Resumen La diabetes mellitus es una enfermedad metabólica que se caracteriza por tener un aumento en los niveles de glucemia, causando un estado inflamatorio sistémico que puede afectar la cicatrización de las lesiones periapicales presentes en la periodontitis apical, una enfermedad inflamatoria crónica causada por una infección endodóntica cuyo desarrollo está regulado por la respuesta inmunitaria del huésped. La diabetes podría interactuar con la periodontitis apical al desencadenar la modulación inmunitaria, pudiendo afectar la respuesta clínica de las lesiones periapicales e interferir con la cicatrización después del tratamiento endodóntico. El objetivo de esta revisión de la literatura es analizar la evidencia respecto a la relación entre la diabetes mellitus y la presencia y severidad de la periodontitis apical de origen endodóntico. Se recopilaron artículos de las bases de datos PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science entre los años 2016 y 2021. Se eligieron 31 artículos pertinentes para el estudio. En el 41,6% de los estudios se encontró una mayor presencia de periodontitis apical en pacientes con diabetes asociada a una lesión apical más compleja y comprometida. Un 25% de los estudios encontró que los pacientes diabéticos mal controlados presentan mayor presencia de periodontitis apical. Un 25% de los estudios encontró que niveles altos de HbA1c se asocian a la presencia de periodontitis apical. Se encontró una relación entre la diabetes y la periodontitis apical, por lo que la diabetes debe ser considerada como un factor preoperatorio importante en el desarrollo y severidad de la periodontitis apical, sin embargo, se deben realizar estudios experimentales más estandarizados para poder determinar con mayor exactitud esta relación, además de poder indagar la bidireccionalidad entre ambos.

Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that is characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, causing a systemic inflammatory state that can affect the healing of periapical lesions present in apical periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease caused by an endodontic infection whose development is regulated by the host’s immune response. Diabetes could interact with apical periodontitis by triggering immune modulation, being able to affect the clinical outcome of periapical lesions and interfering with healing after endodontic treatment. The objective of this literature review is to analyze the evidence regarding the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the presence and severity of apical periodontitis of endodontic origin. Articles were collected from the PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases between the years 2016 and 2021. 31 relevant articles were included for this study. In 41.6% of the studies a greater presence of apical periodontitis was found in patients with diabetes associated with a more complex and compromised apical lesion. 25% of the studies reported that poorly controlled diabetic patients had a greater presence of apical periodontitis. 25% of the studies reported high levels of HbA1c in association with apical periodontitis. A relationship was found between diabetes and apical periodontitis, which means diabetes should be considered as an important preoperative factor in the development and severity of apical periodontitis; however, more standardized experimental studies should be carried out to determine this relationship more accurately, in addition to being able to investigate a bidirectionality between the two.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las gingivitis y periodontitis predominan en las embarazadas y se asocian, entre otros factores, a la edad gestacional, por lo que se sugiere una asociación entre el deterioro periodontal y el parto prematuro, los cuales constituyen problemas de salud a escala mundial. Objetivo: Identificar la frecuencia y gravedad de la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica en puérperas con parto prematuro. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y transversal de 250 puérperas con parto prematuro de recién nacidos vivos y gestaciones únicas, atendidas en los hospitales maternos de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba, desde el 2018 hasta el 2022. Las variables analizadas fueron prevalencia, tipo, gravedad y extensión de la enfermedad periodontal, profundidad y sangrado al sondaje, así como pérdida de inserción clínica. Para el análisis de las variables cuantitativas se emplearon como medidas de resumen la media, la desviación estándar y el coeficiente de variación; para las cualitativas, el porcentaje. Resultados: La enfermedad periodontal se halló en 54,0 % de las pacientes, con un predominio de la gingivitis (31,0 %), más frecuente en sus formas moderada y generalizada, así como de la periodontitis (23,0 %), con superioridad de las formas leves y localizadas. Conclusiones: La alta frecuencia de enfermedades periodontales con formas avanzadas en las puérperas demuestra la importancia de su prevención y control durante el embarazo, debido a su posible repercusión en la prematuridad.

Introduction: Gingivitis and periodontitis prevail in pregnant women and they are associated among other factors, with the gestational age, reason why an association between the periodontal deterioration and premature childbirth is suggested, which constitute health problems worldwide. Objective: To identify the frequency and seriousness of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in newly-delivered women with premature childbirth. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of 250 newly-delivered women with premature childbirth of alive newborn and unique gestations was carried out; they were assisted in the maternal hospitals of Santiago de Cuba province, from 2018 to 2022. The analyzed variables were prevalence, type, seriousness and extension of the periodontal disease, depth and bleeding in the survey, as well as loss of clinical insertion. For the analysis of quantitative variables the mean, standard deviation and variation coefficient were used as summary measures; for the qualitative ones, the percentage was used. Results: Periodontal disease was found in 54.0 % of the patients, with a prevalence of gingivitis (31.0 %), most frequent in its moderated and generalized forms, as well as periodontitis (23.0 %), with superiority in the light and localized ways. Conclusions: The high frequency of periodontal diseases with advanced forms in the newly-delivered women demonstrates the importance of its prevention and control during pregnancy, due to its possible repercussion in prematurity.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Chronic periodontal disease is characterized by an inmuno inflammatory process, of multifactorial origin, that affects the protective and insertion tissues of the teeth. It has been related to general alterations that can modify the host's defensive response. Among them patients undergoing hemodialysis therapy as a result of chronic kidney disease. The bibliographic review was carried out from September 2022 to February 2023. The PubMed, SciELO and Elsevier databases and the Google Scholar search engine were used. Objective: To deep in our knowledge about periodontitis as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease and oral manifestations in hemodialyzed patients. Development: Chronic immunoinflammatory periodontal disease aggravates the general health status of patients with different diseases, including chronic kidney disease, through several mechanisms. Periodontal Medicine is responsible for studying these relationships. Hemodialyzed patients have a systemic condition that predisposes them to the appearance of infectious diseases or the installation of local risk factors for dissimilar oral diseases, including periodontitis, which establishes a bidirectional relationship between the two. Conclusions: Periodontitis constitutes a modifiable risk factor for chronic kidney disease and, at the same time, one of the most frequent oral manifestations in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal crónica se caracteriza por un proceso inmunoinflamatorio, de origen multifactorial, que afecta los tejidos de protección e inserción de los dientes. Ha sido relacionada con alteraciones generales que pueden modificar la respuesta defensiva del hospedero. Entre ellas, los pacientes sometidos a terapia de hemodiálisis como consecuencia de enfermedad renal crónica. La revisión bibliográfica se realizó desde septiembre del 2022 hasta febrero del 2023. Se utilizaron las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO y Elsevier y el motor de búsqueda Google Académico. Objetivo: Profundizar en los conocimientos sobre la periodontitis como factor de riesgo de la enfermedad renal crónica y las manifestaciones bucales en los pacientes hemodializados. Desarrollo: La enfermedad periodontal inmunoinflamatoria crónica, agrava el estado de salud general de pacientes con diferentes enfermedades, entre ellas la enfermedad renal crónica, a través de varios mecanismos. Es la medicina periodontal la encargada del estudio de estas relaciones. Los pacientes hemodializados poseen una condición sistémica que los predispone a la aparición de enfermedades infecciosas o a la instalación de factores de riesgo locales de disímiles enfermedades bucales, entre ellas, la periodontitis, lo que establece una relación bidireccional entre ambas. Conclusiones: La periodontitis constituye un factor de riesgo modificable para la enfermedad renal crónica y, al mismo tiempo, una de las manifestaciones bucales más frecuentes en los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by loss of attachment with concomitant bone resorption and deepened grooves due to apical migration of the junctional epithelium. Viruses may participate in its pathogenesis; infectious agents unique in biology, including the SARS-CoV-2 that causes the COVID-19. Therefore, researchers have proposed theories that try to explain the possible association of this virus with periodontitis, considering that a bidirectional relationship exists between both. A bibliographic review on this topic was carried out from January 2021 to May 2023, using Google Scholar, the PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Objective: Describe the available information on the association between periodontitis and COVID-19. Development: In periodontitis, poor oral hygiene produces a dysbiosis of the oral microbiome that triggers the appearance of periodontopathogens; The entry of the SARS-CoV-2 can subvert the immune system, which causes a serious association of periodontal diseases with COVID-19. This virus can interact with the oral microbiome and cause excessive growth of pathobionts that aggravate the formation of periodontal pockets. Conclusions: It is considered that the association between the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 with periodontitis is bidirectional, the effect of the virus on the immune system can aggravate periodontitis and the effects of chemical mediators of periodontitis make it more vulnerable the patient infected by SARS-CoV-2 to develop a coinfection.

RESUMEN Introducción: La periodontitis es la enfermedad crónica inflamatoria caracterizada por la pérdida de inserción con reabsorción ósea concomitante y surcos profundizados por migración apical del epitelio de unión. En su patogenia pueden participar los virus; agentes infecciosos únicos en biología, entre ellos el SARS-CoV-2 causante de la COVID-19. Los investigadores han planteado teorías que tratan de explicar la posible asociación de este virus con la periodontitis, al considerar que existe entre ambas una relación bidireccional. Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica sobre este tema de enero de 2021 a mayo de 2023, con el uso del Google Académico, las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE y LILACS. Objetivo: Describir la información disponible sobre la asociación entre la periodontitis y la COVID-19. Desarrollo: En la periodontitis la deficiente higiene bucal produce una disbiosis del microbioma oral que desencadena la aparición de periodontopatógenos; la entrada del SARS-CoV-2 puede subvertir el sistema inmune, lo que provoca asociación grave de las enfermedades periodontales con la COVID-19. El virus puede interactuar con el microbioma oral y provocar crecimiento excesivo de patobiontes que agravan la formación de bolsas periodontales. Conclusiones: Se considera que la asociación entre la enfermedad producida por el SARS-CoV-2 con la periodontitis es bidireccional, el efecto del virus en el sistema inmunológico puede agravar la periodontitis y los efectos de mediadores químicos de la periodontitis hacen más vulnerable al paciente contagiado por el SARS-CoV-2 para desarrollar una coinfección.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Este trabajo tiene como propósito determinar, mediante una revisión sistemática de literatura, la relación entre el virus del herpes simple (VHS) y la periodontitis estadio IV, con el fin de orientar la terapéutica para el tratamiento de esta entidad. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct y SciELO, empleando la lista de comprobación PRISMA. Se incluyeron revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis sobre diseños de estudios experimentales, estudios de biología molecular y estudios in vivo humanos acerca de la relación del herpes virus simple tipo 1 y la periodontitis estadio IV, publicados entre el 2017 y 2022, en español e inglés, en una búsqueda que se realizó entre el 8 y 22 de abril de 2022. Tres artículos resultaron elegibles, aplicando los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, de un total inicial de 1.797. Resultados: Las revisiones examinadas comprueban una relación más convincente del virus del herpes humano, aumentada por su presencia y asociación con la enfermedad periodontal en estadios avanzados, como la periodontitis estadio IV, en comparación con pacientes sanos y con gingivitis. Conclusiones: El manejo farmacológico coadyuvante de la terapia periodontal en pacientes con periodontitis estadio IV, acompañado de terapia antibiótica y antiviral, puede reducir o erradicar el herpes simple en sitios con enfermedad periodontal.

ABSTRACT Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine, through a systematic review of the literature, the relationship between the herpes simplex virus (HSV) and stage IV periodontitis to guide therapeutics for the treatment of this entity. Methodology: The method was a systematic review of the literature in PubMed, Elsevier, Science Direct and SciELO databases, using the PRISMA checklist. Systematic review documentation and meta-analysis about experimental study designs, molecular biology studies, and in vivo studies on the relationship between herpes simplex virus type 1 and stage IV periodontitis, published between 2017 and 2022, in Spanish and English were obtained in a search conducted between April 8 and 22, 2022. Three articles were eligible after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, out of an initial total of 1.797. Results: The reviewed articles show a more consistent relationship of the human herpes virus, increased by its presence and association with advanced stage periodontal disease, such as stage IV periodontitis, compared to healthy patients and patients with gingivitis. Conclusion: Pharmacological management as adjuvant of periodontal therapy in patients with stage IV periodontitis, accompanied by antibiotic and antiviral therapy, can reduce or eliminate herpes simplex in sites with periodontal disease.

Resumo Objetivos: A doença dos pequenos vasos cerebrais refere-se a um conjunto de processos patológicos, cró,nicos e progressivos que afetam as arteríolas, capilares e pequenas veias responsáveis pela vascularização da substância branca e estruturas profundas da substância cinzenta. Métodos: Foram avaliados 43 doentes hipertensos, com idades compreendidas entre os 38 e os 82 anos e sem antecedentes cardiovasculares, dos quais 42% eram do género feminino e 50% eram diabéticos. Foi estudada a associação entre a média da profundidade de sondagem, média da perda de inserção, hemorragia pós-sondagem e área total de superfície periodontal inflamada com as hiperintensidades da substância branca diagnosticadas por ressonância magnética. Foi considerado um nível de significância estatística (α) de 0.05, e aplicados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A média da profundidade de sondagem, hemorragia pós-sondagem e área total de superfície periodontal inflamada correlacionaram-se inversamente com as hiperintensidades da substância branca. Pelo contrário, a análise dos dados mostrou uma correlação positiva entre a média da perda de inserção e as hiperintensidades da substância branca. Conclusões: No nosso estudo, e com a nossa amostra, menores valores de profundidade de sondagem, hemorragia pós-sondagem e área total de superfície periodontal inflamada correspondem a um maior número de hiperintensidades da substância branca. Em sentido inverso, a maiores perdas de inserção estão associadas mais lesões de substância branca identificadas por ressonância magnética.

Abstract Objectives: Cerebral small vessel disease is a chronic, progressive disorder of arterioles, capillaries, and small veins supplying the brain’s white matter and deep structures of gray matter. The latest evidence seems to suggest that chronic oral infections such as periodontitis contribute to cerebral small vessel disease progression. This study evaluated the relationship between periodontal disease and brain white matter hyperintensities. Methods: Forty-three hypertensive patients, aged between 38-82, without previous cardiovascular events, of which 42% were female and 50% diabetic, were evaluated. An association between mean probing depth, mean attachment level, bleeding on probing, total periodontal inflamed surface area, and white matter hyperintensities diagnosed by magnetic resonance was studied. A significance level (α) of 0.05 was considered, and Pearson’s chi-square and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. Results: Data analysis revealed an inverse correlation between mean probing depth, bleeding on probing, total periodontal inflamed surface area, and white matter hyperintensities. A positive correlation was found between mean attachment level and white matter hyperintensities. Conclusions: In our study and within our sample, lower values of mean probing depth, bleeding on probing, and total periodontal inflamed surface area were associated with more White matter hyperintensities. Contrarily, mean attachment level was positively associated with white matter hyperintensities.

ABSTRACT Introduction: aging is a process by which an individual undergoes physical, organic, psychological and cognitive changes. Chronic inflammation resulting in periodontitis has been marked as one of the current potential risk factors for mild cognitive impairment. Objective: to identify the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment. Methods: an observational, analytical and retrospective study of cases and controls was carried out from January to July 2023, in the office no.3 belonging to the health area of the Teaching Polyclinic "Ramón López Peña" of the province of Santiago de Cuba. The study population consisted of 203 older adults living in this community during the aforementioned period. Thirty older adults were chosen by simple random sampling as cases, according to Petersen's criteria and with an Addenbrooke's cognitive test score of 84 or less. Three controls were selected for each case, 90 older adults with a score above 85 points on the assessment instrument. Results: a significant association was found between mild cognitive impairment and periodontitis (p < 0,05), presenting three times the risk of suffering the disease. Its advanced form was a cause of mild cognitive impairment in 36,6 % of the total cases. Conclusions: by means of this brief study, the association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment, given by chronic oral inflammation, was proved.

RESUMEN Introducción: el envejecimiento es un proceso por el cual un individuo presenta cambios físicos, orgánicos, psicológicos y cognitivos. La inflamación crónica que produce la periodontitis se ha marcado como uno de los factores de riesgo en potencia actualmente del deterioro cognitivo leve. Objetivo: identificar la asociación entre la periodontitis y el deterioro cognitivo leve. Métodos: se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico y retrospectivo, de tipo casos y controles en el período comprendido de enero a julio del año 2023, en el Consultorio no.3 perteneciente al área de salud del Policlínico Docente "Ramón López Peña" de la provincia de Santiago de Cuba. La población de estudio estuvo constituida por 203 adultos mayores que vivían en esta comunidad durante el periodo antes mencionado. Se escogieron por muestreo aleatorio simple 30 adultos mayores como casos, según los criterios de Petersen y con un puntaje del examen cognitivo de Addenbrooke, de 84 o menos. Se seleccionaron tres controles por cada caso, 90 adultos mayores con un puntaje superior a los 85 puntos en el instrumento evaluativo. Resultados: se encontró una asociación significativa entre el deterioro cognitivo leve y la periodontitis (p < 0,05), presentando tres veces más el riesgo de padecer la enfermedad. Su forma avanzada fue una causa de deterioro cognitivo leve en un 36,6 % del total de los casos. Conclusiones: por medio de este breve estudio se comprobó la asociación entre la periodontitis y el deterioro cognitivo leve, dada por una inflamación crónica oral.

RESUMEN Las enfermedades periodontales son consideradas entre las más comunes entre las patologías bucales. Su frecuencia es cada vez más elevada en la población y existen varias patologías sistémicas y hábitos que empeoran su cuadro clínico. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar la frecuencia y características clínicas de pacientes con enfermedades periodontales que acuden a la cátedra de periodoncia en la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción en el período de 2011 al 2019. Estudio Observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, se procesaron 477 fichas clínicas de pacientes de la cátedra de Periodoncia de la Universidad Autónoma de Asunción desde el año 2011 al 2019. El tipo de muestreo utilizado fue no probabilístico por conveniencia. De las 477 fichas solo se analizaron 317 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Fueron el 56.46 % de sexo femenino y 43,53 % de sexo masculino, la mediana de edad fue de 33 (23-48) años. El 53% los pacientes presentaban periodontitis crónica y comorbilidades como diabetes e hipertensión arterial. Solo el 11,9 % fueron fumadores. En cuanto a los pacientes diabéticos la mayoría eran de sexo femenino y de edad avanzada, presentando como diagnóstico más frecuente la periodontitis crónica. El diagnóstico clínico más frecuente de la población estudiada fue la periodontitis crónica, seguido por la gingivitis.

ABSTRACT Periodontal diseases are considered among the most common among oral pathologies. Its frequency is increasingly higher in the population and there are several systemic pathologies and habits that worsen its clinical condition. The objective of this work was to determine the frequency and clinical characteristics of patients with periodontal diseases who attend the periodontics department at the Autonomous University of Asunción in the period from 2011 to 2019. Observational, descriptive, retrospective study, 477 clinical records were processed. of patients from the Department of Periodontics at the Autonomous University of Asunción from 2011 to 2019. The type of sampling used was non-probabilistic for convenience. Of the 477 records, only 317 patients who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. They were 56.46% female and 43.53% male, the median age was 33 (23-48) years. 53% of the patients had chronic periodontitis and comorbidities such as diabetes and high blood pressure. Only 11.9% were smokers. Regarding diabetic patients, the majority were female and elderly, with chronic periodontitis as the most frequent diagnosis. The most frequent clinical diagnosis of the studied population was chronic periodontitis, followed by gingivitis.

RESUMEN Introducción: La enfermedad periodontal es común en el mundo, y una de las principales causas de pérdida de dientes en adultos, asociada con enfermedades cardiovasculares. Objetivo: Describir la enfermedad periodontal inflamatoria crónica en pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal de marzo 2018 a septiembre 2021, en el Cardiocentro «Ernesto Che Guevara» y en la Facultad de Estomatología de la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara. Se obtuvo una muestra de 140 pacientes a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios. Constituyeron variables de estudio: edad, sexo, enfermedad periodontal y enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica; variables médicas (tiempo con la enfermedad, índice de masa corporal, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, niveles plasmáticos de leucocitos); variables periodontales (pérdida de inserción clínica, higiene bucal y sangramiento). Para evaluar la asociación entre variables se utilizó el test de independencia con una distribución Chi Cuadrado. La asociación de la enfermedad periodontal con la enfermedad arterial coronaria y periférica, se evaluó mediante análisis de regresión logística multivariable. Resultados: El 60,7 % de los pacientes son masculinos; una edad media de 57,25 (72,9 %) presentó periodontitis, y el 84,7 % fueron obesos. Se evidenció una relación significativa entre la enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica y las variables periodontales en cuanto a severidad. Conclusiones: Entre los factores de riesgo aterogénicos establecidos, el de mayor influencia para la enfermedad periodontal fue el índice de masa corporal. Los pacientes con enfermedad cardiovascular aterosclerótica, según criterios de inclusión y parámetros analizados, presentan probabilidad de tener enfermedad periodontal.

ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontal disease is common in the world and is one of the main causes of tooth loss associated with cardiovascular diseases in adults. Objective: to describe chronic inflammatory periodontal disease in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Methods: a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out from March 2018 to September 2021 at Cardiocentro «Ernesto Che Guevara» Hospital and the Dental Faculty at Villa Clara University of Medical Sciences. A sample of 140 patients was obtained through intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria. Age, gender, periodontal disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease were the studied variables; medical variables (time with the disease, body mass index, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, plasma leukocyte levels); periodontal variables (loss of clinical attachment, oral hygiene and bleeding). The Chi square test of independence was used to evaluate the association among variables. The association of periodontal disease with coronary and peripheral artery disease was evaluated by multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results: the 60.7% were males; a mean age of 57.25 (72.9%) had periodontitis and 84.7% were obese. A significant relationship was evident between atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and periodontal variables in terms of severity. Conclusions: body mass index was among the greatest atherogenic risk factors for periodontal disease.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las periodontitis y la preeclampsia son afecciones multifactoriales que poseen similitudes en sus fisiopatologías. Objetivo: Determinar la posible relación de riesgo entre la periodontitis y la preeclampsia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico (casos y controles) en el Hospital Provincial General Universitario «Mártires del 9 de Abril» de Sagua la Grande, entre enero de 2019 y junio de 2022. La muestra (112) se seleccionó a través de un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios. Las variables del estudio fueron: edad, nivel educacional, forma clínica de la enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica, factores de riesgo de preeclamsia, extensión y severidad de la periodontitis e higiene bucal. Resultados: Predominó el grupo etáreo entre 20 y 34, que representó el 60,71 % del total. El 67.86 % de las gestantes estudiadas tuvo preeclampsia como forma clínica de enfermedad hipertensiva gravídica. La periodontitis moderada prevaleció en el grupo estudio (32,14 %). Predominaron, como factores de riesgo de preeclampsia: la enfermedad hipertensiva durante el embarazo previo (78,57 %), el índice de masa corporal mayor que 28,6 kg/m2SC (70,97 %) y la hipertensión arterial crónica (63,64 %). El 75% de las gestantes tuvo higiene bucal deficiente, con ligero predominio en el grupo estudio (41, 07 %). Conclusiones: la periodontitis constituyó un factor de riesgo para desarrollar la preeclampsia en la población estudiada.

ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontitis and preeclampsia are multifactorial conditions that have similarities in their pathophysiologies. Objective: to determine the possible risk relationship between periodontitis and preeclampsia. Methods: an analytical case and control study was carried out at "Mártires del 9 de Abril" Provincial General University Hospital in Sagua la Grande between January 2019 and June 2022. The sample (112) was selected through an intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria. Age, educational level, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, risk factors for preeclampsia, extension and severity of periodontitis and oral hygiene were the studied variables. Results: age group (20-34 years) predominated, which represented 60.71% from the total. The 67.86% of the studied pregnant women had preeclampsia as a clinical form of hypertensive disease during pregnancy. Moderate periodontitis prevailed in the study group (32.14%). Hypertensive disease during previous pregnancy (78.57%), body mass index greater than 28.6 kg/m2BSA (70.97%) and chronic arterial hypertension (63.64%) were the predominant risk factors for preeclampsia. The 75% of the pregnant women had poor oral hygiene with a slight predominance in the study group (41.07%). Conclusions: periodontitis was a risk factor for developing preeclampsia in the studied population.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los tratamientos quirúrgicos periodontales pueden beneficiarse con la aplicación de biomateriales que favorezcan la regeneración de los tejidos. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos asociado al tratamiento quirúrgico convencional en los defectos óseos angulares de la periodontitis crónica. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación cuasi-experimental, desde marzo de 2016 a septiembre de 2018. Se empleó un muestreo no probabilístico intencional por criterios, el cual quedó constituido por 21 pacientes y se conformaron dos grupos; 132 sitios estudio recibieron terapia quirúrgica convencional más aplicación de una membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos como biomaterial autólogo, mientras otros 133 sitios control solo recibieron tratamiento quirúrgico convencional. Las variables estudiadas fueron: edad, sexo, presencia de placa dentobacteriana, profundidad y sangramiento al sondeo, movilidad dentaria, ganancia ósea y efectividad del proceder. Los datos obtenidos fueron procesados mediante el software estadístico SPSS versión 15.0. Resultados: El rango de edad, de 21-31 años, fue el más representativo, con predominio del sexo masculino. Los sitios tratados con el biomaterial autólogo mostraron los mejores resultados, destacándose la pérdida de inserción clínica y una mayor ganancia ósea. Conclusiones: El tratamiento con la membrana de fibrina rica en plaquetas y leucocitos, como biomaterial autólogo, fue más efectivo; puede ser una alternativa eficaz en situaciones donde los signos y síntomas de la enfermedad periodontal avanzada sean notables.

ABSTRACT Introduction: periodontal surgical treatments can benefit from the application of biomaterials that promote tissue regeneration. Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane associated with conventional surgical treatment for angular bone defects in chronic periodontitis. Methods: a quasi-experimental research was carried out from March 2016 to September 2018. An intentional non-probabilistic sampling by criteria was used, consisting of 21 patients and made up of two groups; 132 study sites received conventional surgical therapy plus application of a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane as an autologous biomaterial while another 133 control sites only received conventional surgical treatment. Age, gender, presence of dental plaque, depth and bleeding on probing, tooth mobility, bone gain and effectiveness of the procedure were the variables studied. Data obtained were processed using the SPSS 15.0 statistical software. Results: 21-31 years old and males predominated. Sites treated with the autologous biomaterial showed the best results, highlighting the loss of clinical attachment and greater bone gain. Conclusions: treatment with a leucocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin membrane as an autologous biomaterial was more effective; it can be an effective alternative in situations where the signs and symptoms of advanced periodontal disease are notable.

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of “non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT)” on periodontal and renal parameters in periodontitis patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: The review protocol has been registered in Prospero (CRD42020150938). Up to November 2019, we searched the PUBMED database without language constraints. We included randomized controlled (parallel-group or cross-over) trials with CKD and chronic periodontitis in adults aged 18 years and above. Three review authors independently assessed the studies. Three review writers gathered data and simultaneously assessed the risk of bias for individual trials using traditional Cochrane procedures. Results: Studies showed high variability. Three randomized clinical trials (RCT) were excluded because of high heterogeneity; meta-analysis could not be performed. Conclusion: Non-surgical periodontal therapy effectively improves periodontal and renal parameters. However, a meta-analysis could not be performed because of the high heterogeneity among the studies. Objective nonsurgical non surgical NSPT (NSPT) disease Methods CRD42020150938. CRD42020150938 CRD . (CRD42020150938) 2019 constraints parallelgroup parallel group crossover cross over cross-over 1 above studies procedures Results variability RCT (RCT metaanalysis meta analysis Conclusion Nonsurgical Non However (NSPT CRD4202015093 (CRD42020150938 201 CRD420201509 (CRD4202015093 20 CRD42020150 (CRD420201509 2 CRD4202015 (CRD42020150 CRD420201 (CRD4202015 CRD42020 (CRD420201 CRD4202 (CRD42020 CRD420 (CRD4202 CRD42 (CRD420 CRD4 (CRD42 (CRD4 (CRD

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the orientation of dental practitioners in understanding the probable relationship between COVID-19 and periodontal infection and the measures they took toward periodontal health during the pandemic. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted, including registered dentists in Moradabad. The questionnaire provided was a self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire with 26 questions, shared via an online survey link utilizing Google Forms. The data collected was tabulated and statistically evaluated. Results: The participants implemented many preventive measures in their daily lives against COVID-19, such as hand washing, frequent hand sanitization, face shields, mouth masks, social distancing not, being in overcrowded places, using HEPA filters and different combinations of protective measures against COVID-19. 82.23% of participants learned from the official websites of organizations like the Ministries of Health, WHO, and professional organizations about COVID-19. Conclusion: Most participants endorsed oral hygiene measures and the use of mouthwashes by their patients, yet a significant number of dental surgeons needed to be made aware of a probable correlation between COVID-19 infection and chronic periodontitis. Objective COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic Methods crosssectional cross sectional questionnairebased based conducted Moradabad selfadministered, selfadministered self administered, administered self-administered closedended closed ended 2 questions Forms evaluated Results COVID19, 19, washing sanitization shields masks not places COVID19. 19. 8223 82 23 82.23 Health WHO Conclusion patients periodontitis COVID1 1 COVID- 822 8 82.2 82.

Demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (DFDBA) contains bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), hence is osteoinductive. Autologous platelet concentrates exhibit a higher quantity of growth factors. Both these biomaterials aid in bone regeneration when placed in three-wall intrabony defects. However, their efficacy when used alone and in conjugation is not clear. Aim To assess clinical and radiographic efficacy of injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF) with microsurgical access flap in the treatment of three-wall intrabony defects in chronic periodontitis patients. Methods Thirty sites with three-wall intrabony defects were randomly assigned to control and test group by computer generated method. The test group obtained i-PRF mixed with DFDBA while the control group received only DFDBA. Clinical parameters such as site-specific Plaque index (PI), Radiographic intrabony defect depth (IBDD), modified-Sulcular bleeding index (mSBI), Clinical attachment level (CAL), and Probing pocket depth (PPD) were measured at baseline, three and six months. Results Intragroup comparison within the control group and test group exhibited statistically highly significant variation of mean PI, mSBI, PPD, CAL, and IBDD score from baseline to 3 months and from 3-6 months (p<0.001). However, intergroup comparison demonstrated no statistically significant variation of mean IBDD at all 3 intervals (p>0.05). Conclusion i-PRF combined with DFDBA enhanced the radiographic and clinical parameters as opposed to DFDBA alone. The role of i-PRF is promising in its capacity for easy obtainability and increased potential to aid in regeneration. freezedried freeze dried (DFDBA BMPs, BMPs , (BMPs) osteoinductive factors threewall wall However clear plateletrich rich iPRF i PRF (i-PRF patients method sitespecific site specific PI (PI) IBDD, (IBDD) modifiedSulcular modified Sulcular mSBI (mSBI) CAL (CAL) PPD (PPD 36 6 3- p<0.001. p0001 p p<0.001 . 0 001 (p<0.001) p>0.05. p005 p>0.05 05 (p>0.05) (BMPs (PI (IBDD (mSBI (CAL p000 p<0.00 00 (p<0.001 p00 p>0.0 (p>0.05 p<0.0 (p<0.00 p0 p>0. (p>0.0 p<0. (p<0.0 p>0 (p>0. p<0 (p<0. p> (p>0 p< (p<0 (p> (p< (p

Resumo Periodontite é uma doença inflamatória crônica comum caracterizada pela perda de osso alveolar. O alto teor de polifenóis na casca do cacau (Theobroma cacao L) tem o potencial de influenciar o metabolismo ósseo e contribuir para a inibição da reabsorção óssea. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o potencial anti-osteoclastogênico da casca do cacau (Theobroma cacao L.) em um estudo in silico e in vivo. Uma análise do potencial anti-osteoclastogênico dos compostos bioativos do T. cacao foi realizada por simulações de docking molecular. Trinta ratos Wistar machos (Rattus novergicus) foram aleatoriamente selecionados em grupos controle negativo (gel placebo), controle positivo (gel de doxiciclina a 2%) e grupos de tratamento (gel com extrato de casca de cacau a 10%), e as medições foram feitas nos dias 7 e 14. Ratos Wistar foram induzidos com 0,05 ml de P. gingivalis a uma concentração de 2x10^9 UFC/ml de forma intrasulcular no molar maxilar para atingir a periodontite. O número de osteoclastos foi observado por coloração de hematoxilina e eosina, o nível de TNF-α foi observado por ensaio imunoenzimático, e a expressão de RANKL foi observada por coloração imunohistoquímica. Os dados foram analisados usando ANOVA de uma via para examinar a diferença entre os grupos. O estudo in silico mostrou que a catequina, epicatequina, quercetina e procyanidina B2 tinham uma forte afinidade de ligação para TNF-α e RANKL. A administração de 10% de CPH reduziu o número de osteoclastos (p<0,05), o nível de TNF-α nos dias 7 e 14 (p<0,05) e a expressão de RANKL no dia 7 (p<0,05) em ratos experimentais com periodontite. A administração de 10% de CPH inibiu a osteoclastogênese nos ratos com periodontite experimental alveolar Theobroma L óssea antiosteoclastogênico anti osteoclastogênico L. vivo T molecular Rattus novergicus gel placebo, placebo , placebo) 2% 2 10%, 10 10%) 005 0 05 0,0 P 2x109 x 2x10 9 2x10^ UFCml UFC eosina TNFα TNF α imunoenzimático imunohistoquímica catequina epicatequina B p<0,05, p005 p p<0,05 1 (p<0,05 00 0, 2x1 p00 p<0,0 (p<0,0 2x p0 p<0, (p<0, p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p

Abstract Periodontitis is a common chronic inflammatory disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. The high polyphenol content in cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L) has the potential to influence bone metabolism and contribute to the inhibition of bone resorption. The aim of this study was to analyze the anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of cocoa pod husk (Theobroma cacao L.) in both in silico and in vivo study. An analysis of the anti-osteoclastogenesis potential of T. cacao bioactive compounds was conducted using molecular docking simulations. Thirty male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were randomly assigned to control negative groups (placebo gel), control positive groups (2% doxycycline gel), and treatment groups (10% cocoa pod husk (CPH) extract gel), with measurements taken on days 7 and 14. Wistar rats were induced with 0.05 ml of P. gingivalis at a concentration of 2x109 CFU/ml intrasulcularly in the maxillary molar to achieved in periodontitis. The number of osteoclasts was observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, the level of TNF-α was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of RANKL was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA to examine the differences between the groups. The in silico study showed that the catechin, epicatechin, quercetin, and procyanidin B2 had a strong binding affinity for TNF-α and RANKL. Administration of 10% CPH reduced the number of osteoclasts (p<0.05), TNF-α level on days 7 and 14 (p<0.05), and RANKL expression on day 7 (p<0.05) in experimental rats with periodontitis. Administering 10% CPH inhibited osteoclastogenesis in the experimental periodontitis rats. loss Theobroma L resorption antiosteoclastogenesis anti L. T simulations Rattus novergicus placebo gel, gel , gel) 2% 2 (2 10 (10 (CPH 005 0 05 0.0 P x 2x10 CFUml CFU staining TNFα TNF α enzymelinked enzyme linked assay Oneway One way catechin epicatechin quercetin B p<0.05, p005 p p<0.05 1 (p<0.05 ( (1 00 0. 2x1 p00 p<0.0 (p<0.0 2x p0 p<0. (p<0. p<0 (p<0 p< (p< (p