ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the evolution of the availability of information and communication technology equipment and inputs in primary health care services that participated in the external evaluation of the Access and Quality Improvement Program in Primary Care and its distribution according to context characteristics social and geographic. Methods: Cross-sectional study, analyzed the distribution of information and communication technology equipment in basic health units in Brazil, during the three cycles (2012 to 2018) of the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care. The variables were examined at the municipal level and stratified by geopolitical region. Univariate analysis was performed, using the chi-square test and testing the distributions of exposures among themselves and between the outcome and exposures. Results: The availability of information and communication technology equipment increased from 9.4% (2012) to 17.5% (2018), with emphasis on the Southeast and South regions, in municipalities with a population size of up to 10,000 inhabitants², with greater family health coverage and high/very high HDI-M. Over the period from 2012 to 2018, basic units joined the program and increased availability of information and communication technologies, such as Internet access, which ranged from 45.2% (n=6,249) to 74.0% (n=21,423), with emphasis on the Northeast region, which increased from 19.1% (n=970) to 58.8% (n=7,087). Conclusion: Investment in technologies and constant evaluation of primary care in the country is necessary, contributing to its strengthening. Objective geographic Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional study Brazil (201 2018 region performed chisquare chi square Results 94 9 4 9.4 175 17 5 17.5 , (2018) regions 10000 10 000 10,00 inhabitants² inhabitants highvery very HDIM. HDIM HDI M. M HDI-M 201 access 452 45 2 45.2 n=6,249 n6249 n 6 249 (n=6,249 740 74 0 74.0 n=21,423, n21423 n=21,423 21 423 (n=21,423) 191 19 1 19.1 n=970 n970 970 (n=970 588 58 8 58.8 n=7,087. n7087 n=7,087 . 7 087 (n=7,087) Conclusion necessary strengthening (20 9. 17. (2018 1000 00 10,0 20 45. n=6,24 n624 24 (n=6,24 74. n2142 n=21,42 42 (n=21,423 19. n=97 n97 97 (n=97 58. n708 n=7,08 08 (n=7,087 (2 100 10, n=6,2 n62 (n=6,2 n214 n=21,4 (n=21,42 n=9 n9 (n=9 n70 n=7,0 (n=7,08 ( n=6, n6 (n=6, n21 n=21, (n=21,4 n= (n= n7 n=7, (n=7,0 n=6 (n=6 n2 n=21 (n=21, (n n=7 (n=7, n=2 (n=21 (n=7 (n=2

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a evolução da disponibilidade de equipamentos e insumos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde que participaram da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica e sua distribuição de acordo com características do contexto social e geográfico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que analisou a distribuição de equipamentos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nas unidades básicas de saúde do Brasil, durante os três ciclos (2012 a 2018) do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica. As variáveis foram examinadas no nível dos municípios e estratificadas por região geopolítica. Realizou-se análise univariada, com o uso do teste χ2 e teste das distribuições das exposições entre si e entre o desfecho e as exposições. Resultados: A disponibilidade do conjunto de equipamentos de tecnologias de informação e comunicação evoluiu de 9,4% (2012) para 17,5% (2018), com destaque às Regiões Sudeste e Sul, em municípios com porte populacional de até 10 mil hab.², com maior cobertura de saúde da família e índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal — IDH-M alto/muito alto. Ao longo do período de 2012 a 2018, houve adesão de unidades básicas ao programa e aumento na disponibilidade de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, como o acesso à internet, que foi de 45,2% (n=6.249) a 74,0% (n=21.423), com destaque para a Região Nordeste com aumento de 19,1% (n=970) a 58,8% (n=7.087). Conclusão: São necessários o investimento em tecnologias e a constante avaliação da atenção primária no país, contribuindo para seu fortalecimento. Objetivo geográfico Métodos transversal Brasil (201 2018 geopolítica Realizouse Realizou se univariada χ Resultados 94 9 4 9,4 175 17 5 17,5 , (2018) Sul 1 hab² hab ² hab.² IDHM IDH M altomuito alto muito 201 internet 452 45 2 45,2 n=6.249 n6249 n 6 249 (n=6.249 740 74 0 74,0 n=21.423, n21423 n=21.423 21 423 (n=21.423) 191 19 19,1 n=970 n970 970 (n=970 588 58 8 58,8 n=7.087. n7087 n=7.087 . 7 087 (n=7.087) Conclusão país fortalecimento (20 9, 17, (2018 hab. 20 45, n=6.24 n624 24 (n=6.24 74, n2142 n=21.42 42 (n=21.423 19, n=97 n97 97 (n=97 58, n708 n=7.08 08 (n=7.087 (2 n=6.2 n62 (n=6.2 n214 n=21.4 (n=21.42 n=9 n9 (n=9 n70 n=7.0 (n=7.08 ( n=6. n6 (n=6. n21 n=21. (n=21.4 n= (n= n7 n=7. (n=7.0 n=6 (n=6 n2 n=21 (n=21. (n n=7 (n=7. n=2 (n=21 (n=7 (n=2

RESUMO Objetivo: Verificar a evolução da disponibilidade de equipamentos e insumos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nos serviços de Atenção Primária à Saúde que participaram da avaliação externa do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica e sua distribuição de acordo com características do contexto social e geográfico. Métodos: Estudo transversal, que analisou a distribuição de equipamentos de tecnologia de informação e comunicação nas unidades básicas de saúde do Brasil, durante os três ciclos (2012 a 2018) do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade na Atenção Básica. As variáveis foram examinadas no nível dos municípios e estratificadas por região geopolítica. Realizou-se análise univariada, com o uso do teste χ2 e teste das distribuições das exposições entre si e entre o desfecho e as exposições. Resultados: A disponibilidade do conjunto de equipamentos de tecnologias de informação e comunicação evoluiu de 9,4% (2012) para 17,5% (2018), com destaque às Regiões Sudeste e Sul, em municípios com porte populacional de até 10 mil hab.², com maior cobertura de saúde da família e índice de desenvolvimento humano municipal — IDH-M alto/muito alto. Ao longo do período de 2012 a 2018, houve adesão de unidades básicas ao programa e aumento na disponibilidade de tecnologias de informação e comunicação, como o acesso à internet, que foi de 45,2% (n=6.249) a 74,0% (n=21.423), com destaque para a Região Nordeste com aumento de 19,1% (n=970) a 58,8% (n=7.087). Conclusão: São necessários o investimento em tecnologias e a constante avaliação da atenção primária no país, contribuindo para seu fortalecimento.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the evolution of the availability of information and communication technology equipment and inputs in primary health care services that participated in the external evaluation of the Access and Quality Improvement Program in Primary Care and its distribution according to context characteristics social and geographic. Methods: Cross-sectional study, analyzed the distribution of information and communication technology equipment in basic health units in Brazil, during the three cycles (2012 to 2018) of the Program for Improving Access and Quality in Primary Care. The variables were examined at the municipal level and stratified by geopolitical region. Univariate analysis was performed, using the chi-square test and testing the distributions of exposures among themselves and between the outcome and exposures. Results: The availability of information and communication technology equipment increased from 9.4% (2012) to 17.5% (2018), with emphasis on the Southeast and South regions, in municipalities with a population size of up to 10,000 inhabitants², with greater family health coverage and high/very high HDI-M. Over the period from 2012 to 2018, basic units joined the program and increased availability of information and communication technologies, such as Internet access, which ranged from 45.2% (n=6,249) to 74.0% (n=21,423), with emphasis on the Northeast region, which increased from 19.1% (n=970) to 58.8% (n=7,087). Conclusion: Investment in technologies and constant evaluation of primary care in the country is necessary, contributing to its strengthening.

Aim: To identify the main benefits and limitations of applying technology in integrating prehospital care into the health network. Methodology: Systematic review based on the PRISMA statement, carried out between July and October 2020, databases used: Pubmed, BVSalud, Cinahl, Scielo, and Scopus with MeSH search engines: ["Emergency medical service"], ["prehospital, ["Technology"], ["System integration"], ["Intersectorial collaboration"], ["Telemedicine"], ["Emergencies technology"], ["Medical informatics"], and boolean operators AND, OR. Between 2010 and 2020, in English and Spanish. Theses, conference abstracts and editorials were excluded. Out of 4719 articles, 16 were selected according to the methodological quality Mixed Methods Appraisal Toll. Results: The Infoway Benefits Evaluation Framewor Model was used for the analysis. Benefits: Optimization of information between hospital centers and rescue teams, real-time access to patient records, early preparation of receiving hospitals. Consolidation of system productivity, minimization of waiting times, referrals, and patient transfers; Limitations: Problems with internet access and quality, unreliable technology providers, slow response, or difficulties with funding and privacy of the system, which generates frustration in the teams. Conclusions: The application of technology in integrating prehospital care into the health network generates benefits and should consider the use of information systems and user satisfaction to achieve integration with health systems, considering the limitations of the context.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar los principales beneficios y limitaciones al aplicar la tecnología en la integración de la atención prehospitalaria a la red de salud. Metodología: Revisión sistemática basada en la declaración PRISMA, realizada entre julio y octubre del año 2020, bases de datos utilizada: Pubmed, BVSalud, Cinahl, Scielo y Scopus con los buscadores MeSH: ["Emergency medical service"], ["prehospital, ["Technology"], ["System integration"], ["Intersectorial collaboration"], ["Telemedicine"], ["Emergencies technology"], ["Medical informatics"], y operadores boleanos AND, OR. Entre los años 2010 al 2020, en idioma inglés y español. Se excluyeron tesis, resúmenes de congresos y editoriales. De 4719 artículos, se seleccionaron 16 de acuerdo con la calidad metodológica Mixed Methods Appraisal Toll. Resultados: Para el análisis se utilizó el Modelo Infoway Benefits Evaluation Framewor: Beneficios: Optimización de la información entre los centros hospitalarios y equipos de rescate, acceso en tiempo real a la ficha del paciente, preparación temprana de los hospitales receptores. Se consolida la productividad del sistema, minimización los tiempos de espera, de derivaciones y traslados de pacientes; Limitaciones: Problemas con el acceso y calidad de internet, proveedores de tecnología poco confiables, de lenta respuesta, o dificultades con el financiamiento y la privacidad del sistema lo que genera frustración en los equipos. Conclusiones: La aplicación de tecnología en la integración de la atención prehospitalaria a la red de salud, genera beneficios y debe considerar el uso de los sistemas de información y la satisfacción usuaria para lograr la integración con los sistemas de salud, considerando las limitaciones del contexto.

Abstract Within the analyses made with reference to the use and abuse of Information and Communication Technologies, there are several research applied to young people, since they are the group that most concentrates online consumption. However, little has been analyzed about the trends and reflections made in this regard by another population sector, not always different in age, but in their purposes and daily activities: teachers. As part of this work, a study with teachers from three colleges of the University of Guadalajara is shown, who offer their perception of consumption on the web based on the Internet Addiction Test developed by Kimberly Young. The results show, in general, a rational tendency in the use of technology, although there are some frequent indications in the case of the loss of awareness of the time of Internet use, to feel a certain degree of anxiety or nervousness when not connected or to consult social networks or mail before starting priority activities. This work reaffirms the need to deepen studies on the group of teachers of the study centers, since both their personal and professional affectation is of interest, as well as the role that technology plays for them and what message they give to the student communities they serve. Technologies people However sector age activities shown Young show general centers interest serve

Resumen Entre los análisis realizados con referencia al uso y abuso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación existen diversos estudios aplicados a los más jóvenes, por ser el grupo que más concentra el consumo en línea. No obstante, poco se ha analizado sobre las tendencias y reflexiones realizadas al respecto por otro sector poblacional, no siempre diferente en edad, pero sí en sus propósitos y actividades cotidianas: los y las docentes. Como parte de este trabajo, se muestra un estudio hecho a docentes de tres centros universitarios de la Universidad de Guadalajara, quienes ofrecen su percepción sobre el consumo en la web a partir del Test de Uso de Internet elaborado por Kimberly Young. Los resultados muestran, en general, una tendencia racional en la utilización de la tecnología, aunque hay algunos indicios frecuentes en el caso de la pérdida de conciencia del tiempo de uso de internet, a sentir un cierto grado de ansiedad o nervios al no conectarse o así como a consultar redes sociales o el correo antes de iniciar actividades prioritarias. Este trabajo reafirma la necesidad de profundizar en estudios sobre el colectivo de docentes de los centros de estudio, ya que interesa tanto su afectación personal y profesional, como el papel que para ellos juega la tecnología y qué mensaje dan a las comunidades de estudiantes a las que atienden. jóvenes línea obstante poblacional edad cotidianas Guadalajara Young muestran general internet prioritarias profesional atienden

ABSTRACT Introduction: Brazil is a world leader in bariatric surgery. However, the actual number of surgeries performed in the country is still unknown. It is necessary to implement an instrument to monitor the quality of care provided. This study evaluated the implementation of a Bariatric Surgery Data Registry in Brazil. Methodology: the registry was developed with Dendrite Clinical Systems Ltd., with data collected prospectively on an internet-based software. Seven centers were selected based on surgical volume and data entry commitment. The project covered three years after system implementation. Results: 1,363 procedures performed by 17 surgeons were included. Most patients were female (67.2%), with average age of 39 years old and average baseline BMI of 41.5kg/m2. Diabetes mellitus was present in 34.5%, and hypertension in 40.1%. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass was performed in 79.3%, 95.5% by laparoscopy. There was one in-hospital death of cardiovascular cause. The average hospital stay was 2.03 days. The surgery-related complication rate was 0.97% in the first month, with three reoperations. Short-term follow-up was recorded in 75.6% and one-year follow-up in 21.64%. Total body weight loss was 10% in 30 days, rising to 33.3% after one year, with no difference between surgical techniques. Conclusions: the population profile was in accordance with the global registry of the International Federation for the Surgery of Obesity and Metabolic Disorders. The main difficulty encountered was low postoperative data entry. The experience acquired in this project will help advance data collection and knowledge of the safety and effectiveness of bariatric surgery in Brazil. Introduction However unknown provided Methodology Ltd Ltd. internetbased internet software commitment Results 1363 1 363 1,36 included 67.2%, 672 67.2% , 67 2 (67.2%) 3 415kgm2 kgm 41 5kg m2 kg m 41.5kg/m2 345 34 5 34.5% 401 40 40.1% RouxenY Roux en Y 793 79 79.3% 955 95 95.5 laparoscopy inhospital cause 203 03 2.0 days surgeryrelated related 097 0 97 0.97 month reoperations Shortterm Short term followup follow up 756 75 6 75.6 oneyear year 2164 21 64 21.64% 10 333 33 33.3 techniques Conclusions Disorders 136 36 1,3 67.2 (67.2% 415kgm 4 41.5kg/m 34.5 40.1 7 79.3 9 95. 20 2. 09 0.9 75. 216 21.64 33. 13 1, 67. (67.2 34. 40. 79. 0. 21.6 (67. 21. (67 (6 (

RESUMO Introdução: o Brasil é líder mundial em cirurgia bariátrica. No entanto, o número de cirurgias realizadas no país ainda é desconhecido. É necessário um instrumento para monitorar a qualidade da assistência prestada. Este estudo avaliou a implantação de um Registro de Dados de Cirurgia Bariátrica no Brasil. Metodologia: O registro foi desenvolvido com a Dendrite Clinical Systems Ltd., com dados coletados prospectivamente em software na internet. Sete centros foram selecionados, baseado no volume cirúrgico e compromisso de inserção de dados. O projeto abrangeu três anos após implementação. Resultados: foram incluídos 1.363 procedimentos realizados por 17 cirurgiões. A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (67,2%), com idade média de 39 anos e IMC basal médio de 41,5kg/m2. Diabetes mellitus estava presente em 34,5% e hipertensão em 40,1%. Bypass gástrico em Y de Roux foi realizado em 79,3%, 95,5% por laparoscopia. Houve um óbito hospitalar de causa cardiovascular. A média de permanência hospitalar foi de 2,03 dias. A taxa de complicações relacionadas à cirurgia foi 0,97% no primeiro mês, com três reoperações. Seguimento de curto prazo foi registrado em 75,6% e de um ano em 21,64%. A perda de peso corporal total foi de 10% em 30 dias, aumentando para 33,3% após um ano, sem diferença entre técnicas cirúrgicas. Conclusões: o perfil populacional está de acordo com o registro global da IFSO. A principal dificuldade encontrada foi a baixa inserção de dados pós-operatórios. A experiência adquirida neste projeto ajudará no conhecimento da segurança e eficácia da cirurgia bariátrica no Brasil. Introdução entanto desconhecido prestada Metodologia Ltd Ltd. internet selecionados implementação Resultados 1363 1 363 1.36 cirurgiões 67,2%, 672 67,2% , 67 2 (67,2%) 3 415kgm2 kgm 41 5kg m2 kg m 41,5kg/m2 345 34 5 34,5 401 40 40,1% 793 79 79,3% 955 95 95,5 laparoscopia cardiovascular 203 03 2,0 dias 097 0 97 0,97 mês reoperações 756 75 6 75,6 2164 21 64 21,64% 10 333 33 33,3 cirúrgicas Conclusões IFSO pósoperatórios. pósoperatórios pós operatórios. operatórios pós-operatórios 136 36 1.3 67,2 (67,2% 415kgm 4 41,5kg/m 34, 40,1 7 79,3 9 95, 20 2, 09 0,9 75, 216 21,64 33, 13 1. 67, (67,2 40, 79, 0, 21,6 (67, 21, (67 (6 (

Abstract: The struggle for the right to housing in Brazil continued to exist during the Covid-19 pandemic and had to adopt new strategies in the face of health restrictions. This article addresses the demands of the Museum of Removals movement and its performance in defense of the right to housing. The research is based on qualitative data from the transcript of debates held in 2020 and 2021 by the Removals Museum with other social movements on the internet. The results reveal that the main challenges faced by social movements during the pandemic were the failure of the Brazilian State to ensure the right to housing with dignity in cities and the continuous violence in evictions and removals that occurred even in the face of health restrictions. The research shows that the dispute over territories in urban centers fundamentally serves the interests of real estate capitalism, capable of even making it impossible to comply with sanitary measures in public health in the midst of a pandemic with high lethality. Abstract Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 restrictions 202 internet capitalism lethality Covid1 1 Covid- 20 2

Resumo: A luta pelo direito à moradia no Brasil continuou existindo durante a pandemia de Covid-19 e precisou adotar novas estratégias diante das restrições sanitárias. Este artigo aborda as reivindicações do movimento do Museu das Remoções e sua atuação em defesa do direito à moradia. A pesquisa baseia-se em dados qualitativos da transcrição de debates realizados em 2020 e 2021 pelo Museu das Remoções com outros movimentos sociais na Internet. Os resultados revelam que os principais desafios enfrentados por movimentos sociais durante a pandemia foram a insuficiência do Estado brasileiro em assegurar o direito à moradia com dignidade nas cidades e a contínua violência nos despejos e nas remoções ocorridos mesmo diante das restrições sanitárias. A pesquisa mostra que a disputa por territórios nos centros urbanos atende fundamentalmente aos interesses do capitalismo imobiliário, capaz de inviabilizar inclusive o cumprimento de medidas sanitárias em saúde pública em meio a uma pandemia com elevada letalidade. Resumo Covid19 Covid 19 Covid-1 baseiase baseia se 202 Internet imobiliário letalidade Covid1 1 Covid- 20 2

ABSTRACT Introduction: Pandemics and epidemics are global events in human society, which express great catastrophe and desolation, accompanied by high lethality and marked repercussions on health services. They have decimated societies, similar to wars, but they contribute to the emergence of advances in the sciences. Objective: To describe the characteristics and peculiarities of pandemics and epidemics that occurred at different times in history, in the context of public health and its great social impact. Methods: The SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar databases, WHO and PAHO websites and other sources and information resources available on the Internet were used, which were accessed through the Google web browser. In the elaboration of the search strategy, the controlled vocabulary of the Descriptors in Health Sciences was used. The terms used were: pandemic, epidemic, rinderpest, plague, vaccine. 40 scientific articles and documents were retrieved and selected given their relevance for the investigation. Conclusions: Pandemics and epidemics require health promotion measures that stimulate adequate environmental sanitation, the availability of drinking water, correct hand washing, as well as preventing the spread of contagion and reducing the risks implied by climate change, lack of vector control and poverty among others, to contribute to reducing morbidity and mortality. The lack of preventive strategies forces the development of specialized centers to produce vaccines that guarantee the specific protection of susceptible populations.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las pandemias y epidemias son acontecimientos mundiales de la sociedad humana, que expresan gran catástrofe y desolación, acompañadas de elevada letalidad y repercusión marcada en los servicios de salud. Han diezmado sociedades, de forma similar a las guerras, pero contribuyen al surgimiento de avances en las ciencias. Objetivo: Describir las características y peculiaridades de las pandemias y epidemias ocurridas en diferentes épocas de la historia, en el contexto de la salud pública y su gran repercusión social. Métodos: Se utilizaron las bases de datos SciELO, PubMed, Google Scholar, sitios web de la OMS y la OPS, además de otras fuentes y recursos de información disponibles en Internet a las cuales se accedieron por medio del buscador web de Google. En la elaboración de la estrategia de búsqueda se utilizó el vocabulario controlado de los Descriptores en Ciencias de la Salud. Los términos utilizados fueron: pandemia, epidemia, plaga, peste, vacuna. Se recuperaron 40 artículos y documentos científicos que se seleccionaron dada su pertinencia para la investigación. Conclusiones: Las pandemias y epidemias requieren medidas de promoción de salud que estimulen un adecuado saneamiento ambiental, la disponibilidad del agua potable, correcto lavado de las manos, así como prevenir la expansión del contagio y la disminución de los riesgos que implican el cambio climático, la falta de control de los vectores y la pobreza entre otras, para contribuir a disminuir la morbi-mortalidad. La carencia de estrategias preventivas, obliga a desarrollar centros especializados para producir vacunas, que garanticen la protección específica de poblaciones susceptibles.

Abstract The information on the use of Videogames (VG) in general samples fundamentally reflects the characteristics of men, because of their greater participation in VG, making it difficult to identify the characteristics of women and their gaming activity. Objective: To describe the gaming behaviour of adolescent and young women in Madrid, and its relation with the development of gaming problems. Method: A self-report questionnaire (Gamertest) was applied to a sample of 1,228 women (12 - 22 years old) (M = 14.84; SD = 2.469), selected by randomized sampling in schools in the Community of Madrid. Results: 51% of women admit gaming. The typical profile is a woman who plays VG sporadically and for short periods of time, preferably Action and Adventure games or Puzzles and Platforms, mainly on smartphones, at home and alone, with the purpose of having fun. The main predictive variables of gaming problems, identified with the Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) in women are: a greater number of hours of use, playing Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Game (MMORPG), and Strategy VG. The most protective factor is playing VG accompanied. The results are discussed.

Resumen La información sobre el uso de Videojuegos (VJ) en muestras generales refleja fundamentalmente las características de los hombres, por su mayor participación en VJ, dificultando identificar las características de las mujeres y su actividad de juego. Objetivo: Describir el comportamiento lúdico de adolescentes y jóvenes madrileñas y su relación con el desarrollo de problemas de juego. Método: Se aplicó un cuestionario de autoinforme (Gamertest) a una muestra de 1.228 mujeres (12 - 22 años) (M = 14.84; DT = 2.469), seleccionadas mediante muestreo aleatorio en centros educativos de la Comunidad de Madrid. Resultados: el 51% de las mujeres admite jugar. El perfil típico es una mujer que juega a VJ de forma esporádica y por cortos periodos de tiempo, preferiblemente juegos de Acción y Aventura o Puzles y Plataformas; principalmente en smartphones, en casa y sola, con el propósito de divertirse. Las principales variables predictivas de problemas de juego, identificadas con el Trastorno del Juego de Internet (TJI) en mujeres son: mayor número de horas de uso, participación en juegos de rol multijugador masivo online (MMORPG) y VJ de estrategia. El factor protector más importante es jugar a VJ acompañado. Se discuten los resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Coronaviruses are causative agents of respiratory, hepatic, intestinal and neurological diseases. The neurological implications caused by acute respiratory syndrome due to coronavirus 2 have raised several opinions. The clinical involvement and pathophysiologic mechanisms related to neurological complications in patients with COVID-19 are currently poorly understood. Objective: to describe the neurological involvement associated to SARS-CoV-2 according to its pathophysiopathogenic basis. Methods: a search was carried out, mainly in PubMed, with the descriptors COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 and neuro. Scientific journals on the Internet and official Cuban and foreign press media were consulted. The manual published by the Spanish Society of Neurology in April 2020 was reviewed. The analysis-synthesis and historical-logical methods were used when associating the historical neurological affectations of the different coronaviruses with the current one and the deductive inductive method. Conclusions: the most frequent neurological affectations associated with SARS-CoV-2 are myalgias, headaches, cerebrovascular disease, encephalopathies, encephalitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, disorders of the senses and consciousness and weakness; they are related to the triggering of inflammatory processes, with alterations caused to the respiratory centers of the brainstem, with mechanisms of muscular damage and with its neuroinvasive potential.

RESUMEN Introducción: los coronavirus son agentes causales de enfermedades respiratorias, hepáticas, intestinales y neurológicas. Las implicaciones neurológicas causadas por el síndrome respiratorio agudo por coronavirus 2 han suscitado diversas opiniones. Las afectaciones clínicas y los mecanismos fisiopatogénicos relacionados con las complicaciones neurológicas que presentan los pacientes con COVID-19 son actualmente poco conocidos. Objetivo: describir las afectaciones neurológicas asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 a partir de sus bases fisiopatogénicas. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda, fundamentalmente en PubMed, con los descriptores COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2 y neuro. Se consultaron revistas científicas en Internet y medios de prensa oficiales cubanos y extranjeros. Se revisó el manual publicado por la Sociedad Española de Neurología en abril de 2020. Se utilizaron los métodos análisis-síntesis e histórico-lógico al asociar las afectaciones neurológicas históricas de los distintos coronavirus con el actual y el método inductivo deductivo. Conclusiones: las afectaciones neurológicas más frecuentes asociadas al SARS-CoV-2 son mialgias, cefaleas, enfermedad cerebrovascular, encefalopatías, encefalitis, síndrome de Guillain-Barré, trastornos de los sentidos y de la conciencia y debilidad; se relacionan con el desencadenamiento de procesos inflamatorios, con alteraciones provocadas a los centros respiratorios del tronco encefálico, con mecanismos de daño muscular y con su potencial neuroinvasivo.

ABSTRACT The use of internet in education is based upon the undeniable impact it has had nowadays and in future times. Internet has arrived to all educational centers and even too many Cuban homes, turning into a very important didactic resource. Notwithstanding, it has been shown a general lack of knowledge on most of professors’ side about all the tools internet provides as well as on the risks and advantages and the different ways to have access to internet. Therefore, the following article is presented which proposes a set of activities so to train professors on the competent use of internet.

RESUMEN El uso de Internet en la educación está fomentado sobre la base del innegable impacto que ha tenido en el presente y que tendrá en el futuro, llegando a los centros educacionales y hogares cubanos, convirtiéndose en un recurso didáctico, sin embargo, en la práctica educativa se ha detectado desconocimiento por parte de algunos profesores de lo que realmente le puede aportar Internet y los riesgos o desventajas, así como la forma de acceder al mismo. Se presenta un artículo proponiendo actividades para preparar a los profesores en el uso adecuado de Internet.

RESUMEN El objetivo es determinar el grado de adopción del e-commerce en sanatorios y hospitales de Asunción - Paraguay a través de un análisis de sus sitios web basado en el modelo eMICA. El estudio tuvo un enfoque cuantitativo de corte transeccional y descriptivo. Una población de 29 centros de salud (15 sanatorios y 14 hospitales) en Asunción fue registrada en google map en agosto de 2019, y una muestra de 22 recintos (11 sanatorios y 11 hospitales) fue utilizada por haber cumplido con el mínimo requerido (poseer un sitio web). Se utilizó una lista de 24 atributos clasificados en 3 etapas y 6 niveles propuesto por Burgess, Parrish y Alcock. Resultados: cumplimiento del 67,6% en la fase 1 promoción, 49% en la fase 2 provisión y 5% en la fase 3 procesamiento. Los atributos con mayor frecuencia se visualizan en el nombre y dirección física del establecimiento (96%), contacto teléfono (91%), fotografías, mapas y rutas (87%) e informaciones sobre el sanatorio u hospital (83%). Se concluye la existencia de bajo porcentaje de cumplimiento en el empleo del e-commerce en los sujetos investigados y se afirma que las actividades operaciones/administrativas/logísticas serían mucho más eficientes si el e-commerce fuese aprovechado para la cuestión.

ABSTRACT The objective is to determine the degree of adoption of e-commerce in sanatoriums and hospitals in Asunción - Paraguay through an analysis of their websites based on the eMICA model. The study had a quantitative, transactional and descriptive approach. A population of 29 health centers (15 sanatoriums and 14 hospitals) in Asunción was registered on google map in August 2019, and a sample of 22 institutions (11 sanatoriums and 11 hospitals) was used for having met the minimum requirement (having a website). A list of 24 attributes classified in 3 stages and 6 levels proposed by Burgess, Parrish and Alcock was used. Results: compliance of 67.6% in phase 1 promotion, 49% in phase 2 provision and 5% in phase 3 processing. The most frequently displayed attributes are the name and physical address of the establishment (96%), telephone contact (91%), photographs, maps and routes (87%) and information about the sanatorium or hospital (83%). The existence of a low percentage of compliance in the use of e-commerce in the investigated subjects is concluded and it is stated that the operational/administrative/logistic activities would be much more efficient if e-commerce were used for the matter.

Abstract The main objective is to analyze the articulation of community libraries as beneficiaries of the relationship between universities, businesses and societies, and the strategies used to continue providing services during the coronavirus pandemic. This descriptive research was carried out from an ethnomethodological perspective. In the face of the coronavirus pandemic, the results show that public libraries are not sufficiently recognized by local authorities, despite being considered learning support centers. In conclusion, although they are of great benefit to the itinerant and humble population, these libraries do not receive donations from the State, so that those interested in promoting this type of initiative in the current context affirm that it is an opportunity to reinvent and value libraries, making known their support as an intermediary between knowledge and culture. Therefore, they should necessarily innovate with technology in areas with internet connection or use options such as the bibliobus to have in-person access to areas with less connectivity, respecting and complying with biosafety standards at all times.

Resumen El objetivo principal es analizar la articulación de las bibliotecas comunitarias como beneficiarias de la relación entre la universidad, la empresa y la sociedad, y las estrategias utilizadas para seguir prestando servicios durante la pandemia de coronavirus. Esta investigación descriptiva se llevó a cabo desde una perspectiva etnometodológica. Los resultados muestran que, ante una pandemia como la del coronavirus, las bibliotecas públicas no son suficientemente reconocidas por las autoridades locales, a pesar de ser consideradas centros de apoyo al aprendizaje. En conclusión, las bibliotecas de este tipo, aunque son de gran beneficio para la población itinerante y humilde, no reciben donaciones del Estado, por lo que los interesados en promover estas iniciativas en el contexto actual afirman que representa una oportunidad para reinventar y valorar las bibliotecas, dando a conocer su apoyo como intermediaria entre el conocimiento y la cultura, siendo necesario innovar con tecnología en las zonas con conexión a Internet o utilizar opciones como el bibliobús para acceder de forma presencial a territorios de menor conectividad, respetando y cumpliendo en todo momento las normas de bioseguridad.

Resumen El presente artículo tiene como objetivo identificar los factores asociados a la adopción de la banca electrónica en México, utilizando la Encuesta de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación del INEGI 2019; para lo cual, se utilizó el modelo probabilístico Logit y el modelo supervisado de árboles de decisión. Los resultados de esta investigación pretenden dar insumos para formular políticas públicas y estrategias de inclusión financiera. Entre las limitantes se encuentran los datos perdidos de variables de gran importancia, así como la no disponibilidad de características más específicas de la población. La aportación original es el uso de herramientas de aprendizaje profundo en el análisis de la adopción de banca electrónica para una economía en desarrollo. Se concluyó que: los individuos con mayor nivel educativo, usuarios frecuentes de Internet, de estratos socioeconómicos altos y habitantes de los centros urbanos más poblados, son quienes adoptan fácilmente la banca electrónica.

Abstract This document aims to identify the factors associated with the adoption of electronic banking in Mexico, using the Information and Communication Technologies Survey from INEGI 2019; for which, a probabilistic Logit model and the supervised model of decision tree were used. Results from this research intend to provide inputs to develop public policy and financial inclusion strategies. Its limits include lost data from significant variables, as well as the non-availability of more specific characteristics of population. The original contribution is the in-depth use of learning tools in the adaption of electronic banking analysis for a developing economy. It was concluded that individuals with higher education level, frequent Internet users, from high socioeconomic strata and inhabitants of the most populated urban centers are who adopt electronic banking easily.

Abstract: Project-Based Learning (PBL) is a well-known student-centered methodology, but it is not commonly used in Uruguayan schools. This study measured students’ perceptions of the implementation of PBL and documented the successes and challenges for teachers throughout the process. The data showed that PBL was successfully implemented, but teachers reported a series of difficulties, including the quality of the training, a resistant attitude on the part of some teachers, students’ inexperience regarding the PBL methodology, pressure on teachers to cover the content, and issues with infrastructure and internet connectivity.

Resumen: El aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) es una metodología centrada en el alumno poco común en los centros educativos de Uruguay. Esta investigación midió la percepción de los estudiantes sobre la implementación de ABP y documentó los éxitos y retos de los profesores durante la misma. Los datos demostraron una implementación exitosa; sin embargo, los docentes enfrentaron retos como la calidad de la capacitación, la actitud de resistencia de algunos docentes, la inexperiencia de los estudiantes con la metodología, la presión del profesor por cubrir contenido, y problemas de infraestructura y conexión a Internet.

Abstract The Covid-19 pandemic caused the closure of educational centers in Mexico and the adoption of a model of distance classes, that showed wide technological inequalities between individuals. This work examines the uses of the internet by young Mexican students between the ages of 15 and 23 during the health contingency. A bivariate probit regression was estimated, with information from the National Survey on the Availability of Information Technologies in Households (ENDUTIH) 2020. The results show that during confinement, young students used cyberspace despite the digital divide, conditioned by socioeconomic and demographic factors, where less favored households have less chances of access. The findings show two types of uses: productive (tasks and courses complementary to education) and leisure (online games, listening to music, watching videos, and using social networks). The results show a lower use of digital technologies by women, which suggests gender differences. Likewise, the importance of higher education in a greater productive use of the internet and in the acquisition of digital skills is revealed.

Resumen La pandemia por la covid-19 provocó el cierre de los centros educativos en México y la adopción de un modelo de clases a distancia que mostró amplias desigualdades tecnológicas entre los individuos. Este trabajo examina los usos del internet por jóvenes estudiantes mexicanos de 15 a 23 años durante la contingencia sanitaria. Se estimó una regresión probit bivariada, con información de la Encuesta Nacional sobre Disponibilidad de Tecnologías de la Información en los Hogares (ENDUTIH) 2020. Los resultados reflejan que durante el confinamiento los jóvenes utilizaron el ciberespacio a pesar de la brecha digital, condicionada por factores socioeconómicos y demográficos, donde los hogares menos favorecidos tienen menores probabilidades de acceso. Los hallazgos muestran dos tipos de usos: productivos (tareas y cursos complementarios a la educación) y de ocio (juegos en línea, escuchar música, ver videos y usar redes sociales). Los resultados evidencian un menor uso de las tecnologías digitales por parte de las mujeres, lo que deja entrever diferencias por razón de género. Asimismo, se revela la importancia de la educación superior en un mayor uso productivo del internet y en la adquisición de las habilidades digitales.