RESUMO O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a secagem da polpa de trapiá com a adição de aditivos de secagem, determinando a cinética de secagem e as propriedades termodinâmicas das amostras. Foram elaboradas formulações a partir da polpa e os aditivos monoglicerídeos, carboximetilcelulose - CMC e goma guar em diferentes combinações e concentrações (F1 - 0,5% de CMC e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos; F2 - 0,5% de Goma Guar e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos; e F3 - 0,25% de Goma Guar, 0,5% de CMC e 0,5% de Monoglicerídeos). A secagem foi realizada a 50, 60 e 70 ºC com camadas de 0,5 cm de espessura. A cinética de secagem foi determinada e diferentes modelos matemáticos foram ajustados aos dados. O modelo Midilli foi o que melhor representou a cinética de secagem, com coeficientes de determinação ≥ 0,9985. As difusividades efetivas aumentaram com o aumento da temperatura, com magnitudes da ordem de 10-10 m2 s-1. As variações de entalpia (ΔH) diminuíram com o aumento da temperatura e foram positivas. As variações de entropia (ΔS) foram negativas e inversamente proporcionais à temperatura. A variação da energia livre de Gibbs (ΔG) foi positiva e aumentou com o aumento da temperatura. amostras monoglicerídeos F1 F (F 05 0 5 Monoglicerídeos 025 25 0,25 Monoglicerídeos. . Monoglicerídeos) 50 6 7 0, espessura dados 09985 9985 0,9985 1010 10 10-1 m s1. s1 s 1. 1 s-1 ΔH (ΔH positivas ΔS (ΔS ΔG (ΔG 02 2 0,2 0998 998 0,998 101 10- s- 099 99 0,99 09 9 0,9

ABSTRACT The objective of the research was to study the drying of trapiá pulp with the addition of drying aids, determining the drying kinetics and thermodynamic properties of the samples. Formulations of the pulp was treated with the additives monoglycerides, carboxymethylcellulose - CMC and guar gum in different combinations and concentrations (F1 - 0.5% CMC and 0.5% Monoglycerides; F2 - 0.5% Guar Gum and 0.5% Monoglycerides; and F3 - 0.25% Guar Gum, 0.5% CMC and 0.5% Monoglycerides) trapiá. Drying was carried out at 50, 60 and 70 ºC with 0.5 cm thick layers. The drying kinetics were determined, and different mathematical models fitted to the data. The Midilli model best represented the drying kinetics, with determination coefficients ≥ 0.9985. The effective diffusivities increased with increase in temperature with magnitudes to the order of 10-10 m2 s-1. The enthalpy variations (ΔH) reduced with increase in temperature and were positive. The entropy variations (ΔS) were negative and inversely proportional to the temperature. The variation in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) was positive and increased with increase in temperature. aids samples monoglycerides F1 F (F 05 0 5 Monoglycerides 025 25 0.25 50 6 7 0. layers determined data 09985 9985 0.9985 1010 10 10-1 m s1. s1 s 1. 1 s-1 ΔH (ΔH ΔS (ΔS ΔG (ΔG 02 2 0.2 0998 998 0.998 101 10- s- 099 99 0.99 09 9 0.9

Abstract Nanocomposite films from cellulose jute fibers can be promising for application in electronic devices, mainly when silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are added, which increases their conductivity. This work studied the transmittance, conductivity, and thermal stability of regenerated cellulose films (RCF) by adding AgNPs and plasticizers. Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), sorbitol, and glycerol plasticizers were incorporated at 15 wt.% and 0.5 wt.% of AgNPs. The resulting materials were studied using Ultraviolet-visible and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, electrical analysis using the Van der Pauw method, and thermogravimetry. As a result, an average size of 9 nm for AgNPs was verified. Incorporating AgNP in the films decreased the transmittance by a minimum of 34% compared to pure RCF and reduced thermal stability by at least 10 ºC. Nanocomposites containing plasticizers showed an improved conductivity after incorporating these components, from 10-2 to 10-1 (S/cm). devices (AgNPs added (RCF CMC, CMC , (CMC) sorbitol 1 wt wt. 05 0 5 0. Ultravioletvisible Ultraviolet visible Spectroscopy method thermogravimetry result verified 34 ºC components 102 2 10- 101 S/cm. Scm S/cm . S cm (S/cm) (CMC 3 (S/cm

Abstract This study aimed to develop a pyriproxyfen-based Rumino-Reticulum Device (RRD) consisting of films of poly(vinyl)alcohol (PVA) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to control the horn fly in cattle, one of the major pests of livestock. Films were obtained by the solvent casting method by PVA/NaCMC crosslinking and presented satisfactory homogeneity, drug content (104.8%) and pH (6.5), besides great absorptive capacity with swelling degree of 331.40% after 1 hour and diffusion-controlled release kinetics (Higuchi). FTIR and SEM analyzes clarify the characteristic bands of PVA, NaCMC and pyriproxyfen. The XRD and thermal analysis shows an increase in crystallinity due to pyriproxyfen (Xc:36.59%) and the active delivery alters the chain packing (Tg:74ºC). The pyriproxyfen-based RRD developed, in addition to fulfilling the characteristics of prolonged release, allows it to be rolled up (compressed form) facilitating swallowing and subsequent conversion to an expanded form that is retained in the rumen throughout the treatment period. pyriproxyfenbased based RuminoReticulum Rumino Reticulum (RRD polyvinylalcohol poly vinyl alcohol PVA (PVA (NaCMC cattle livestock PVANaCMC homogeneity 104.8% 1048 104 8 (104.8% 6.5, 65 6.5 , 6 5 (6.5) 33140 331 40 331.40 diffusioncontrolled diffusion controlled Higuchi. Higuchi . (Higuchi) Xc36.59% Xc3659 Xc 36.59% 36 59 (Xc:36.59% Tg74ºC. Tg74ºC TgºC Tg 74ºC ºC (Tg:74ºC) developed compressed period 104.8 10 (104.8 6. (6.5 3314 33 4 331.4 (Higuchi Xc36 Xc36.59 Xc365 3659 36.59 3 (Xc:36.59 (Tg:74ºC 104. (104. (6. 331. Xc3 Xc36.5 365 36.5 (Xc:36.5 (104 (6 Xc36. 36. (Xc:36. (10 ( (Xc:36 (1 (Xc:3 (Xc: (Xc

Abstract Candida albicans is the main fungus responsible for acute and recurrent vaginal infections. Low adherence to treatment is due to dosing frequency and available topical medications. Thus, we developed mucoadhesive tablets based on Schinopsis brasiliensis Engler extract composed of Carboxymethylcellulose (F1), Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (F2), or Pluronic (F3), against C. albicans . The extract metabolites determination showed presence of polyphenols (15 μg.mg-1), flavonoids (5.51 μg.mg-1), and tannins (4.80 μg.mg-1). The in vitro antifungal activity was performed by broth microdilution method. Quality control tests were performed according international pharmacopeias. Regarding the mucoadhesion test, in terms of the force expressed between the tablet:mucin disc, the average values were approximately 0.1267 N (F1), 0.0411 N (F2) and 0.814 N (F3), while in the tablet:vaginal mucosa, the average values were approximately 0.0294 N (F1), 0.0166 N (F2) and 0.0365 N (F3). The dry extract showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 62.5 μg.mL-1. In evaluating the in vitro release of tablets, polymers derived from cellulose released 100% in less than 4 hours, while Pluronic released around 56.3% in 72 hours. It is concluded that F1 has greater mucoadhesion while F3 has a modified release rate, providing promising results for future application of the formulation in the clinical assay. infections medications Thus F1, F , (F1) F2, F2 F3, (F3) C 15 (1 μg.mg1, μgmg1 μgmg μg.mg 1 μg mg μg.mg-1) 5.51 551 5 51 (5.5 4.80 480 80 (4.8 μg.mg1. method pharmacopeias test tabletmucin tablet mucin disc 01267 0 1267 0.126 00411 0411 0.041 (F2 0814 814 0.81 tabletvaginal mucosa 00294 0294 0.029 00166 0166 0.016 00365 0365 0.036 F3. 625 62 62. μg.mL1. μgmL1 μgmL μg.mL 1. mL μg.mL-1 100 hours 563 56 3 56.3 7 rate assay (F1 (F3 ( mg1 μg.mg1 μg.mg-1 5.5 55 (5. 4.8 48 8 (4. 0126 126 0.12 0041 041 0.04 (F 081 81 0.8 0029 029 0.02 0016 016 0.01 0036 036 0.03 6 mL1 μg.mL1 μg.mL- 10 56. μg.mg- 5. (5 4. (4 012 12 0.1 004 04 0.0 08 0. 002 02 001 01 003 03 00

ABSTRACT Purpose: Bacterial cellulose (BC) has shown high capacity for the treatment of wounds and burns, providing a moisty environment. Calcium alginate can be associated with BC to create gels that aid in wound debridement and contribute to appropriate wound healing. This study is aimed at characterizing and evaluating the use of bacterial cellulose/alginate gel in skin burns in rats. Methods: Cellulose and cellulose/alginate gels were compared regarding the capacity of liquid absorption, moisture, viscosity, and potential cytotoxicity. The 2nd degree burns were produced using an aluminum metal plate (2.0cm) at 120ºC for 20s on the back of rats. The animals were divided into non-treated, CMC(Carboxymethylcellulose), Cellulose(CMC with bacterial cellulose), and Cellulose/alginate(CMC with bacterial cellulose and alginate). The animals received topical treatment 3 times/week. Biochemical (MPO, NAG and oxidative stress), histomorphometry and immunohistochemical assays (IL-1β IL-10 and VEGF) were conducted on the 14th, 21st, 28th, and 35th days. Results: Cellulose/Alginate gel showed higher absorption capacity and viscosity compared to Cellulose gel, with no cytotoxic effects. Cellulose/alginate presented lower MPO values, a higher percentage of IL-10, with greater and balanced oxidative stress profile. Conclusions: The use of cellulose/alginate gel reduced neutrophils and macrophage activation and showed greater anti-inflammatory response, which can contribute to healing chronic wounds and burns. Purpose (BC environment cellulosealginate rats Methods moisture cytotoxicity nd 2.0cm 20cm cm 2 0cm (2.0cm ºC s nontreated, nontreated non treated, treated non-treated CMCCarboxymethylcellulose, CMCCarboxymethylcellulose CMC Carboxymethylcellulose , CMC(Carboxymethylcellulose) CelluloseCMC cellulose, cellulose) Cellulose/alginateCMC CellulosealginateCMC alginate. . alginate) timesweek times week times/week MPO, (MPO stress, stress) IL1β ILβ IL 1β β IL10 10 IL-1 VEGF 14th th 21st st 28th days Results CelluloseAlginate Alginate effects Cellulosealginate values IL10, 10, profile Conclusions antiinflammatory anti inflammatory response CMC(Carboxymethylcellulose alginateCMC IL1 1 IL-

ABSTRACT Background: The ever-growing awareness of environmental problems has led to the implementing of ecological alternatives in industrial production. Cellulases and hemicellulases are the most widely used enzymes in industry, guaranteeing the efficiency of production, with a reduction in chemicals that pollute the environment. Aim. To select Bacillus spp. strains that produce cellulases, β-mannanases, and xylanases for use in animal feed. Materials and methods: Overall, ten strains were studied in plates with minimum medium supplemented with Beech Xylan, locust vean gum, and carboxymethylcellulose for the production of xylanases, β-mannanases, and endo cellulases, respectively. The plates were incubated at 37 ºC for 24 hours and were coated with 0.5% Congo red solution. The diameter of the hydrolysis area, and that of the colony, were determined to calculate the potency index. Results: All the strains showed the capacity to produce the studied enzymes. As a result, 23.3% of enzymatic activity was considered good. Bacillus subtilis E-44 was the strain with the best enzymatic activity on the three evaluated substrates (3.01 ± 1.18; 3.82 ± 0.31, and 4.22 ± 0.23) for cellulases, β-mannanases, and xylanases, respectively. Conclusions: Bacillus subtilis E-44 was selected as the best cellulase and hemicellulase-producing strain, increasing their possibilities in animal nutrition and the food industry.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: El incremento de la conciencia sobre los problemas medioambientales ha conducido a la implementación de alternativas ecológicas en la producción industrial. Las celulasas y las hemicelulasas son las enzimas más empleadas a nivel industrial; su uso garantiza la eficacia de los procesos productivos con la disminución en el empleo de sustancias químicas que contaminan el medio ambiente. Objetivo: Seleccionar cepas de Bacillus spp. productoras de celulasas, β-mananasas y xilanasas para su utilización en la alimentación animal. Materiales y métodos: Se estudiaron diez cepas las cuales se inocularon en placas con medio mínimo suplementado con xilano de haya, goma de algarrobo y carboximetilcelulosa para la producción de xilanasas, β-mananasas y endocelulasas respectivamente. Las placas se incubaron a 37 ºC durante 24 horas y se cubrieron con una disolución de rojo congo al 0,5%. Se determinó el diámetro de la zona de hidrólisis y el de la colonia para calcular el índice de potencia. Resultados: De las cepas evaluadas todas mostraron la capacidad de producir las enzimas en estudio. El 23,3% de las actividades enzimáticas estudiadas se consideró como buena. Bacillus subtilis E-44 resultó como la cepa que manifestó la mejor actividad enzimática en los tres sustratos evaluados con índices de potencia de 3,01 ± 1,18; 3,82 ± 0,31 y 4,22 ± 0,23 para celulasas, β-mananasas y xilanasas respectivamente. Conclusiones: Bacillus subtilis E-44 se seleccionó como la mejor cepa en la producción de celulasas y hemicelulasas, lo que incrementa las potencialidades de su uso en la alimentación animal y en la industria de los alimentos.

Infections in fruits caused by fungi reduce the quantity and quality of food for human consumption, in addition to causing economic losses. In this sense, this study aimed to address the effects of eugenol nanocapsules (NCs) based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose in protecting nectarines against Monilinia fructicola, a brown rot agent, a worldwide important disease. NCs were prepared by layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly starting from an anionic template and deposition with up to two polymeric layers. The hydrodynamic diameters ranged from 158 nm (nanoemulsion), 360 nm (one polymeric layer) to 398 nm (two polymeric layers). NCs presented, during the in vitro release, the release of eugenol following a first order process. In addition to being in the region of stability (zeta potential ca. |30| mV), the capsules showed good adhesion to the nectarine surface. In relation to brown rot, the eugenol NCs with chitosan proved to be the best formulation compared to nanoemulsion and NCs with two polymeric layers for its control, increasing the probability that the fruits remain without symptoms, even after 7 days. Therefore, this study demonstrated that chitosan NCs containing eugenol could be an alternative to preserve fruit for longer periods in post-harvest. consumption losses sense (NCs fructicola agent disease layerbylayer layer LbL (LbL selfassembly self assembly 15 nanoemulsion, , (nanoemulsion) 36 one 39 . layers) presented process zeta ca 30 |30 mV, mV mV) surface control symptoms days Therefore postharvest. postharvest post harvest. harvest post-harvest 1 (nanoemulsion 3 |3 |

Hydrogels based on polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose and silica are composites with good absorption and release properties over time, and this behavior allow their application in several areas. Thus, the aim of study was to analyze the absorption kinetic, spectroscopic, morphological, and structural properties of hydrogels prepared using different silica concentrations (0, 0.5, and 2.5%). The results showed that the swelling degree reduces with increasing silica, i.e., there was increase in crosslinking density, which was confirmed by SEM images. The reductions in the swelling degrees at equilibrium were 26.19% (0.50% silica) and 22.02% (2.5% silica) when compared to PAAm+CMC hydrogel. FTIR spectra showed characteristic spectroscopic bands of silica between 1384 and 1120 cm-1 indicating that its incorporation into the hydrogel matrix has occurred, which was also observed in the XRD diffractograms. Thus, the study of biodegradable hybrid hydrogels is relevant because they can potentially be applied in areas such as agriculture, tissue engineering and even civil construction. polyacrylamide time Thus kinetic morphological 0, 0 (0 05 5 0.5 2.5%. 25 2.5% . 2 2.5%) ie i e i.e. density images 2619 26 19 26.19 0.50% 050 50 (0.50 2202 22 02 22.02 (2.5 PAAmCMC PAAm CMC 138 112 cm1 cm 1 cm- occurred diffractograms agriculture construction ( 0. 2.5 i.e 261 26.1 0.50 (0.5 220 22.0 (2. 13 11 2. 26. (0. 22. (2

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the ability of a combination dental pulp mesenchymal stem cell secretome (DPMSCS), robusta green coffee bean extract (RGCBE), and Carboxymethylcellulose-Natrium (CMC-Na) in a Wistar rats model of traumatic ulcers. Material and Methods: Twenty-eight young, male, healthy Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into seven groups randomly: Group K0, group K1-3 (traumatic ulcer rats that received CMC-Na gel for three days), group K1-7 (traumatic ulcer rats that received CMC-Na gel for seven days), group K2-3 (traumatic ulcer rats that received RGCBE for three days), group K2-7 (traumatic ulcer rats that received RGCBE for seven days), group K3-3 (traumatic ulcer rats that received DPMSCS for three days), and group K3-7 (traumatic ulcer rats that received DPMSCS for seven days). An ulcer was made with an amalgam stopper on the right buccal mucosa of the rats. DPMSCS 50% gel was applied to the ulcer on the left buccal mucosa. The ulcer diameter was measured on day 3 and day 7. Results: There was a significant difference in the diameter of the ulcer, the number of neutrophils, and fibroblasts in the treatment group compared to the control group on day 7. Conclusion: A combination of DPMSCS and RGCBE 50% accelerates traumatic ulcer wound healing by lowering ulcer diameter, decreasing neutrophil counts, and increasing fibroblast proliferation in vivo. Objective DPMSCS, , (DPMSCS) RGCBE, (RGCBE) CarboxymethylcelluloseNatrium Carboxymethylcellulose Natrium CMCNa CMC Na (CMC-Na ulcers Methods Twentyeight Twenty eight young male Rattus norvegicus randomly K0 K K13 K1 K1- days, days days) K17 7 K23 K2 K2- K27 K33 K3 K3- K37 days. . 50 Results neutrophils Conclusion counts vivo (DPMSCS (RGCBE 5

High water consumption during irrigation is one of the main problems in agriculture. The preparation of a material that prolongs the water retention capacity of the soil is important. This article aimed to prepare superabsorbent hydrogels by the complexation of chitosan (CHI), with high degree of deacetylation (DD), and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), with high degree of substitution (SD). Different parameters (concentration and polymeric solutions addition order, polysaccharides’ ratio, pH) were studied. Morphology, thermal stability, chemical composition, mechanical strength, and swelling kinetics of hydrogels in water were evaluated. A hydrogel formation mechanism was discussed and proposed. Results showed that most samples prepared at acid pH disintegrated during swelling test. The morphology of the hydrogels varied with the pH. It was obtained superabsorbent hydrogels (swelling > 400%) based on CMC (SD = 2.23) and CHI (DD = 92%), at basic pH, with good compression strength, and applicable as soil conditioner. The best sample was the one prepared with CMC:CHI = 1:2, polymeric solutions 1.5% m/v and pH 8. agriculture important CHI, , (CHI) DD, DD (DD) CMC, (CMC) SD. SD . (SD) concentration order polysaccharides ratio studied Morphology stability composition strength evaluated proposed test 400% 400 2.23 223 2 23 92%, 92 92% 92%) conditioner CMCCHI 12, 12 1 2, 1:2 15 5 1.5 mv m v 8 (CHI (CMC 40 2.2 22 9 1: 1. 4 2.

ABSTRACT Purpose: To conduct a systematic review of nanoparticles’ use in the treatment of prostate cancer in animals. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), Cochrane Library, and EMBASE, and the descriptors were chosen based on terms indexed in Health Sciences Descriptors (DeCS)/Medical Subject Headings (MESH), which are: nanoparticles, nanomedicine, and prostate cancer. The systematic review protocol was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with ID CRD42021271008. Results: A total of 3,897 articles was chosen; after reading the inclusion and exclusion criteria, six scientific articles with themes involving nanoparticles carrying medications were reached. Among the nanoparticles found, there were carboxymethylcellulose polymer, micellar casein nanoparticles, liquid crystal nanoparticles, serum albumin nanoparticles, and poly(ethylene glycol)-block-polylactide (mPEG-PLA) conjugated nanoparticles encapsulating cabazitaxel, docetaxel, and flutamide, which were nanoparticles used to treat prostate cancer in animals. Conclusions: Through using nanoparticles to encapsulate medications for treating prostate cancer in animals, studies show a decrease in weight and tumor reduction, with nanoparticles resulting in greater survival time than free medications. The improved permeability and retention effect of nanoparticles in the bloodstream contribute to their effectiveness. Purpose animals Methods PubMed SciELO, SciELO , (SciELO) LILACS, LILACS (LILACS) EMBASE DeCS/Medical DeCSMedical DeCS /Medical Medical MESH, MESH (MESH) are nanomedicine PROSPERO (PROSPERO CRD42021271008 CRD Results 3897 3 897 3,89 criteria reached found polymer polyethylene poly ethylene glycolblockpolylactide glycol block polylactide mPEGPLA mPEG PLA (mPEG-PLA cabazitaxel docetaxel flutamide Conclusions reduction effectiveness (SciELO (LILACS (MESH CRD4202127100 389 89 3,8 CRD420212710 38 8 3, CRD42021271 CRD4202127 CRD420212 CRD42021 CRD4202 CRD420 CRD42 CRD4

ABSTRACT Purpose: Laparoscopic hernia repair involves a risk of adhesion between coated mesh and viscera. Plant polysaccharides such as starch and carboxymethylcellulose (SC) make up a product that acts as a barrier and prevents intraperitoneal adhesions. This study aimed to evaluate whether topical SC can also reduce adhesions between mesh and intra-abdominal organs. Methods: Forty rats each received placement of two intraperitoneal mesh fragments, one on each side of the abdominal wall. Randomly, 20 animals received SC on the right and other 20 on the left, leaving the contralateral side as a control. Fourteen days after the surgery, the animals underwent an additional laparotomy in which macroscopic analysis was performed. Results: As for the percentage of the mesh area affected by adhesion, one (2.6%) animal had > 75% adhesion on the experimental side, and 11 animals (28.9%) on the control side. The adhesion intensity score showed firm adhesions in three (7.9%) animals on the experimental side and nine (23.7%) on the control side. Conclusions: The use of SC decreased the intensity of adhesions and the surface area of the mesh affected by adhesions. There was no negative interference of the product in the incorporation of the mesh into the abdominal wall. Purpose viscera (SC intraabdominal intra organs Methods fragments wall Randomly 2 left surgery performed Results 2.6% 26 6 (2.6% 75 1 28.9% 289 28 9 (28.9% 7.9% 79 7 (7.9% 23.7% 237 23 (23.7% Conclusions 2.6 (2.6 28.9 (28.9 7.9 (7.9 23.7 (23.7 2. (2. 28. (28. 7. (7. 23. (23. (2 (28 (7 (23 (

Abstract Propolis is a resinous product collected by honeybees with a complex chemical composition. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose is a polymer commonly used in wound care. The goal of the present work was to produce and characterize NaCMC membranes loaded with extract of Brazilian brown propolis (CMC-P). Flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in the propolis extracts, where the main identified substance was kaempferide. The brown propolis extracted was active against S. aureus. The low swelling capacity and high gel fraction of CMC-P would be the consequence of propolis (responsible for a hydrophobic barrier) filling the pores of the membrane. Propolis could be anchoring the NaCMC chains (as observed by FTIR) due to interaction between components, which is corroborated by the CMC-P sample degrading less than the CMC sample (>400ºC). There was non-linear diffusion release kinetics for most phenolic substances of the propolis extract. The CMC-P sample presents potential as a dressing material. composition care CMCP. CMCP P . (CMC-P) extracts kaempferide S aureus responsible barrier membrane FTIR components >400ºC. 400ºC ºC >400ºC (>400ºC) nonlinear non linear material (CMC-P (>400ºC

RESUMO A acerola e o jambolão são frutos com diversos compostos bioativos de origem fenólica e a composição de um produto elaborado com essas duas matérias-primas se afigura como um alimento com elevado potencial antioxidante e nutracêutico. Diante disso, este estudo foi realizado com o objetivo de avaliar a secagem em camada de espuma da polpa mista de jambolão e acerola. Foram elaboradas formulações com a polpa mista, contendo 1,0% de albumina com 0,5% de goma xantana (F1), 0,5% de carboximetilcelulose - CMC (F2) e 0,5% de goma guar (F3), desidratadas a 50, 60, 70 e 80 °C, com espessura da camada de espuma de 0,5 cm. A elevação da temperatura de secagem diminuiu o teor de água e tempo de desidratação das amostras. Os menores tempos de secagem foram obtidos na formulação F3; todos os modelos de secagem resultaram em bons ajustes, com destaque para Midilli. A maior difusividade efetiva foi obtida na formulação F3; a energia de ativação foi maior na combinação da F1. As amostras com albumina-guar (F3) apresentaram maiores entalpia e entropia e as com albumina-xantana (F1) as maiores energias livres de Gibbs. A secagem em camada de espuma é uma forma eficiente de conservação da polpa mista de jambolão e acerola.

ABSTRACT Acerola and jambolan are fruits with several bioactive compounds of phenolic origin and a product made with these two raw materials appears to be a food with high antioxidant and nutraceutical potential. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the foam mat drying of the mixed pulp of jambolan and acerola. Mixed pulp formulations, containing 1.0% albumin with 0.5% xanthan gum (F1), 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (F2) and 0.5% guar gum (F3), were dehydrated at 50, 60, 70 and 80 °C, with foam mat thickness of 0.5 cm. The elevation of the drying temperature decreased the water content and dehydration time of the samples. Formulation F3 obtained the shortest drying times; all drying models resulted in good adjustments, especially Midilli. Formulation F3 obtained greater effective diffusivity; the activation energy was higher in the F1 combination. The samples with albumin-guar (F3) showed greater enthalpy and entropy and samples with albumin-xanthan gum (F1) showed the highest Gibbs free energy. Foam mat drying is an efficient way of preserving the jambolan and acerola mixed pulp.

Resumo As argamassas são compósitos heterogêneos cujo ganho de resistência ocorre por meio de uma sucessão de reações químicas entre a água e o cimento Portland. Nesse sentido, polímeros hidrofílicos capazes de absorver água e liberá-la posteriormente vêm sendo desenvolvidos para melhorar as propriedades das argamassas. Assim, hidrogel à base de poliacrilamida, carboximetilcelulose e nanoargila foi sintetizado e aplicado em argamassas cimentícias preparadas com diferentes relações água/cimento (a/c = 0,40, 0,48 e 0,50). A sua aplicação nas argamassas reduziu o índice de consistência e a taxa de exsudação, e não ocasionou variação na densidade no estado endurecido destas. Já os índices de absorção de água das argamassas com hidrogel com a/c= 0,40 e 0,50 reduziram cerca de 6,1% e 6,7%, respectivamente. Esse mesmo comportamento também foi observado para a resistência à compressão. Em suma, o desenvolvimento e aplicação de hidrogéis capazes de absorver e liberar água é uma área bastante promissora para a construção civil.

Abstract Mortars are heterogeneous composites that gain strength through a succession of chemical reactions between water and Portland cement. In this sense, hydrophilic polymers that can absorb water and release it later have been developed to improve their properties. Thus, a hydrogel-based on polyacrylamide, carboxymethylcellulose and nanoclay was synthesized and applied in cement mortars prepared with different water/cement (w/c) ratios (0.40, 0.48, and 0.50). Its application in mortars reduced the consistency index and the exudation rate and did not cause variation in density in the hardened state. The water absorption rate of mortars with hydrogel with w/c= 0.40 and 0.50 reduced ~6.1% and 6.7%, respectively. This same behavior was also observed for compressive strength. In summary, the development and application of hydrogels capable of absorbing and releasing water is a very promising area for civil construction.