Abstract COVID-19 infection prevention measures have enhanced risks of abuse for children, especially in terms of high vulnerability to technology. Despite the rise in technology-assisted child sexual abuse (TA-CSA), little research has been conducted on Child Healthcare Workers’ perceptions beyond reporting on young people’s experiences. This novel study aims to understand how Childcare Workers perceive technology-assisted child sexual abuse, risks, impacts, therapeutics, and perceptions of need. Qualitative research methodology was used for the study. Child healthcare workers volunteering to participate in the study were approached by a purposive sampling strategy and interviewed in person. Field notes were taken to record the conversation. Grounded theory approach was used to analyze the results to eliminate bias associated with presumptive knowledge from literature. Participants reported an exponential rise in cases of TA-CSA during the COVID-19 pandemic. Impacts of TA-CSA such as self- blame, fear of offender, and inability to manage emotions were the most common and peculiar aspects of TA-CSA in this population. Though the childcare workers recognized the risks and impacts of TA-CSA, they were unaware of the need for distinct frameworks and therapeutic approaches essential for handling cases of TA-CSA. Complexities in TA-CSA necessitate an algorithm in addressing TA-CSA as a separate entity. Therapy should be focused on the specific impacts of TA-CSA. Further, the observations of the study stipulate the exigent shift in community perspective from blaming the victim to shaming the offender.

Resumen Las medidas de prevención de la infección por COVID-19 han aumentado los riesgos de abuso para los niños, especialmente en términos de alta vulnerabilidad a la tecnología. A pesar del aumento en el abuso sexual infantil asistido por tecnología (TA-CSA), se ha realizado poca investigación sobre las percepciones de los Trabajadores de la Salud Infantil más allá de informar sobre las experiencias de los jóvenes. Este nuevo estudio tiene como objetivo comprender cómo perciben los Trabajadores de la Salud Infantil el abuso sexual infantil asistido por tecnología, los riesgos, impactos, terapias y percepciones de necesidad. Se utilizó una metodología de investigación cualitativa para el estudio. Los trabajadores de la salud infantil que se ofrecieron como voluntarios para participar en el estudio fueron abordados mediante una estrategia de muestreo intencional y entrevistados en persona. Se tomaron notas de campo para registrar la conversación. Se utilizó un enfoque de teoría fundamentada para analizar los resultados y eliminar el sesgo asociado con el conocimiento presunto de la literatura. Los participantes informaron un aumento exponencial en los casos de TA-CSA durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Los impactos de TA-CSA, como la autoacusación, el miedo al agresor y la incapacidad para gestionar las emociones, fueron los aspectos más comunes y peculiares de TA-CSA en esta población. Aunque los trabajadores de la salud infantil reconocieron los riesgos e impactos de TA-CSA, desconocían la necesidad de marcos distintos y enfoques terapéuticos esenciales para manejar los casos de TA-CSA. Las complejidades en TA-CSA requieren un algoritmo para abordar TA-CSA como una entidad separada. La terapia debe centrarse en los impactos específicos de TA-CSA. Además, las observaciones del estudio estipulan el cambio exigente en la perspectiva de la comunidad de culpar a la víctima por avergonzar al agresor.

Abstract: The purpose of this article is identify social conditions of child labor as workers in the haciendas of the Estado de México, during the Porfirian period, when the discourse intended to make the school the ideal space for childhood. The analysis of child labor based on variables such as wages, work activities, sex, ethnicity, family relationships, vagrancy and school absenteeism; makes a reflection on legislative positions, family context and school difficulties. The investigation explores the causes and the consequences of child labor on the haciendas, with the objective to understand its impact on the rural schooling project, which was part of the liberal policies in search of social homogeneity. Also, this situation represented a paradox due to the modern notion of childhood.

Resumen: Este artículo busca identificar las condiciones sociales de los niños trabajadores como peones dentro de las haciendas del Estado de México, durante el periodo en que el discurso porfiriano buscó hacer de la escuela el espacio idóneo para la infancia. El análisis del trabajo infantil a partir de variables como los jornales, las actividades laborales, el sexo, la etnia, las relaciones familiares, la vagancia y el ausentismo escolar, reflexiona en torno a posturas legislativas, contextos familiares y dificultades escolares. El texto explora las causas y las consecuencias del trabajo infantil en las haciendas para comprender su impacto frente al proyecto de escolarización rural, que formaba parte de las políticas liberales en busca de la homogeneidad social; lo que también representó una paradoja respecto al desarrollo de la noción moderna de infancia.

Abstract Background: Early detection of suspected neurodevelopmental delay allows for timely diagnosis and appropriate intervention, for which numerous screening tests have been developed. However, most are complex and impractical for health-care workers at the community level. This study aimed to validate the KARVI scale in the neurodevelopment assessment of children under 1 year of age. Methods: We conducted an observational, longitudinal, comparative, inferential, and prospective study. Healthy children without risk factors for developing neurodevelopmental delay from 0 to 12 months of age were evaluated remotely using the Zoom® application. The Child Development Evaluation Test and the KARVI scale were applied once a month for four consecutive months. Results: Fifty individuals were analyzed, with a predominance of males in 52%. Adequate percentages for a screening test were obtained in the first evaluation with a sensitivity of 70% (confidence interval [CI] 95% 34.75-93.33) and a specificity of 75% (CI 95% 58.8-87.31), and in the fourth evaluation with a sensitivity of 100% (CI 95% 29.4-100) and a specificity of 78.72% (CI 95% 64.34-89.3), being significant in both evaluations (p = 0.007 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusions: The KARVI scale has the elements to be an effective screening test for suspected neurodevelopmental delay, but more extensive studies are needed to obtain more reliable results.

Resumen Introducción: La identificación temprana de retraso en el neurodesarrollo permite un diagnóstico oportuno y una intervención apropiada. Para ello, se han creado diversas pruebas de tamizaje; sin embargo, la mayoría son complejas y poco prácticas para el personal de la salud a nivel comunitario. El objetivo del estudio fue realizar la validación de la escala KARVI en la valoración del neurodesarrollo en niños menores de un año. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, longitudinal, comparativo inferencial y prospectivo, en el cual se evaluaron, vía remota mediante la aplicación Zoom®, niños sanos de 0 a 12 meses de edad sin factores de riesgo para desarrollar retraso en el neurodesarrollo. Se aplicaron la prueba EDI (Evaluación del Desarrollo Infantil) y la escala KARVI una vez al mes por cuatro meses consecutivos. Resultados: Se analizaron 50 individuos, con predominio del sexo masculino en el 52%. Se obtuvieron porcentajes adecuados para una prueba de tamizaje tanto en la primera evaluación, con sensibilidad de 70% (IC 95% 34.75-93.33) y especificidad de 75% (IC 95% 58.8-87.31), como en la cuarta, con sensibilidad de 100% (IC 95% 29.4-100) y especificidad de 78.72% (IC 95% 64.34-89.3), con significación estadística en ambas evaluaciones (p = 0.007 y p = 0.001, respectivamente). Conclusiones: Se considera que la escala KARVI cuenta con los elementos para considerarla como una prueba de tamizaje efectiva para detectar retraso del neurodesarrollo, sin embargo. Sin requieren estudios más extensos para obtener resultados más confiables.

Resumen Este artículo pretende conocer cómo se pone en práctica el enfoque intercultural en el contexto del Modelo de Atención Integral de Salud con enfoque Familiar, Comunitario e Intercultural en Chugchilán (Ecuador), mediante los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas que aplica el equipo de salud en la atención materno-infantil. Estudio etnográfico, en que participaron 21 profesionales sanitarios entre profesionales indígenas -técnicos de atención primaria de salud- y no indígenas del Centro de Salud. Las técnicas llevadas a cabo fueron observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos generados se analizaron mediante análisis del contenido temático. El análisis de los datos evidenció que la hegemonía del modelo biomédico operante podría constituir una limitación en el desarrollo del enfoque intercultural, sin embargo, el personal de salud indígena, desde su rol ambiguo y contrario al modelo biomédico, emerge como un elemento contrahegemónico y articulador real entre los saberes biomédicos e indígenas en contextos interculturales de atención-autoatención.

Abstract This article aims to discover the intercultural practical approach in the context of the Comprehensive Healthcare Model within family, community, and interculturality in Chugchilán, Ecuador, via the recognition of knowledge, perceptions, and practices applied by the health team in maternal and child care. In this ethnographic study 21 health professionals, both Indigenous and non-indigenous from Chugchilán Health Center have participated, among the Indigenous health care workers were the primary health care technicians. The techniques applied were participant observation and in-depth interviews. The observed scenarios were the Health Center and excursion with community to record their daily life experiences. The generated data were examined using thematic content analysis. It showed that the operating biomedical hegemonic model could constitute one of the main limitations in the development of the intercultural approach. Even though Indigenous healthcare team holds an ambiguous and sometimes contrary role to the biomedical model, it has emerged as a counter-hegemonic element and real conciliator between biomedical and indigenous knowledge in intercultural contexts of care-self-care.

This article aims to deepen and theorise our understanding of the need for belonging among young people transitioning out of residential care. The study adopted a qualitative approach, with a sample of 31 residential care-leavers in South Africa, who were followed-up annually for seven years. It addresses the lack of theoretically informed studies and builds an indigenous theory to explain the care-leaving journey. This paper presents findings on care-leavers' deep desire for authentic belonging, their investment in building authentic relationships, and their frustration and failure in doing so. Implications for practice suggest an imperative to build care-leavers' sense of belonging after removal from home to care, which will ultimately lead to building resilience. Social workers and child and youth care workers need to co-build networks of belonging to foster young people's perceptions of themselves and the part that belonging plays in their post-care reintegration.

In the Republic of South Africa care-leavers are faced with numerous challenges after being discharged in terms of the provisions of the Children's Act 38 of 2005, Section 175 (Republic of South Africa [RSA], 2006). The aim of this study was to explore the challenges and barriers experienced by youths leaving the foster care system in South Africa. The researcher adopted a qualitative research approach to achieve the aim of this study. The findings revealed that youths leaving the foster care system are faced with social challenges, including a lack of communication with their foster parents or caregivers, little cooperation from parents or caregivers, few re-unification services, a lack of housing, and disconnection from other foster children. In addition, youths leaving care experience financial challenges such as unemployment and the abuse of the foster child grant by their foster parents. They also experience educational challenges, with many dropping out of school. Furthermore, youths leaving care face sexual challenges, including sexual abuse, prostitution and teenage pregnancy. For these reasons it is crucial for policymakers, social workers and all social service practitioners to work together to deliver a more expansive safety net for youths leaving care, and to address the fundamental challenges they face.

Parenting enhancement contributes to the development of positive child behaviour and strengthening of family connectedness. This qualitative study explores the experiences of 10 experts (social workers, child and youth care workers, and researchers) in the field of parenting through semi-structured interviews to strengthen family connectedness in families with children with behavioural problems (FCBPs). Using Tesch's qualitative analysis, three main themes emerged: (a) barriers to family connectedness, (b) parenting styles, and (c) parenting programmes in strengthening family connectedness. The findings of the study highlight the barriers experienced by experts and the lack of evidence-based parenting programmes in the strengthening of family connectedness in FCBPs in rural areas in South Africa. The study therefore recommends that practitioners in the field of parenting should receive specialised parenting training on how to strengthen family connectedness in FCBPs.

The National Plan of Action (Department of Social Development, 2021) identified child-headed households (CHHs) as an increasing social problem in South Africa. Section 150 of the Children's Act, 38 of 2005 (Republic of South Africa [RSA], 2005), and the Children's Amendment Act, 41 of 2007 (RSA, 2007), consider children living in CHHs as children in need of care and protection, and give guidelines on services to these households. Currently, there is no certainty about the successful implementation of these guidelines to address the needs of this target group. This study, therefore, used a qualitative research approach with semi-structured interviews with social workers to investigate their views on applying section 137 of Children's Amendment Act, 41 of 2007 (RSA, 2007). This study found that there were gaps to address in the social work services provided to CHHs and the implementation of the Act. Some of the main recommendations included continued training and research on the implementation of the Act.

BACKGROUND: During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, there was a reduction in access to prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) services globally, yet this programme is critical for reducing paediatric HIV incidence. To minimise the impact of COVID-19 and prevent disruptions to the PMTCT service provision, innovative strategies had to be developed and implemented. AIM: The study aimed to describe the approaches that were developed and utilised during the COVID-19 pandemic in enhancing PMTCT services in Tshwane primary healthcare facilities. SETTINGS: Three primary healthcare facilities that were providing PMTCT services during the COVID-19 pandemic located in the Tshwane district, Gauteng province, South Africa. METHODS: The study is part of a larger study that focused on the experiences of healthcare workers who were rendering PMTCT services during the COVID-19 pandemic. An interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) design was employed to gain insight into the experiences of 16 purposively sampled healthcare workers who were providing PMTCT services during the pandemic in Tshwane district facilities. In-depth individual audio-recorded interviews were conducted with study participants, following a semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis was performed using an IPA framework. RESULTS: Three superordinate themes emerged: strategies utilised for providing care, community-based initiatives, and support systems to enhance the PMTCT service access. CONCLUSION: Strengthening community-based initiatives and support systems is important for the enhancement of the PMTCT programme during and beyond the pandemic. CONTRIBUTION: Community-based initiatives are critical in continuity of PMTCT services, reducing HIV incidence, under-five child morbidity and mortality particularly during emergency situations.

BACKGROUND: HIV-positive and pregnancy diagnosis is a traumatic, shocking, and distressing experience for women. Adoption of routine HIV counselling and testing in the antenatal programme aimed to increase the uptake and the early diagnosis of HIV among pregnant women to prevent maternal HIV transmission to unborn babies and neonates. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to explore the psychological reaction of women coincidentally discovering their HIV-positive status and pregnancy while seeking medical care in primary healthcare facilities in the Tshwane district. METHOD: Descriptive phenomenology involving a semi-structured in-depth interview was used to collect data. The sample was purposively selected. Twenty-eight women participated in the research project. Face-to-face in-depth audio recorded interviews were used to gain a full understanding of the experiences and feelings of the participants. RESULTS: Reason for the uptake of pregnancy and HIV testing, reactions upon discovering HIV and pregnancy-positive status, emotions arising from the pregnancy and HIV-positive diagnosis, understanding HIV infection in pregnancy, and transitions to acceptance and coping with the HIV-positive diagnosis were themes that emerged from this study. CONCLUSION: It is crucial that responsible healthcare workers consider this psychological imbalance during their offering of antenatal and postnatal care services so that the pregnant women living with HIV can accept and cope with the situation. CONTRIBUTION: This study accounts to support other studies that offer intense counselling for women coincidentally discovering their positive HIV status and pregnancy. It is important to remedy the acceptance of the situation and to promote HIV prevention and family planning for women of childbearing age.

BACKGROUND: Childhood hearing loss is a global health concern. Despite the proven benefits of neonatal hearing screening (NHS), it is not yet mandated in South Africa. The lack of awareness of hearing loss and absence of NHS leads to delayed diagnosis and adverse developmental outcomes for affected children. AIM: The study aimed to assess the availability of NHS services across primary healthcare (PHC) facilities in the City of Cape Town (CCT). SETTING: Surveys were conducted with 26 PHC facilities in the CCT metropolitan areas that offer mother and child healthcare services. METHODS: Surveys gathered data through online and telephone methods. The surveys aimed to assess the availability and nature of NHS services, care pathways and training of healthcare professionals regarding NHS. RESULTS: None of the facilities used objective screening methods to screen hearing or have standardised care pathways for at-risk babies. Instead, they relied on parental concerns, with the use of the Road to Health book. None of the respondents reported having received hearing screening training, and the majority of participants (62%) lacked confidence in their knowledge of ear and hearing care. CONCLUSION: The absence of NHS services highlights the need for standardised protocols and increased awareness among healthcare workers and caregivers. Implementing NHS services could facilitate earlier diagnosis and intervention of hearing loss for infants in the Western Cape. CONTRIBUTION: This study's findings could guide efforts to improving access to NHS access at PHC level in Cape Town, ultimately providing early hearing screening services to infants.

BACKGROUND: As part of the Reengineering Primary Health Care initiative, the South African National Department of Health (NDoH) has committed to expanding access to home-based care provided by community health workers. The NDOH also prioritised Community Health Workers (CHWs) in their agenda to improve child development outcomes in South Africa. However, there is limited research on CHWs' experiences and knowledge of early childhood development AIM: To explore CHWs' motivation for work, their background, training and scope of work around Early Child Development (ECD SETTING: The study was conducted in Mopani District, Limpopo province, South Africa, in 2017 METHODS: Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 41 CHWs participating within a large cluster-randomised study. Data were analysed thematically using an inductive approach RESULTS: Community health workers' motivation to work was influenced by personal experiences, community needs and community service. In terms of knowledge, CHWs indicated that a nutritious diet with extended breastfeeding, immunisations and preschool education is imperative for a child to thrive. The Road to Health Booklet, weighing scales and the mid-upper arm circumference tape were used as screening tools for ECD. Community health workers perceived their knowledge around ECD to be insufficient CONCLUSION: Community health workers play a crucial role in healthcare; therefore, capacity development on ECD and the provision of ECD screening tools to optimise their under-five child visits are necessary CONTRIBUTION: This study will potentially contribute to the improvement of the CHW programme in ensuring that children under 5 years of age are holistically cared for to ensure that they thrive

Abstract This article aims to discover the intercultural practical approach in the context of the Comprehensive Healthcare Model within family, community, and interculturality in Chugchilán, Ecuador, via the recognition of knowledge, perceptions, and practices applied by the health team in maternal and child care. In this ethnographic study 21 health professionals, both Indigenous and non-indigenous from Chugchilán Health Center have participated, among the Indigenous health care workers were the primary health care technicians. The techniques applied were participant observation and in-depth interviews. The observed scenarios were the Health Center and excursion with community to record their daily life experiences. The generated data were examined using thematic content analysis. It showed that the operating biomedical hegemonic model could constitute one of the main limitations in the development of the intercultural approach. Even though Indigenous healthcare team holds an ambiguous and sometimes contrary role to the biomedical model, it has emerged as a counter-hegemonic element and real conciliator between biomedical and indigenous knowledge in intercultural contexts of care-self-care. family Ecuador perceptions 2 professionals nonindigenous non participated technicians indepth depth interviews experiences analysis counterhegemonic counter careselfcare. careselfcare self care-self-care

Resumen Este artículo pretende conocer cómo se pone en práctica el enfoque intercultural en el contexto del Modelo de Atención Integral de Salud con enfoque Familiar, Comunitario e Intercultural en Chugchilán (Ecuador), mediante los conocimientos, percepciones y prácticas que aplica el equipo de salud en la atención materno-infantil. Estudio etnográfico, en que participaron 21 profesionales sanitarios entre profesionales indígenas -técnicos de atención primaria de salud- y no indígenas del Centro de Salud. Las técnicas llevadas a cabo fueron observación participante y entrevistas en profundidad. Los datos generados se analizaron mediante análisis del contenido temático. El análisis de los datos evidenció que la hegemonía del modelo biomédico operante podría constituir una limitación en el desarrollo del enfoque intercultural, sin embargo, el personal de salud indígena, desde su rol ambiguo y contrario al modelo biomédico, emerge como un elemento contrahegemónico y articulador real entre los saberes biomédicos e indígenas en contextos interculturales de atención-autoatención. Familiar Ecuador, Ecuador , (Ecuador) conocimientos maternoinfantil. maternoinfantil materno infantil. infantil materno-infantil etnográfico 2 técnicos profundidad temático embargo indígena atenciónautoatención. atenciónautoatención autoatención. autoatención atención-autoatención (Ecuador

Abstract The health of migrant workers on the Bioceanic Route requires comprehensive actions, and it is necessary to understand their issues and problems. This is a theoretical reflection article whose objective was to comprehend the possibilities of health surveillance actions for workers in migration situations on the Bioceanic Route in Mato Grosso do Sul. For the identification of these elements, a narrative review of the literature was used, in light of a theoretical framework. Use the portal States National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (Medline/PubMed), applying the terms: “Surveillance of the Workers Health”; “Health Vulnerability”; “Transients and Migrants”; combined with the Boolean operator “AND”. Five aspects that constitute health worker surveillance were identified: assistance, surveillance, notification, planning, and management. In the context of assistance, it is crucial to provide access to health services, including emergency care, maternal and child care, and treatment of communicable and work-related diseases. Health surveillance should focus on prevention and health promotion through actions centered on identifying occupational risks, accidents, and work-related illnesses. The collection and analysis of epidemiological data are essential to guide surveillance actions and implement appropriate measures, made possible through notifications. For planning and management, it is necessary to strengthen partnerships with social devices, enhance the worker health care network, and regularize the work of these migrants to combat precarious and illegal practices. It is concluded that public policies should be addressed to the dimensions that make up the surveillance of the worker's health, aiming to ensure better living conditions for migrant workers in the Bioceanic Route. problems Sul elements used framework Medline/PubMed, MedlinePubMed Medline/PubMed , Medline PubMed (Medline/PubMed) terms Surveillance Health” Vulnerability Vulnerability” Transients Migrants Migrants” AND. AND . “AND” identified assistance notification management services workrelated related diseases risks accidents illnesses measures notifications devices network practices s (Medline/PubMed “AND

Resumo A saúde dos trabalhadores migrantes na Rota Bioceânica requer ações abrangentes, e é necessário compreender seus problemas e agravos. Este ensaio tem o objetivo de compreender as possibilidades de ações de vigilância da saúde dos trabalhadores em situações de migração na Rota Bioceânica em Mato Grosso do Sul. Para identificar esses elementos, foi utilizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura considerando um referencial teórico. Utilizou-se o portal States National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (Medline/ PubMed), aplicando os termos: “Surveillance of the Workers Health”; “Health Vulnerability”; “Transients and Migrants”; combinados com o operador booleano “AND”. Foram identificados cinco aspectos que compõem a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador: assistência, vigilância, notificação, planejamento e gestão. No contexto da assistência, é crucial fornecer acesso aos serviços de saúde, incluindo atendimento emergencial, cuidados materno-infantis e tratamento de doenças transmissíveis e relacionadas ao trabalho. A vigilância da saúde deve focar na prevenção e promoção da saúde com ações pautadas na identificação de riscos ocupacionais, acidentes e doenças relacionadas ao trabalho. A coleta e análise de dados epidemiológicos são fundamentais para direcionar ações de vigilância e implementar medidas adequadas, possível por meio das notificações. Para o planejamento e gestão deve-se fortalecer parcerias com dispositivos sociais, e a rede de atenção à saúde do trabalhador, regularizando o trabalho e combatendo práticas precárias e ilegais. Conclui-se que políticas públicas devem ser direcionadas às dimensões que compõem a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, visando assegurar melhores condições de vida aos migrantes trabalhadores na rota bioceânica. abrangentes agravos Sul elementos teórico Utilizouse Utilizou se Medline/ Medline (Medline PubMed, PubMed , PubMed) termos Surveillance Health” Vulnerability Vulnerability” Transients Migrants Migrants” AND. AND . “AND” trabalhador assistência notificação emergencial maternoinfantis materno infantis ocupacionais adequadas notificações devese sociais ilegais Concluise Conclui bioceânica “AND

Resumen La salud del trabajador migrante en la ruta bioceánica requiere acciones integrales, siendo necesario comprender sus problemas y agravios. Este es un artículo de reflexión teórica cuyo objetivo fue comprender las posibilidades de las acciones de vigilancia en salud del trabajador en situaciones de migración en la ruta bioceánica en Mato Grosso do Sul. Para una identificación desses elementos, utilizou-se a revision narrativa da literatura, à luz de um referencial teórico. Utilizou-se o portal State National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (Medline/PubMed), aplicando os termos: “Vigilancia de la Salud de los Trabajadores”; “Vulnerabilidad en Salud”; “Transitorios y Migrantes”; combinados con el operador boleeano “AND”. Se identificaron cinco aspectos que componen la vigilancia en salud del trabajador: asistencia, vigilancia, notificación, planificación y gestión. En el contexto de la asistencia, es crucial proporcionar acceso a servicios de salud, incluyendo atención de emergencia, cuidados materno-infantiles y tratamiento de enfermedades transmisibles y relacionadas con el trabajo. La vigilancia de la salud debe centrarse en la prevención y promoción de la salud a través de acciones basadas en la identificación de riesgos ocupacionales, accidentes y enfermedades relacionadas con el trabajo. La recolección y análisis de datos epidemiológicos son fundamentales para orientar las acciones de vigilancia e implementar medidas adecuadas, lo cual es posible mediante notificaciones. Para la planificación y gestión, es necesario fortalecer las alianzas con dispositivos sociales, mejorar la red de atención a la salud del trabajador y regularizar el trabajo de estos migrantes para combatir prácticas precarias e ilegales. Conclui-se que las políticas públicas deben ser dirigidas a las dimensiones que compõem a vigilância em saúde do trabalhador, visando assegurar melhores condições de life aos migrantes trabalhadores na rota bioceânica. integrales agravios Sul elementos utilizouse utilizou se literatura teórico Utilizouse Utilizou Medline/PubMed, MedlinePubMed Medline/PubMed , Medline PubMed (Medline/PubMed) termos Vigilancia Trabajadores Trabajadores” Vulnerabilidad Salud” Transitorios Migrantes Migrantes” AND. AND . “AND” asistencia notificación gestión emergencia maternoinfantiles materno infantiles ocupacionales adecuadas notificaciones sociales ilegales Concluise Conclui trabalhador bioceânica (Medline/PubMed “AND

ABSTRACT Objective to assess family care for children and social network support during the covid-19 pandemic. Method a cross-sectional study, with 57 mothers/guardians of children aged two to ten years in Recife, PE. Data were collected virtually, applying a structured questionnaire on Google Forms® from June ato August 2021. The chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test were used to associate support, difficulties and socioeconomic, housing, care and biological variables. Student’s t-test and Wilcoxon’s test were used to analyze changes in care for continuous variables. Results there was an increase in processed/ultra-processed food consumption (p=0.036) and in the number of meals (p=0.000) and a reduction in satisfaction with the help of teachers (p=0.047). Difficulty in care was associated with help from domestic workers (p=0.011), changes in diet (p=0.026) and not reconciling care with other activities (p=0.039). Support from the social network in care was evident (78.9%). Conclusion and implications for practice there was difficulty in reconciling care with other activities, change in children’s eating patterns and routine, support from the social network in general and reduction in satisfaction with support from teachers. Healthcare and education professionals must provide support to families in care aimed at promoting child health. covid19 covid 19 covid-1 pandemic crosssectional cross sectional study 5 mothersguardians mothers guardians Recife PE virtually Forms 2021 chisquare chi square Fishers Fisher s socioeconomic housing variables Students Student ttest t Wilcoxons Wilcoxon processed/ultraprocessed processedultraprocessed processed/ultra processed ultra p=0.036 p0036 p 0 036 (p=0.036 p=0.000 p0000 000 (p=0.000 p=0.047. p0047 p=0.047 . 047 (p=0.047) p=0.011, p0011 p=0.011 , 011 (p=0.011) p=0.026 p0026 026 (p=0.026 p=0.039. p0039 p=0.039 039 (p=0.039) 78.9%. 789 78.9% 78 9 (78.9%) childrens routine health covid1 1 covid- 202 ultraprocessed processedultra p=0.03 p003 03 (p=0.03 p=0.00 p000 00 (p=0.00 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.047 p001 p=0.01 01 (p=0.011 p=0.02 p002 02 (p=0.02 (p=0.039 78.9 7 (78.9% 20 p=0.0 p00 (p=0.0 (p=0.04 (p=0.01 78. (78.9 2 p=0. p0 (p=0. (78. p=0 (p=0 (78 p= (p= (7 (p (

RESUMO Objetivo avaliar os cuidados familiares às crianças e o apoio da rede social durante a pandemia de covid-19. Método estudo transversal, com 57 mães/responsáveis por crianças de doia a dez anos em Recife, PE. Os dados foram coletados virtualmente, aplicando-se questionário estruturado no Google Forms® de junho a agosto de 2021. Para associação entre apoio, dificuldades e variáveis socioeconômicas, de habitação, de cuidados e biológicas, utilizaram-se o teste qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. Na análise das mudanças nos cuidados, em variáveis contínuas, aplicaram-se o teste t de Student e o teste de Wilcoxon. Resultados houve aumento no consumo de alimentos processados/ultraprocessados (p=0,036) e no número de refeições (p=0,000) e redução na satisfação com o auxílio dos professores (p=0,047). A dificuldade nos cuidados foi associada à ajuda de trabalhador doméstico (p=0,011), às mudanças na alimentação (p=0,026) e a não conciliar o cuidado com outras atividades (p=0,039). Evidenciou-se apoio da rede social no cuidado (78,9%). Conclusão e implicações para a prática houve dificuldade em conciliar os cuidados com outras atividades, mudança no padrão alimentar e rotina das crianças, apoio da rede social em geral e redução na satisfação com o apoio dos professores. Profissionais de saúde e educação devem proporcionar apoio às famílias no cuidado voltado à promoção da saúde infantil. covid19. covid19 covid 19. 19 covid-19 transversal 5 mãesresponsáveis mães responsáveis Recife PE virtualmente aplicandose aplicando se Forms 2021 socioeconômicas habitação biológicas utilizaramse utilizaram quiquadrado qui quadrado Fisher contínuas aplicaramse aplicaram Wilcoxon processadosultraprocessados processados ultraprocessados p=0,036 p0036 p 0 036 (p=0,036 p=0,000 p0000 000 (p=0,000 p=0,047. p0047 p=0,047 . 047 (p=0,047) p=0,011, p0011 p=0,011 , 011 (p=0,011) p=0,026 p0026 026 (p=0,026 p=0,039. p0039 p=0,039 039 (p=0,039) Evidenciouse Evidenciou 78,9%. 789 78,9% 78 9 (78,9%) infantil covid1 1 covid-1 202 p=0,03 p003 03 (p=0,03 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,00 p004 p=0,04 04 (p=0,047 p001 p=0,01 01 (p=0,011 p=0,02 p002 02 (p=0,02 (p=0,039 78,9 7 (78,9% covid- 20 p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 (p=0,04 (p=0,01 78, (78,9 2 p=0, p0 (p=0, (78, p=0 (p=0 (78 p= (p= (7 (p (

RESUMEN Objetivo evaluar el cuidado familiar de los niños y el apoyo de las redes sociales durante la pandemia de covid-19. Método estudio transversal, con 57 madres/tutores de niños de dos a diez años en Recife, PE. Los datos se recolectaron de manera virtual, aplicando un cuestionario estructurado en Google Forms ® de junio a agosto de 2021. Para asociar apoyo, dificultades y variables socioeconómicas, habitacionales, de cuidados y biológicas se utilizó la prueba de chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher. En el análisis de cambios en la atención, en variables continuas, se aplicó la prueba t de Student y la prueba de Wilcoxon. Resultados hubo un aumento en el consumo de alimentos procesados/ultraprocesados (p=0,036) y en el número de comidas (p=0,000) y una reducción en la satisfacción con la ayuda de los docentes (p=0,047). La dificultad en el cuidado se asoció con la ayuda de una trabajadora doméstica (p=0,011), cambios en la dieta (p=0,026) y no combinar el cuidado con otras actividades (p=0,039). Se evidenció apoyo de la red social en el cuidado (78,9%). Conclusión e implicaciones para la práctica hubo dificultad para conciliar el cuidado con otras actividades, cambio en los patrones y rutinas alimentarias de los niños, apoyo de la red social en general y reducción de la satisfacción con el apoyo de los docentes. Los profesionales de la salud y la educación deben brindar apoyo a las familias en cuidados destinados a promover la salud infantil. covid19. covid19 covid 19. 19 covid-19 transversal 5 madrestutores madres tutores Recife PE virtual 2021 socioeconómicas habitacionales chicuadrado chi cuadrado Fisher atención continuas Wilcoxon procesadosultraprocesados procesados ultraprocesados p=0,036 p0036 p 0 036 (p=0,036 p=0,000 p0000 000 (p=0,000 p=0,047. p0047 p=0,047 . 047 (p=0,047) p=0,011, p0011 p=0,011 , 011 (p=0,011) p=0,026 p0026 026 (p=0,026 p=0,039. p0039 p=0,039 039 (p=0,039) 78,9%. 789 78,9% 78 9 (78,9%) infantil covid1 1 covid-1 202 p=0,03 p003 03 (p=0,03 p=0,00 p000 00 (p=0,00 p004 p=0,04 04 (p=0,047 p001 p=0,01 01 (p=0,011 p=0,02 p002 02 (p=0,02 (p=0,039 78,9 7 (78,9% covid- 20 p=0,0 p00 (p=0,0 (p=0,04 (p=0,01 78, (78,9 2 p=0, p0 (p=0, (78, p=0 (p=0 (78 p= (p= (7 (p (