Resumen Se analizó el crecimiento relativo de langosta espinosa Panulirus gracilis, con un enfoque de selección multimodelo y la teoría de la información de Akaike. Se realizaron muestreos en capturas comerciales de langosta espinosa del sur de Sinaloa, México entre las temporadas de pesca de 2014 y 2015 y, 2017 y 2018. En 298 hembras de P. gracilis se registró la longitud cefalotórax (LC) mm, peso total (PT) g y fase de madurez gonádica. La estructura de tallas varió de 54.6 a 103.1 mm de LC. Se observaron hembras maduras a partir de 57.5 mm de LC, con un incremento de proporción de madurez en tallas mayores. El mejor modelo fue Línea Rota (Wi=65.09%) y Dos Segmentos (Wi%=34.87). El cambio en el crecimiento relativo a la talla en ambos modelos, coincidió con un incremento en la proporción de madurez en tallas mayores a 60 mm de LC en P. gracilis.

Abstract The relative growth on spiny lobster Panulirus gracilis was analyzed a multimodel selection approach and Akaike information theory. In the carried out samples at the landing commercial of spiny lobster, at the south of Sinaloa, Mexico during season 2014 and 2015, and 2017 and 2018. In 298 female P. gracilis individuals were measures caparace length (CL) mm, total weight (W) g, and gonad maturity stages. The structure sizes between 54.6 to 103.1 mm CL. The organism minor size mature was 57.5 mm CL but maturity percent stages rise on larger sizes. The best model was broken stick (Wi = 65.09%) but also two segments has statistic support (Wi=34.87%). A differential relative growth in both models, coincident with a rise in the percent gonad maturity toward big sizes in P. gracilis.

RESUMO Neste trabalho foram analisadas a biologia populacional e aspectos reprodutivos de duas espécies simpátricas de Hyalella em uma nascente encontrada na região noroeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. As amostragens foram realizadas por uma pessoa durante dez minutos com puçá no período de um ano (Março/2018 a Abril/2019) e transportadas ao laboratório. Todos os indivíduos amostrados foram sexados, mensurados e separados por classes de tamanho de comprimento do cefalotórax (CC). Hyalella gauchensis Streck & Castiglioni, 2017 foi 22,7 vezes mais frequente e apresentou comprimento do cefalotórax médio significativamente superior a Hyalella longipropodus Limberger, Graichen & Castiglioni, 2021. Machos apresentaram maior tamanho corpóreo (CC) que as fêmeas, embora ocorram em menor número em ambas as espécies. A distribuição de frequência total em classes de tamanho de CC foi bimodal em machos e juvenis e polimodal em fêmeas de H. gauchensis. Em H. longipropodus a distribuição foi bimodal em machos, fêmeas e juvenis. Tanto H. gauchensis quanto H. longipropodus tiveram seu pico reprodutivo e de recrutamento durante as estações mais frias do ano (outono e inverno, respectivamente), entretanto, houve separação temporal sazonal dos picos de intensidade entre as duas espécies, o que poderia indicar diferentes estratégias e/ou adaptações evolutivas para a coexistência das mesmas. Sul Brasil Março/2018 Março2018 Março 2018 (Março/201 Abril/2019 Abril2019 Abril 2019 laboratório sexados CC. . Castiglioni 201 227 22 7 22, Limberger 2021 (CC H outono inverno respectivamente, respectivamente , respectivamente) entretanto eou ou mesmas Março/201 Março201 (Março/20 Abril/201 Abril201 20 2 202 Março/20 Março20 (Março/2 Abril/20 Abril20 Março/2 Março2 (Março/ Abril/2 Abril2 Março/ (Março Abril/

ABSTRACT In this work, the population dynamics and reproductive aspects of two sympatric Hyalella species in a river spring were analyzed in the northwestern state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The samplings were performed by one person, for ten minutes and using a hand net for one-year period (March 2018 to April 2019) and transported to the laboratory. All individuals sampled were sexed, measured, and separated by cephalothorax length (CC) size classes. Hyalella gauchensis Streck & Castiglioni, 2017 was 22.7 times more frequent and showed significantly greater mean cephalothorax when compared to Hyalella longipropodus Limberger, Graichen & Castiglioni, 2021. Males had a larger body size (CC) than females, although they occur in smaller numbers in both species. The total frequency distribution in CC size classes was bimodal in males and juveniles, and polimodal in females of H. gauchensis. In H. longipropodus the distribution as bimodal in males, females and juveniles. Both H. gauchensis and H. longipropodus had their breeding season and recruitment during the colder seasons of the year (fall and winter, respectively). However, there was a seasonal temporal separation of the intensity peaks between the two species, which could indicate different strategies and/or evolutionary adaptations for their coexistence. work Sul Brazil person oneyear March 201 2019 laboratory sexed measured (CC Castiglioni 227 22 7 22. Limberger 2021 juveniles H fall winter respectively. respectively . respectively) However andor or coexistence 20 2 202

RESUMO O mosquito da febre amarela, Aedes aegypti, tem sido associado a várias doenças humanas graves. As larvas e os adultos do Ae. aegypti foram amplamente estudados, mas as pupas não receberam muita atenção. Neste estudo, a morfologia externa e a caetotaxia das pupas de Ae. aegypti foram investigadas por meio de microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) para determinar características morfológicas adicionais para a identificação adequada da espécie. As pupas de Ae. aegypti apresentam alta mobilidade com rápida submersão em resposta a distúrbios externos. As pupas entram em contato com o ar por meio de chifres respiratórios emparelhados. O corpo da pupa é coberto por uma cutícula translúcida composta por um cefalotórax e um abdômen estreito e articulado. A região anterior do cefalotórax é ocupada por peças bucais e uma cabeça achatada. Os olhos compostos do adulto são visíveis em ambos os lados da cabeça. Antes dos olhos compostos, as antenas emergem na parte superior e são dobradas em sentido inverso ao longo das laterais do tórax. O primeiro segmento abdominal tem dois feixes palmados retos, essenciais para manter o corpo da pupa acima da superfície da água. Comparado com os outros oito segmentos abdominais, o nono é relativamente pequeno; ele possui dois apêndices móveis chamados pás, que são órgãos fundamentais no movimento da pupa, e uma nervura mediana os sustenta. Essa análise morfológica dos atributos das pupas do Ae. aegypti é fundamental para o controle de doenças transmitidas por mosquitos e para a taxonomia. amarela graves Ae estudados atenção estudo MEV (MEV espécie externos emparelhados articulado achatada tórax retos água abdominais pequeno pás sustenta taxonomia

ABSTRACT Yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti, has been associated with several severe human diseases. Larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti has been widely studied, but pupae have not received much attention. In this study, external morphology and chaetotaxy of Ae. aegypti pupae were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine additional morphological characteristics for proper species identification. Ae. aegypti pupae exhibit high mobility with rapid submergence in response to external disturbances. Pupae contact air through paired respiratory horns. A pupal body is covered with a translucent cuticle composed of a cephalothorax and a narrow, articulated abdomen. Anterior region of cephalothorax is occupied by mouthparts and a flattened head. Adult's compound eyes are visible on both sides of their head. Before compound eyes, antennae emerge in upper part and are bent in reverse along sides of thorax. First abdominal segment has two straightforward palmate bundles, essential for maintaining pupal body above water's surface. Compared to other eight abdominal segments, ninth is relatively tiny; it holds a couple of movable appendages called paddles which are fundamental organs in pupal movement, and a midrib supports them. This morphological analysis of pupae attributes of Ae. aegypti is critical for controlling mosquito-borne diseases and taxonomy. mosquito Ae studied attention study SEM (SEM identification disturbances horns narrow abdomen head Adults Adult s thorax bundles waters water surface segments tiny movement them mosquitoborne borne taxonomy

ABSTRACT Semi-terrestrial crabs play an important role in the ecosystem dynamics of mangroves and also serve as an economic support for coastal communities through artisanal fishing development. There is limited information available on the exploitation, marketing, and biometric parameters of crabs in Panama, with some of these studies being conducted in the Gulf of Montijo on the Pacific coast. Our study aims to contribute to this topic by conducting an exploratory analysis of the size and weight of Cardisoma crassum (blue crab) and Ucides occidentalis (red crab) in a different location within the same coast, namely, Cresta de Chame. Sampling was carried out over a 5-month period from March to July 2022, and the biometry of 314 crabs was analyzed. Our results indicate that, on average, the cephalothorax width of crabs in this area is lower than the values reported for the Gulf of Montijo.

RESUMEN Los cangrejos semiterrestres juegan un papel importante en la dinámica ecosistémica de los manglares, y también son sostén económico para las comunidades costeras bajo el desarrollo de la pesca artesanal. Existe poca información sobre la explotación, comercialización y parámetros biométricos de los cangrejos en Panamá, algunos de estos trabajos han sido desarrollados en el Golfo de Montijo en la vertiente del Pacífico. Nuestro estudio busca aportar a esta temática, con un análisis exploratorio de la talla y peso de Cardisoma crassum (cangrejo azul) y Ucides occidentalis (cangrejo rojo) en una localidad distinta, de la misma vertiente, la Cresta de Chame. Se muestreó por un periodo de 5 meses entre marzo-julio de 2022 y se analizó la biometría de 314 cangrejos. Nuestros resultados indican que, en promedio, el ancho del cefalotórax de los cangrejos de esta zona está por debajo de los valores reportados para el Golfo de Montijo.

Keywords The productive performance of Clarias gariepinus, fed with by-products from the pulp extraction process of the lobster cephalothorax (Panulirus argus), was evaluated. An amount of 240 young fish of 10.16 ± 0.07 g initial mean weight were used, placed according to a completely randomized design in four treatments with three repetitions. The treatments were: control (100 % fish by-products), TI (75 % fish by-products and 25 % lobster by-products), TII (50 % fish by-products and 50 % lobster by-products) and TIII (100 % lobster by-products). Animals were fed for 45 days and feed was provided at 15 % of the biomass. The increase in lobster by-products in the rations decreased the amount of feed supplied per animal (137.15, 120.38, 109.72 and 86.53 g). Similarly, growth indicators (74.51, 52.91, 43.01 and 20.51 g) and feed conversion (2.41, 3.18, 3.78 and 9.81) were unfavorable when increasing the levels of these by-products, due to lower feed intake and, therefore, of proteins. Survival was 100 % for all treatments. The negative results were related to the high concentrations of chitin in natural form and calcium, present in these by-products. It is concluded that fresh lobster by-products were not feasible for feeding Clarias gariepinus. Its transformation into products with high added value, such as chitin, chitosans and protein concentrates, is recommended for subsequent evaluation as growth enhancers in this species.

Palabras Se evaluó el comportamiento productivo de Clarias gariepinus, alimentados con subproductos del proceso de extracción de pulpa del cefalotórax de langosta (Panulirus argus). Se utilizaron 240 alevines de 10.16 ± 0.07 g de peso medio inicial, ubicados según diseño completamente aleatorizado en cuatro tratamientos con tres repeticiones. Los tratamientos fueron: control (100 % de subproductos de pescado), TI (75 % de SP y 25 % de subproductos de langosta), TII (50 % subproductos de pescado y 50 % subproductos de langosta) y TIII (100 % de subproductos de langosta). Los animales se alimentaron durante 45 días y se suministró el alimento al 15 % de la biomasa. El incremento de los subproductos de langosta en las raciones disminuyó la cantidad de alimento suministrado por animal (137.15, 120.38, 109.72 y 86.53 g). De igual forma, los indicadores de crecimiento (74.51, 52.91, 43.01 y 20.51 g) y la conversión alimentaria (2.41, 3.18, 3.78 y 9.81) se desfavorecieron al incrementar los niveles de estos subproductos, por los menores consumos de alimento y por tanto, de proteínas. La supervivencia fue de 100 % para todos los tratamientos. Los resultados negativos se relacionaron con las altas concentraciones de quitina en forma natural y calcio, presentes en estos subproductos. Se concluye que los subproductos de langosta frescos no fueron factibles para la alimentación de Clarias gariepinus. Se recomienda su transformación en productos de alto valor añadido, como quitina, quitosanos y concentrados proteicos, para su posterior evaluación como potenciadores de crecimiento en esta especie.

RESUMO: A cadeia produtiva do Penaeus vannamei exige avaliações detalhadas quanto à qualidade do produto desde o campo até a planta de processamento, considerando a importância da manutenção dos padrões de qualidade. Foi avaliado o impacto das etapas da cadeia produtiva nos principais defeitos do P. vannamei como hepatopâncreas vermelho, cefalotórax desprendido e pós-mudas. Hepatopâncreas e o cefalotórax desprendido foram os defeitos de maior incidência, e estão relacionados ao método de despesca e manuseio pós-abate. O hepatopâncreas vermelho apresentou correlação positiva (r = 0,56; P = 0.008) com pós-muda. A Análise de Componentes Principais (ACP) explicou 53,91% da variância total dos dados, onde o segundo componente principal (PC2) contribuiu com 19,39% separando os defeitos do camarão e as etapas de manejo com base nos cossenos quadrados do hepatopâncreas vermelho e tempo de transporte. Esses resultados sugerem que as etapas da cadeia produtiva bem como o processo post mortem estão diretamente relacionados aos defeitos dos camarões, e o conhecimento desses fatores pode contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade do produto. RESUMO processamento pósmudas. pósmudas pós mudas. mudas pós-mudas incidência pósabate. pósabate abate. abate pós-abate r 0,56 056 0 56 0.008 0008 008 pósmuda. pósmuda muda. muda pós-muda ACP (ACP 5391 53 91 53,91 dados PC2 PC (PC2 1939 19 39 19,39 transporte camarões 0,5 05 5 0.00 000 00 539 9 53,9 (PC 193 1 3 19,3 0, 0.0 53, 19, 0.

ABSTRACT: The production chain of Penaeus vannamei require detailed quality evaluation from farm to processing plant, to maintain the quality standards. We evaluated the impact of production chain steps in main defects of P. vannamei as red hepatopancreas, detached cephalothorax and post-mult. Red hepatopancreas and detached cephalothorax exhibited the highest defect incidence, which are related to capture method and post-harvest handling procedures. Red hepatopancreas showed a positive correlation (r = 0.56; P = 0.008) with post-molts. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained 53.91% of total data variance, where the second principal component (PC2) contributed with 19.39% separating shrimp defects and management steps based on square cosines of red hepatopancreas and transport time. These results suggested that steps of production chain as well as post mortem process are directly related to shrimp defects, and the knowledge of these factors can contribute to improve the product quality. ABSTRACT plant standards postmult. postmult mult. mult post-mult incidence postharvest harvest procedures r 0.56 056 0 56 0.008 0008 008 postmolts. postmolts molts. molts post-molts PCA (PCA 5391 53 91 53.91 variance PC2 PC (PC2 1939 19 39 19.39 time 0.5 05 5 0.00 000 00 539 9 53.9 (PC 193 1 3 19.3 0. 0.0 53. 19.

Abstract: Pandarus boscii was previously reported in Mustelus mustelus (basionym: Squalus mustelus), but the original description of P. boscii was incomplete and inadequate. P. boscii is currently accepted as a synonym of Pandarus bicolor. Females of P. boscii differ in that the body is colorless or pale (in P. bicolor the cephalothorax is brown and the dorsum is yellow), the first and distal segments of the antennule have 23-25 plumose setae and 12 setae, respectively (in P. bicolor are 24-26 plumose setae and 13 setae), mandibular blade with 7-8 teeth (in P. bicolor are 8 teeth), maxilliped with one seta (in P. bicolor absent), proximal exopodal segment of the second leg with 5 spines (in P. bicolor are 6 spines). Significant differences were observed between male individuals of the two species, such as: smaller total body measuring 3.5 mm in length (in P. bicolor 3.9 mm), first and distal segments of the antennule with 15-17 plumose setae and 14 setae, respectively (in P. bicolor 26-27 plumose setae and 12 setae), mandibular blade with 7 teeth (in P. bicolor are 8), first antennal segment with one process and maxilliped with one seta (in P. bicolor absent), leg 5 with one naked and one plumose seta (in P. bicolor 3 plumose setae and a robust seta), distal exopodal segment of 3 and 4 legs with 2 spines (in P. bicolor 4 spines), distal endopodal segment of 3 and 4 legs with 4 and 3 setae, respectively (in P. bicolor with 5 and 4 setae). A detailed description of P. boscii is provided from individuals found on the body surface and fins of the spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias, recently collected in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey. Therefore, according to the results Pandarus boscii and P. bicolor are different species.

Resumen: Pandarus boscii se reportó anteriormente en Mustelus mustelus (basónimo: Squalus mustelus), pero la descripción original de P. boscii fue incompleta e inadecuada. P. boscii se acepta actualmente como sinónimo de Pandarus bicolor. Las hembras de P. boscii se diferencian en que el cuerpo es incoloro o pálido (en P. bicolor el cefalotórax es marrón y el dorso amarillo), los segmentos primero y distal de la anténula presentan 23-25 setas plumosas y 12 setas, respectivamente (en P. bicolor son 24-26 setas plumosas y 13 setas), hoja mandibular con 7-8 dientes (en P. bicolor son 8 dientes), maxilípedo con una seta (en P. bicolor ausente), segmento exopodal proximal de la segunda pata con 5 espinas (en P. bicolor son 6 espinas). Se observaron diferencias significativas entre individuos machos de las dos especies, tales como: el cuerpo total más pequeño mide 3,5 mm de longitud (en P. bicolor 3,9 mm), los segmentos primero y distal de la anténula con 15-17 setas plumosas y 14 setas, respectivamente (en P. bicolor 26-27 setas plumosas y 12 setas), hoja mandibular con 7 dientes (en P. bicolor son 8), primer segmento de la antena con un proceso y maxilípedo con una seta (en P. bicolor ausente), la pata 5 con una desnuda y una plumosa seta (en P. bicolor 3 setas plumosas y una seta robusta), segmento exopodal distal de 3 y 4 patas con 2 espinas (en P. bicolor 4 espinas), segmento endopodal distal de 3 y 4 patas con 4 y 3 setas, respectivamente (en P. bicolor con 5 y 4 setas). Se proporciona una descripción detallada de P. boscii a partir de individuos hallados en la superficie corporal y aletas del galludo Squalus acanthias, recolectado recientemente en el Mar de Mármara, Turquía. Por tanto, de acuerdo a los resultados Pandarus boscii y P. bicolor son especies diferentes.

Resumen El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el potencial antibacteriano y antimicobacteriano de los sub-productos del camarón blanco (Litopenaeus vannamei). Fueron obtenidos los siguientes extractos: extracto hexánico, metanólico y acuoso del exoesqueleto (ExHex, ExMe, ExAc); y extracto hexánico, acetónico y metanólico del cefalotórax (CeHex, CeAce, CeMe). El efecto antibacteriano fue evaluado mediante el método de microdilución en caldo contra las bacterias Gram-positivas: Enterococcus faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 51299, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, y Staphylococcus epidermidis; bacterias Gram-negativas: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, y Salmonella typhimurium; y Mycobacterium bovis bacilo Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) cepa Danesa. CeHex resultó activo contra todas las bacterias Gram-positivas y Gram-negativas (MIC50= 400 µg mL-1) y contra M. bovis BCG (MIC100= 250 µg mL-1). Mediante cromatogra-fía de gases (GC) de CeHex se identificaron los ácidos grasos: oleico, linoleico, palmítico, esteárico, behénico, palmitoleico y linolénico. La fuerte actividad antibacteriana de CeHex y la identificación de sus principales components químicos justifican estudios posteriores en las aplicaciones clínicas de este sub-producto marino.

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-bacterial and antimycobacterial potential of the by-products of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The following extracts were obtained: exoskeleton hexanic, methanolic and acqueous extracts (ExHex, ExMe, ExAc); and cephalothorax hexanic, acetonic and methanolic extracts (CeHex, CeAce, CeMe). Antibacterial effect was determined by the broth microdilution method against Gram-positive bacteria: Enterococcus faecalis American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) 51299, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25293, and Staphylo-coccus epidermidis; Gram-negative bacteria: Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145, and Salmonella typhimurium; and Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (M. bovis BCG) Danish strain. CeHex resulted active against all Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria (MIC50= 400 µg mL-1) and against M. bovis BCG (MIC100= 250 µg mL-1). Gas chromatography (GC) of CeHex identified oleic, linoleic, palmitic, stearic, behenic, palmitoleic and linolenic fatty acids. The strong antibacterial activity of CeHex and the identification of its main chemical constituents justify further studies on the clinical applications of this marine by-product.

RESUMEN El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de diferentes niveles de dureza total del agua en la muda, calcificación del exoesqueleto, crecimiento y supervivencia de Cryphiops caementarius. Los camarones machos fueron colectados del río Pativilca (Lima, Perú) y cultivados en recipientes individuales dentro de acuarios (55 L). Se emplearon cuatro niveles de dureza total del agua (100, 200, 300 y 400 mg CaCO3 L-1), con tres repeticiones, respectivamente. Los camarones cultivados en agua con dureza de 300 mg L-1 tuvieron menor periodo de muda (26,7 días) y mayor frecuencia de mudas (tres mudas). El contenido de calcio del exoesqueleto del camarón incrementó (p < 0,05) de 25 a 31 % en agua con dureza de 100 y 400 mg L-1, respectivamente. El mayor grosor del exoesqueleto (144 |jm en cefalotórax y 131 μm en abdomen) fue obtenido en agua con dureza de 400 mg L-1 y el menor grosor (93 |jm en cefalotórax y abdomen) en 100 mg L-1. El crecimiento en longitud fue mayor (p < 0,05) en agua con durezas de 200 y 300 mg L-1. El crecimiento en peso fue similar (p > 0,05) entre tratamientos. La mayor supervivencia (> 94,4 %) se mantuvo en agua con durezas de hasta 300 mg L-1 y la menor supervivencia (77,8 %) fue con 400 mg L-1. La dureza total del agua de 200 y 300 mg L-1 es conveniente para el cultivo del camarón, pero dureza del agua mayor o menor a este rango afectan la muda, el crecimiento y la supervivencia por deficiencia o exceso de calcio acumulado, respectivamente en el exoesqueleto del camarón.

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of different levels of total hardness on the molting, calcification of exoskeleton, growth and survival of Cryphiops caementarius prawn. Male prawns were collected from Pativilca river (Lima, Peru) and cultivated in individual containers inside aquariums (55 L). Four levels of the total hardness of water (100, 200, 300 and 400 mg CaCO3 L-1) were used, with three repetitions, respectively. Prawns cultured in water with hardness of 300 mg L-1 has a shorter molting period (26.7 days) and a higher frequency of molts (three molts). The calcium content of the prawn exoskeleton increased (p < 0.05) from 25 to 31 % in water with hardness of 100 and 400 mg L-1, respectively. The greatest thickness of the exoskeleton (144 |jm cephalothorax and 131 |jm abdomen) was obtained in water with a hardness of400 mg L-1 and the smallest thickness (93 |jm in the cephalothorax and abdomen) in 100 mg L-1. The growth in length was greater (p < 0.05) in water with hardness of 200 and 300 mg L-1. The weight growth was similar (p > 0.05) between treatments. The highest survival (> 94.4 %) was maintained in water with hardness up to 300 mg L-1 and the lowest survival (77.8 %) was at 400 mg L-1. The total hardness of 200 and 300 mg L-1 is suitable for prawn farming, but hardness high or lower than this range affects the molting, growth and survival due to deficiency or excess of accumulated calcium, respectively, in the prawn exoskeleton.

RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación fue caracterizar los microplásticos (MP) en el cangrejo peludo Romaleon setosum (Molina, 1782) (Cancridae), especie de importancia para el consumo humano. Se evaluaron 15 individuos de R. setosum adquiridos entre diciembre de 2020 y enero de 2021 en el Mercado Mayorista Pesquero de Ventanilla, Callao, Perú. El músculo, branquia y tracto digestivo de cada cangrejo fue sometido a digestión con KOH al 10%, seguido por un proceso de filtración para la búsqueda de los MP. Todos los individuos presentaron MP en músculo, branquias y tracto digestivo. Las fibras azules de MP fueron más abundantes en el músculo, las azules y rojas en la branquia, y el negro y azul en el tracto digestivo. En el caso del MP tipo film, el color blanco fue el dominante en el músculo y en el tracto digestivo, en tanto que el verde se observó en las branquias. Para los fragmentos, el color azul fue el más abundante en la branquia y en el tracto digestivo, no siendo observado en el músculo. El número de partículas de MP se presentó con la siguiente secuencia: tracto digestivo > branquia > músculo y con relación a su forma fue fibra > fragmento > film. Los MP de color azul y negro fueron los dominantes. La longitud del cefalotórax se observó relacionada con el número de partículas de MP totales, con el músculo y con el color azul.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterize the microplastics (MP) in the hairy crab Romaleon setosum (Molina, 1782) (Cancridae), a species of importance for human consumption. In total, 15 individuals of R. setosum acquired between December 2020 and January 2021 at the Ventanilla Fisheries Wholesale Market, Callao, Peru were evaluated. The muscle, gill and digestive tract of each crab was digested with 10% KOH, followed by a filtration process to search for MP. All individuals presented MP in muscle, gills and digestive tract. Blue MP fibres were most abundant in muscle, blue and red fibres in the gill, and black and blue in the digestive tract. In the case of film-type PM, white was the dominant colour in the muscle and digestive tract, while green was observed in the gills. For the fragments, the blue colour was the most abundant in the gill and in the digestive tract, not being observed in the muscle. The number of PM particles were present with the following sequence: digestive tract > gill > muscle and in relation to its shape it was fibre > fragment > film. The blue and black MPs were the dominant ones. The length of the cephalothorax was related to the number of total PM particles, to muscle and to the blue colour.

Resumen En el presente estudio se aisló un pentastómido perteneciente al orden Cephalobaenida del pulmón de un eslizón bereber (Eumeces schneideri, Familia: Scincidae). Se efectuó su descripción morfológica basada en observación por microscopía óptica y de bar rido y se justificó su ubicación taxonómica mediante análisis molecular del gen 18S del ADNr. Se recolectaron 17 especímenes del citado huésped en valles ubicados a elevadas altitudes, en la región de Jizan (Arabia Saudí); 12 de ellos (70,59%) estaban infectados. Todos los parásitos recuperados eran adultos y poseían un pequeño cefalotórax triangular, aplanado en la super ficie ventral, que se fusionaba con un abdomen abultado y terminado en un par de lóbulos divergentes. Los resultados indicaron que este parásito pertenece a Raillietiella spp., que agrupa especies con gancho posterior puntiagudo; estas se distinguen de otros miembros de la Familia Raillietiella por algunos rasgos característicos, como el número de anillos y la forma y dimensiones del cuadro bucal, las espículas copulatorias y los ganchos anterior y posterior. La caracterización morfológica demostró que el parásito recuperado era muy similar a R. aegypti, previamente aislada del mismo huésped. El alineamiento de secuencias mediante el método de probabilidad máxima basado en el análisis del gen 18s del ADNr detectó identidades del 88-95% con los géneros de pentastómidos disponibles en GenBank. Dentro del árbol filogenético se pudo incluir este parásito dentro del clado monofilético pentastómido con máxima identidad con las especies de Raillietiella. Las secuencias obtenidas fueron depositadas en GenBank, con número de acceso MK970649.1. El presente análisis molecular confirma por primera vez la posición taxonómica de Raillietiella aegypti, anteriormente aislado del mismo huésped.

Abstract In the present study, pentastomids belonging to the order Cephalobaenida were isolated from the lungs of Berber skinks Eumeces schneideri (Famiy: Scincidae), which were morphologically described by light and scanning electron microscopy and taxonomically justi- fied by 18s rDNA molecular analyses of the parasites. Seventeen host specimens were collected from well-vegetated wadis at high altitudes, Jizan, Saudi Arabia as new type locality; twelve specimens (70.59%) were infected. All of the recovered parasites were adults, possessed small broadly triangular cephalothorax flattened on the ventral surface and merged smoothly with a uniformly thick and squat abdomen and terminated in a pair of divergent lobes. The results obtained indicated that the parasites belong to the sharp-tipped posterior-hook Raillietiella spp. distinguished from other raillietiedids of the same group some important characteristic fea- tures including annulus number, shape and dimensions of the buccal cadre, copulatory spicules, and anterior and posterior hooks. The anterior hook of the female specimens (n = 5) had a blade length (AB) of 135±5 (110-146) ^m and shank length (BC) 158±5 (150-169) ^m while the posterior hook was much larger with AB measuring 221 ±5 (200-236) m and BC 286 ±6 (280-289) |o.m. For the male specimens (n = 5), the anterior hook had an AB of 73 ±3 (72-75) |j.m and a BC 102±5 (100-103) ^m. The posterior hook was much larger with AB 190.6±5 (190-191).

RESUMEN Una preocupación de la industria pesquera hoy en día está relacionada con el destino adecuado de sus desechos para que las agresiones al medio ambiente sean mínimas. Así, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el crecimiento vegetativo a diferentes concentraciones de residuos sólidos del cultivo de camarón en la producción de plántulas de tomate. Semillas de tomate cv. Santa Clara fueron sembradas en bandejas de sustrato, hasta uniformidad de germinación y mayor desarrollo para trasplante. Las concentraciones de residuos de camarón se mezclaron con polvo de coco y se realizaron los siguientes tratamientos: polvo de coco (control); 5, 10, 15 y 20 g de residuo de camarón, con 8 repeticiones por tratamiento. A los 7, 14, 21 y 28 días desde el trasplante se evaluó el número de hojas y el largo de la parte aérea. A los 50 días se evaluaron las características restantes de microanálisis fitotécnico, fisiológico y de rayos X. Las tres partes de los residuos sólidos son ricas en macro y micronutrientes (Fe> Zn> Ca> S> P> Mn> Na> Mg> K> N). Las plantas cultivadas con diferentes concentraciones de residuo de camarón mostraron una diferencia significativa en la tasa fotosintética y la tasa transpiratoria, a partir de 10 g kg-1. El uso del residuo de camarón P3 (cefalotórax + abdomen) es prometedor y puede reemplazar el uso de fertilizantes en el desarrollo de plantas para reducir la cantidad de material liberado al medio ambiente y facilitar su degradación. La concentración de 10 g kg-1 de residuo de camarón resultó eficiente para el desarrollo morfofisiológico de las plantas de tomate cv. Santa Clara.

ABSTRACT Appropriate waste handling is a concern in the fishing industry, seeking to minimize harm to the environment. This study aimed to evaluate vegetative growth at different concentrations of solid residue from shrimp farming in tomato seedlings. Tomato seeds cv. Santa Clara were sown in trays with substrate, until uniform germination and further development for transplant. The concentrations of the shrimp residue were mixed with coconut powder for use in the following treatments: coconut powder (control), 5, 10, 15 and 20 g of shrimp residue, with 8 replicates per treatment. After 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after transplant, the number of leaves and the length of the aerial part were evaluated. At the 50th day, the remaining phytotechnical, physiological and X-ray microanalysis characteristics were evaluated. The three parts of the solid residues were rich in macro and micronutrientes (Fe > Zn > Ca > S > P > Mn > Na > Mg > K > N). The plants grown with different concentrations of shrimp residue had a significant difference for the photosynthetic rate and transpiratory rate, starting at 10 g kg-1. The use of the P3 shrimp residue (cephalothorax + abdomen) was promising and could replace the use of fertilizers in the development of plants, reducing the amount of material released to the environment and easing degradation. The concentration of 10 g kg-1 of shrimp residue was efficient for the morphophysiological development of the tomato plants cv. Santa Clara.

RESUMO O conhecimento acerca da dieta de uma determinada espécie é essencial para fornecer informações sobre o crescimento e manutenção das populações em ambiente natural. Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862) é uma espécie de camarão de água doce com ampla distribuição no Brasil, ocorrendo frequentemente em ambientes aquáticos inseridos no bioma Cerrado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a dieta natural de uma população de M. brasiliense, comparando os itens alimentares consumidos em função do sexo, sazonalidade e tamanho corporal dos indivíduos. Foram realizadas coletas mensais entre setembro de 2018 a agosto de 2019. Os indivíduos coletados tiveram seu sexo identificado e o comprimento do cefalotórax mensurado. O conteúdo estomacal foi avaliado a partir do grau de repleção, método de pontos e de frequência de ocorrência. Verificou-se elevada frequência de detrito vegetal no conteúdo estomacal e uma frequência menor de insetos aquáticos, porém significativa. Não houve diferenças significativas quanto à dieta de machos e fêmeas e entre as estações seca e chuvosa. Foi observado um aumento do consumo total de insetos com aumento de tamanho de machos e fêmeas de M. brasiliense. Uma preferência de dieta por Trichoptera foi registrada em ambos os períodos de amostragem para machos e fêmeas.Os resultados obtidos confirmam uma dieta onívora para a espécie e sugerem que a composição e a proporção de itens podem variar em função do tamanho dos indivíduos e da disponibilidade dos itens no ambiente.

ABSTRACT Knowledge about the diet of a given species is essential to provide information on the growth and maintenance of populations in a natural environment. Macrobrachium brasiliense (Heller, 1862) is a species of freshwater prawn widely distributed in Brazil, being frequent in aquatic environments inserted in the Cerrado biome. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural diet of a population of M. brasiliense, comparing the consumed food items according to sex, seasonality and body size of individuals. Monthly collections were carried out between September 2018 and August 2019. The individuals collected had their sex identified and the length of the cephalothorax measured. Stomach content was assessed based on the degree of repletion, the method of points and the frequency of occurrence. There was a high frequency of plant material in the stomach contents and a smaller but significant frequency of aquatic insects. There were no significant differences regarding the diet of males and females and between the dry and rainy seasons. It was observed an increase in total insect consumption with the increase in size of males and females of M. brasiliense. A diet preference for Trichoptera was recorded in both sampling periods for males and females. The results obtained confirm an omnivorous diet for the species and suggest that the composition and proportion of items may vary depending on the size of the individuals and the availability of the items in the environment.

Resumo O presente trabalho trata de uma nova forma de disponibilizar o camarão, visando sua aplicação na indústria alimentícia ou na culinária, em que se deseje agregar o sabor de camarão, como molhos, temperos, patês, sopas desidratadas, salgadinhos, entre outros. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do uso da goma arábica como adjuvante de secagem nas características físicas e químicas do pó de camarão obtido pelo processo de secagem por atomização. O camarão fresco foi submetido às etapas: lavagem, pré-aquecimento, eliminação do cefalotórax e trituração do abdômen em liquidificador. À pasta de camarão resultante foi adicionada goma arábica nas concentrações de 2, 4 e 8% e desidratada em spray de aquecimento utilizando as temperaturas de entrada de 120 e 150 º C. O pó obtido foi avaliado quanto às suas características químicas, físicas e físico-químicas. A adição de goma arábica não alterou significativamente as características químicas, físicas e físico-químicas em relação à amostra controle. O aumento da temperatura de 120 para 150ºC, amostras controle, não teve efeito significativo (p ≤ 0.05) sobre a umidade do produto. O uso da temperatura de entrada de 120 º C no spray-dryer foi mais indicado para a secagem do camarão, apresentando um produto final de alto valor proteico.

Abstract The aim of this study was to find a new method to improve shrimp availability in the culinary and food industry, especially for products in which the flavour of shrimp must be preserved, such as sauces, seasonings, dehydrated soups, and snacks. The approach involved the use of arabic gum as a drying adjuvant on powdered shrimp obtained by spray drying. The effects of the arabic gum on the physicochemical characteristics of the powdered shrimp were then evaluated. The fresh shrimp was processed using the following steps: washing, pre-baking, cephalothorax elimination, and grinding of the abdomen in a blender. Arabic gum was added to the shrimp paste at concentrations of 2%, 4%, and 8% and dehydrated in a spray dryer with input temperatures of 120 ºC and 150 ºC. The chemical, physical, and physicochemical characteristics of to cite in the article page. the control treatment, the addition of arabic gum did not cause any significant alterations to the chemical, physical, and physicochemical characteristics. The temperature increase from 120 ºC to 150 ºC in the control samples had no significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) on the moisture of the product. The input temperature of 120 ºC was found to be the most efficient for drying the shrimp, given that the final product had a high protein content.

RESUMEN La biomasa y papel detritívoro-triturador de los decápodos contribuyen al procesamiento de materia orgánica y reciclaje de nutrientes en sistemas acuáticos. Sin embargo, poco se conoce de su biología y ecología. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la riqueza y distribución de decápodos, y describir algunos de sus aspectos biológicos en el río Guayuriba. Los organismos se capturaron con pesca eléctrica en once estaciones. Se determinó la riqueza y distribución espacial. A partir de diagramas de densidad y la prueba Kruskal-Wallis se compararon longitud total, del cefalotórax y peso, entre machos, hembras y estaciones. Se realizaron correlaciones entre el número y peso de huevos contra peso y longitud del cefalotórax de hembras de Macrobrachium reyesi. Se registraron tres especies, la más frecuente fue M. reyesi, seguida de Forsteria venezuelensis y Macrobrachium amazonicum. Las hembras de M. reyesi fueron más grandes que los machos, contrario a M. amazonicum. A nivel espacial machos y hembras de M. reyesi registraron diferencias significativas en longitud total, cefalotórax y peso; éstas fueron mayores en hembras ovadas respecto a no ovadas. El tamaño de las hembras mostró una correlación positiva con el número y peso de los huevos. M. reyesi presenta estrategias reproductivas similares a especies adaptadas completamente al agua dulce. Su tamaño para alcanzar la madurez sexual es relativamente pequeño en relación con otras especies. Investigaciones básicas como esta son necesarias para el manejo adecuado de recursos con potencial pesquero en la Orinoquia, caracterizada por su gran riqueza hídrica.

ABSTRACT The biomass and detritus-shredding role of the decapods contribute to the organic matter processing and nutrient recycling in the aquatic ecosystems. However, little is known about their biology and ecology. The objective of this research was to determine the richness and distribution of decapods, and to describe some of their biological aspects in the Guayuriba river. We caught the organisms with electric fishing in eleven stations. Richness and distribution were determined. We compare density diagrams through Kruskal-Wallis test, total length, of cephalothorax and weight, between males, females and stations. We related the number and weight of eggs against weight and length of the cephalothorax of Macrobrachium reyesi females. Three species were recorded, the most frequently was M. reyesi, followed by Forsteria venezuelensis and Macrobrachium amazonicum. Contrary to M. amazonicum, the females of M. reyesi were larger than the males. At spatial level, males and females of M. reyesi registered significant differences in total length, cephalothorax, and weight, and these were higher in ovate females than in non-ovate females. Female sizes were positively correlated with eggs' number and egg weight. M. reyesi presents similar reproductive strategies to species fully adapted to freshwater. Its size to reach sexual maturity is relatively small in relation to other shrimp species. This basic research will facilitate suitable management of resources with fishing potential in the Orinoquia, characterized by its great water richness.