciones; una de ellas está relacionada con el cambio de color en dientes y materiales restauradores, puesto que la cavidad oral es la zona más afectada al estar en contacto directo con el humo. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de pigmentación en carillas de composite sometidas al humo de dos tipos de cigarrillo. Material y Métodos: El estudio fue de tipo observacional, descriptivo, in vitro y de corte transversal; el grupo de estudio estuvo constituido por 20 carillas de composite elaboradas con resina Z350 XT, que se dividieron en dos subgrupos: G1 y G2, con 10 ejemplares cada uno. El G1 se expuso al humo de cigarrillo común y el G2 al humo de cigarrillo ligero; se utilizó un espectrofotómetro digital (Vita Easyshade) para la toma de color en tres tiempos: día 0, día 15 y día 30. Resultados: Se determinó que las alteraciones de color en las carillas elaboradas con la resina expuestas al cigarrillo ligero, demostró mayor tendencia en cambiar el tono y mayor convergencia en la alteración del color observadas en las muestras, teniendo en cuenta que llegaron a un grado de saturación entre 3 y 3.5 y hasta 4 en un mismo nivel de tono. Conclusiones: El humo de cigarrillo ligero provoca una pigmentación diferenciada al cigarrillo común con mayor impacto en la saturación lo que hace que las muestran tomen una pigmentación más opaca tendiendo a grisácea.

RESUMEN: Cada vez se presta más atención a la contaminación del aire en la salud respiratoria, particularmente, en relación con los días de neblina. En consecuencia la exposición al humo del cigarrillo aumenta la toxicidad de los contaminantes comunes del aire, lo que además aumenta la complejidad de las enfermedades respiratorias. Aunque existen varios mecanismos involucrados en las enfermedades respiratorias causadas o empeoradas por el tabaquismo, en las que el papel de las AQP en el pulmón respecto a la homeostasis de líquidos sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar. En este artículo, copiamos los modelos de rata basados en el generador de humo e investigamos los cambios morfológicos de la mucosa y las funciones relacionadas según el equilibrio del líquido de revestimiento de los alvéolos a través de la expresión de AQP. En comparación con el grupo normal, se detectó claramente un etiquetado débil de la abundancia de proteínas AQP1 y AQP5 en la parte correspondiente de los grupos de exposición al humo en comparación con el grupo control. Por lo tanto, se sugiere que la contribución de las AQP en el pulmón está disminuida, provocando así un equilibrio perturbado entre la homeostasis del líquido secretor y de reabsorción bajo el hábito de fumar cigarrillos.

SUMMARY: A great deal of attention of air pollution on respiratory health is increasing, particularly in relation to haze days. It is that exposure to cigarette smoke augments the toxicity of common air contaminants, thereby increasing the complexity of respiratory diseases. Although there are various mechanisms involved to respiratory diseases caused or worsen by cigarette smoking, in which the role of AQPs in the lung with regard to fluid homeostasis still remains elusive. In this paper, we copied the rat models based on smoke generator, and investigated the morphological changes of mucosa and related functions depending on the balance of lining liquid of alveoli via AQPs expression. Compared with normal group, weak labelling of AQP1 and AQP5 protein abundance were clearly detected in the corresponding part of smoke exposure groups compared with normal group. Hence, it is suggested that the contribution of AQPs in the lung is diminished, thereby causing perturbed balancing between resorptive and secretory fluid homeostasis under cigarette smoking.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the tobacco effect on flexural properties and the microhardness of three acrylic resins. Material and Methods: Three resins were tested: two thermo-polymerizable acrylic resins (RMB 20 and BMS 014) and one autopolymerized acrylic resin. The 3-point bending and microhardness tests were carried out with a universal tensile-compression machine and a micro-Vickers hardness tester. The acrylic resin specimens have been exposed for 21 days to cigarette smoke in a smoking room. Their mechanical strength was compared to unexposed samples. Statistical analysis was performed using the data processing software SPSS Statistics 21.0. Results: The flexural properties of the resins were affected by cigarette smoke only in the case of Major Base 20® (drop in strength with p= 0.02; 0.6; 0.7 and in elastic modulus with p= 0.86; 0.74 and 0.85 for Major Base 20®, BMS 014® and Major Repair®). The cigarette smoke affected significantly microhardness for all groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Cigarette smoking does not affect the flexural properties of the acrylic resin (BMS 014® and Major Repair® unlike Major Base 20®), but it does reduce the microhardness. Objective Methods tested thermopolymerizable thermo polymerizable RMB 2 014 3point point 3 tensilecompression tensile compression microVickers micro Vickers tester room samples 210 0 21.0 Results drop p 0.02 002 02 0.6 06 6 07 7 0. 0.86 086 86 074 74 085 85 0.8 Repair®. Repair . Repair®) p<0.001. p0001 p<0.001 001 (p<0.001) Conclusion , 20®) 01 21. 0.0 00 08 8 p000 p<0.00 (p<0.001 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p<0. (p<0.0 p<0 (p<0. p< (p<0 (p< (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de experimentação e uso atual de narguilé e cigarros eletrônicos e os fatores associados entre estudantes de medicina. Métodos: Estudo transversal multicêntrico com uma amostra de conveniência de estudantes de faculdades de medicina da maioria das regiões geográficas brasileiras. Informações sobre experimentação e uso atual de cigarros convencionais, narguilé e cigarros eletrônicos; crenças e atitudes em relação aos produtos do tabaco; religiosidade; e dados demográficos foram coletados por meio de um questionário on-line estruturado. Utilizou-se estatística descritiva e regressão logística para analisar a associação desses fatores. Resultados: Nossa amostra foi composta por 700 indivíduos de quatro regiões brasileiras. As prevalências de experimentação e uso atual de cigarros, narguilé e cigarros eletrônicos foram, respectivamente, de 39,1% e 7,9%; 42,6% e 11,4%; e 13,1% e 2,3%. A experimentação de narguilé foi maior entre aqueles que tinham irmãos (OR ajustada = 2,64; IC95%: 1,24-5,61) ou amigos (OR ajustada = 2,33; IC95%: 1,63-3,31) fumantes. O mesmo ocorreu em relação à experimentação de cigarros eletrônicos: irmãos (OR ajustada = 2,76; IC95%: 1,17-6,50) e amigos (OR ajustada = 2,47; IC95%: 1,45-4,22). Curiosidade e aroma/sabor foram os principais motivos para o uso de narguilé e a experimentação de cigarros eletrônicos. Embora 93% dos respondentes tenham aprendido sobre os danos do tabagismo à saúde nas aulas da faculdade de medicina, 51,4% relataram já ter experimentado pelo menos um desses produtos do tabaco. A maioria dos respondentes que relataram sentir a presença de Deus/Espírito Santo em suas vidas nunca experimentou narguilé (59,2%) ou cigarros eletrônicos (55,3%). Conclusões: Há uma alta prevalência de experimentação de produtos do tabaco entre estudantes de medicina cujos irmãos ou amigos fumam, apesar de terem conhecimento sobre os malefícios do tabagismo. Objetivo Métodos brasileiras convencionais religiosidade online on line estruturado Utilizouse Utilizou se Resultados 70 respectivamente 391 39 1 39,1 7,9% 79 7 9 426 42 6 42,6 11,4% 114 11 4 131 13 13,1 23 2 3 2,3% OR 2,64 264 64 IC95% IC95 IC 1,245,61 124561 1,24 5,61 24 5 61 1,24-5,61 2,33 233 33 1,633,31 163331 1,63 3,31 63 31 1,63-3,31 fumantes 2,76 276 76 1,176,50 117650 1,17 6,50 17 50 1,17-6,50 2,47 247 47 1,454,22. 145422 1,45 4,22 . 45 22 1,45-4,22) aromasabor aroma sabor 93 514 51 51,4 DeusEspírito Deus Espírito 59,2% 592 59 (59,2% 55,3%. 553 55,3% 55 (55,3%) Conclusões fumam 39, 7,9 42, 11,4 13, 2,3 2,6 26 IC9 245 1,245,6 12456 124 1,2 561 5,6 1,24-5,6 633 1,633,3 16333 163 1,6 331 3,3 1,63-3,3 2,7 27 176 1,176,5 11765 117 1,1 650 6,5 1,17-6,5 2,4 454 1,454,22 14542 145 1,4 422 4,2 1,45-4,22 51, 59,2 (59,2 55,3 (55,3% 7, 11, 2, 1,245, 1245 12 1, 56 5, 1,24-5, 1,633, 1633 16 3, 1,63-3, 1,176, 1176 65 6, 1,17-6, 1,454,2 1454 14 4, 1,45-4,2 59, (59, 55, (55,3 1,245 1,24-5 1,633 1,63-3 1,176 1,17-6 1,454, 1,45-4, (59 (55, 1,24- 1,63- 1,17- 1,454 1,45-4 (5 (55 1,45- (

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of and factors associated with experimentation with and current use of water pipes and e-cigarettes among medical students. Methods: This was a cross-sectional multicentric study involving a convenience sample of students from medical schools in most Brazilian geographic regions. Information about experimentation with and current use of conventional cigarettes, water pipes, and e-cigarettes; beliefs and attitudes toward tobacco products; religiosity; and demographics were collected by means of an online structured questionnaire. We used descriptive statistics and logistic regression to analyze the association of those factors. Results: Our sample comprised 700 individuals from four Brazilian regions. Prevalence of experimentation with and current use of cigarettes, water pipes, and e-cigarettes were, respectively, 39.1% and 7.9%; 42.6% and 11.4%; and 13.1% and 2.3%. Water pipe experimentation was higher among those who had a sibling (adjusted OR = 2.64; 95% CI, 1.24-5.61) or friends (adjusted OR = 2.33; 95% CI, 1.63-3.31) who smoke. The same occurred regarding e-cigarette experimentation: siblings (adjusted OR = 2.76; 95% CI, 1.17-6.50) and friends (adjusted OR = 2.47; 95% CI, 1:45-4.22). Curiosity and scent/taste were the major reasons for water pipe use and e-cigarette experimentation. Although 93% of the responders learned about health damages of smoking during medical school classes, 51.4% reported having experimented with at least one of these tobacco products. Most responders who reported feeling the presence of God/the Holy Spirit in their lives were never experimenters of water pipes (59.2%) or e-cigarettes (55.3%). Conclusions: There is a high prevalence of experimentation with tobacco products among medical students whose siblings or friends smoke, despite their knowledge about smoking harms. Objective ecigarettes e cigarettes Methods crosssectional cross sectional regions religiosity questionnaire Results 70 respectively 391 39 1 39.1 7.9% 79 7 9 426 42 6 42.6 11.4% 114 11 4 131 13 13.1 23 2 3 2.3% adjusted 2.64 264 64 95 CI 1.245.61 124561 1.24 5.61 24 5 61 1.24-5.61 2.33 233 33 1.633.31 163331 1.63 3.31 63 31 1.63-3.31 smoke ecigarette cigarette 2.76 276 76 1.176.50 117650 1.17 6.50 17 50 1.17-6.50 2.47 247 47 1454.22. 145422 45 4.22 . 22 1:45-4.22) scenttaste scent taste 93 classes 514 51 51.4 Godthe God 59.2% 592 59 (59.2% 55.3%. 553 55.3% 55 (55.3%) Conclusions harms 39. 7.9 42. 11.4 13. 2.3 2.6 26 245 1.245.6 12456 124 1.2 561 5.6 1.24-5.6 633 1.633.3 16333 163 1.6 331 3.3 1.63-3.3 2.7 27 176 1.176.5 11765 117 1.1 650 6.5 1.17-6.5 2.4 1454 1454.22 14542 422 4.2 1:45-4.22 51. 59.2 (59.2 55.3 (55.3% 7. 11. 2. 1.245. 1245 12 1. 56 5. 1.24-5. 1.633. 1633 16 3. 1.63-3. 1.176. 1176 65 6. 1.17-6. 145 1454.2 4. 1:45-4.2 59. (59. 55. (55.3 1.245 1.24-5 1.633 1.63-3 1.176 1.17-6 14 1454. 1:45-4. (59 (55. 1.24- 1.63- 1.17- 1:45-4 (5 (55 1:45- ( 1:45 1:4 1:

South Africa's Illicit cigarette trade (ICT) Is not merely large and growing but outperforms the legitimate sale of tobacco products. It is operated by extensive criminal networks, deprives the state of tax revenue and, although the measures are in place to curb the problem, they are proving to be unequal to the task. The inability of South African authorities to effectively regulate this grey market (where the legal and illegal coincide) paired with its outdated approach, is the kindling that feeds this illicit trade's flame. This article describes the current scale and nature of the ICT and evaluates the attempts to combat it in South Africa. We conclude with recommendations on measures the state, commerce and legal authorities could take to confront the problem with a reasonable chance of success.

Abstract Introduction: Smoking is a health problem of epidemic dimensions with a significant impact on the health of the population. According to the WHO, this epidemic kills more than 8 million people. In addition, it is one of the most important triggers of chronic pulmonary, cardiovascular and neoplastic diseases, which is why it is considered the most important risk factor for disease and premature death worldwide. Objective: This bibliographic review will discuss the current evidence of organic damage caused by tobacco, the pathophysiological mechanisms through which it is produced and the relevance in prevention through the cessation of consumption. Results: Smoking is one of the most important triggers of cancer, currently being responsible for 30% of cancers worldwide. On the other hand, the respiratory system is one of those that suffers the most from the impact of its consumption, being closely related to the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma and respiratory infections. In addition, it has a very important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, there is clear evidence that smoking is a cardiovascular risk factor, being closely related to the development of coronary heart disease, peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular accidents. Conclusions: Cigarette smoke contains particles that are potentially dangerous to the health of those who are exposed to them. In this way, cigarette smoking becomes an aetiological factor common to many types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nicotine, one of its components, is a powerful addictive agent. All this together makes cigarettes a major public health problem.

Resumen Introducción: El tabaquismo es un problema de salud de dimensiones epidémicas con un importante impacto sobre la salud de la población. Según la OMS, esta epidemia mata a más de 8 millones de personas. Además, es uno de los desencadenantes más importantes de enfermedades pulmonares crónicas, cardiovasculares y neoplásicas, por lo que es considerado el factor de riesgo de enfermedad y de muerte prematura evitable más importante a nivel mundial. Objetivo: En esta revisión bibliográfica se discutirá la evidencia actual del daño orgánico producido por el tabaco, los mecanismos fisiopatológicos mediante los cuales se produce y la relevancia en la prevención mediante el cese del consumo. Resultados: El hábito tabáquico es uno de los desencadenantes más importantes de cáncer, siendo actualmente el responsable del 30 % de los cánceres a nivel mundial. Por otro lado, el aparato respiratorio es uno de los que más sufre el impacto de su consumo, relacionándose de forma estrecha con el desarrollo de enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, asma e infecciones respiratorias. Además, tiene un rol muy importante en la patogenia de las enfermedades cardiovasculares; hay evidencia clara de que el tabaquismo constituye un factor de riesgo cardiovascular, estando muy relacionado con el desarrollo de cardiopatía coronaria, enfermedad arterial periférica y accidentes cerebrovasculares. Conclusiones: El humo del cigarrillo contiene partículas potencialmente peligrosas para la salud de quien está expuesto a ellas. De este modo, fumar cigarrillo se convierte en un factor etiológico común a muchos tipos de cáncer, de enfermedad cardiovascular y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica. La nicotina, uno de sus componentes, es un potente agente adictivo. Todo esto en su conjunto hace del cigarrillo un importante problema de salud pública.

Resumen Numerosos reportes demuestran la presencia de biomarcadores de estrés oxidativo en la saliva de fumadores y hay un creciente interés en correlacionar estos procesos moleculares con la etiología de algunas enfermedades orales, como la periodontitis, una enfermedad inmunoinflamatoria crónica relacionada con un desequilibrio de la homeostasis redox celular. Objetivo: realizar una revisión narrativa sobre la relación entre la disminución de la capacidad antioxidante salival inducida por humo de tabaco, la periodontitis y el potencial uso de farmacología redox para el tratamiento de esta patología. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en bases de datos como PUBMED (NLM, NIH, NCBI) y SciELO. Resultados: existe evidencia que relaciona la baja capacidad antioxidante salival con un retraso en el restablecimiento de las condiciones normales en la cavidad oral ante el desarrollo de periodontitis. A su vez, el estado inflamatorio asociado colabora sinérgicamente, provocando un mayor daño tisular con pérdida de tejidos de soporte dentario, fenómeno que podría ser modulado por la acción de farmacología redox. Conclusiones: la intervención con farmacología redox, podría atenuar los biomarcadores de progresión de la enfermedad periodontal, constituyendo una herramienta prometedora para utilizar en conjunto con las estrategias de tratamiento tradicionales.

Abstract Numerous reports demonstrate the presence of oxidative stress biomarkers in the saliva of smokers and there is a growing interest in correlating these molecular processes with the etiology of some oral diseases, such as periodontitis, a chronic immunoinflammatory disease related to an imbalance of cellular redox homeostasis. Aims: Achieve a narrative review on the relationship between the decrease in salivary antioxidant capacity induced by tobacco smoke, periodontitis, and the potential use of redox pharmacology for the treatment of this pathology. Methods: A bibliographic search was carried out in databases such as PUBMED (NLM, NIH, NCBI) and SciELO. Results: There is evidence that relates the low salivary antioxidant capacity with a delay in the reestablishment of normal conditions in the oral cavity before the development of periodontitis. In turn, the associated inflammatory state collaborates synergistically, causing greater tissue damage with loss of dental support tissues, a phenomenon that could be modulated by the action of redox pharmacology. Conclusions: Intervention with redox pharmacology could attenuate the biomarkers of periodontal disease progression, constituting a promising tool to be used in conjunction with traditional treatment strategies.

Resumo Muitos artigos demonstram a presença de biomarcadores de estresse oxidativo na saliva de fumantes e há um interesse crescente em correlacionar esses processos moleculares com a etiologia de algumas doenças bucais, como a periodontite, uma doença imunoinflamatória crônica relacionada a um desequilíbrio da redox celular homeostase. Objetivo: realizar uma revisão narrativa sobre a relação entre a diminuição da capacidade antioxidante salivar induzida pela fumaça do tabaco, periodontite e o uso potencial da farmacologia redox para o tratamento desta patologia. Métodos: uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi realizada usando bases de dados como PUBMED (NLM, NIH, NCBI) e SciELO. Resultados: há evidências que relacionam a baixa capacidade antioxidante salivar com o retardo no restabelecimento das condições normais da cavidade oral antes do desenvolvimento da periodontite. Por sua vez, o estado inflamatório associado colabora sinergicamente, causando maior dano tecidual com perda de tecidos de suporte dentário, fenômeno que poderia ser modulado pela ação da farmacologia redox. Conclusões: a intervenção com a farmacologia redox poderia atenuar os biomarcadores de progressão da doença periodontal, constituindo-se em uma ferramenta promissora para ser utilizada em conjunto com estratégias tradicionais de tratamento.