Resumen (Objetivo) El objetivo fue analizar la composición de aves asociadas a cultivos orgánicos de cacao (Theobroma cacao) manejado debajo de 3 diferentes tipos de cobertura arbórea. (Metodología) Distribuimos 3 puntos de conteo en cada finca, para registrar todas las aves observadas y escuchadas, en muestreos de 5 minutos. Los conteos fueron realizados por triplicado, tanto en las primeras horas de la mañana como al atardecer. La diferencia en la composición de la avifauna entre las fincas fue analizada con la prueba ANOSIM. Las abundancias se transformaron por medio de la función decostand y el método Hellinger del paquete estadístico R-Vegan. La agrupación de las especies entre las plantaciones se efectuó mediante el escalamiento multidimensional no métrico (nMDS) y el índice de Bray-Curtis. La contribución de las especies a la disimilitud entre grupos fue analizada con el módulo SIMPER. Consideramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas cuando P ≤ 0,05. (Resultados) Observamos 428 individuos, clasificados en 49 especies y 23 familias. La finca donde las plantas de cacao crecen en condiciones más sombreadas, debido al desarrollo del dosel, mostró mayor cantidad de especies (34) y de individuos (146). La composición de aves varió significativamente entre las fincas (F(1,8) = 3,22; P < 0,02). La abundancia media de 19 especies (39,6 %) hizo notar diferencias significativas (P < 0,05), al comparar la finca con mayor sombra y menor sombra. (Conclusión) La composición de aves es más compleja en aquellas fincas de cacao orgánico que conservan un mayor desarrollo estructural de los árboles de dosel y que están cerca de bosque en regeneración.

Resumo (Objetivo) O objetivo foi analisar a composição das aves associadas às plantações de cacau orgânico (Theobroma cacao) manejadas sob três tipos diferentes de cobertura arbórea. (Metodologia) Distribuímos 3 pontos de contagem em cada fazenda, para registrar todas as aves observadas e ouvidas, em amostragens de 5 minutos. As contagens foram realizadas em triplicata, tanto nas primeiras horas da manhã quanto no final da tarde. A diferença na composição da avifauna entre as fazendas foi analisada com o teste ANOSIM. As abundâncias foram transformadas usando a função de costande o método Hellinger do pacote estatístico R-Vegan. O agrupamento de espécies entre as plantações foi feito usando o escalonamento multidimensional não métrico (nMDS) e o índice de Bray-Curtis. A contribuição das espécies para a dissimilaridade entre os grupos foi analisada com o módulo SIMPER. Consideramos as diferenças estatisticamente significativas quando P ≤ 0,05. (Resultados) Observamos 428 indivíduos, classificados em 49 espécies e 23 famílias. A fazenda onde as plantas de cacau crescem em condições mais sombreadas, devido ao desenvolvimento do dossel, apresentou um número maior de espécies (34) e indivíduos (146). A composição das aves variou significativamente entre as fazendas (F(1,8) = 3,2 apresentou diferenças significativas (P < 0,05) n; Paco< 0, mpa 02). A abundância média de 19 espécies (39,6%) ração entre a fazenda mais sombreada e a menos sombreada. (Conclusão) A composição das avesé mais complexa nas fazendas de cacau orgânico que mantêm árvores de dossel mais desenvolvidas estruturalmente e estão próximas à floresta em regeneração.

Abstract (Objective) The objective of this investigation was to analyze the composition of birds associated with organic cocoa (Theobroma cacao) crops managed under 3 different types of tree cover. (Methodology) Three census points were established in each farm to record all birds observed and heard in 5-minute sample periods. Counts were conducted in triplicate, both in the early morning and at dusk. Differences in avifauna composition between farms were analyzed using the ANOSIM test. Abundances were transformed using the Decostand function and the Hellinger method in the R-Vegan statistical package. Analysis of clustering of species among plantations was performed using non-metric multidimensional scaling (nMDS) and the Bray-Curtis index. Contribution of species to the dissimilarity between groups was analyzed with the SIMPER module. Statistically significant differences were considered when P ≤ 0.05. (Results) Four hundred and twenty-eight individuals were observed, and classified into 49 species and 23 families. The farms where cocoa plants grow in shadier conditions due to canopy development showed a higher number of species (34) and individuals (146). Bird comp P < 0.02). The mean abundance of 19 species osit (39.ion 6%) varied significantly between farms (F (1,8) = 3.22; showed significant differences (P < 0.05) when comparing the farms with the most and least shade. (Conclusion) Bird composition is more complex on organic cocoa farms, which have more developed canopies and are near regenerating forests.

Resumen En el artículo se examina la relación entre la migración interna de NNA (niños, niñas y adolescentes) y la asistencia escolar en la entidad fronteriza de Baja California, México. Se combina el análisis de los microdatos del Censo de Población 2020 con la realización de entrevistas semiestructuradas a docentes que atendieron a este sector entre 2015 y 2022. Los NNA migrantes internos presentan desventajas en la asistencia escolar y las brechas aumentan si la migración es reciente y si los padres trabajan en la agricultura. Ser indígena es un factor protector de la asistencia escolar para los migrantes no recientes, pero de riesgo para los migrantes recientes; esto último coincide con las percepciones docentes. Estos señalan que existen barreras tanto socioeconómicas como del contexto educativo que limitan la inserción escolar de estos migrantes. El Estado tiene aún pendiente garantizar el derecho pleno a la educación de los migrantes internos.

Abstract The article examines the relationship between internal migration of children and adolescents and school enrollment in the border state of Baja California, Mexico. This research combines the analysis of the 2020 Population Census microdata and semi-structured interviews with teachers who served this sector between 2015 and 2022. Internal migrant children have disadvantages in school enrollment, and the gaps increase if the migration is recent, and if the parents work in agriculture. Being indigenous is a protective factor for school attendance among non-recent migrants, but a risk factor among recent migrants; the latter is consistent with teachers’ perceptions. Teachers point out that there are both socioeconomic and educational context barriers that limit the school integration of these migrants. The State still has to guarantee the full right to education for internal migrants.

Abstract This article's econometric approach to socio-demographic indicators from the National Institute of Statistics and Census, such as births, deaths and hospital discharges of the Venezuelan population in Ecuador between 2015 and 2022, shows a notable impact on the migratory balance of this community. The sustained growth of Venezuelan migrants in the country underlines the importance of designing public policies that address the evidence of the data obtained and apply a human rights approach. The study shows that one of the most urgent needs of this population is access to public health.

Resumen El acercamiento econométrico que propone este artículo a indicadores sociodemográficos del Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos, como nacimientos, defunciones y egresos hospitalarios de la población venezolana en Ecuador entre 2015 y 2022, muestra un impacto notable en el saldo migratorio de esta comunidad. El crecimiento sostenido de migrantes venezolanos en el país subraya la importancia de diseñar políticas públicas que atiendan la evidencia de los datos obtenidos y apliquen un enfoque en derechos humanos. El estudio muestra que una de las necesidades más urgentes de esta población es el acceso a la salud pública.

O Recife constitui-se como uma das cidades mais violentas e desiguais do Brasil, sobretudo na ocorrência de assassinatos. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar os efeitos da produção de uma cidade racialmente cindida na distribuição da ocorrência de homicídios no município do Recife. Trata-se de um estudo transversal e ecológico, cujo local de estudo foi o Recife, capital do estado de Pernambuco. O período de estudo contemplou os anos de 2012 a 2021 e a população de estudo foram as vítimas de homicídios&nbsp; provocados por disparo por arma de fogo. Para as análises, o período de estudo foi dividido em dois quinquênios. Observou-se a determinação do racismo no perfil das vítimas: pessoas do sexo masculino (95%), negras (86%), jovens (67%) e com baixa escolaridade (78%). A análise espacial realizada demonstrou pontos de maior incidência de assassinatos no Recife, setores censitários estatisticamente significante de maior risco de morte 2012-2016 (RR=5,7; p=0,031) e 2017-2021 (RR=1,8; p=0,032) e proteção 2012-2016 (RR= 0,3; p=0,001; 0,006 p=0,014) e 2017-2021 (RR=0,1; p=0,001; RR=0,1; p=0,001), &nbsp;e, a maior incidência de homicídios nos territórios com maior Indice de Privação Social (IPS).

Recife is one of the most violent and unequal cities in Brazil, especially when it comes to murders. The objective of this article is to analyze the effects of the production of a racially divided city on the distribution of homicides in the city of Recife. This is a cross-sectional and ecological study, whose study location was Recife, capital of the state of Pernambuco. The study period covered the years 2012 to 2021 and the study population were victims of homicides caused by gunshots. For the analyses, the study period was divided into two five-year periods. The determination of racism was observed in the profile of the victims: male (95%), black (86%), young (67%) and with low education (78%). The spatial analysis carried out demonstrated points of highest incidence of murders in Recife, census tracts with statistically significant highest risk in the city 2012-2016 (RR=5.7; p=0.031) and 2017-2021 (RR=1.8; p= 0.032) and protection 2012-2016 (RR= 0.3; p=0.001; 0.006 p=0.014) and 2017-2021 (RR=0.1; p=0.001; RR=0.1; p=0.001), and, the highest incidence of homicides in territories with the highest Social Deprivation Index (IPS).

Abstract The article aims to reconstruct the growth of Law Schools from the national perspective in two periods of higher education expansion in Brazil. In the first period, from 1964 to 1980, the paper emphasizes the role of private institutions in the expansion and the dominant conception of undergraduate studies as being vocational. In the second period, from 1996 to 2019, it thematizes the legislation created after the 1988 Constitution, which includes the changing conception of university education, and the processes of commodification and financialization of higher education. Lastly, the paper deals with full and partial distance learning in undergraduate degrees and discusses the role of the Brazilian Bar Association in face of the expansion of the Law Schools. The article contributes to the comprehension of a phenomenon that is frequently mentioned by the literature but has not yet been analyzed from empirical data. Grounded on the changes of legislation and policy, and on the data from the Statistical Yearbook of Brazil and Higher Education Census, the paper shows that the growth of Law Schools followed the expansion of higher education in Brazil in both periods and that the area’s main particularity is that the Ministry of Education did not authorize the creation of schools with full distance learning for undergraduate Law degrees in the period. period 196 1980 vocational 199 2019 198 Constitution Lastly policy Census areas area s 19 201 1 20 2

Resumo O artigo tem como objetivo reconstruir o crescimento dos cursos de Direito a partir do cenário nacional em dois momentos de expansão da educação superior no Brasil. No primeiro, de 1964 a 1980, é enfatizado o papel das instituições privadas na expansão e a concepção dominante da graduação como profissionalizante. No segundo, de 1996 a 2019, são tematizados a legislação criada a partir da Constituição de 1988, incluída a mudança de concepção sobre o papel da formação universitária, e os processos de mercantilização e de financeirização da educação superior. Por fim, o texto trata do ensino a distância e da sua entrada nos cursos presenciais e discute o papel da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil frente à expansão dos cursos de Direito. O trabalho contribui para a compreensão de um fenômeno bastante mencionado na literatura, porém ainda não analisado a partir de dados empíricos. Fundamentado pelas mudanças de legislação e de política pública e pelos dados do Anuário Estatísticos do Brasil e do Censo da Educação Superior, o texto mostra que os cursos de Direito acompanharam a expansão da educação superior no Brasil em ambos os períodos e que a principal particularidade do curso está em o MEC não ter autorizado abertura de cursos da área na modalidade a distância no período. primeiro 196 1980 profissionalizante segundo 199 2019 1988 universitária fim literatura empíricos Superior período 19 198 201 1 20 2

Abstract Background: Maps of disturbed forests help to identify impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Methods using only spectral data to detect disturbance at the regional level have limitations, but expert knowledge and fragmentation analysis can improve estimation. Questions: What is the distribution of disturbed forests in a region of high biodiversity, and which vegetation types and regions are most affected? Data description: SPOT 2015, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery from 2019. Vegetation data were collected at 653 sites. In addition, herbarium, agricultural census, and National Forest Inventory data were used. Study site and dates: Chiapas State, during 2018-2022. Methods: We elaborated a hybrid map of vegetation types, emphasizing identifying secondary forests. Also, we carried out a fragmentation analysis and calculated the woody biomass per forest type. Results: 40 % of the State still maintains tree cover, but only 18 % is undisturbed; most undisturbed forests are in three regions: Selva Lacandona, Sierra Madre, and Gulf Plain. Overall, the biomass of disturbed forests is significantly lower than that of their mature counterparts. Conclusions: In Chiapas, the distribution of forests with good conservation status is restricted; almost half of them are outside NPAs, so it is imperative to promote additional strategies for their conservation and management.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los mapas de bosques perturbados son útiles para identificar afectaciones sobre la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. Los métodos que emplean únicamente datos espectrales para detectar las perturbaciones a nivel regional tienen limitaciones. El conocimiento de expertos y el análisis de fragmentación puede mejorar la estimación. Preguntas: ¿Cuál es la distribución de los bosques perturbados en una región de alta biodiversidad? ¿Qué tipos de vegetación y regiones son las más afectadas? Descripción de los datos: imágenes satelitales SPOT 2015, Sentinel-2 de 2019. Se colectó información de la vegetación en 653 sitios. Además, se usaron datos de herbario, censos agrícolas y del Inventario Nacional Forestal. Lugar y fecha del estudio: Estado de Chiapas, durante 2018-2022. Métodos: Se elaboró un mapa híbrido de los tipos de vegetación enfatizando la identificación de bosques secundarios, también se realizó un análisis de fragmentación y se calculó la biomasa leñosa por tipo de bosque. Resultados: El 40 % de la superficie del Estado mantiene una cobertura arbórea; pero solo en el 18 % no se aprecia perturbación; la mayor parte de los bosques no perturbados se encuentran en tres regiones: Selva Lacandona, Sierra Madre y Planicie del Golfo. En general la biomasa de los bosques perturbados es significativamente menor que la de su contraparte madura. Conclusiones: En Chiapas la distribución de los bosques en buen estado de conservación está restringida; casi la mitad de ellos se encuentran fuera de las ANP, por lo que es imperativo promover estrategias adicionales para su manejo y conservación.

RESUMO Travestis e mulheres transexuais têm suas vulnerabilidades aumentadas quando em situação de prisão, onde sofrem constantes violações de direitos básicos à vida. O estudo analisou a utilização e as formas de obtenção das tecnologias materiais de gênero dessa população no sistema penitenciário do Rio de Janeiro. Realizou-se uma pesquisa censitária com 138 entrevistadas, entre abril e junho de 2021. Os resultados revelaram percentuais elevados de jovens adultas, pretas, pardas e com baixa escolaridade. Apesar das dificuldades para a obtenção e a utilização dessas tecnologias, desvelou-se um cenário melhor quando comparado com outros estudos nacionais. prisão vida Janeiro Realizouse Realizou se 13 entrevistadas 2021 adultas pretas escolaridade desvelouse desvelou nacionais 1 202 20 2

ABSTRACT Travestis and transgender women have increased vulnerabilities when in prison, where they face constant violations of their basic rights to life. The study analyzed the use and ways of obtaining material gender technologies for this population in the prison system of Rio de Janeiro. A census survey was carried out with 138 interviewees, between April and June 2021. The results revealed high percentages of young adults, black, of mixed race, and with low education. Despite the difficulties in obtaining and using these technologies, a better scenario was revealed when compared with other national studies. life Janeiro 13 interviewees 2021 adults black race education studies 1 202 20 2

Abstract. The expansion of open pit mining in Latin America has generated processes of rural depopulation, evidenced demographically in population and housing censuses. However, there is little research on this. The objective was to analyze the socio demographic changes in communities affected by forced displacement linked to open pit mining. Qualitative methods were used to collect information in the field, and quantitative methods to compare census indicators between 1990 and 2020. Salaverna, a town located in Zacatecas, Mexico, which is going through an experience of forced displacement, is studied. The results show that companies promote the displacement of entire towns with the premise of improving the living conditions of the population to extract minerals with a sustainable approach. However, those are usually carried out involuntarily in contexts of unequal power over capacities, interests and needs of the population. The forced displacement changes the people’s way of life and generates feelings of solastalgia due to the anguish of socio-environmental devastation and the gradual destruction of towns that, for local inhabitants, can represent the center of their world.

Resumen. La expansión de la minería a cielo abierto en América Latina ha generado procesos de despoblamiento rural, evidenciados demográficamente en los censos de población y vivienda; pese a ello, existen pocas investigaciones al respecto. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los cambios sociodemográficos en comunidades afectadas por los desplazamientos forzados derivados de dicha actividad. Se utilizaron métodos cualitativos para la recolección de información en terreno, y métodos cuantitativos para la comparación de indicadores censales entre 1990 y 2020. Asimismo, se estudió el caso de Salaverna, localidad ubicada en Zacatecas, México, que atraviesa una experiencia de desplazamiento forzado. Los resultados exponen que las empresas promueven desplazamientos de pueblos enteros con la premisa de extraer minerales con un enfoque sustentable y mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población. No obstante, tales desplazamientos suelen efectuarse de forma involuntaria para los pobladores, quienes, en contextos de poder desigual sobre sus capacidades, intereses y necesidades, cambian su modo de vida y gestan sentimientos de solastalgia derivados de la angustia provocada por la devastación socioambiental y por la destrucción paulatina de sus pueblos, que, para ellos, puede representar el centro de su mundo.

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to analyze whether motivation affects the productivity of the cashiers at Plaza Vea El Cortijo - Barranco 2022. Regarding the methodology, a non-experimental design was used, with a quantitative approach, with an explanatory-causal scope. The census-type sample, made up of 50 ATMs from Plaza Vea El Cortijo. With respect to data collection, the survey was used as a technique and the questionnaire as an instrument, which had 19 items. Regarding the data treatment in reference to the inferential environment, linear regression was applied to calculate if the model is adequate and has predictive capacity. For the general hypothesis, the R2 found was (0.688), indicating that the incidence is moderate, concluding that motivation significantly affects productivity, highlighting that communication, recognition and working conditions play a crucial role in the motivation of employees. the cashiers of the investigated entity and that in turn this condition has a significant impact on the productivity goals established by the store.

RESUMEN El objetivo de la investigación consideró analizar si la motivación incide en la productividad de los cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo - Barranco 2022. En cuanto a la metodología, se empleó el diseño no experimental, de enfoque cuantitativo, con alcance explicativo- causal. La muestra tipo censal, conformada por 50 cajeros de Plaza Vea El Cortijo. Con respecto a la recopilación de datos se dispuso como técnica la encuesta y el cuestionario como instrumento, el cual contó de 19 ítems. En cuanto al tratamiento de datos en referencia al entorno inferencial se aplicó la regresión lineal para calcular si el modelo es adecuado y tiene capacidad predictiva. Para la hipótesis general el R2 hallada fue de (0, 688) indicando que la incidencia es moderada, concluyendo que la motivación incide significativamente en la productividad, destacando que la comunicación, el reconocimiento y las condiciones laborales juega un rol crucial en la motivación de los cajeros de la entidad investigada y que a su vez esta condición repercute significativamente en la productividad en metas, establecida por la tienda.

RESUMEN Introducción: los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con requerimiento de terapia sustitutiva renal (hemodiálisis) son frecuentes en el Paraguay, lo que afecta la calidad de vida de los que la padecen. Objetivo: conocer la calidad de vida de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en tratamiento hemodialítico en el Departamento de Nefrología del Centro Médico Nacional-Hospital Nacional en el período 2022-2023. Metodología: observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal realizado en el Departamento de Nefrología del Centro Médico Nacional-Hospital Nacional de Paraguay. Se incluyeron en el estudio 189 pacientes en que acudieron para tratamiento hemodialítico entre los años 2022-2023. La muestra fue censal. Para determinar la calidad de vida se utilizó el cuestionario Kidney Disease Quality of Life - 36 ítems. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa Epiinfo. Resultados: la edad media de los pacientes fue de 53 años, varones 58.2 %. El 98 % refirió la presencia de algún tipo de comorbilidad concomitante, las más frecuentes fueron diabetes Mellitus 43 % e hipertensión arterial 86 %. La media de meses en tratamiento hemodialítico fue de 20 meses. El cuestionario, Kidney Disease Quality of Life - 36 ítems, arrojó puntajes promedios menores a 50 en el componente mental (65.08) y en el componente físico (71.95) así como en la subescala carga de la enfermedad (55.55). Conclusión: la mayoría de los pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con tratamiento hemodialítico en el Hospital Nacional evidencian una baja calidad de vida.

ABSTRACT Introduction: patients with chronic kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy (hemodialysis) are common in Paraguay, which affects the quality of life of those who suffer from it. Objective: to know the quality of life of patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis treatment in the Departmento de Nefrología of the Centro Médico Nacional-Hospital Nacional in the period 2022-2023. Methodology: observational, descriptive, cross-sectional carried out in the Nephrology Department of the Centro Médico Nacional-Hospital Nacional of Paraguay. 189 patients who came for hemodialysis treatment between 2022-2023 were included in the study. The sample was census. To determine quality of life, the Kidney Disease Quality of Life questionnaire - 36 items was used. The data were analyzed with the Epi Info program. Results: the average age of the patients was 53 years, 58.2 % men. 98 % reported the presence of some type of concomitant comorbidity, the most frequent being diabetes mellitus 43 % and arterial hypertension 86 %. The average number of months on hemodialysis treatment was 20 months. The questionnaire, Kidney Disease Quality of Life - 36 items, showed average scores less than 50 in the mental component (65.08) and in the physical component (71.95) as well as in the burden of the disease subscale (55.55). Conclusion: the majority of patients with chronic kidney disease with hemodialysis treatment at the National Hospital show a low quality of life.

Resumen El estudio se ha orientado desde el enfoque cuantitativo, el objetivo fue determinar si existe dependencia entre las variables sociodemográficas como grado de instrucción, religión, estado civil, carga familiar, género y rango de edad con la variable felicidad, la población considerada para el estudio fue la del último censo nacional peruano conformado por 179096 ciudadanos cuyas edades oscilan entre los 18 y 60 años; el muestreo probabilístico fue de tipo estratificado y cuenta con un nivel de confianza del 97 %. Se obtuvo una muestra de 1035 sujetos, se ha aplicado la escala de la felicidad de Lima (EFL); arrojando un indicador de 0.893 según el alfa de Cronbach con un coeficiente de alta confiabilidad. Se ha considerado las normas éticas y el consentimiento informado para esta investigación. A través de la prueba Chi cuadrada se pudo conocer la dependencia de las variables y se ha logrado obtener como resultado que el 40% de la población se encuentra en un nivel de baja felicidad; del mismo modo, se determinó la relación de dependencia entre las variables religión, estado civil, ausencia de dependencia con respecto a la carga familiar, género, rango de edad y grado de instrucción. La rigurosidad del estudio permite la extrapolación con poblaciones con las que se realizaron estudios similares.

Abstract The study has been oriented from the quantitative approach, the objective was to determine if there is dependence between sociodemographic variables such as educational level, religion, marital status, family burden, gender and age range with the happiness variable, the population considered for the study was that of the last Peruvian national census made up of 179096 citizens whose ages range between 18 and 60 years; the probability sampling was stratified and has a confidence level of 97%. A sample of 1035 subjects was obtained, the Lima Happiness Scale (EFL) was applied, yielding an indicator of 0.893 according to Cronbach's alpha with a high reliability coefficient. Ethical standards and informed consent were considered for this research. The Chi-square test was used to determine the dependence of the variables and the result was that 40% of the population is at a low level of happiness; likewise, the relationship of dependence between the variables religion, marital status, absence of dependence with respect to family burden, gender, age range and degree of education was determined. The rigor of the study allows extrapolation with populations with which similar studies were carried out.

SIGNIFICANCE: A census provides a snapshot of a population at a point in time. In addition to describing the basic demographic and socio-economic characteristics of a population, census data provide denominators for estimating rates; inform resource allocation and policy, development and infrastructural investment; and are used to define sampling frames for other national inquiries. Although the 2022 South African census attempted to correct for a national undercount of over 30%, it was not entirely successful. We identify a number of concerns with the estimates released, which suggest that the data may not be fit for purpose.

Abstract This article analyzes the impact of the occupational crisis generated by the COVID-19 pandemic on Argentina's urban regional labor markets, focusing on the composition, functioning and quality of jobs. It examines the performance of these markets during the year 2020 compared to the previous situation (2019-2020) and the subsequent recovery (2020-2021). Indicators such as changes in the sectoral composition of employment and work precariousness at the aggregate level and in major urban regions are used. The results reveal an increase in inequalities in terms of labor irregularity according to sectoral insertion, occupational category and urban region. These results are based on a descriptive, comparative and inferential data analysis from the Permanent Urban Household Survey (National Institute of Statistics and Census).

Resumen Este artículo analiza el impacto de la crisis ocupacional generada por la pandemia de COVID-19 sobre los mercados laborales regionales urbanos de la Argentina, centrándose en la composición, funcionamiento y calidad de los empleos. Se examina el desempeño de estos mercados durante el año 2020 en comparación con la situación previa (2019-2020) y la posterior recuperación (2020-2021). Se utilizan indicadores como los cambios en la composición sectorial del empleo y la precariedad laboral a nivel agregado y en las principales regiones urbanas. Los resultados revelan un aumento en las desigualdades en términos de irregularidad laboral según la inserción sectorial, categoría ocupacional y región urbana. Se llega a estos resultados a partir de un análisis descriptivo, comparativo e inferencial de los datos de la Encuesta Permanente de Hogares Total Urbano (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos).

Abstract The work seeks to evaluate the geographical accessibility to family doctors by older adults in Argentina affiliated with the National Institute of Social Services for Retirees and Pensioners (INSSJyP) in an intermediate city. Geographical accessibility measures between affiliates and physicians, and coverage areas were calculated. Affiliates are, on average, 1,000 meters from the nearest GP and there are areas where members are far from the offer. Likewise, the average distance to the nearest doctor is greater for affiliates who live in census radio of lower socio-economic level.

Resumen El trabajo busca evaluar la accesibilidad geográfica a los médicos de cabecera por parte de las personas mayores en la Argentina afiliados al Instituto Nacional de Servicios Sociales para Jubilados y Pensionados (INSSJyP) en una ciudad intermedia de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (Bahía Blanca). Se calcularon medidas de accesibilidad geográfica entre afiliados y médicos, y, áreas de cobertura. Los afiliados se encuentran, en promedio, a 1000 metros del médico de cabecera más cercano y se evidencian áreas en las cuales los afiliados quedan muy alejados de la oferta. Asimismo, la distancia promedio al médico más próximo es mayor para los afiliados que viven en radios censales de menor nivel socioeconómico.

Abstract This research seeks to delve into the dynamics of participation within news platforms curated by non-professional journalists residing in inland Portugal. Through an exploratory study, two initiatives originating from communities located in the country’s inland areas are analysed: Vela Notícias, in the Centre region, and Jornal da Aldeia, in the Alentejo region. These initiatives serve as empirical objects illustrating a phenomenon that reflects the shift away from traditional media, the community’s eagerness to disseminate locally pertinent knowledge, and the citizens’ yearning for social and cultural representation. Both initiatives have emerged in ageing and sparsely populated regions, with fewer than 1,000 inhabitants, according to the 2021 Census (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2021). To understand and address these concerns, alongside a thorough review of pertinent literature, semi-structured interviews were conducted as a methodological approach involving participants engaged in information production for the two community media outlets. The significance of this study lies in unravelling the intricacies of proximity communication dynamics spearheaded by non-journalist citizens. The residents of both parishes actively contribute to content creation, topic selection, editing, and distribution of the newspapers. Production operates outside the norms of journalistic selection, filtering, and hierarchy. Nevertheless, interviewees exhibit keen interest and confidence in the published information. The motivation for participation stems from a desire to share common values and cultural connections, fostering a sense of belonging and social responsibility.

Resumo Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as dinâmicas de participação presentes em veículos informativos produzidos por cidadãos não-jornalistas, no interior de Portugal. A partir de um estudo exploratório, são analisadas duas iniciativas desenvolvidas por comunidades localizadas no interior do país, o Vela Notícias, na região Centro, e o Jornal da Aldeia, na região do Alentejo. Estas são entendidas como objetos empíricos de um fenómeno que reflete o distanciamento e os constrangimentos dos média tradicionais, o desejo das populações destes territórios de partilharem conhecimento de interesse local e a necessidade de os cidadãos se sentirem representados social e culturalmente. As duas iniciativas surgiram em regiões desertificadas, com menos de 1.000 habitantes, e envelhecidas, segundo os Censos 2021 (Instituto Nacional de Estatística, 2021). A fim de compreender e discutir tais questões, além da revisão da literatura pertinente ao tema, realizaram-se entrevistas semiestruturadas, como procedimento metodológico, aos participantes envolvidos na produção informativa dos dois média comunitários. A importância do estudo consiste em compreender dinâmicas comunicacionais de proximidade que envolvem cidadãos não-jornalistas. Os cidadãos das duas freguesias participam na criação de conteúdos, na escolha dos assuntos, na edição e na distribuição dos periódicos. A produção não está submetida às lógicas de seleção, filtragem e hierarquização jornalísticas. Ainda assim, os entrevistados demonstram interesse e confiança nas informações publicadas. O interesse em participar relaciona-se com o desejo de partilha de valores comuns e vínculos culturais, que contam ainda com o sentimento de pertença e de responsabilidade social.