ABSTRACT Nutritional assessment of mango trees based on diagnostic methods considering nutritional balance is recommended. This study aimed to establish optimum nutritional ranges using diagnostic methods, compare them, identify the most efficient diagnostic method, and select the nutrients responding best to the application of the diagnostic method. The study was conducted in commercial mango orchards in the São Francisco Valley. Nutritional content was calculated using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones), modified DRIS (M-DRIS-Beaufils; M-DRIS-Jones), compositional nutrient diagnosis (CND), and mathematical chance (ChM) methods and compared using the chi-square test. Principal component analysis was applied to select the most efficient diagnostic method and the nutrients responsible for the greatest variability. The DRIS-Beaufils, M-DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones, CND, and ChM methods generated nutritional sufficiency ranges for the evaluated cultivars. The nutritional diagnoses of the DRIS-Beaufils and M-DRIS-Beaufils methods were similar and discordant with those of DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones, and CND. The DRIS-Beaufils method, updated by Maia, proved to be more consistent for the nutritional assessment of mango trees. The nutrients N, P, K, Mg, and S in the Tommy Atkins cultivar; N, P, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, Mo, and Cl in the Kent cultivar; and N, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo, and Cl in the Keitt cultivar showed significant responses to the application of the DRIS-Beaufils method updated by Maia. recommended them Valley DRISBeaufils, DRISBeaufils Beaufils, Beaufils (DRIS-Beaufils DRISJones, DRISJones Jones , DRIS-Jones) MDRISBeaufils M (M-DRIS-Beaufils MDRISJones, MDRISJones M-DRIS-Jones) CND (CND) (ChM chisquare chi square test variability MDRISBeaufils, Jones, DRIS-Jones M-DRIS-Jones cultivars Maia N P K Mg B Mn Zn Mo Ca Cu Fe (CND

RESUMO A avaliação nutricional em mangueiras baseada em métodos diagnósticos que consideram o equilíbrio nutricional tem sido recomendada. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: estabelecer faixas nutricionais ótimas por métodos diagnósticos e compará-las entre si; identificar o método diagnóstico mais eficiente na determinação de desequilíbrios nutricionais; e selecionar os nutrientes que melhor respondem à aplicação do método diagnóstico. O estudo foi realizado em pomares comerciais de mangueira no Vale do São Francisco-PE, Brasil. Foram calculados os teores nutricionais pelos métodos Sistema Integrado de Diagnóstico e Recomendação (DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones), DRIS Modificado (M-DRIS-Beaufils; M-DRIS-Jones), Diagnose da Composicão Nutricional (CND) e Chance Matemática (ChM) e comparados entre si pelo teste qui-quadrado. A análise de componentes principais foi aplicada para selecionar o método diagnóstico mais eficiente e os nutrientes responsáveis pela maior variabilidade. Os métodos DRIS Beaufils, M-DRIS Beaufils, DRIS Jones, M-DRIS Jones, CND e ChM geraram faixas de suficiência nutricional para as cultivares avaliadas. Os diagnósticos nutricionais dos métodos DRIS-Beaufils e M-DRIS Beaufius foram semelhantes entre si e discordantes dos métodos DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS-Jones e CND que foram semelhantes. O método DRIS Beaufils atualizado por Maia mostrou-se mais consistente na avaliação nutricional de mangueiras. Os nutrientes N, P, K, Mg e S na cultivar Tommy Atkins; N, P, Mg, S, B, Mn, Zn, Mo e Cl na cultivar Kent; e N, P, K, Ca, S, B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mo e Cl na cultivar Keitt apresentam potencial de resposta significativa à aplicação do método DRIS-Beaufils atualizado por Maia. recomendada comparálas compará las FranciscoPE, FranciscoPE Francisco PE, PE Francisco-PE Brasil DRISBeaufils, DRISBeaufils (DRIS-Beaufils DRISJones, DRISJones Jones , DRIS-Jones) MDRISBeaufils M (M-DRIS-Beaufils MDRISJones, MDRISJones M-DRIS-Jones) (CND (ChM quiquadrado. quiquadrado qui quadrado. quadrado qui-quadrado variabilidade MDRIS avaliadas DRIS-Jones mostrouse mostrou se N P K Atkins B Mn Zn Kent Ca Cu Fe

ABSTRACT Chinch bugs [Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae)] suck the phloem from susceptible forage grasses, injecting toxins that destroy plant vessels and compromise the flow of water and nutrients, leading to plant death. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess eight forage grasses for antixenosis resistance to B. pulchellus and compare the anatomical characteristics of leaf sheath tissue from resistant and susceptible species/cultivars. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory and greenhouse, using choice and no-choice tests with the following forage grasses: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. humidicola, U. brizantha ‘Piatã’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, Panicum maximum ‘Mombaça’, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, and Andropogon gayanus. The oviposition results demonstrated that in the choice test there was a change in the stink bug’s behavior in relation to grasses four hours after infestation, with U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’ and A. gayanus, proving to be less attractive to insects. It is concluded that U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, and A. gayanus are less attractive to B. pulchellus. A. gayanus and P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’ showed non-preference resistance (antixenosis) to oviposition by B. pulchellus. The resistance of U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, and A. gayanus to B. pulchellus may be associated with greater compaction and lignification of the parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells of leaf sheaths. Blissus Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae Blissidae) nutrients death Thus B speciescultivars species cultivars species/cultivars greenhouse nochoice no ruziziensis U humidicola ‘Piatã, Piatã ‘Piatã , ‘Piatã’ ‘Paiaguás, Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás’ ‘Marandu, Marandu ‘Marandu ‘Mombaça, Mombaça ‘Mombaça P ‘Zuri, Zuri ‘Zuri bug s infestation A insects nonpreference non preference (antixenosis sheaths

RESUMO Os percevejos-das-gramíneas [Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae)] sugam a seiva de espécies forrageiras suscetíveis e injetam toxinas que destroem os vasos condutores e dificultam o transporte de água e nutrientes, levando as plantas a morte. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência por antixenose e tolerância em oito poáceas forrageiras à B. pulchellus e comparar as características anatômicas dos tecidos das bainhas foliares de espécies/cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, em testes com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando-se as forrageiras: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. humidicola, U. brizantha ‘Piatã’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, Panicum maximum ‘Mombaça’, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, e Andropogon gayanus. Os resultados de oviposição demonstraram que no teste de escolha houve uma mudança no comportamento do percevejo em relação às gramíneas quatro horas após infestação, sendo U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’ e A. gayanus menos atrativos para os insetos. Conclui-se que U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, e A. gayanus são menos atrativas a B. pulchellus. A. gayanus, e P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’ apresentam resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição a B. pulchellus. A resistência de U. humidicola, P. maximum Zuri, e A. gayanus a B. pulchellus pode estar associada a maior compactação e lignificação das células dos tecidos parenquimático e esclerenquimático das bainhas foliares. percevejosdasgramíneas percevejos Blissus Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae Blissidae) nutrientes morte Assim B espéciescultivares cultivares vegetação utilizandose utilizando se ruziziensis U humidicola ‘Piatã, Piatã ‘Piatã , ‘Piatã’ ‘Paiaguás, Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás’ ‘Marandu, Marandu ‘Marandu ‘Mombaça, Mombaça ‘Mombaça P ‘Zuri, Zuri ‘Zuri infestação insetos Concluise Conclui nãopreferência não preferência

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é examinar os efeitos da internação no final de semana na mortalidade hospitalar de pacientes com infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) no Brasil. Foram utilizadas informações do Sistema de Informação Hospitalar do Sistema Único de Saúde (SIH/SUS) de pacientes internados em urgência com diagnóstico de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) entre 2008 e 2018, disponibilizados por meio da Autorização de Internação Hospitalar (AIH). Foram usados modelos de regressão logística multivariada, controlando as características observáveis do paciente, características do hospital e efeitos fixos de ano e hospital. Os resultados foram consistentes com a existência do efeito fim de semana. Para o modelo ajustado com a inclusão de todos os controles, a chance de óbito observada para indivíduos internados no final de semana é 14% maior. Nossos resultados indicaram que provavelmente existe uma variação importante na qualidade da assistência hospitalar dependendo do dia em que o paciente fica internado. Internações em finais de semana foram associadas à mortalidade por IAM intra-hospitalar no Brasil. Pesquisas futuras devem analisar os possíveis canais por trás do weekend effect para subsidiar políticas públicas que possam efetivamente tornar o atendimento equitativo. (IAM Brasil SIH/SUS SIHSUS SIH SUS (SIH/SUS 200 2018 AIH. AIH . (AIH) multivariada controles 14 maior internado intrahospitalar intra equitativo 20 201 (AIH 1 2

Abstract This article aims to examine the effects of weekend admission on in-hospital mortality for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Brazil. Information from the Hospital Information System of the Unified Health System (SIH/SUS) of urgently admitted patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) between 2008 and 2018 was used, made available through the Hospital Admission Authorization (AIH). Multivariable logistic regression models, controlling for observable patient characteristics, hospital characteristics and year and hospital-fixed effects, were used. The results were consistent with the existence of the weekend effect. For the model adjusted with the inclusion of all controls, the chance of death observed for individuals hospitalized on the weekend is 14% higher. Our results indicated that there is probably an important variation in the quality of hospital care depending on the day the patient is hospitalized. Weekend admissions were associated with in-hospital AMI mortality in Brazil. Future research should analyze the possible channels behind the weekend effect to support public policies that can effectively make healthcare equitable. inhospital (AMI Brazil SIH/SUS SIHSUS SIH SUS (SIH/SUS 200 201 used AIH. AIH . (AIH) models hospitalfixed fixed controls 14 higher equitable 20 (AIH 1 2

Resumo A busca masculina por um amor romântico idealizado, por meio de caminhos urbanos marcados pelo acaso, é tema recorrente na narrativa de Julio Cortázar. Analisamos e comparamos as transposições audiovisuais de dois contos de Cortázar nos quais é possível reconhecer diferentes modulações deste romance urbano: os filmes Der gläserne Himmel (Alemanha, 1987), de Nina Grosse, baseado no conto “O outro céu”; e Jogo subterrâneo (Brasil, 2005), de Roberto Gervitz, baseado em “Manuscrito encontrado num bolso”. Ambos os filmes mostram a versatilidade das ficções de Cortázar ao se cruzarem com diferentes gêneros, épocas e contextos. Ao mesmo tempo, reconfiguram a assimetria na construção dos protagonistas masculinos e das personagens femininas, apresentadas como símbolos e não como indivíduos na narrativa de Cortázar.

Resumen La búsqueda masculina de un amor romántico idealizado por medio de recorridos urbanos signados por el azar constituye un tópico recurrente en la narrativa de Julio Cortázar. Se analizan y comparan las transposiciones audiovisuales de dos cuentos de Cortázar en los que es posible reconocer diferentes modulaciones del romance urbano cortazariano: los largometrajes Der gläserne Himmel (Alemania, 1987), de Nina Grosse, basado en el cuento “El otro cielo”; y Jogo subterraneo (Brasil, 2005), de Roberto Gervitz, basado en “Manuscrito hallado en un bolsillo”. Ambos films manifiestan la versatilidad de las ficciones cortazarianas para cruzarse con géneros, épocas y contextos diversos. A la vez, reconfiguran la asimetría en la construcción de los protagonistas masculinos y los personajes femeninos, presentados como símbolos antes que como individuos en la narrativa de Cortázar.

Abstract The masculine search for an idealized romantic love through urban journeys marked by chance is a recurring topic in the narrative of Julio Cortázar. We analyze and compare the film adaptations of two short stories by Cortázar, in which it is possible to recognize different modulations of this urban romance: Der gläserne Himmel (Germany, 1987), by Nina Grosse, based on the story “The Other Sky”; and Jogo subterraneo (Brazil, 2005), by Roberto Gervitz, based on “Manuscript Found in a Pocket”. Both films show the versatility of Cortazar's fictions to intersect with different genres, times and contexts. At the same time, they reconfigure the asymmetry in the construction of the male protagonists and the female characters, presented in Cortázar's narrative as symbols rather than as individuals.

ABSTRACT: This study determined the zootechnical, metabolic, and health performance of Girolando calves born with high or low birth weight, conceived through in vitro fertilization. The study was carried out on a commercial dairy farm located in Passos, Minas Gerais, Brazil. For this, a hundred Girolando calves were divided into two groups: The Control, which consisted of calves that were born weighing ≤ 35 kg; and high birth weight (HBW) calves, which were born weighing > 35 kg. The calves were monitored for zootechnical parameters; epidemiological indices, for diseases such diarrhea and pneumonia; as well as serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, cholesterol, triglycerides, paraoxonase1, albumin, urea, and globulin. Calves from the HBW group had a higher general mortality rate, but no effects on the zootechnical performance or metabolism were observed. The results obtained allow us to conclude that Girolando calves generated by IVF and heavier at birth have a greater chance to present diseases such as omphalophlebitis, tympany, and bovine parasitic sadness, and have a higher rate of general mortality. Conversely, birth weight of the calves does not influence diarrhea or pneumonia, the zootechnical performance, or the metabolism. ABSTRACT metabolic fertilization Passos Gerais Brazil this groups Control 3 kg (HBW parameters indices pneumonia aminotransferase phosphatase gammaglutamyl gamma glutamyl transferase cholesterol triglycerides paraoxonase1 paraoxonase albumin urea globulin observed omphalophlebitis tympany sadness Conversely

RESUMO: Este estudo determinou o desempenho zootécnico, metabólico e saúde de bezerras Girolando nascidas com alto ou baixo peso, concebidas por fertilização in vitro. O estudo foi realizado em uma fazenda leiteira comercial localizada em Passos, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Cem bezerras Girolando foram divididas em dois grupos: Controle, que consistiu em bezerras que nasceram com peso ≤ 35 kg; e HBW, bezerras que nasceram com peso > 35 kg. As bezerras foram monitoradas quanto aos parâmetros zootécnicos; índices epidemiológicos para doenças como diarreia e pneumonia; bem como as concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase, alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, gama-glutamil transferase, colesterol, triglicérides, paraoxonase1, albumina, uréia e globulina. As bezerras do grupo HBW apresentaram maior taxa de mortalidade, mas nenhum efeito no desempenho zootécnico ou metabolismo foram observados. Os resultados permitem concluir que bezerras Girolando provenientes de FIV que nascem mais pesadas têm maior chance de apresentar doenças, como onfaloflebite, timpanismo e tristeza parasitária bovina, tendo uma maior taxa de mortalidade geral. Porém, o peso ao nascimento das bezerras não influenciou a ocorrência de diarreia ou broncopneumonia, o desempenho zootécnico e o perfil metabólico. RESUMO vitro Passos Gerais Brasil grupos Controle 3 kg zootécnicos pneumonia aminotransferase alcalina gamaglutamil gama glutamil transferase colesterol triglicérides paraoxonase1 paraoxonase albumina globulina observados onfaloflebite bovina geral Porém broncopneumonia

The number of people on Earth and human activities are currently taking on frightening proportions with far-reaching consequences for our planet, its biodiversity and ultimately the human race itself. Ten thousand years ago, humans represented 1% of the total biomass of all land vertebrates. The rest was made up by wild animals. Currently, humans, livestock and pets make up 99% of terrestrial vertebrate biomass, while wild animals represent only 1%. It took millennia for the human population to reach the 1 billion mark and that only by 1890. By 1960, however, the world population had grown to 3 billion. Today there are 8 billion people living on our planet. According to Population Matters, the world population will be approximately 10,4 billion by the end of this century, despite the gradual decline in the growth rate in some countries. There is only a 23% chance that the total population growth rate will tail off before 2100. The population of the 47 least developed countries is likely to triple between 2017 and 2100 to around 3 billion. There are currently 62 million people in South Africa. About 67,9% of our population (in 2021) live in urban areas. The South African population grew by 0,87% in 2023. The fertility rate is 2,30 (2023). It is estimated that by 2050 75,5 million people will be living in South Africa, with 8 out of every 10 people living in urban areas, which would significantly increase the pressure on infrastructure. The Global Footprint Network states that humans currently use the resources of 1,75 Earths. If the situation does not improve, by 2050 we would need the equivalent of three Earths to survive. More than 4 billion people will have little or no water by 2050, and South Africa even now has been classified as a "water-stressed" country. Medical science is continually contributing to more babies surviving their entry into the world and to our living increasingly longer. Life expectancy has risen from 46 years in 1950 to 73,2 years in 2023. By 2050 it will be 77 years. What can be done? Empowerment of women is important. Population growth can be curbed to a reasonable extent by giving more girls access to education. This certainly does not mean that girls or women alone should be held responsible for the current population growth, but much more will have to be done about sex education, women's rights will have to be actively promoted and there will have to be better provision and use of contraceptives. Obviously, these issues should be approached and handled with due caution. In this regard, countries such as Thailand and South Korea have, in the recent past, proved that good education may result in lower birth rates. In Africa, women with no education have an average of 5,4 children; women who completed high school an average of 2,7 children and women with tertiary education an average of 2.2. In Nigeria, every year of school attendance by girls cuts the birth rate by a tenth. In addition, intensified efforts to reform economies and societies should be considered. For the sake of the survival of the human species and the sustainability of the Earth, ecological and economic justice and the empowerment ofwomen have to be encouraged. The Millennium Project - a global participatory think tank that was founded in 1996 under the auspices of the American Council for the United Nations University, but which became independent in 2009 and has since grown into a global network of institutions and individuals - aims to improve humankind's prospects for a better future. It recommends, among other things, the following: • Support a policy aimed at improving the survival of children, responsible family planning and educational opportunities for (especially) girls. • Improve methods that will ensure skills and employment opportunities for young people, as well as care and services for the elderly. • Implement the UN's urban agenda. • Create enough smart cities where citizens with urban intelligence can help in eco-smart ways with the necessary improvements in the city. • Increase training in resilience, and improve disaster prediction and management. • Provide guidance for people about urban ecology. • Intensify research and development in saltwater agriculture (halophytes or salt plants) on coastlines to produce food for humans and animals, biofuel and pulp for the paper industry, and to absorb carbon dioxide (CO2). This will ease the pressure on freshwater agriculture. • Improve agricultural and irrigation management. • Invest in precision agriculture and aquaculture. • Reduce food losses from the "farm to the mouth" (one third or 1,3 billion tons of agricultural production is wasted in this way every year). • Establish seaweed to restore wild fish populations along coastlines. The World Bank estimates that 90% of marine life is completely depleted. • Expand the production of insects for animal feed and human diets (insects have a low environmental impact, and 2 billion people already supplement their diet with insects today). • Encourage vegetarianism. Although there are more ways to address these important global challenges, responsible family planning remains one of the most important. This is an extremely sensitive issue for many people (especially in Africa), but if it is not promoted in a humane, informed and responsible way, the sustainability of life on our planet will increasingly come under tremendous pressure in various respects.

Die aantal mense op aarde en hulle/ons aktiwiteite neem tans skrikwekkende afmetings aan met wydlopende gevolge vir ons planeet, biodiversiteit en uiteindelik onsself. Die moderne mens het sy teenwoordigheid op die aarde en die benutting van hulpbronne baie lank as sy onaantasbare reg gesien. Die huidige uitwerking van byvoorbeeld bevolkingsgroei en besoedeling versteur die aarde se natuurlike ritme in so 'n mate dat ons nou nie meer op 'n kitsoplossing kan hoop nie. Die mens se getalle neem teen so 'n tempo toe dat dit nie net nadelig vir die planeet is nie, maar ook vir die mensdom self. Wat kan gedoen word? Bemagtiging van vroue speel 'n belangrike rol. Dit beteken beslis nie dat meisies en vroue alleen vir die huidige bevolkingsgroei verantwoordelik gehou moet word nie. Die bevolkingsgroei kan egter in 'n redelike mate vertraag word deur veral meer meisies toegang tot onderwys en opleiding te gee - asook hul lewensomstandighede te verbeter. Ook sal daar heelwat meer aan seksopvoeding gedoen moet word, vroueregte sal daadwerklik bevorder moet word en daar sal beter voorsiening en gebruik van voorbehoedmiddels moet wees. Uiteraard moet hierdie kwessies met die nodige omsigtigheid benader en hanteer word. In hierdie verband kan onder andere Thailand en Suid-Korea genoem word wat in die onlangse verlede bewys het dat goeie onderwys geboortesyfers laat daal. In Afrika het vroue wat geen onderwys ontvang nie, gemiddeld 5,4 kinders; vroue wat hoërskool voltooi het gemiddeld 2,7 kinders en vroue wat tersiêre studie deurloop het, gemiddeld 2,2 kinders. In Nigerië sny elke jaar wat meisies skool bywoon, die geboortesyfer met 'n tiende. Hiermee saam sal daar ook verskerpte pogings moet wees om ekonomieë en samelewings te hervorm. Ter wille van die mens se voortbestaan en die volhoubaarheid van lewe op aarde moet ekologiese en ekonomiese geregtigheid, en die bemagtiging van vroue aangemoedig word.

Abstract Introduction: According to the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Chile has one of the highest caesarean section rates on the continent, reaching 44.7% in 20132 and 47.7% in 20173 , ranking third only to Turkey and Mexico. Objective: Analyze the factors related to cesarean section intervention in women who delivered in a private clinic in the Fifth Region of Chile, from 2018 to 2022. Method: Cross-sectional study involving 9,041 users. A logistic regression model with odds ratio and its 95% confidence intervals was used to assess associations with sociodemographic and obstetric factors. Results: The prevalence of cesarean section during the study period was 85.1%. Primiparous status, previous cesarean section, presence of maternal and fetal pathology, absence of labor and surgical sterilization were associated with an increased likelihood of cesarean section, while gestational age 36 and under weeks showed a decreased chance. Conclusions: A high prevalence of cesarean sections stands out for the study period, higher than that reported in the literature.

Resumen Introducción: De acuerdo con lo reportado por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico, Chile posee una de las tasas más altas de cesárea para el continente, llegando a un 44,7% en 2013 y un 47,7% en 2017, ubicándose en tercer lugar, solo precedido por Turquía y México. Objetivo: Analizar los factores relacionados a intervención de cesárea en las mujeres que atendieron su parto en una clínica privada de la Quinta Región de Chile entre los años 2018 y 2022. Método: Estudio transversal analítico en 9041 usuarias. Se utilizó un modelo de regresión logística con odds ratio y sus intervalos de confianza del 95% para evaluar la asociación con variables sociodemográficas y obstétricas. Resultados: La prevalencia de cesárea fue del 85,1% en el periodo estudiado. La condición de gestante primípara, la cesárea previa, la presencia de patología materna o fetal, la ausencia de trabajo de parto y la esterilización quirúrgica presentaron mayor probabilidad de cesárea, mientras que para la edad gestacional, menor o igual a 36 semanas, ésta fue menor. Conclusiones: Destaca un alta prevalencia de cesáreas para el periodo de estudio, superior a lo reportado en la literatura.

Abstract Objective Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) requires further understanding. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze if pre- and intraoperative factors may be related to the development of CRPS in the postoperative period. Methods We reviewed 1,183 medical records of patients undergoing forearm and hand surgeries from 2015 to 2021. The data of interest, that is, diagnosis, incisions, synthesis material, and anesthesia, were collected, tabulated, and statistically analyzed, with subsequent calculation of the odds ratios. Results Most patients were female, aged between 30 and 59 years, and sought the service electively (67% of the cases). The diagnoses included soft tissue trauma (43%), bone trauma (31.6%), and compressive syndromes (25.5%). During this period, 45 (3.8%) subjects developed CRPS. The statistical analysis showed that the chance of developing CRPS is twice as high in patients with compressive syndrome, especially carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS), which represented most surgeries performed in our service (24%). Two or more incisions occurred in 7.6% of the cases, which tripled the chance of developing postoperative CRPS. Gender, age, use pf synthetic material, type of anesthesia type did not statistically increase the risk of developing postoperative CRPS. Conclusion In short, the incidence of CRPS is low; however, it is critical to know and recognize the risk factors for prevention and active screening in the postoperative period. (CRPS understanding Thus pre period 1183 1 183 1,18 201 2021 interest diagnosis material collected tabulated analyzed ratios female 3 5 years 67% 67 (67 cases. cases . cases) 43%, 43 43% , (43%) 31.6%, 316 31.6% 31 6 (31.6%) 25.5%. 255 25.5% 25 (25.5%) 4 3.8% 38 8 (3.8% CTS, CTS (CTS) 24%. 24 24% (24%) 76 7 7.6 Gender age short low however 118 18 1,1 20 202 (6 (43% 31.6 (31.6% 25.5 2 (25.5% 3.8 (3.8 (CTS (24% 7. 11 1, ( (43 31. (31.6 25. (25.5 3. (3. (24 (4 (31. (25. (3 (2 (31 (25

Resumo Objetivo A síndrome da dor regional complexa (SDRC) precisa ser mais bem compreendida. Assim, este estudo objetiva analisar se fatores pré e intraoperatórios poderiam estar relacionados ao desenvolvimento de SDRC no pós-operatório. Métodos Foram revisados 1.183 prontuários de pacientes submetidos a cirurgias no antebraço e na mão entre 2015 e 2021. Os dados de interesse, como diagnóstico, incisões, material de síntese e anestesia realizada, foram coletados, tabulados e submetidos a testes estatísticos com posterior cálculo da razão de chances. Resultados A maioria dos pacientes era do gênero feminino, com idade entre 30 e 59 anos, que buscaram o serviço de forma eletiva (67% dos casos). Os diagnósticos agrupados de forma geral foram: traumas de partes moles (43%), traumas ósseos (31,6%) e síndromes compressivas (25,5%). Durante esse período, 45 pacientes (3,8%) evoluíram com SDRC. A análise estatística mostrou que a chance de desenvolver SDRC é duas vezes maior em pacientes com síndrome compressiva, especialmente a síndrome do túnel do carpo (STC), que representou a maioria dos cirurgias realizadas em nosso serviço (24%). Em 7,6% dos casos, foram realizadas duas ou mais incisões, o que triplicou a possibilidade de SDRC pósoperatória. Gênero, idade, uso de material de síntese, ou tipo de anestesia não aumentaram estatisticamente o risco de SDRC no pós-operatório. Conclusão Em suma, a incidência de SDRC é baixa, mas é importante conhecer e reconhecer os fatores de risco para a prevenção e a busca ativa no pós-operatório. (SDRC compreendida Assim pósoperatório. pósoperatório pós operatório. operatório pós-operatório 1183 1 183 1.18 201 2021 interesse diagnóstico incisões realizada coletados chances feminino 3 5 anos 67% 67 (67 casos. casos . casos) 43%, 43 43% , (43%) 31,6% 316 31 6 (31,6% 25,5%. 255 25,5% 25 (25,5%) período 4 3,8% 38 8 (3,8% compressiva STC, STC (STC) 24%. 24 24% (24%) 76 7 7,6 pósoperatória Gênero suma baixa 118 18 1.1 20 202 (6 (43% 31,6 (31,6 25,5 2 (25,5% 3,8 (3,8 (STC (24% 7, 11 1. ( (43 31, (31, 25, (25,5 3, (3, (24 (4 (31 (25, (3 (2 (25

ABSTRACT In this narrative inquiry, I narrate and compose meaning of an experience as an English teacher who designed a course that integrated premises of gamification and digital gaming to foster students’ engagement and central participation. I begin by explaining the context in which the research took place and presenting the reasons for my proposal. Subsequently, I go over the task proposed, where students answered a questionnaire on the traits they would like to keep or change in me as their English teacher, given the chance. Their answers based the writing of a poem, which showed the need for me to step off the spotlight. The following experience narrated was having my students gamify their final oral test while I tried to be the guide on the side. I learned their central participation led to engagement and a positive attitude towards the learning process. I also understood that my urge to be a guide on the side and not a sage on stage was not enough. What really awoke me to continuously review my professional identity was having lived the experience together with them. inquiry proposal Subsequently proposed chance poem spotlight process enough them

RESUMO Nesta pesquisa narrativa, narro e componho sentidos de uma experiência como professora de inglês durante um curso que integrou premissas de gamificação e jogos digitais para promover o engajamento e a participação central dos alunos. Começo explicando o contexto em que a pesquisa foi realizada e apresentando os motivos da minha pesquisa. Em seguida, analiso a tarefa proposta, na qual os alunos responderam a um questionário sobre as características que, se tivessem a chance, gostariam de manter ou mudar em mim como sua professora de inglês. Suas respostas basearam a escrita de um poema, que mostrou a necessidade de eu sair do centro das atenções. A experiência seguinte narrada foi a de fazer com que meus alunos gamificassem sua prova oral final enquanto eu tentava guiá-los. Aprendi que o protagonismo deles conduziu ao engajamento e a uma atitude positiva em relação ao processo de aprendizagem. Também compreendi que meu desejo de estar ao lado e não em uma posição central não era suficiente. Ter vivido a experiência junto com eles foi o que me despertou para rever continuamente minha identidade profissional. narrativa seguida proposta chance poema atenções guiálos. guiálos guiá los. los guiá-los aprendizagem suficiente profissional

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the sociodemographic and academic characteristics associated with sleep quality among School of Human Medicine students. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a randomly selected sample of 184 School of Human Medicine students from a private university located in the city of Lima, Peru. The study was conducted between June and July 2022, a period of gradual return to in-person classes. The participants completed an anonymous virtual survey containing questions on sociodemographic and academic factors as well as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). This instrument comprised seven parameters with scores ranging from 0 to 21, where a good sleep quality was established from 0 to 5 points. The outcome was dichotomous (good and poor sleep quality), so binary logistic regression was used to evaluate the associated factors. Results: Females accounted for 53.26 % and the mean age was 20.05 with a standard deviation of 1.73. Concerning the hours of class time, 61.35 % were taught online. As for the sample, the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 69.02 %, out of which 76.53 % were females and 60.47 % males. The mean percentage of online classes was higher among those with poor sleep quality compared to those with good sleep quality (63.48 % versus 56.58 %, p = 0.030). Regardless of the percentage of online classes, females were twice as likely to have poor sleep quality (OR = 2.00, 95 % CI: 1.05 to 3.82). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality affected 7 out of 10 School of Human Medicine students in the context of the gradual return to in-person classes after the COVID-19 social restrictions. Females had a higher chance of poor sleep quality, regardless of the percentage of online classes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las características sociodemográficas y académicas asociadas a la calidad del sueño en estudiantes de Medicina Humana. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en una muestra que se seleccionó de manera aleatoria de 184 estudiantes de Medicina Humana de una universidad privada ubicada en la ciudad de Lima, Perú. Se llevó a cabo entre junio y julio del 2022, periodo de retorno gradual de los estudiantes a la presencialidad. Los participantes completaron un formulario virtual anónimo que contenía preguntas sobre factores sociodemográficos y académicos, y el índice de calidad de sueño de Pittsburgh (ICSP). Este instrumento comprende siete parámetros con un puntaje cuyo rango es de 0 a 21, donde la buena calidad del sueño se definió de 0 a 5 puntos. El desenlace fue dicotómico (buena y mala calidad del sueño), por lo que se aplicó una regresión logística binaria para evaluar los factores asociados. Resultados: El 53,26 % eran mujeres y el promedio de edad fue 20,05, con una desviación estándar de 1,73. El 61,35 % de las horas de clases fueron dictadas de manera virtual. En la muestra, la prevalencia de una mala calidad del sueño fue 69,02 %; entre mujeres fue 76,53 % y en varones, 60,47 %. Entre los que tuvieron mala calidad del sueño, la media del porcentaje de virtualidad fue mayor respecto a los de buena calidad (63,48 % vs. 56,58 %, p = 0,030). Independientemente del porcentaje de clases virtuales, las mujeres tuvieron el doble de chance de tener mala calidad de sueño (OR = 2,00, IC 95 %: 1,05-3,82). Conclusiones: La mala calidad de sueño afectó a siete de cada diez estudiantes de Medicina Humana en el contexto del retorno gradual a la presencialidad posrestricciones sociales por la pandemia de la COVID-19. Las mujeres tuvieron mayor chance de mala calidad de sueño, independientemente del porcentaje de clases virtuales.

Abstract Objectives Narrative review evaluating the use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents. Data source The terms “dietary supplements”, “children” and “adolescents” were used in combination in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases, between 2000 and 2023, evaluating studies in humans, published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish. Data synthesis The use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents has increased in recent decades. The most commonly used supplements are vitamins, minerals, trace elements, proteins, amino acids, melatonin, fatty acids, probiotics and energy drinks. Conclusion Despite having specific indications, most of the time they are not prescribed by a healthcare professional. The reasons for use are varied. In children, the main reasons are protection against infections, stimulating growth, and poor food intake, with multivitamins and minerals being the most commonly used supplements. In adolescents, they are used to improve athletic performance and attain the “ideal body”, with proteins and amino acids being the most often used nutrients. As they are not regulated by health agencies and are sold without a prescription, their unsupervised use can lead to inadequate doses, with inefficiency or overdose risk. As for compounding formulations, or when available in preparations with multiple nutrients, the chance of errors increases. It is essential that pediatricians advise parents and patients about the indications, risks and benefits, prescribing them when necessary. supplements, , supplements” “children “adolescents PubMed MEDLINE databases 200 2023 humans Portuguese English Spanish decades vitamins elements melatonin drinks indications professional varied infections growth intake ideal body, body body” nutrients prescription doses risk formulations increases benefits necessary 20 202 2

Abstract: This article delves into the professional identity of teachers working in second-chance schools in Chile. Utilizing a qualitative, exploratory design, this study conducted semi-structured interviews with 12 teachers. Additionally, focus groups were held with different members of the educational communities in which these professionals taught: two with students, two with mothers, fathers, and guardians, one with professionals from the school integration program, and two with the administrative team. The gathered data undergoes thematic analysis of narratives, revealing four distinct dimensions of teachers' professional identity within these educational recovery contexts: the motivation to teach individuals rather than students, the emotional connection with young learners to ensure the educational process, the multidimensional adaptation in the service of learning, and a deep connection with one's own emotions. This study deepens our understanding of the identity of teachers working in contexts that are markedly different from regular educational settings, an area that has been under-researched both nationally and internationally. The findings are valuable contribution to the development of more effective strategies for the training, recruitment, and retention of teachers in second-chance schools.

Resumen: Este artículo explora la identidad profesional de docentes que trabajan en escuelas de segunda oportunidad en Chile. Utilizando un diseño exploratorio cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 12 docentes y se sostuvieron grupos focales con distintos miembros de las comunidades educativas donde enseñan: dos con estudiantes, dos con madres, padres y apoderados, una con profesionales del programa de inclusión escolar, y dos con miembros del equipo directivo. La información recolectada se analiza mediante un análisis temático de narrativas, del cual emergen cuatro dimensiones de la identidad profesional docente (IPD) en estos contextos de recuperación de trayectorias educativas: la motivación por educar personas antes que estudiantes, la vinculación afectiva con los jóvenes para asegurar el proceso formativo, la adaptación multidimensional en función del aprendizaje, y la conexión profunda con la propia emocionalidad. Este estudio ahonda en la comprensión de la identidad de docentes educando a niñas, niños, y jóvenes que, a la alta vulnerabilidad presente también en contextos de modalidad regular, le suman rezago escolar. La IPD ha sido poco abordada por la investigación a nivel nacional y también internacional, por lo que los resultados son un insumo para innovar en mejores estrategias de formación, atracción y retención de docentes para escuelas de segunda oportunidad.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Kidney problems may be due to low birth weight alone or may occur in association with other conditions. The objective this study was to evaluate the association between maternal and birth characteristics, anthropometric measurements, and kidney function deficit in low birth weight infants. Methods: Cross-sectional study with children who were born weighing < 2500 grams and were under outpatient follow-up. Maternal factors investigated were prenatal care and presence of hypertension, diabetes, and infection during pregnancy. The children’s variables were sex, gestational age, birth weight, Apgar score, use of nephrotoxic medications, age, body weight at the time of evaluation, height, and serum creatinine and cystatin C dosages. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated with the combined Zapittelli equation. Multivariate logistic regression model was used for identification of associated factors, with renal function deficit (GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2) as the dependent variable. Results: Of the 154 children evaluated, 34.42% had kidney function deficit. Most of them had a gestational age > 32 weeks (56.6%), a mean birth weight of 1439.7 grams, and mean estimated GFR of 46.9 ± 9.3 mL/min/1.73 m2. There was a significant association of GFR < 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 with children’s current weight and use of nephrotoxic drugs. Discussion: Children born with low birth weight had a high prevalence of kidney function deficit and current normal weight was a protective factor while the use of nephrotoxic drugs during perinatal period increased the chance of kidney deficit. These findings reinforce the need to evaluate the kidney function in these children, especially those who use nephrotoxic drugs. Introduction conditions characteristics measurements infants Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 250 followup. followup follow up. up follow-up hypertension diabetes pregnancy childrens s sex score medications evaluation height dosages equation 6 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 1 73 mL/min/1.7 m variable Results 15 evaluated 3442 34 42 34.42 3 56.6%, 566 56.6% , 56 (56.6%) 14397 1439 7 1439. 469 46 9 46. 93 9. Discussion 25 mLmin17 mL/min/1. 344 4 34.4 56.6 5 (56.6% 143 2 mLmin1 mL/min/1 34. 56. (56.6 14 mL/min/ (56. mL/min (56 (5 (

RESUMO Introdução: Problemas renais podem ser devido apenas ao baixo peso ao nascer ou podem ocorrer em associação com outras condições. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre características maternas e de nascimento, medidas antropométricas e déficit da função renal em bebês de baixo peso ao nascer. Métodos: Estudo transversal com crianças que nasceram com peso < 2500 gramas e estavam sob acompanhamento ambulatorial. Os fatores maternos investigados foram cuidados pré-natal e presença de hipertensão, diabetes e infecção durante a gravidez. As variáveis das crianças foram sexo, idade gestacional, peso ao nascer, índice Apgar, uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos, idade, peso corporal no momento da avaliação, altura e dosagens séricas de creatinina e cistatina C. A taxa de filtração glomerular (TFG) foi estimada com a equação combinada de Zapittelli. Utilizou-se um modelo de regressão logística multivariada para identificação de fatores associados, com déficit da função renal (TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2) como variável dependente. Resultados: Das 154 crianças avaliadas, 34,42% apresentaram déficit da função renal. A maioria tinha idade gestacional > 32 semanas (56,6%), peso médio ao nascer de 1439,7 gramas, e TFG média estimada de 46,9 ± 9,3 mL/min/1,73 m2. Houve uma associação significativa da TFG < 60 mL/min/1,73 m2 com o peso atual das crianças e o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Discussão: Crianças nascidas com baixo peso apresentaram alta prevalência de déficit da função renal e o peso atual normal foi um fator de proteção, enquanto o uso de medicamentos nefrotóxicos durante o período perinatal aumentou a chance de déficit renal. Estes achados reforçam a necessidade de avaliar a função renal destas crianças, especialmente aquelas que usam medicamentos nefrotóxicos. Introdução condições nascimento Métodos 250 ambulatorial prénatal pré natal hipertensão gravidez sexo Apgar avaliação C Zapittelli Utilizouse Utilizou se associados 6 mLmin173 mLmin mL min 1 73 mL/min/1,7 m dependente Resultados 15 avaliadas 3442 34 42 34,42 3 56,6%, 566 56,6% , 56 (56,6%) 14397 1439 7 1439, 469 46 9 46, 93 9, Discussão proteção 25 mLmin17 mL/min/1, 344 4 34,4 56,6 5 (56,6% 143 2 mLmin1 mL/min/1 34, 56, (56,6 14 mL/min/ (56, mL/min (56 (5 (

Futile medical interventions have virtually no chance of success. Doctors might perform such procedures because of pressure from families or patients. The doctor might also have an ulterior motive of gain or prefer to do it rather than take time to communicate with the patient about a poor prognosis. Established ways to communicate bad news to patients are not always used by managing physicians with time constraints. The SPIKES protocol method is outlined to assist in sensitive communication where further intervention is futile.

BACKGROUND. Teenage pregnancy is a global problem and is associated with maternal and neonatal complications. Developing countries show a rising prevalence in teenage pregnancies. A limited number of studies have investigated perinatal outcomes within the pregnant teenage population. OBJECTIVES. To describe and analyse the effect of maternal factors on perinatal outcomes of teenage pregnancies. METHODS. Data were collected retrospectively from the labour ward and neonatal admission registers of a regional hospital in South Africa over a 6-month period in 2018. Teenagers between 10 and 19 years of age, who delivered at the institution, were included in the study. Maternal factors were analysed for the risk of a complicated perinatal outcome, which was defined as either stillbirth or live neonate requiring admission to the neonatal nursery. A secondary analysis was conducted on the risk of stillbirth, prematurity and low birthweight (LBW). RESULTS. The prevalence of teenage deliveries was 15.6% (n=707/4 519). One-fifth (20%) of teenagers were <16 years old. Complicated perinatal outcomes were present in 19.5% of deliveries and were associated with a lack of antenatal care (ANC) and emergency caesarean section (CS). Unbooked teenagers had a ten-fold higher chance of delivering a stillbirth and were three times more likely to deliver an LBW baby. Maternal complications were also associated with LBW. Age, parity and HIV status did not show any statistically significant difference in perinatal outcomes. CONCLUSION. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was high in our cohort. Lack of ANC, maternal complications and emergency CS in teenagers were associated with adverse perinatal outcomes.