ABSTRACT A patient presented with corneoscleral thinning five months after the treatment of suspected ocular squamous surface neoplasia with mitomycin-C and interferon. For tectonic and aesthetic purposes, we decided to perform lamellar corneoscleral transplantation. The approach used established new tectonic support and corneal homeostasis. This technique might be an option in similar cases. mitomycinC mitomycin C interferon purposes transplantation homeostasis cases

We report a facile hydrothermal method for the synthesis of niobium pentoxide (Nb2O5) under two different temperatures, 120 °C (Nb2O5-120) and 150 °C (Nb2O5-150). The obtained materials were characterized by structural, optical and morphological techniques. Also, the photocatalytic properties of the Nb2O5 samples were evaluated in two reactions under ultraviolet (UVC) irradiation: degradation of methylene blue (MB) and indigo carmine (IC) dyes; and esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) present in waste cooking oil (WCO). The Nb2O5 was formed at different temperatures of synthesis, and the increase in temperature did not cause significant changes in the structural and optical characteristics, but resulted in an increased surface area of the synthesized materials. Both synthesized materials showed excellent efficiency for dye photodegradation. The sample Nb2O5-150 presented the best performance for the MB photodegradation, with almost 85% of the removal efficiency. In this case, the adsorption of MB molecules on the surface of the material was high due to the favorable electrostatic interaction and also because of its high surface area. For the IC photodegradation, the adsorption was insignificant, and both samples presented approximately 100% of the removal efficiency. These materials were also promising for the reduction of free fat acids in waste oil by photoesterification. NbO Nb O (Nb2O5 12 C Nb2O5120 (Nb2O5-120 15 Nb2O5150. Nb2O5150 . (Nb2O5-150) techniques Also Nb2O UVC (UVC irradiation (MB (IC dyes FFA (FFA WCO. WCO (WCO) characteristics photodegradation Nb2O5-15 85 case insignificant 100 photoesterification (Nb2O 1 Nb2O512 (Nb2O5-12 Nb2O515 (Nb2O5-150 (WCO Nb2O5-1 8 10 Nb2O51 (Nb2O5-1 (Nb2O5-15 Nb2O5- (Nb2O5-

The inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an endocannabinoid system component, emerged as a potentially new therapeutic target for a range of clinical disorders such as acute and chronic pain. Some α-ketoheterocycle derivatives demonstrated interesting analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities in vitro. Ligand-Based Drug Design techniques such as knowledge graph convolutional networks (kGCN) and hologram quantitative structure-activity relationship (HQSAR) using α-ketoheterocycle derivatives from five different datasets were generated to discover the relation between the chemical structures and the inhibition activity. Meanwhile, structure-based drug design simulations as interaction fields (MIF), molecular docking, and ligand sites studies (LSI) from FAAH were performed using Autogrid software and FTmap/FTsite servers. The results of both studies were merged to propose predictive models. The resulting kGCN model demonstrated adequate accuracy area under the curve by receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC 0.7922). From contribution maps of the Ligand-Based Drug Design (LBDD) models and the generated probes using MIF and LSI, it was observed that the oxazole ring, the ketone group, and the apolar chain present in the structures of the inhibitors are important, besides the evidence of the Cys269 and Val270 residues importance for the potential interaction, confirmed by carried docking studies. These fragments and structural information can be used to carry out new FAAH potential inhibitors studies and report kGCN as an accurate classification technique. FAAH, , (FAAH) component pain αketoheterocycle α ketoheterocycle antiinflammatory anti inflammatory vitro LigandBased Ligand Based (kGCN structureactivity structure activity HQSAR (HQSAR Meanwhile structurebased based MIF, (MIF) LSI (LSI FTmapFTsite FTmap FTsite servers AUCROC AUC ROC 0.7922. 07922 0.7922 . 0 7922 0.7922) LBDD (LBDD ring group important Cys Cys26 Val Val27 technique (FAAH (MIF 0792 0.792 792 Cys2 Val2 079 0.79 79 07 0.7 7 0.

ABSTRACT: This report described the use of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) elastography in the diagnosis of two cases of canine malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors. Both patients presented with lameness in the thoracic limb and no response to previous clinical treatment or trauma history. Physical examination revealed muscular atrophy in one of the thoracic limbs, in both dogs. B-mode axillary ultrasound showed the presence of a predominantly hypoechogenic, heterogeneous, irregular, nonencapsulated nodule with adjacent reactivity, measuring approximately 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm in the first case and 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm in the second. ARFI elastography was performed, showing areas of significant stiffness, with an average shear wave velocity of 4.12 m/s (case 1) and 4.35 m/s (case 2), suggesting malignancy. In both cases, the affected limb was amputated, and the tumors sent for histopathological analysis, which were; subsequently, diagnosed as malignant tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath. The ultrasonographic methods used were essential in the diagnosis and therapeutic conduct. ABSTRACT (ARFI history limbs dogs Bmode B mode hypoechogenic heterogeneous irregular reactivity 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. second performed stiffness 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignancy amputated analysis subsequently conduct 41 4. 43

RESUMO: O objetivo deste relato é descrever o auxílio da elastografia por impulso de força de radiação acústica (ARFI) no diagnóstico de dois casos de tumores malignos da bainha dos nervos periféricos em canídeos. Ambos os pacientes apresentavam claudicação em membro torácico e já haviam sido tratados clinicamente por outros profissionais, sem resposta ao tratamento ou histórico de trauma. Ao exame físico, foi observada atrofia muscular em apenas um dos membros torácicos, nos dois casos. Foi realizado exame ultrassonográfico axilar. Na avaliação modo B, foi observada a presença de estrutura nodular, predominantemente hipoecogênica, heterogênea, irregular, não encapsulada e com reatividade adjacente, medindo aproximadamente 20.1 mm x 15.4 mm no primeiro caso e 18.3 mm x 10.7 mm no segundo caso. Foi realizada elastografia ARFI, demonstrando a presença de áreas de maior rigidez, com velocidade de ondas de cisalhamento média de 4.12 m/s (caso 1) e 4.35 m/s (caso 2), sugerindo malignidade. Em ambos os casos, foi realizada amputação do membro afetado e os nódulos removidos foram encaminhados para análise histopatológica, na qual se obteve o diagnóstico de tumor maligno da bainha de nervo periférico. Os métodos ultrassonográficos realizados nesses casos foram essenciais para o diagnóstico e conduta terapêutica. RESUMO ARFI (ARFI canídeos profissionais trauma físico torácicos axilar B nodular hipoecogênica heterogênea irregular adjacente 201 20 1 20. 154 15 4 15. 183 18 3 18. 107 10 7 10. rigidez 412 12 4.1 ms m s 435 35 4.3 2, 2 , 2) malignidade histopatológica periférico terapêutica 41 4. 43

Resumen: El síndrome carcinoide es un síndrome paraneoplásico que se presenta en tumores neuroendocrinos. Aunque es una entidad infrecuente suele ser la primera manifestación de la enfermedad. La baja incidencia junto a la presentación inespecífica genera retrasos diagnósticos importantes. Se presenta el caso de una paciente con síntomas digestivos y tuforadas que posteriormente agrega insuficiencia cardíaca, logrando mediante un ecocardiograma típico y marcadores analíticos el diagnóstico de síndrome carcinoide. Posteriormente se evidencia que su origen en un tumor neuroendocrino bronquial. Conocer las características de este síndrome es fundamental para mantener una alta sospecha clínica en pacientes con síntomas sugestivos logrando un diagnóstico precoz y adecuado.

Abstract: Carcinoid syndrome is a paraneoplastic syndrome that occurs in neuroendocrine tumors. Although It is an uncommon entity, it is usually the first manifestation of the disease. The low incidence besides the non-specific presentation generates important diagnostic delays. We present the case of a patient presenting digestive symptoms and flushing that subsequently adds heart failure, achieving though a typical echocardiogram and analytical markers the diagnosis of carcinoid syndrome. Later it is discovered its origin in a bronchial neuroendocrine tumor. Knowing the characteristics of this syndrome is essential to maintain a high clinical suspicion in patients with suggestive symptoms, in order to achieve an early and adequate diagnosis.

Resumo: El síndrome carcinoide é um síndrome paraneoplásico que ocorre em tumores neuroendócrinos. Embora seja uma entidade rara, geralmente é a primeira manifestação da doença. A baixa incidência, juntamente com a apresentação inespecífica, resulta em atrasos importantes no diagnóstico. Apresentamos o caso de uma paciente com sintomas digestivos e ruborização cutânea, que posteriormente desenvolve insuficiência cardíaca. O diagnóstico de síndrome carcinoide foi estabelecido por meio de um ecocardiograma característico e marcadores analíticos. Posteriormente, foi evidenciada a origem em um tumor neuroendócrino brônquico. Conhecer as características deste síndrome é fundamental para manter uma alta suspeita clínica em pacientes com sintomas sugestivos, permitindo um diagnóstico precoce e adequado.

Resumen Aunque no es muy común, en los últimos 20 años se ha observado un aumento significativo en los reportes de rotura del pectoral mayor, normalmente asociado a la práctica de actividad física en la que se produce una contracción intensa y/o al uso de cargas pesadas ejerciendo resistencia sobre el mismo. el músculo. En este caso clínico tenemos un paciente de 51 años que refiere dolor en el pecho derecho y en el brazo derecho durante 3 días después de intentar arreglar el manillar de su motocicleta. Presentó asimetría de pectorales, pérdida de fuerza en miembro superior derecho, dificultad de movimiento y hematoma. La resonancia magnética demostró rotura completa de la unión miotendinosa del pectoral mayor, con tendinopatía con fisuras de inserción e intrasustancial del infraespinoso y tendinopatía con rotura parcial del tendón subescapular. Un médico ortopédico recomendó seguimiento con el uso de medicación analgésica.

Resumo Apesar de não muito frequente, nos últimos 20 anos, houve um aumento significativo dos relatos sobre rotura do peitoral maior, normalmente associadas à prática de atividade física em que ocorre contração intensa e/ou uso de cargas pesadas exercendo resistência sobre o músculo. Neste relato de caso temos um paciente de 51 anos referindo dor no tórax à direita e no braço direito há 3 dias após tentar consertar o guidão da moto. Apresentava assimetria dos peitorais, perda de força do membro superior direito, dificuldade de movimentação e hematoma. A ressonância magnética demonstrou rotura completa da junção miotendínea do peitoral maior, com tendinopatia com fissuras insercionais e intrasubstanciais infraespinhal e tendinopatia com rotura parcial do tendão subescapular. Foi indicado por médico ortopedista o acompanhamento com o uso de medicação analgésica.

Abstract Although not very common, in the last 20 years, there has been a significant increase in reports of rupture of the pectoralis major, normally associated with the practice of physical activity in which intense contraction occurs and/or the use of heavy loads exerting resistance on the muscle. In this case report we have a 51-year-old patient reporting pain in his right chest and right arm for 3 days after trying to fix his motorcycle's handlebars. He had asymmetry of the pectorals, loss of strength in the right upper limb, difficulty moving and hematoma. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated complete rupture of the myotendinous junction of the pectoralis major, with tendinopathy with insertional and intrasubstantial infraspinatus fissures and tendinopathy with partial rupture of the subscapularis tendon. An orthopedic doctor recommended follow-up with the use of analgesic medication.

Abstract Introduction Submandibular gland fistula (SGF) is a rare subset of salivary gland fistulas. It is seldom tough to diagnose them prior to surgical exploration, and it is often clinically confused with close differentials. An early diagnosis based on pertinent clinical features and focused radiological findings can be pivotal in optimal management and help prevent recurrence and avoid unnecessary investigations/interventions. Objective To review articles that discuss SGF and provide vital etiological, clinical, and imaging features of this rare entity that can aid in early clinical diagnosis. Data Synthesis An extensive review involving PubMed and Google Scholar and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) standards. Conclusion Submandibular gland fistula is a rare entity. It can be confused with close differentials, including branchial fistulas, if not thoroughly examined. Discharge from fistulae along with submandibular pain/tenderness and/or swelling are important diagnostic clues. A history of trauma, nodule at the site of discharge, prior submandibular disease/calculi, or discharge aggravated with food further increases a clinical suspicion. Optimal radiological investigation looking for calculi/foreign body and delineating the fistula tract is vital to affirm a diagnosis. Gland with fistula excision is a commonly advocated treatment of choice with no reports of recurrence, although conservative management and gland preserving surgery have also reported a favorable prognosis. (SGF fistulas exploration differentials investigationsinterventions investigations interventions investigations/interventions etiological MetaAnalyses Meta Analyses PRISMA (PRISMA standards examined paintenderness pain tenderness andor clues trauma diseasecalculi disease calculi disease/calculi suspicion calculiforeign foreign prognosis

Antecedentes: Durante la práctica clínica se ha observado que los casos de vólvulo sigmoideo pueden tener complicaciones posteriores a su tratamiento correspondientes al síndrome de pseudoobstrucción colónica aguda (ACPO, por sus siglas en inglés) y crónica (CIPO, por sus siglas en inglés), siendo mucho más frecuente su forma aguda también llamado síndrome de Ogilvie. No se comprende completamente la causa y el mecanismo subyacente al desarrollo de estas condiciones. Aunque se han descrito posibles causas en otros estudios, la investigación enfocada en el estado de las células ganglionares y el microbioma del paciente es limitada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo aportar a la literatura médica el conteo de las células ganglionares y la diversidad microbiana de seis pacientes diagnosticados con pseudoobstrucción colónica aguda y crónica observada en pacientes de la zona altoandina del sur del Perú. Presentación de caso: El antecedente común que caracteriza y agrupa a los casos reportados es la sigmoidectomía previa por vólvulo de sigmoides, junto con la presencia de signos y síntomas de un cuadro obstructivo funcional agudo y crónico. En todos los casos, el diagnóstico clínico posterior al tratamiento de vólvulo sigmoideo fue ACPO o CIPO. Estos diagnósticos fueron confirmados mediante radiografía de abdomen y tomografía. Se inició un tratamiento médico conservador con Neostigmina. La falta de respuesta al tratamiento conllevó a realizar diversas técnicas quirúrgicas. Conclusión: Todos los pacientes mostraron hipoganglionosis. Según el análisis del microbioma, en cuatro de ellos, el filo predominante fue Firmicutes y el enterotipo predominante fue Prevotella. En los otros dos pacientes, se observó un porcentaje elevado de Proteobacterias, con Bacteroides como enterotipo predominante. La relación de Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes promedio fue de 4.9. Nuestro estudio muestra la existencia de disbiosis bacteriana en dos pacientes con hipoganglionosis colónica, que podría estar relacionada con la fisiopatología del ACPO y del CIPO. Adicionalmente, reportamos alteraciones en la frecuencia relativa de bacterias asociadas al metabolismo de flavonoides.

Background: During clinical practice, it has been observed that cases of sigmoid volvulus can develop complications post-treatment corresponding to acute colonic pseudo-obstruction (ACPO) and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO), with the acute form, also known as Ogilvie's syndrome, being more common. The cause and underlying mechanism for the development of these conditions are not fully understood. Although potential causes have been described in other studies, research focused on the status of ganglion cells and the patient's microbiome is limited. This study aims to contribute to the medical literature by examining the ganglion cell content and microbial diversity in six patients diagnosed with acute and chronic colonic pseudo-obstruction observed in patients from the high Andean region of southern Peru. Case Presentation: The common background characterizing and grouping the reported cases is the previous sigmoidectomy for sigmoid volvulus, along with the presence of signs and symptoms of an acute and chronic functional obstructive condition. In all cases, the clinical diagnosis following the treatment of sigmoid volvulus was ACPO or CIPO. These diagnoses were confirmed by abdominal X-ray and tomography. A conservative medical treatment with Neostigmine was initiated. The lack of response to this treatment led to various surgical techniques being performed. Conclusion: All patients presented with hypoganglionosis. According to microbiome analysis, in four of them, the predominant phylum was Firmicutes and the predominant enterotype was Prevotella. In the other two patients, a high percentage of Proteobacteria was observed, with Bacteroides as the predominant enterotype. The average Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was 4.9. Our study shows the existence of bacterial dysbiosis in two patients with colonic hypoganglionosis, which could be related to the pathophysiology of ACPO and CIPO. Additionally, we report alterations in the relative frequency of bacteria associated with flavonoid metabolism.

ABSTRACT Introduction Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is the most common urogenital fistula due to iatrogenic cause, primarily associated with gynecologic surgery (1). Although both conservative and surgical management may be considered, the optimal treatment is still uncertain and several studies were published using different techniques (open, laparoscopic or robotic) and approaches (extravesical, transvesical or transvaginal) (2–5). In this context, we aim to report our initial experience repairing VVF with Single-Port (SP) Transvesical (TV) access. Materials and Methods Four patients with a diagnosis of VVF underwent SP-TV VVF repair between May 2022 and December 2023. Diagnosis was confirmed by cystoscopy, cystogram and in two cases by CT Urogram. Under general anesthesia, before robotic time, patients were placed in lithotomy position and a preliminary cystoscopy was performed. Fistula was noted and a 5fr stent was placed through the fistulous tract. Two ureteral stents were placed. Then, with patient supine, a transverse suprapubic 3cm incision and 2cm cystotomy were made for SP access. First step was to mark and remove fistula tract to the vagina. The edges of the vagina and bladder were dissected in order to have a closure free of tension and to create three different layers to close: vagina, muscularis layer of the bladder and mucosal layer of the bladder. A bladder catheter was placed, and the two ureteral stents were removed at the end of procedure. Results Mean age was 53 years old and three out of 4 patients developed VVF after gynecologic surgery. Two patients underwent VVF repair 6 and 8 months after total hysterectomy. One patient developed VVF after total hysterectomy and oophorectomy followed by radiation therapy. Last patient developed VVF after previous urological procedure. Fistula diameter was between 11 and 15mm. Operative time was 211 min, including preliminary cystoscopy, stents placement and SP-access. All patients were discharged on the same day with a bladder catheter, successfully removed between post-operative day 14-18 after negative cystogram. Only in one case a ureteral stent was left because the fistula was closed to the ureteral orifice and we reported one case of UTI twelve days after surgery, treated with outpatient antibiotics. Mean follow-up was 8 months, patients were scheduled for regular follow-up visits and no recurrence was reported. All patients have at least 3 months of post-operative follow-up. Conclusions Our experience suggests that SP Transvesical VVF repair may be considered as a safe and feasible minimally invasive treatment for small/medium fistulae (10-15mm). (VVF cause 1. 1 . (1) open, open (open extravesical, extravesical (extravesical transvaginal 2–5. 25 2–5 2 5 (2–5) context SinglePort Single Port (SP TV (TV access SPTV 202 2023 Urogram anesthesia performed fr Then supine cm close procedure therapy 15mm mm 21 min SPaccess. SPaccess SP-access postoperative post operative 1418 14 18 14-1 antibiotics followup follow up followup. up. smallmedium small medium 1015mm. 1015mm 10 (10-15mm) (1 2– (2–5 20 141 14- (10-15mm ( (2– (2

RESUMEN Divulgamos el caso de Queiron de Celso del cuero cabelludo en una niña de 6 años, procedente de área urbana con antecedente patológico de tiña capitis. La tiña de la cabeza, tinea capitis o dermatofitosis es una infección fúngica causada por hongos, denominados «dermatofitos». El querión es una manifestación grave de tinea capitis que resulta de una intensa respuesta inmune a la infección y caracteriza por el desarrollo de una placa inflamatoria con pústulas, costras gruesas y/o drenaje.

ABSTRACT We report the case of Queiron de Celso of the scalp in a 6-year-old girl from an urban area with a pathologic history of tinea capitis. Tinea capitis or dermatophytosis is a fungal infection caused by fungi called “dermatophytes”. Kerion is a severe manifestation of tinea capitis resulting from an intense immune response to infection and characterized by the development of an inflammatory plaque with pustules, thick crusts and/or drainage.

RESUMEN La subluxación atlantoaxial es la lesión más frecuente en la columna cervical causada por la artritis reumatoidea. Se manifiesta por rigidez de nuca, dolor cervical y déficit neurológico. El diagnóstico se realiza con tomografía computarizada e imágenes de resonancia magnética. El intervalo atlanto dental anterior mayor a 5mm indica inestabilidad atlantoaxial, el intervalo atlanto dental posterior menor a 14mm advierte riesgo neurológico. Las indicaciones más frecuentes de cirugía son: dolor cervical severo, inestabilidad y síntomas de mielopatía. Cuando existe compresión medular es necesaria la descompresión cervical alta sea por vía posterior o por vía anterior (odontoidectomía endonasal versus transoral). La línea rinopalatina nos indicará la factibilidad de una odontoidectomía endonasal endoscópica (OEE). El objetivo de la presentación del presente caso es compartir nuestra experiencia con la primera odontoidectomía endonasal endoscópica realizada en nuestro país y fomentar la utilización de la técnica. La cirugía fue realizada en un paciente con cuadriparesia espástica por subluxación atlantoaxial por artritis reumatoidea y que presentó excelente evolución pos operatoria, con recuperación casi completa. La OEE es una técnica operatoria mínimamente invasiva, ideal para pacientes con múltiples comorbilidades y que ofrece de buenos a excelentes resultados.

ABSTRACT Atlantoaxial subluxation is the most common injury to the cervical spine caused by rheumatoid arthritis. It is manifested by neck stiffness, neck pain and neurological deficit. Diagnosis is made with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. The anterior dental atlanto interval greater than 5mm indicates atlantoaxial instability, the posterior dental atlanto interval less than 14mm warns of neurological risk. The most frequent indications for surgery are: severe neck pain, instability and symptoms of myelopathy. When there is spinal cord compression, upper cervical decompression is necessary, either via a posterior or anterior approach (endonasal versus transoral odontoidectomy). The rhinopalatine line will indicate the feasibility of an endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy (EEO). The objective of the presentation of this case is to share our experience with the first endoscopic endonasal odontoidectomy performed in our country and to promote the use of the technique. The surgery was performed on a patient with spastic quadriparesis due to atlantoaxial subluxation due to rheumatoid arthritis and who presented excellent postoperative evolution, with almost complete recovery. EEO is a minimally invasive surgical technique, ideal for patients with multiple comorbidities and offering good to excellent results.

RESUMEN El síndrome de Wells es una afección dérmica que presenta un gran polimorfismo clínico. Es una patología autolimitada, recurrente y su origen es incierto. Reportamos el caso de una paciente de 29 años, procedente del área Central de Paraguay, comerciante, sin patología de base que consultó por edema de manos y piel. El tratamiento indicado fue corticoide vía oral y desparasitación con buena evolución y sin recidivas.

ABSTRACT Wells syndrome is a dermal condition with a high clinical polymorphism. It is a self-limited, recurrent pathology and its origin is uncertain. We report the case of a 29-year-old female patient from the central area of Paraguay, a shopkeeper, with no underlying pathology, who consulted for hand and skin edema. The indicated treatment was oral corticosteroid and deworming with good evolution and no recurrences.

Resumen Introducción: Comprender y tratar deformidades, defectos y fracturas complejas sigue siendo un desafío en el área de la Ortopedia y Traumatología. La aplicación de modelos de impresión 3D incluye el diagnóstico, la planificación quirúrgica, la creación de guías intraoperatorias e implantes y el entrenamiento quirúrgico. Las deformidades y fracturas articulares complejas representan un reto en el tratamiento quirúrgico debido a la complejidad tridimensional. La tecnología de impresión 3D permite simular la anatomía, la reducción de trazos fracturarios, osteotomías, y la dirección y longitud de los tornillos. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar una serie de casos en los que se implementó la impresión 3D y presentar una revisión narrativa. Se describen dos casos de fractura de acetábulo, dos de escoliosis idiopática, una fractura del pilón tibial compleja y una fractura de astrágalo en los que se crearon modelos de impresión 3D para la planificación quirúrgica que resultaron beneficiosos tanto para el paciente como para el equipo quirúrgico. Conclusiones: Con el auge de la impresión 3D en el área de la Ortopedia y Traumatología, podremos facilitar el entendimiento de fracturas y deformidades complejas y mejorar las planificaciones prequirúrgicas. El tiempo de producción del modelo puede demorarse y ser una limitación para su uso en urgencias. Aún faltan estudios para evaluar los beneficios significativos para el paciente y el equipo médico, como la reducción del tiempo operatorio, la pérdida de sangre intraoperatoria y la exposición a la radiación.

Abstract Introduction: Understanding and treating deformities, defects and complex fractures remains a challenge in the area of orthopedics and traumatology. 3D printing models are used for diagnostics, surgical planning, the manufacturing of intraoperative guides and implants, and surgical training. The objective of our work was to report on a series of cases where 3D printing was implemented in our service and to carry out a narrative review. The case series includes two acetabular fractures, two idiopathic scoliosis, a complex tibial pilon fracture, and a talar fracture. 3D printing models were used for surgery planning, which benefited both the patient and the surgical team. Conclusions: With the rise of 3D printing in orthopedics and traumatology, we are able to better understand fractures and complex deformities, as well as improve preoperative planning. The model’s production timelines may be delayed, limiting its usefulness in an emergency. There are yet insufficient studies that report substantial benefits to the patient and medical team, such as reduced surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, and radiation exposure.