RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi obter informações sobre a morfologia externa e interna do canal alimentar da principal praga das brássicas, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), quando exposta a uma formulação microencapsulada do extrato da semente de Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae). A toxicidade da formulação microencapsulada das lagartas alimentadas por 12, 24 e 48 horas mais o controle foi avaliada para verificar alterações morfológicas externas e internas causadas pelo extrato que possam ter causado a morte das lagartas. Após os ensaios, o canal alimentar das lagartas foi dissecado, fixado, desidratado, bloqueado, cortado e colorido. Em seguida, lâminas histológicas foram produzidas e estudadas em microscopia óptica e microscopia de varredura (MEV). A formulação microencapsulada de A. muricata, causou danos irreversíveis ao canal alimentar de P. xylostella, com desorganização, estratificação celular e modificações na morfologia das células consideradas essenciais para a sobrevivência. Na análise por MEV, verificou-se que a membrana peritrófica e a camada muscular permaneceram intactas durante todos os ensaios. Os efeitos foram mais graves com mais horas de exposição. Esses resultados demonstraram que após contato por ingestão, o inseto morre por intoxicação e desorganização celular, inibindo sua capacidade de continuar se alimentando. RESUMO brássicas L Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Plutellidae, Plutellidae , Plutellidae) Annonaceae. Annonaceae . (Annonaceae) 12 2 4 ensaios dissecado fixado desidratado bloqueado colorido seguida MEV. MEV (MEV) P sobrevivência verificouse verificou exposição ingestão alimentando (Annonaceae 1 (MEV

ABSTRACT: This study obtained information about the external and internal morphology of the alimentary canal of the main pest of brassica, Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), when it is exposed to a microencapsulated formulation of the seed extract of Annona muricata L. (Annonaceae). The toxicity of the microencapsulated formulation of the caterpillars fed for 12, 24, and 48 hours plus the control was evaluated to verify and evaluate external and internal morphological changes caused by the extract that may have killed the caterpillars. After the assays, the alimentary canal of the caterpillars was dissected, fixed, dehydrated, blocked, cut, and colored. Then, histological slides were produced and studied under light microscopy and scanning microscopy (SEM). The microencapsulated formulation of A. muricata caused irreversible damage to the alimentary canal of P. xylostella, with disorganization, cell stratification, and modifications in the morphology of the cells considered essential for survival. SEM verified that the peritrophic membrane and the muscular layer remained intact during all the assays. The effects were more severe with more hours of exposure. These results demonstrated that after contact by ingestion, the insect dies due to intoxication and cellular disorganization, inhibiting its ability to continue feeding. ABSTRACT brassica L Lepidoptera (Lepidoptera Plutellidae, Plutellidae , Plutellidae) Annonaceae. Annonaceae . (Annonaceae) 12 24 4 assays dissected fixed dehydrated blocked cut colored Then SEM. (SEM) A P disorganization stratification survival exposure ingestion feeding (Annonaceae 1 2 (SEM

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the surface defects in Wave One Gold and Jizai rotary files after 1 and 3 uses. Material and Methods: Ninety-six resin blocks with stimulated canals and 12 files per system were used. The files were pre-examined under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to exclude files with pre-existing cracks and craters. Instrumentation and SEM evaluation of the files were performed after 1 and 3 uses, respectively. Two independent operators analyzed the images, and scoring was carried out for each file's coronal, middle, and apical thirds. The surface defects at different thirds of the file systems were analyzed using the Chi-Square test and Kendel Tau’s test. Results: After one use, both the file systems did not produce any significant surface defects in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. However, after three uses, there was minor plastic deformation in the coronal and middle thirds of the Wave One Gold file system. Jizai file system did not produce any surface defects in the coronal, middle, and apical thirds. Conclusion: After one use, no surface defects were created in Wave One gold and Jizai rotary files. Wave One Gold exhibited more significant surface defects after three uses in the coronal and middle thirds. Objective Methods Ninetysix Ninety six used preexamined pre examined (SEM preexisting existing craters respectively images s ChiSquare Chi Square Taus Tau Results use However Conclusion

RESUMEN En dos experimentos se evaluó la adición de AminoGut (AG). En el Experimento 1, se utilizaron 300 pollos Ross 308 en 5 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones de 20 pollos cada una. En el Experimento 2, se emplearon 640 pollos en 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones de 32 pollos cada una. Los tratamientos del Exp. 1: T1.- Dieta testigo sorgo + pasta de soya, T2.- Como 1 + 700 ppm de la mezcla de AG/ ton, T3.- Como 1 + 1400 ppm de AG/ ton, T4.- Como 1 + 2100 ppm de AG/ ton, T5.- Como 1 + 2800 ppm de AG/ ton. En el Exp. 2 se eliminó el tratamiento 5. En el Experimento 1, hubo efecto (P<0.05) en comportamiento productivo y peso de la canal, con 700 ppm de AG. En el Experimento 2, mejoró la altura de vellosidades intestinales e hipersensibilidad tardía (P<0.05) con 700 ppm de AG, así como el rendimiento en canal a los 42 días. Se puede concluir que la adición de 700 ppm de AminoGut en dietas para pollos de 1 a 21 días de edad, incrementó los parámetros productivos, longitud de las vellosidades, rendimiento en canal y respuesta inmune.

Abstract In two experiments, the addition of AminoGut (AG) was evaluated. In Experiment 1, 300 Ross 308 broilers were used in five treatments with three repetitions of 20 broilers each. In Experiment 2, 640 broilers were used in four treatments with five repetitions of 32 broilers each. Exp. 1 treatments: T1.- Control diet sorghum + soybean meal, T2.- As 1 + 700 ppm of the mixture of AG/ ton, T3.- As 1 + 1400 ppm of AG/ ton, T4.- As 1 + 2100 ppm of AG/ ton, T5.- As 1 + 2800 ppm of AG/ ton. In Exp. 2, treatment 5 was eliminated. In Experiment 1, there was an effect (P<0.05) on performance and carcass weight, with 700 ppm of AG. In Experiment 2, the height of intestinal villi and late hypersensitivity (P<0.05) improved with 700 ppm of AG, as well as carcass yield at 42 days. It can be concluded that the addition of 700 ppm of AminoGut in diets in broilers from 1 to 21 days of age, increased the performance, villus length, carcass yield and immune response.

Resumen El objetivo del trabajo es analizar: 1) el discurso unificado que pretendía construir la JCR entre sus militantes y la sociedad latinoamericana, desde su documentación interna y pública, y así describir un imaginario de la izquierda armada regional durante los años 70; 2) aquel que querían elaborar los organismos de inteligencia de la región y Estados Unidos de la JCR, en orden de sobredimensionar su peligro y crear una alarma general para los gobiernos militares. La hipótesis a demostrar es que la intención de unidad latinoamericana por parte de la JCR y contra ella por parte de las organizaciones adversarias antes descritas, no se expresó solo mediante acciones conjuntas encaminadas a ello, sino también a través de un discurso homogeneizador que hacía de la propaganda un canal de transmisión de pensamiento fundamental para el objetivo de la revolución o la contrarrevolución, según sea el caso. El trabajo se propone contribuir al estudio de una organización conjunta que desde un ámbito académico no se ha estudiado profusamente, más allá del aporte de algunos casos particulares. De este modo, obtendremos las características de esta coordinadora, tanto desde un punto de vista interno, como también de uno externo. El discurso se mostrará así como ángulo de comprensión de la dinámica represiva de la región.

Abstract The objective of the work is to analyze: 1) the unified discourse that the JCR intended to build among its militants and Latin American society, from its internal and public documentation, and thus describe an imaginary of the regional armed left during the '70s. 2) the unified discourse that the intelligence organizations of the region and the United States of the JCR tried to build, in order to overestimate their danger and create a general alarm for the military governments. The hypothesis to be demonstrated is that the intention of Latin American unity on the part of the JCR and against it on the part of the adversary organizations described above, was not expressed only through joint actions aimed at it, but also through a homogenizing discourse that made propaganda a channel for the transmission of fundamental thought for the objective of the revolution or the counterrevolution, as the case may be. The work intends to contribute to the study of a joint organization that from an academic field has not been studied extensively, beyond the contribution of some particular cases. In this way, we will obtain the characteristics of this coordinator both from an internal point of view and also from an external one. The speech will thus be shown as an angle of understanding of the repressive dynamics of the region. It is in this sense that we will try to make a contribution.

Abstract One of the main aims of a root-canal treatment is to disinfect the root-canal system through mechanical instrumentation and cleaning by endodontic disinfection solutions. The most common endodontic disinfection solution used has been the sodium hypochlorite. However, it has been reported some important biological adverse effects and risks related to it, so it is necessary to propose and evaluate alternatives to be used as an endodontic disinfection solution. Hyperosmotic solution based on sodium chloride and potassium sorbate previously has been shown an adequate antimicrobial effect against endodontic microorganisms in planktonic and biofilm forms. This study evaluated the genotoxicity of a hyperosmotic solution proposed as an endodontic disinfection solution. Human fibroblast cells were seeded and incubated into well-culture plates and exposed to the hyperosmotic solution (30% and 100%) and compared to NaClO 1%, after cells were cultured, an evaluation was performed by Micronucleus, Tunel and Mitotracker assays. Based on results, the hyperosmotic solution is a safe potential endodontic disinfection solution or adjuvant for root canal system disinfection.

Resumen Uno de los principales objetivos del tratamiento de conductos es la adecuada desinfección del sistema de conductos radiculares mediante la instrumentación mecánica en combinación con soluciones desinfectantes para eliminar las bacterias y prevenir la reinfección. La solución irrigante/ desinfectante endodóntica más utilizada es el hipoclorito de sodio, del cual se han reportado efectos adversos biológicos importantes y riesgos relacionados, por lo que es necesario proponer y evaluar alternativas para ser utilizadas como soluciones irrigantes/desinfectantes. La solución hiperosmótica a base de cloruro de sodio y sorbato de potasio ha demostrado tener un efecto antimicrobiano adecuado contra los microorganismos patógenos endodónticos, tanto en forma planctónica y en biopelícula. El presente estudio evaluó la genotoxicidad de una solución hiperosmótica empleada como solución de desinfección endodóntica. Se cultivaron células de fibroblastos humanos en placas de cultivo y se expusieron a la solución hiperosmótica (30% / 100%) y se compararon con NaClO (1%); después de la exposición a las soluciones se realizó una evaluación mediante ensayo Micronucleo, Tunel y Mitotracker. De acuerdo a los resultados, la solución hiperosmótica es una solución de irrigación endodóntica segura o un adyuvante para la desinfección del sistema de conductos radiculares.

Abstract This study is aimed to evaluate the compatibility of single-cone filling technique in reciprocal and rotationally formed canals in using Micro-CT (Micro-computed tomography). The samples were split into two groups according to the kinematics system used. In both groups, one canal of the shaped roots was filled with the lateral compaction and the other one with a matched single-cone technique with a bioceramic root canal sealer, BioRoot RCS. The percentage of voids in the canal were evaluated by micro-CT radiograph before and after obturation. Regardless of the kinematics used, the single-cone technique left significantly fewer voids than the lateral compaction. In the kinematics comparison, the group shaped with the reciprocal system and filled with the single-cone system had the best results. The reciprocal nickel-titanium (NiTi) system with a matching single-cone gutta percha filling technique was found to be more effective in terms of reducing voids in root canal filling.

Resumen Este estudio evaluó la compatibilidad de la técnica de obturación de cono único mediante el uso de Micro-CT (microtomografía computarizada). Las muestras se dividieron en dos grupos según el sistema rotatorio utilizado. En ambos grupos, el conducto se obturó con compactación lateral y el otro con una técnica de cono único combinada con el cemento biocerámico BioRoot RCS. El porcentaje de espacios vacíos en el conducto se evaluó mediante micro-CT antes y después de la obturación. Independientemente de la cinemática utilizada, la técnica de cono único dejó significativamente menos espacios que la compactación lateral. El grupo conformado con el sistema recíproco y obturado con el sistema de cono único obtuvo los mejores resultados. El sistema recíproco con una técnica de obturación de gutapercha de cono único es más eficaz en términos de reducir los espacios vacíos en el conducto radicular.

Abstract The biggest challenge in root canal treatment is the elimination of microorganisms; there- fore, new techniques are continually sought to achieve success. The agar diffusion method was used to determine the antibacterial and antifungal effect of ozonated Sacha Inchi essential oil, calcium hydroxide paste, and the combination of both. Brain heart infusion and sabouraud agar were the culture media for Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans respectively. The antibacterial and antifungal effects were determined using the inhibition halos that formed around the wells containing the drugs at 24 hours and 48 hours. From the study, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of the ozonized oil was greater after 6 hours, proportional to the higher concentration of peroxide. This study showed that the antibacterial effect of ozonated Sacha Inchi oil is superior to that of calcium hydroxide and the combination of both substances.

Resumen El desafío más grande en el tratamiento de conductos es la eliminación de los microorganismos; por lo que se busca continuamente nuevas técnicas para alcanzar éxito en el tratamiento. Se determinó el efecto antibacteriano y antifúngico del aceite esencial ozonizado de sacha inchi, hidróxido de calcio en pasta y la combinación de ambas; se utilizó el método de difusión en agar, siendo el medio de cultivo para los Enterococcus faecalis infusión cerebro corazón y para la Candida albicans agar sabouraud, para determinar el efecto antibacteriano y antifúngico se midieron y se registraron los halos de inhibición que se formaron alrededor de los pocillos que contenían los medicamentos a las 24 horas y 48 horas. Obteniendo como resultado que el efecto antibacteriano y antifúngico del aceite ozonizado es mayor a las 6 horas proporcional a la mayor concentración de peróxido. El presente estudio mostró el efecto antibacterial del aceite ozonizado de sacha inchi que es superior frente al hidróxido de calcio y la combinación de ambas sustancias.

Background: There are several types of laminoplasty reported in the literature, but there are few studies comparing which one expands the canal the most. One of the ways to evaluate this comparison is by applying the techniques in a three-dimensional anatomical model. Objective: Define which laminoplasty technique provides the greatest increase in spinal canal dimensions. Method: This is an experimental study, a type of clinical trial. Initially, a patient was identified and diagnosed with cervical spinal canal stenosis at multiple levels, of degenerative etiology resulting in myelopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography of the patient's cervical spine were imported to a software program to print the anatomical model. A total of twenty identical cervical spine biomodels were printed, equally distributed into four groups: control, Open-door (OD), French-door (FD), and Two-open-doors (TOD) laminoplasty. The biomodels of the experimental groups were submitted to the laminoplasty surgical procedure, from C3 to C6, according to each technique. All specimens of the study were submitted to tomography, and the cross-sectional area and anteroposterior diameter of the vertebral canal were measured. The data were submitted to statistical analyses (ANOVA analysis) and p-value results &lt; 0.05 were considered as statistically significant. An equivalence or non-inferiority test was applied in the absence of a statistical difference between the groups. Results: All techniques increased the dimensions of the spinal canal. OD laminoplasty was superior to FD in the area evaluation (OD: 2.17cm2; FD: 1.92cm2) and there was no statistical difference in increased anteroposterior diameter (OD: 10.97mm; FD:10.42mm). TOD laminoplasty (area: 2.30 cm2; diameter: 11.94 mm) that was superior to FD in both variables. There was no statistical difference between OD and TOD laminoplasty, although the latter tended to further expand the vertebral canal, based on the equivalence tests. Conclusion: The open-door technique expands the cross-sectional area of the spinal canal more than French-door laminoplasty with no significant difference in diameter. Two-open-doors laminoplasty increases the dimensions of the spinal canal more than the French-door, and it tends to be superior to Open-door laminoplasty.

Introdução: Há diversos tipos de laminoplastia relatados na literatura, mas há poucos estudos que compare qual delas expande mais o canal. Uma das maneiras de avaliar essa comparação é aplicando as técnicas em modelo anatômico tridimensional (3D). Objetivo: Definir qual técnica de laminoplastia proporciona maior aumento das dimensões do canal vertebral. Método: Trata-se de um estudo experimental, tipo ensaio clínico. Inicialmente foi identificado um paciente com diagnóstico de estenose do canal vertebral cervical em múltiplos níveis, de etiologia degenerativa causando mielopatia. As imagens de ressonância magnética e tomografia computadorizada da coluna cervical do paciente foram importadas para um software e impresso o modelo anatômico. No total, foram impressos 20 biomodelos da coluna cervical, idênticos e distribuídos, igualmente, em quatro grupos: controle, laminoplastia open-door (OD), french-door (FD) e two-open-doors (TOD). Os biomodelos dos grupos experimentais foram submetidos ao procedimento cirúrgico de laminoplastia, entre C3 e C6, de acordo com cada técnica. Todas as peças do estudo foram submetidas a exame de tomografia e mensurados a área transversal e o diâmetro anteroposterior do canal vertebral. Os dados foram submetidos a análise estatística (teste ANOVA) e valores de p &lt; 0.05 foram suficientes para considerar o resultado significante estatisticamente. No caso de ausência de diferença estatística entre os grupos, foi aplicado teste de equivalência ou não-inferioridade. Resultados: Todas as técnicas aumentaram as dimensões do canal vertebral. A laminoplastia OD foi superior a FD na avaliação da área (OD: 2,17cm2; FD: 1,92cm2) e sem diferença estatística no aumento do diâmetro anteroposterior (OD: 10,97mm; FD:10,42mm). A laminoplastia TOD (área: 2,30 cm2; diâmetro: 11,94mm) foi superior a FD, nas duas variáveis. Não houve diferença estatística entre a laminoplastia OD e TOD, apesar dessa última ter uma tendência a maior expansão do canal vertebral, baseado nos testes de equivalência. Conclusão: A técnica open-door expande mais a área transversal do canal vertebral quando comparada com a laminoplastia french-door, não tendo diferença significativa no diâmetro. A laminoplastia two-open-doors aumenta mais as dimensões do canal vertebral do que a french-door e há uma tendência de ser superior a laminoplastia open-door.

SUMMARY: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different oral root canal filling materials on the expression of inflammatory factors and protease related molecules in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). A total of 90 patients with posterior tooth defects who underwent root canal therapy in our hospital were selected. They were divided into an observation group (group A) and a control group (group B) based on different root canal filling materials, with 45 teeth in each group. The group A patients were repaired with fiber post, composite resin combined with zirconia ceramic crown, while the group B patients were repaired with metal post core combined with metal ceramic crown. The clinical effect, periodontal index, restoration success rate, mastication efficiency, periodontal index, restoration effect, and the levels of GCF and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) before and after restoration were compared between the two groups. The clinical efficacy of the group A was better than that of the group B patients. The success rate of repair and chewing efficiency in the group A were higher than those in the group B. The completeness rate, color matching rate, edge fit rate, edge coloring qualification rate, and gingival qualification rate of the group A patients were higher than those of the group B patients. After repair, the levels of GCF and ALP in both groups of patients were higher than before repair, and the group B was raised than the group A. The PLI, GI, and SBI indices of the group A patients were reduced than those of the group B patients. The application of fiber post, composite resin combined with zirconia porcelain crown restoration in patients with posterior tooth defects after root canal treatment can improve the success rate, chewing efficiency, and restoration effect, with little impact on changes in GCF and ALP levels in the body.

RESUMEN: El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar los efectos de diferentes materiales de obturación del canal radicular sobre la expresión de factores inflamatorios y moléculas relacionadas con proteasas en el fluido crevicular gingival (GCF). Se seleccionaron un total de 90 pacientes con defectos de los dientes posteriores que se sometieron a tratamiento de canal en nuestro hospital. Se dividieron en un grupo de observación (grupo A) y un grupo control (grupo B) basado en diferentes materiales de obturación del canal radicular, con 45 dientes en cada grupo. Los dientes de los pacientes del grupo A fueron reparados con poste de fibra, resina compuesta combinada con corona de cerámica de circonio, mientras que los dientes de los pacientes del grupo B fueron reparados con núcleo de poste de metal combinado con corona de cerámica de metal. Se compararon en los dos grupos el efecto clínico, el índice periodontal, la tasa de éxito de la restauración, la eficiencia de la masticación, el índice periodontal, el efecto de la restauración y los niveles de GCF y fosfatasa alcalina (ALP) antes y después de la restauración. La eficacia clínica del grupo A fue mejor que la de los pacientes del grupo B. La tasa de éxito de la reparación y la eficiencia de la masticación en el grupo A fueron mayores que las del grupo B. La tasa de integridad, la tasa de coincidencia de colores, la tasa de ajuste de los bordes, la tasa de calificación de la coloración de los bordes y la tasa de calificación gingival de los pacientes del grupo A fueron mayores que las de los pacientes del grupo B. Después de la reparación, los niveles de GCF y ALP en ambos grupos de pacientes fueron más altos que antes de la reparación, y el grupo B aumentó más que el grupo A. Los índices PLI, GI y SBI de los pacientes del grupo A fueron más reducidos que los pacientes del grupo B. La aplicación de poste de fibra, resina compuesta combinada con restauración de corona de porcelana de circonio en pacientes con defectos de dientes posteriores después del tratamiento de canal puede mejorar la tasa de éxito, la eficiencia de la masticación y el efecto de la restauración, con poco impacto en los cambios en los niveles de GCF y ALP en el cuerpo.

SUMMARY: Sex estimation from skeletal remains is crucial in forensic anthropology, with growing interest in the microscopic differences in bone structure between sexes. This study compared the Haversian canal (Osteonic canal) diameter (Diameter.Hc) and Haversian system (Osteon) diameter (Diameter.Hs) in the humerus, radius, and ulna of adult males and females in a Thai population. Transverse sections from the midshaft of each bone were obtained from 20 cadavers (10 males, 10 females), processed histologically, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Results showed no significant differences in Diameter.Hc and Diameter.Hs between sexes or among the three bones within each sex (p > 0.05). However, both parameters were larger in humans compared to Assamese macaques, highlighting interspecific variations in bone microstructure. These findings suggest that Haversian canal and system diameters may not be reliable sex indicators in the Thai population. Nonetheless, the observed differences between humans and non-human primates underscore the importance of further research into interspecific variation in bone microstructure and its potential applications in forensic anthropology and comparative anatomy.

RESUMEN: La estimación del sexo a partir de restos esqueléticos es crucial en la antropología forense, con un interés creciente en las diferencias microscópicas en la estructura ósea entre sexos. Este estudio comparó el diámetro del canal osteónico (Canal de Havers) (Diámetro.Hc) y el diámetro de la osteona (Sistema de Havers) (Diámetro.Hs) en el húmero, el radio y la ulna de hombres y mujeres adultos en una población tailandesa. Se obtuvieron secciones transversales de la diáfisis media de cada hueso de 20 cadáveres (10 hombres, 10 mujeres), se procesaron histológicamente y se tiñeron con hematoxilina y eosina. Los resultados no mostraron diferencias significativas en Diámetro.Hc y Diámetro.Hs entre sexos o entre los tres huesos dentro de cada sexo (p > 0,05). Sin embargo, ambos parámetros eran mayores en los humanos en comparación con los monos asamés, lo que destaca las variaciones interespecíficas en la microestructura ósea. Estos hallazgos sugieren que los diámetros del canal osteónico y de la osteona pueden no ser indicadores de sexo confiables en la población tailandesa. No obstante, las diferencias observadas entre humanos y primates no humanos subrayan la importancia de realizar más investigaciones sobre la variación interespecífica en la microestructura ósea y sus posibles aplicaciones en antropología forense y anatomía comparada.

Resumen: El comercio electrónico del sector de la moda ha aumentado en los últimos años en Latinoamérica, especialmente a raíz de la pandemia, sin embargo, todavía existen problemas en la aceptación de este canal de compra. La presente investigación se centra en algunos factores que podrían influir en la intención de compra y tiene como objetivos comprobar cómo en ella influyen la confianza, los riesgos percibidos, los costos y la conveniencia. Para esto, se suministró un cuestionario a 223 estudiantes de cuatro universidades del Ecuador. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos se desarrolló un modelo PLS-SEM, en el cual la confianza en el vendedor actúa como variable mediadora en la relación entre los otros tres factores y la intención de compra. Los resultados muestran que dicho modelo tiene un aceptable poder predictivo y explicativo. Asimismo, se comprueba que los riesgos, la conveniencia y la confianza afectan significativamente a la intención de compra, pero no los costos. Además, la confianza mediaría la relación entre las tres variables y la intención de compra en línea. Se concluye que el modelo propuesto puede servir de base para estudios similares y, a su vez, se considera que los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados por las empresas en el sector de la moda que quieren vender a través de plataformas de e-Commerce para el desarrollo de estrategias de marketing.

Abstract: E-commerce in the fashion sector has increased in recent years in Latin America, especially in the wake of the pandemic, however, there are still issues in the acceptance of this shopping channel. The present research focuses on some factors that could influence purchase intention and aims to test how it is influenced by trust, perceived risks, costs and convenience. For this purpose, a questionnaire was given to 223 students from four universities in Ecuador. A PLS-SEM model was developed for the analysis of the data, in which trust in the seller has a mediating role in the relationship between the other three factors and purchase intention. Results show that this model has acceptable predictive and explanatory power. Likewise, it validates that risks, convenience and trust significantly affect intention, but not costs. In addition, trust would mediate the relationship between the other variables and online shopping intention. It is concluded that the proposed model can serve as a basis for similar studies, and, at the same time, it is considered that the results obtained can be used by business in the fashion sector that pursue to sell through e-commerce platforms for marketing strategies development.

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito de técnicas de ativação de irrigação na remoção da smear layer após a preparação do espaço para espigão. Métodos: Selecionaram-se 40 pré-molares mandibulares de raiz única sem tratamento endodôntico. Removeu-se a coroa dos dentes aos 15 mm, e confirmou-se a permeabilidade apical com uma lima K #10. O sistema de limas NiTi ProTaper Next foi utilizado para a preparação canalar, e os canais foram obturados com guta-percha e cimento. Uma semana depois, preparou-se o espaço de 10 mm para espigão. Os dentes foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos com base na técnica de ativação de irrigação utilizada para ativar 3 mL de EDTA a 17% durante 1 min: 1) grupo de controlo com agulha convencional; 2) irrigação sónica (SI); 3) irrigação ultrassónica passiva (PUI); e 4) irrigação ativada a laser (LAI), e observados sob um microscópio eletrónico de varrimento. Analisaram-se imagens dos terços coronário, médio e apical com ampliação de ×2000, e documentou-se a presença da smear layer. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente. Resultados: Não foi observada diferença estatisticamente significativa entre as técnicas de ativação de irrigação em termos de remoção da smear layer (p>0.05). Por outro lado, a PUI foi mais eficaz no terço coronário e apical, enquanto a SI teve melhor desempenho no terço médio Conclusões: Todas as técnicas de ativação de irrigação utilizadas mostraram-se eficazes na remoção da smear layer. No entanto, nenhuma das técnicas foi capaz de a remover totalmente.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different irrigation activation techniques (IATs) on smear layer removal after post-space preparation. Methods: Forty single-rooted mandibular premolars with no root canal treatment were selected. Teeth were decoronated at 15 mm, and apical patency was confirmed using a #10 K-file. The ProTaper Next NiTi file system was used to shape the root canal. Afterward, the root canals were filled with gutta-percha and a root canal sealer. A week later, 10-mm postspace preparation was done. Teeth were randomly divided into 4 groups based on the IATs used to activate 3 mL of 17% EDTA for 1 min: 1) control group with a conventional needle; 2) sonic irrigation (SI); 3) passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI); and 4) laser-activated irrigation (LAI). Teeth were split longitudinally, and specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope. Images were taken at the teeth’ coronal, middle, and apical thirds at ×2000 magnification and were scored based on the presence of the smear layer. Data were analyzed statistically. Results: No statistically significant difference was observed between the IATs regarding smear layer removal (p>0.05). However, PUI was more successful at the coronal and apical third, and SI was more successful in the middle third. Conclusions: All the used IATs were effective in removing the smear layer. However, none of them removed it completely

Resumo Objetivos: Avaliar a influência do pré-alargamento cervical usando LA axxes e limas ProTaper Shaping na precisão dos localizadores foraminais eletrónicos (EALs) Root ZX mini, Mini Apex e Propex II. Métodos: Trinta incisivos superiores foram acessados e tiveram seu comprimento real de trabalho determinado com o auxílio de um estereomicroscópio. Depois, as amostras foram divididas de forma randomizada entre 2 grupos de acordo com o instrumento de pré-alargamento: G1- LA Axxess; G2- ProTaper Shaping. Usando modelos de alginato, o comprimento real de trabalho foi determinado utilizando-se localizadores foraminais eletrônicos antes e depois do pré-alargamento. Os dados foram classificados como precisos (≤ 0,5 mm) ou imprecisos (> 0,5 mm ou além do comprimento real de trabalho). O teste de McNemar foi utilizado para detectar diferenças na precisão do mesmo localizador foraminal antes e depois do pré-alargamento e o teste Q de Cochran foi aplicado para determinar a diferença de precisão entre os aparelhos. Resultados: o teste de McNemar identificou diferenças na precisão do Propex II e Mini Apex com um significante aumento da precisão após pré-alargamento com limas ProTaper. O teste Q de Cochran não mostrou diferenças na precisão entre os aparelhos (p>0,05). Conclusões: Procedimentos de pré-alargamento aumentaram a precisão nas medidas em todos os localizadores foraminais, com diferença estatística no Propex II e Mini Apex quando limas ProTaper foram utilizadas. Todos os localizadores foraminais mostraram medidas similares.

Abstract Objectives: To evaluate the influence of preflaring using LA Axxess and ProTaper Shaping files on the accuracy of Root ZX mini, Mini Apex Locator, and Propex II electronic apex locators (EALs). Methods: Thirty mandibular incisors were accessed, and their root canal length (RCL) was determined with the aid of a stereomicroscope. Then, the specimens were randomly assigned into two groups according to the preflaring instrument: G1- LA Axxess; G2- ProTaper Shaping files. The root canal length was determined in the alginate model by EALs before and after preflaring. Data were classified as accurate (≤ 0.5 mm) or inaccurate (> 0.5 mm or beyond the root canal length). McNemar's test was used to detect differences in the EALs’ accuracy before and after preflaring, and Cochran’s Q test was applied to detect diferences in accuracy between the EALs. Results: McNemar's test identified differences in precision in the Propex II and Mini Apex Locator, with significantly increased accuracy after preflaring with ProTaper files. Cochrans’ Q test showed no differences between EALs’ accuracy (p>.05). Conclusions: Preflaring procedures increased accurate measurements for all the EALs, with statistical differences for Propex II and Mini Apex Locator when ProTaper instruments were used. All EALs showed similar accuracy.

Resumo Microtia e atresia congénita do canal auditivo externo (CAE) são malformações congénitas do ouvido externo que se encontram muitas vezes associadas. A microtia resulta de uma malformação do pavilhão auricular enquanto a atresia congénita diz respeito a um encerramento total ou parcial do CAE. O desafio para os Otorrinolaringologistas reside no tratamento, que engloba a eventual cirurgia reconstrutiva e a reabilitação auditiva. Cada caso é único, exigindo uma abordagem personalizada por uma equipa especializada, com otorrinolaringologistas e cirurgiões plásticos. Apresentamos um caso de uma mulher de 62 anos com microtia e atrésia congénita do CAE direito, com antecedentes de cirurgia reconstrutiva do pavilhão auricular, no qual foi decidida reabilitação auditiva com implante osteointegrado.

ABSTRACT Microtia and congenital atresia of the external auditory canal (EAC) are congenital malformations of the external ear that are often associated. Microtia results from a malformation of the auricle, while congenital atresia is a total or partial occlusion of the EAC. The challenge for the otolaryngologist is the management, which may include reconstructive surgery and auditory rehabilitation. Each case is unique and requires an individualized approach by a specialized team of otolaryngologists and plastic surgeons. We present the case of a 62-year-old woman with microtia and congenital atresia of the right EAC, with a history of reconstructive surgery of the pinna, in which auditory rehabilitation with an osseointegrated implant was chosen.

Abstract: Passive Optical Networks (PONs) are essential in optical communications to meet the increasing demand for network capacity and connected users, ensuring reliable and adaptable connections for data transmissions. These networks also simplify infrastructures and efficiently utilize energy by eliminating the need for active devices. In this context, Ultra- Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (UDWDM) is one of the most prominent solutions for data transmission. This technology uses the narrow separation between channels from 25GHz and even as small as 6.25GHz to increase the transmission capacity. This document analyzes the performance of UDWDM considering the transmission of three simultaneous channels in a PON network for which three different scenarios have been considered for the analysis with the following parameters: i) transmission speed from 10 Gbps to 17 Gbps, ii) the distance from 10 km to 20 km and iii) the separation between channels of 15GHz, 20GHz, and 25GHz. The performance metrics for the analyzed scenario are the bit error rate and the eye diagram. To ensure the reception of the transmitted channel, an analysis of raised cosine and Gauss filters is also discussed. Including these filters allows for verifying whether their use enhances the performance of the channels compared to transmission without a filter. This is crucial for understanding how filters can optimize the quality and reliability of data transmission in a PON, which is of great importance in environments where high efficiency and connection quality are required.

Resumen: Las redes ópticas pasivas (PON) son esenciales en las comunicaciones ópticas para satisfacer la creciente demanda de capacidad de red y usuarios conectados, garantizando conexiones fiables y adaptables para la transmisión de datos. Estas redes también ofrecen un uso eficiente de la energía y la simplificación de las infraestructuras, eliminando la necesidad de dispositivos activos. En este contexto, la multiplexación por división de longitud de onda ultradensa (UDWDM) es una de las soluciones más destacadas para la transmisión de datos; esta tecnología aprovecha la estrecha separación entre canales a partir de 25GHz e incluso de tan solo 6,25GHz para aumentar la capacidad de transmisión. Este documento analiza el rendimiento de UDWDM considerando la transmisión de tres canales simultáneos en una red PON para la que se han considerado tres escenarios diferentes para el análisis con los siguientes parámetros: i) velocidad de transmisión de 10 Gbps a 17 Gbps; ii) la distancia de 10 km a 20 km; y iii) la separación entre canales de 15GHz, 20GHz, y 25GHz. Las métricas de rendimiento para el escenario analizado son la tasa de errores de bit y el diagrama de ojo. Para garantizar la recepción del canal transmitido, también se analiza la utilización de filtros coseno elevado y Gauss. La inclusión de estos filtros permite comprobar si su uso mejora el rendimiento de los canales en comparación con la transmisión sin filtro. Esto es crucial para entender cómo los filtros pueden optimizar la calidad y fiabilidad de la transmisión de datos en una PON, lo que es de gran importancia en entornos donde se requiere una alta eficiencia y calidad de conexión.