Caffeine (CAF) and nicotine (NIC) are emerging contaminants and are among the most consumed substances in the world, making it crucial to monitor these contaminants. In this work, an alternative electrolyte, 2-hydroxyethylammonium acetate (2HEAA) was used for the development of an electroanalytical method for determination and quantification of CAF and NIC, simultaneously, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The system with the 2HEAA electrolyte was characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the DPV parameters were optimized for the best conditions. The method was validated from a calibration curve obtained which showed limit of detection (LOD) of 0.82 and 6.26 μmol L 1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 2.73 and 20.8 μmol L-1 for CAF and NIC, respectively. In the precision analyses, values lower than 10% of relative standard deviation were obtained. In the presence of concomitant inorganic and organic species, the system proved to be selective in the determination of analytes. The method was used to determine the analytes in fortified samples (river water, synthetic urine and commercial milk), obtaining recoveries between 87.25 and 111.40%. The 2HEAA demonstrated high efficiency as an alternative electrolyte with good signal-to-noise ratio, increased analytical sensitivity of the method, in addition to presenting low cost and fast electrolyte preparation. (CAF NIC (NIC world work 2hydroxyethylammonium hydroxyethylammonium 2 HEAA (2HEAA simultaneously DPV. . (DPV) spectroscopy conditions LOD (LOD 082 0 82 0.8 626 6 26 6.2 LOQ (LOQ 273 73 2.7 208 20 8 20. L1 L- respectively analyses 10 species river water milk, milk , milk) 8725 87 25 87.2 11140 111 40 111.40% signaltonoise signal noise ratio preparation (DPV 08 0. 62 6. 27 7 2. 872 87. 1114 11 4 111.40 111.4 111.

Abstract Objective: Periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is the most common type of intracranial bleeding in newborns, especially in the first 3 days after birth. Severe periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage is considered a progression from mild periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and is often closely associated with severe neurological sequelae. However, no specific indicators are available to predict the progression from mild to severe periventricular-intraventricular in early admission. This study aims to establish an early diagnostic prediction model for severe PIVH. Method: This study was a retrospective cohort study with data collected from the MIMIC-III (v1.4) database. Laboratory and clinical data collected within the first 24 h of NICU admission have been used as variables for both univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to construct a nomogram-based early prediction model for severe periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and subsequently validated. Results: A predictive model was established and represented by a nomogram, it comprised three variables: output, lowest platelet count and use of vasoactive drugs within 24 h of NICU admission. The model’s predictive performance showed by the calculated area under the curve was 0.792, indicating good discriminatory power. The calibration plot demonstrated good calibration between observed and predicted outcomes, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test showed high consistency (p = 0.990). Internal validation showed the calculated area under a curve of 0.788. Conclusions: This severe PIVH predictive model, established by three easily obtainable indicators within the NICU, demonstrated good predictive ability. It offered a more user-friendly and convenient option for neonatologists. Objective Periventricularintraventricular Periventricular intraventricular newborns birth periventricularintraventricular periventricular sequelae However Method MIMICIII MIMIC III v1.4 v14 v v1 4 (v1.4 database 2 nomogrambased nomogram based validated Results output models s 0792 0 792 0.792 power outcomes HosmerLemeshow Hosmer Lemeshow p 0.990. 0990 0.990 . 990 0.990) 0788 788 0.788 Conclusions ability userfriendly user friendly neonatologists v1. (v1. 079 79 0.79 099 0.99 99 078 78 0.78 (v1 07 7 0.7 09 0.9 9 (v 0.

Abstract Objective: Reliably prediction models for coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in children aged > 5 years with Kawasaki disease (KD) are still lacking. This study aimed to develop a nomogram model for predicting CAA at 4 to 8 weeks of illness in children with KD older than 5 years. Methods: A total of 644 eligible children were randomly assigned to a training cohort (n = 450) and a validation cohort (n = 194). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used for optimal predictors selection, and multivariate logistic regression was used to develop a nomogram model based on the selected predictors. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), calibration curves, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, Brier score, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to assess model performance. Results: Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, intravenous immunoglobulin resistance, and maximum baseline z-score ≥ 2.5 were identified by LASSO as significant predictors. The model incorporating these variables showed good discrimination and calibration capacities in both training and validation cohorts. The AUC of the training cohort and validation cohort were 0.854 and 0.850, respectively. The DCA confirmed the clinical usefulness of the nomogram model. Conclusions: A novel nomogram model was established to accurately assess the risk of CAA at 4–8 weeks of onset among KD children older than 5 years, which may aid clinical decisionmaking. Objective (CAA (KD lacking Methods 64 n 450 194. 194 . 194) (LASSO AUC, , (AUC) curves HosmerLemeshow Hosmer Lemeshow test score (DCA performance Results ratio resistance zscore z 25 2 2. cohorts 0854 0 854 0.85 0850 850 0.850 respectively Conclusions 48 4– decisionmaking 6 45 19 (AUC 085 85 0.8 1 08 0.

Abstract: This study attempts to obtain the approximate fatigue vulnerability of a steel arch bridge from the Colombian national road network. It establishes the interaction between the demand and the available capacity through the Weibull probability equation, and an AASHTO remaining-time equation indicated in (FHWA, 2015). However, the available capacity in terms of the S-N curve obtained from available international references was modified to account for the effects of corrosion present in elements and/or joints in the bridge. The load demand was modeled as the controlled action of the fatigue truck reported in AASHTO, which was systematically located on a structural model represented by Shell and Frame type finite elements, which represented the information available in drawings (in the current Colombian bridge management system), and the one obtained from structural survey activities. The structural model was further calibrated by a parametric study on the modulus of elasticity of steel, which included the minimization of the error difference in the vertical deflections of a bridge load test, keeping the magnitude within the expected ranges established in a protocol. Such reports of actual deflections were achieved using distance meters at important points of the bridge. This model allowed for estimating the magnitude of stresses in the structural elements of the bridge, especially in an area of interest for the study where chemical and physical elements of structural deficiency were determined. The results show an inverse relationship between the probability of failure and remaining service life. The effect of corrosion on the remaining capacity and the probability of failure of the structural elements is clear.

Resumen: El presente estudio busca obtener la vulnerabilidad aproximada a fatiga de un Puente de acero en arco que pertenece a la red de vías nacionales de Colombia. Se establece la interacción entre la demanda y la capacidad disponible de resistencia através de la ecuación de probabilidad de Weibull y la ecuación indicada en ela norma AASHTO para vida remanente en fatiga (FHWA, 2015). Sin embargo, la capacidad disponible con base en las curvas S-N de capacidad disponible, se modificaron para poder tener en cuenta los efectos de corrosión presentes en elementos y/o conexiones del puente. La carga se modeló mediante el camion de fatiga especificado en la AASHTO, el cual fue localizado de manera sistemática sobre los nudos de un modelo hecho en elementos finitos tipo Shell and Frame. Este modelo se construyó basado en planos disponibles y de algunas actividades de levantamiento estructural en campo. El modelo estructural fue calibrado mediante un proceso paramétrico en el modulo de elasticidad del acero, el cual minimizó el error entre las deflexiones verticales modealdas y las determinadas mediante una prueba de carga sobre el puente real. Las deflexiones reales fueron reportadas mediane el uso de distanciómetros localizados en puntos seleccionados del puente. El modelo calibrado sirvió para estimar la magnitud de los rangos de esfuerzo en los elementos modelados del Puente, especialmente en la zona de estudio, donde se determinó la presencia de corrosión. Los resultados presentan una relación inversa entre la probabilidad de falla por fatiga, y la vida remanente estimada por efectos de fatiga. Se pudo determinar con claridad el efecto de la corrosión en la capacidad del puente y la probabilidad de falla asociada.

Abstract Objective We aimed to assess the significance of rENE and creat a predictive tool (nomogram) for estimating Overall Survival (OS) in locoregionally advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPC) patients with Lymph Node Metastasis (LNM) based on their clinical characteristics and Radiologic Extranodal Extension (rENE). Methods Five hundred and sixty-nine NPC patients with LNM were randomly divided into training and validation groups. Significant factors were identified using univariate and multivariate analyses in the training cohort. Then, the nomogram based on the screening results was established to predict the Overall Survival (OS). Calibration curves and the Concordance index (C-index) gauged predictive accuracy and discrimination. Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis assessed risk stratification, and clinical utility was measured using Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). The nomogram's performance was validated for discrimination and calibration in an independent validation cohort. Results A total of 360 (63.2%) patients were present with radiologic extranodal extension at initial diagnosis. Patients with rENE had significantly lower OS than other patients. Multivariate analysis identified the five factors, including rENE, for the nomogram model. The C-index was 0.75 (0.71-0.78) in the training cohort and 0.76 (0.69-0.83) in the validation cohort. Notably, the nomogram outperformed the 8th TNM staging system, as evident from the higher AUC values (0.77 vs. 0.60 for 2 year and 0.75 vs. 0.65 for 3 year) and well-calibrated calibration curves. Decision curve analysis indicated improved Net Benefit (NB) with the nomogram for predicting OS. The log-rank test confirmed significant survival distinctions between risk groups in both training and validation cohorts. Conclusions We demonstrated the prognostic value of rENE in nasopharyngeal carcinoma and developed a nomogram based on rENE and other factors to provide individual prediction of OS for locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with lymph node metastasis. Level of evidence: III. (nomogram (OS (NPC (LNM rENE. . (rENE) sixtynine sixty nine Then Cindex C (C-index ROC (ROC stratification DCA. DCA (DCA) nomograms s 36 63.2% 632 63 (63.2% diagnosis model 075 0 75 0.7 0.710.78 071078 0.71 0.78 71 78 (0.71-0.78 076 76 0.690.83 069083 0.69 0.83 69 83 (0.69-0.83 Notably th system 0.77 077 77 (0.7 vs 060 60 0.6 065 65 wellcalibrated well calibrated NB (NB logrank log rank cohorts metastasis evidence III (rENE (DCA 63.2 6 (63.2 07 7 0. 710 0.710.7 07107 071 078 (0.71-0.7 690 0.690.8 06908 069 083 0.8 8 (0.69-0.8 (0. 06 63. (63. 0.710. 0710 (0.71-0. 0.690. 0690 08 (0.69-0. (0 (63 0.710 (0.71-0 0.690 (0.69-0 ( (6 (0.71- (0.69- (0.71 (0.69 (0.6

ABSTRACT The performance of colorimetric methods for P quantification has been overlooked by researchers for decades. We investigated the performance of two blue colorimetric methods for P quantification, Braga and Defelipo (B&D) and Murphy and Riley (M&R), using two commonly soil P extractants, Mehlich-1 (M1) and Mehlich-3 (M3). Specifically, we evaluated the color development time and its stability in different soil extractant solution proportions (1:1 or 1:4 v/v), the optimum wavelength, limits of detection, and element quantification. Our results indicate that M3 leads to lower limits of detection and quantification for both colorimetric methods, particularly for B&D. For M1, the volumetric ratio (1:1 or 1:4) did not influence color development and both B&D and M&R methods showed a fast color development. However, B&D showed greater color stability (from 5 to 600 min) and an optimum wavelength of 711 nm, while M&R was stable from 27 to 600 min an optimum wavelength of 889 nm. For M3 soil extractant, there are important issues, such as M&R being unstable and B&D presenting slow color development. In addition, the spectral profile obtained from soil extractant was different from the one obtained by the calibration curve without soil for both M&R and B&D. Therefore, the adoption of original methods on P quantification in M3 extracting solution represents a potential source of error, leading to wrong P fertilizer recommendations. Thus, the best option for P quantification in M3 extracts seems to be the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). decades BD B D (B&D M&R, MR , M R (M&R) extractants Mehlich1 Mehlich 1 Mehlich- M1 (M1 Mehlich3 3 M3. . (M3) Specifically 11 (1: 14 4 1: v/v, vv v/v v v/v) However 60 71 nm 2 88 issues addition Therefore error recommendations Thus ICPAES. ICPAES ICP AES (ICP-AES) (M&R (M (M3 (1 6 7 8 (ICP-AES (

Abstract Background To explore the correlation of pre-treatment Hemoglobin-Albumin-Lymphocyte-Platelet (HALP) score with the prognosis of patients with advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) undergoing first-line conventional platinum-based chemotherapy. Methods In this retrospective cohort study, 203 patients with advanced NSCLC were recruited from January 2017 to December 2021. The cut-off value for the HALP score was determined by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. The baseline characteristics and blood parameters were recorded, and the Log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier curves were applied for the survival analysis. In the univariate and multivariate analyses, the Cox regression analysis was carried out. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined by the Concordance index (C-index) and calibration curve and compared with a single HALP score by ROC curve analysis. Results The optimal cut-off value for the HALP score was 28.02. The lower HALP score was closely associated with poorer Progression-Free Survival (PFS) and Overall Survival (OS). The male gender and other pathological types were associated with shorter OS. Disease progression and low HALP were correlated with shorter OS and PFS. In addition, nomograms were established based on HALP scores, gender, pathology type and efficacy rating, and used to predict OS. The C-index for OS prediction was 0.7036 (95% CI 0.643 to 0.7643), which was significantly higher than the C-index of HALP at 6-, 12-, and 24-months. Conclusion The HALP score is associated with the prognosis of advanced NSCLC patients receiving conventional platinum-based chemotherapy, and the nomogram established based on the HALP score has a better predictive capability for OS. pretreatment pre treatment HemoglobinAlbuminLymphocytePlatelet Hemoglobin Albumin Lymphocyte Platelet (HALP NonSmall Non Small (NSCLC firstline first line platinumbased platinum chemotherapy study 20 201 2021 cutoff cut off (ROC recorded Logrank Log rank KaplanMeier Kaplan Meier analyses out Cindex C (C-index 2802 28 02 28.02 ProgressionFree Progression Free PFS (PFS . (OS) addition scores rating 07036 0 7036 0.703 95% 95 (95 0643 643 0.64 0.7643, 07643 0.7643 , 7643 0.7643) 6, 6 6- 12, 12 12- 24months. 24months months 24 months. 24-months 2 202 280 28.0 (OS 0703 703 0.70 9 (9 064 64 0.6 0764 0.764 764 1 28. 070 70 0.7 ( 06 0. 076 0.76 76 07 7

Abstract Objective The aim of the study was to create two consensus nomograms for predicting Overall Survival (OS) and Cancer-Specific Survival (CSS) in adults with papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma (pRCC). Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results databases, a retrospective analysis of 1,074 adults with pRCC from 2004 to 2015 was performed. These patients were then randomly divided into two independent cohorts with a ratio of 7:3 (training cohort: 752; validation cohort: 322). In a retrospective analysis of 752 patients from the training cohort, independent prognostic variables affecting OS and CSS were found. R software was used to create prognostic nomograms based on the findings of Cox regression analysis. The performance of the nomograms was assessed using the Concordance Index (C-index), the Area Under Curve (AUC), a calibration curve, and Decision Curve Analysis (DCA). Data from the 107 postoperative pRCC patients at the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were used for external validation of the nomogram. Results For OS and CSS, the C-indices and AUCs of the training cohort and the validation cohort indicated that the model had excellent discrimination. The DCA demonstrated that the model was clinically applicable, and the calibration curves in the internal and external validations showed that the model's accuracy was high. Conclusion The authors developed and validated a prognostic nomogram that accurately predicted the 3-, 5-, and 8-year OS and CSS of adults with pRCC. Clinicians can use this knowledge to direct the clinical management and counseling of patients with pRCC. (OS CancerSpecific Cancer Specific (CSS . (pRCC) Surveillance Epidemiology databases 1074 1 074 1,07 200 201 performed 73 7 3 7: 322. 322 322) 75 found Cindex, Cindex C index , (C-index) AUC, AUC (AUC) curve DCA. (DCA) 10 Cindices indices discrimination applicable models s high 3, 3- 5, 5 5- 8year year 8 (pRCC 07 1,0 20 32 (C-index (AUC (DCA 0 1, 2

ABSTRACT Purpose: To validate the Barcelona magnetic resonance imaging predictive model (BCN-MRI PM) in men with pre-biopsy multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) reported with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2.1, followed by transrectal and transperineal prostate biopsies. Materials and Methods: Prospective analysis of 3,264 men with PSA >3.0 ng/mL and/or abnormal digital rectal examination who were referred to ten participant centers in the csPCa early detection program of Catalonia (Spain), between 2021 and 2023. MpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1, and 2- to 4-core MRI-transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) fusion-targeted biopsy of suspected lesions and/or 12-core systematic biopsy were conducted. 2,295 (70.3%) individuals were referred to six centers for transrectal prostate biopsies, while 969 (39.7%) were referred to four centers for transperineal prostate biopsies. CsPCa was classified whenever the International Society of Urologic Pathology grade group was 2 or higher. Results: CsPCa was detected in 41% of transrectal prostate biopsies and in 45.9% of transperineal prostate biopsies (p <0.016). Both BCN-MRI PM calibration curves were within the ideal correlation between predicted and observed csPCa. Areas under the curve and 95% confidence intervals were 0.847 (0.830-0.857) and 0.830 (0.823-0.855), respectively (p = 0.346). Specificities corresponding to 95% sensitivity were 37.6 and 36.8%, respectively (p = 0.387). The Net benefit of the BCN-MRI PM was similar with both biopsy methods. Conclusions: The BCN-MRI PM has been successfully validated when mpMRI was reported with the PI-RADS v2.1 and prostate biopsies were conducted via the transrectal and transperineal route. Purpose BCNMRI BCN prebiopsy pre (mpMRI PIRADS PI RADS (PI-RADS v21 v v2 1 Methods 3264 3 264 3,26 30 0 >3. ngmL ng mL andor Spain, Spain , (Spain) 202 2023 4core core 4 MRItransrectal TRUS (TRUS fusiontargeted fusion targeted 12core 12 2295 295 2,29 70.3% 703 70 (70.3% 96 39.7% 397 39 7 (39.7% higher Results 41 459 45 9 45.9 p <0.016. 0016 <0.016 . 016 <0.016) 95 0847 847 0.84 0.8300.857 08300857 0.857 830 857 (0.830-0.857 0830 0.83 0.8230.855, 08230855 0.823 0.855 823 855 (0.823-0.855) 0.346. 0346 0.346 346 0.346) 376 37 6 37. 368 36 8 36.8% 0.387. 0387 0.387 387 0.387) methods Conclusions v2. route 326 26 3,2 >3 (Spain 20 229 29 2,2 70.3 (70.3 39.7 (39.7 45. 001 <0.01 01 084 84 0.8 8300 0.8300.85 0830085 0857 0.85 83 85 (0.830-0.85 083 8230 0.8230.855 0823085 0823 0.82 0855 82 (0.823-0.855 034 0.34 34 36.8 038 0.38 38 32 3, > 22 2, 70. (70. 39. (39. 00 <0.0 08 0. 0.8300.8 083008 085 (0.830-0.8 0.8230.85 082308 082 (0.823-0.85 03 0.3 36. (70 (39 <0. 0.8300. 08300 (0.830-0. 0.8230.8 08230 (0.823-0.8 (7 (3 <0 0.8300 (0.830-0 0.8230. (0.823-0. ( < (0.830- 0.8230 (0.823-0 (0.830 (0.823- (0.83 (0.823 (0.8 (0.82 (0. (0

Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is an established therapeutic strategy for intermediate stage Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, patients who are early refractory to TACE may not benefit from repeated TACE treatment. Our primary objective was to assess the diagnostic value of inflammatory markers in identifying early TACE refractory for patients with early (BCLC 0 and A) or intermediate (BCLC B) stage HCC. We retrospectively reviewed the HCC patients who underwent TACE as the initial treatment in two hospitals. Patients with early TACE refractoriness had significantly poorer median overall survival (OS) (16 vs 40 months, P<0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) (7 vs 23 months, P<0.001) compared to TACE non-refractory patients. In the multivariate regression analysis, tumor size (P<0.001), bilobular invasion (P=0.007), high aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) (P=0.007), and high alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (P=0.035) were independent risk factors for early TACE refractoriness. The predictive model showcasing these factors exhibited high ability proficiency, with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.833 (95%CI=0.774-0.892) in the training cohort, 0.750 (95%CI: 0.640-0.861) in the internal-validation cohort, and 0.733 (95%CI: 0.594-0.872) in the external-validation cohort. Calibration curve analysis revealed good agreement between the actual and predicted probabilities of early TACE refractoriness. Our preliminary study estimated the potential value of inflammatory markers in predicting early TACE refractoriness and provides a predictive model to assist in identifying patients who may not benefit from repeat TACE treatment. (TACE BCLC . (HCC) However A B hospitals OS (OS 16 (1 4 months P<0.001 P0001 P 001 progressionfree progression free PFS (PFS 7 ( 2 nonrefractory non P<0.001, , (P<0.001) P=0.007, P0007 P=0.007 007 (P=0.007) aminotransferasetoplatelet aminotransferase platelet APRI (APRI AFP (AFP P=0.035 P0035 035 (P=0.035 proficiency AUC (AUC 0833 833 0.83 95%CI=0.7740.892 95CI07740892 CI 95%CI=0.774 0.892 95 774 892 (95%CI=0.774-0.892 cohort 0750 750 0.75 95%CI 95CI (95%CI 0.6400.861 06400861 0.640 0.861 640 861 0.640-0.861 internalvalidation internal validation 0733 733 0.73 0.5940.872 05940872 0.594 0.872 594 872 0.594-0.872 externalvalidation external (HCC 1 P<0.00 P000 00 (P<0.001 P=0.00 (P=0.007 P=0.03 P003 03 (P=0.03 083 83 0.8 7740 95%CI=0.7740.89 95CI0774089 95CI0774 95%CI=0.77 0892 0.89 9 77 89 (95%CI=0.774-0.89 075 75 0.7 6400 0.6400.86 0640086 0640 0.64 0861 0.86 64 86 0.640-0.86 073 73 5940 0.5940.87 0594087 0594 0.59 0872 0.87 59 87 0.594-0.87 P<0.0 P00 (P<0.00 P=0.0 (P=0.00 (P=0.0 08 8 0. 95%CI=0.7740.8 95CI077408 95CI077 95%CI=0.7 089 (95%CI=0.774-0.8 07 0.6400.8 064008 064 0.6 086 6 0.640-0.8 0.5940.8 059408 059 0.5 087 5 0.594-0.8 P<0. P0 (P<0.0 P=0. (P=0. 95%CI=0.7740. 95CI07740 95CI07 95%CI=0. (95%CI=0.774-0. 0.6400. 06400 06 0.640-0. 0.5940. 05940 05 0.594-0. P<0 (P<0. P=0 (P=0 95%CI=0.7740 95CI0 95%CI=0 (95%CI=0.774-0 0.6400 0.640-0 0.5940 0.594-0 P< (P<0 P= (P= 95%CI= (95%CI=0.774- 0.640- 0.594- (P< (P (95%CI=0.774 (95%CI=0.77 (95%CI=0.7 (95%CI=0. (95%CI=0 (95%CI=

Resumo Antecedentes Fibrilação atrial (FA) é um fator de risco para isquemia cerebral. Identificar a presença de FA, especialmente em casos paroxísticos, pode demandar tempo, e não há fundamentos claros na literatura quanto ao melhor método de proceder à investigação; em locais de parcos recursos, identificar um grupo de mais alto risco de FA pode auxiliar no planejamento da investigação complementar. Objetivo Desenvolver uma ferramenta de escore para prever o risco de FA no acompanhamento após acidente vascular cerebral (AVC). Métodos Estudo longitudinal retrospectivo, com dados coletados dos prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes hospitalizados e acompanhados ambulatorialmente por isquemia cerebral, de 2014 a 2021, em um centro de AVC terciário. Foram coleados dados demográficos, clínicos, laboratoriais, de eletrocardiograma e ecocardiograma, além de dados de neuroimagem. Mediante uma regressão logística por stepwise, foram identificadas variáveis associadas. Um escore com números inteiros foi criado com base nos coeficientes beta. Calibração e validação foram realizadas para avaliar a precisão. Resultados Foram incluídos 872 pacientes na análise final. O escore foi criado com diâmetro de átrio esquerdo ≥ 42 mm (2 pontos), idade ≥ 70 anos (1 ponto), presença de aneurisma septal (2 pontos) e pontuação à admissão ≥ 6 na escala de AVC dos National Institutes of Health (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NIHSS, em inglês; 1 ponto). O escore tem pontuação que varia de 0 a 6. Pacientes com escore ≥ 2 pontos tiveram cinco vezes mais risco de terem FA detectada no acompanhamento. A área sob a curva (area under curve, AUC, em inglês) foi de 0.77 (0.72–0.85). Conclusão Pudemos estruturar uma ferramenta precisa de escore de risco de FA, a qual poderá ser validada em amostras multicêntricas em estudos futuros. (FA paroxísticos tempo recursos complementar AVC. . (AVC) retrospectivo 201 2021 terciário demográficos clínicos laboratoriais ecocardiograma neuroimagem stepwise associadas beta precisão 87 final 4 ( pontos, , 7 ponto, ponto ponto) Scale NIHSS inglês ponto. area curve AUC 077 77 0.7 0.72–0.85. 072085 0.72–0.85 72 85 (0.72–0.85) futuros (AVC 20 202 8 07 0. 07208 0.72–0.8 (0.72–0.85 0720 0.72–0. (0.72–0.8 072 0.72–0 (0.72–0. 0.72– (0.72–0 0.72 (0.72– (0.72 (0.7 (0. (0

Abstract Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for cerebral ischemia. Identifying the presence of AF, especially in paroxysmal cases, may take time and lacks clear support in the literature regarding the optimal investigative approach; in resource-limited settings, identifying a higher-risk group for AF can assist in planning further investigation. Objective To develop a scoring tool to predict the risk of incident AF in the poststroke follow-up. Methods A retrospective longitudinal study with data collected from electronic medical records of patients hospitalized and followed up for cerebral ischemia from 2014 to 2021 at a tertiary stroke center. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, electrocardiogram, and echocardiogram data, as well as neuroimaging data, were collected. Stepwise logistic regression was employed to identify associated variables. A score with integer numbers was created based on beta coefficients. Calibration and validation were performed to evaluate accuracy. Results We included 872 patients in the final analysis. The score was created with left atrial diameter ≥ 42 mm (2 points), age ≥ 70 years (1 point), presence of septal aneurysm (2 points), and score ≥ 6 points at admission on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS; 1 point). The score ranges from 0 to 6. Patients with a score ≥ 2 points had a fivefold increased risk of having AF detected in the follow-up. The area under the curve (AUC) was of 0.77 (0.72–0.85). Conclusion We were able structure an accurate risk score tool for incident AF, which could be validated in multicenter samples in future studies. (AF cases approach resourcelimited resource limited settings higherrisk higher investigation followup. followup follow up. follow-up 201 202 center Demographic clinical laboratory electrocardiogram variables coefficients accuracy 87 analysis 4 ( points, , points) 7 point, point point) NIHSS (NIHSS point. . AUC (AUC 077 77 0.7 0.72–0.85. 072085 0.72–0.85 72 85 (0.72–0.85) studies 20 8 07 0. 07208 0.72–0.8 (0.72–0.85 0720 0.72–0. (0.72–0.8 072 0.72–0 (0.72–0. 0.72– (0.72–0 0.72 (0.72– (0.72 (0.7 (0. (0

Abstract Introduction: The precision in determination of the dose using radiochromic films as a dosimeter is influenced by three main aspects: the dose delivery capacity of the radiation unit, the response of the film when exposed to radiation, and the capacity of the scanner to digitize the films and transform them into intensity values. This work focuses on the last aspect. Objective: To establish a methodology for the evaluation of the variability of the dose due to the repeatability of scans and the position of the film in the scanning area, under calibration conditions of radiochromic films for three different resolutions. Methods: Pieces of EBT3 radiochromic films were irradiated at 11 different dose values, which were scanned at 3 different resolutions, creating a calibration curve for each resolution. These curves are used to determine dose variations due to film position in the scan area and scan repeatability; for this purpose, we measured 5 dose values per film, for each of 9 images by resolution, with a total of 27 images. Results: In the three resolutions studied, uncertainties below 1% were found due to variation in the position of the film in the scanning area and uncertainty below 2% in the case of scan repeatability. Conclusions: The values obtained from the sources of uncertainty studied were not negligible; therefore, they must be included in the total uncertainty budget of the radiochromic film dose measurement process. Working with dose values eliminates the dependence on the resolution.

Resumen Introducción: La precisión en la determinación de la dosis utilizando películas radiocrómicas como dosímetro, se encuentra influenciada por: la capacidad del equipo emisor de radiación ionizante al dar la dosis deseada, la respuesta de la película al ser expuesta a la radiación y a la capacidad del escáner para digitalizar las películas y transformarlas en valores de intensidad. Este trabajo se enfoca en este último aspecto. Objetivo: Establecer una metodología para la evaluación de la variabilidad de la dosis debido a la repetibilidad de escaneos y a la posición de la película en el área de escaneo, en condiciones de calibración de las películas radiocrómicas para tres resoluciones distintas. Métodos: Irradiamos piezas de películas radiocrómicas EBT3 a 11 valores diferentes de dosis, las cuales escaneamos a tres resoluciones diferentes, creando una curva de calibración para cada resolución. Estas curvas se utilizan para determinar las variaciones en la dosis debido a la posición de la película en el área de escaneo y a la repetibilidad de escaneo; lo anterior, a partir de cinco valores de dosis medidos por película, para cada una de las nueve imágenes tomadas por resolución, siendo en total 27 imágenes. Resultados: Para las tres resoluciones estudiadas, determinamos: las curvas de calibración, incertidumbres por debajo del 1% debido a la variación de la posición de la película en el área de escaneo e incertidumbre por debajo del 2% para el caso de repetibilidad de escaneos. Conclusión: Los valores obtenidos de las fuentes de incertidumbre no fueron despreciables: deben incluirse en el presupuesto total de incertidumbre de la medición. Al usar valores de dosi,s y no intensidad o densidad óptica, se elimina la dependencia de la resolución.

RESUMEN Introducción: los factores de riesgo epidemiológicos de la enfermedad coronaria están muy relacionados con la existencia, la evolución y las complicaciones de la enfermedad. Objetivo: diseñar modelos matemáticos predictivos de la enfermedad arterial coronaria diagnosticada por calcio score a partir de variables epidemiológicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio analítico transversal. La población estuvo conformada por 820 pacientes con dolor torácico y calcio score realizado, la muestra (246) fue seleccionada por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple. Se empleó la regresión logística a partir de un modelo de regresión logística (mediante la opción paso a paso hacia delante) para cada uno de los cuatro vasos coronarios, cada modelo se ajustó a las variables y seidentificaron las que tienen coeficientes significativamente diferentes de cero (p<0,05) mediante el estadígrafo de Wald. Se estimaron los Odd Ration puntuales y por intervalos de confianza, se realizó validación interna y se exploró el rendimiento a través de la discriminación del modelo con el análisis del área bajo la curva y la calibración a través del estadígrafo Chi cuadrado de Hosmer-Lemeshow. Resultados: predominaron los mayores 60 años (61,4%), el sexo masculino (65,9%) y la hipertensión arterial (68,7%). Los modelos matemáticos para cada vaso coronario excluyen la variable edad. Son predictores importantes: la diabetes y el hábito de fumar. La técnica de validación interna respalda el buen rendimiento de los modelos matemáticos obtenidos. Conclusión: el resultado refuerza la necesidad de realizar estudios predictivos que garanticen la estratificación de riesgo cardiovascular mediante calcio score y variables epidemiológicas sobre las que se debe actuar de forma eficaz para mejorar el pronóstico de los pacientes.

ABSTRACT Introduction: epidemiological risk factors for coronary artery disease are closely related to the existence, evolution and complications of the disease. Objective: to design mathematical models predictive of coronary artery disease diagnosed by calcium score from epidemiological variables. Methods: a cross-sectional analytical study was carried out. The population consisted of 820 patients with chest pain and calcium score, the sample (246) was selected by simple random probability sampling. Logistic regression was employed from a logistic regression model (using the forward stepwise option) for each of the four coronary vessels, each model was fitted to the variables and those with coefficients significantly different from zero (p<0.05) were identified using the Wald statistic. We estimated the point Odd Ration and confidence intervals, performed internal validation and explored the performance through model discrimination with the analysis of the area under the curve and calibration through the Hosmer-Lemeshow Chi-square statistic. Results: the predominant age group was older than 60 years (61.4%), male sex (65.9%) and arterial hypertension (68.7%). The mathematical models for each coronary vessel exclude the variable age. The following are important predictors: diabetes and smoking. The internal validation technique supports the good performance of the mathematical models obtained. Conclusion: the result reinforces the need for predictive studies to ensure cardiovascular risk stratification by calcium score and epidemiological variables on which effective action should be taken to improve patient prognosis.

Abstract: Introduction: the EuroSCORE model has been used in various countries, including México, to estimate the probability of surgery-associated mortality. Several studies have shown deficiencies in its calibration while retaining good discrimination. The model was updated in 2012 and called EuroSCORE II. Objective: to evaluate the calibration and discrimination of the EuroSCORE II model in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in a high specialty hospital in México. Material and methods: an observational, cross-sectional, and retrospective study was performed. Patients ≥ 16 years old years who underwent cardiac surgery between the years 2008-2013 were included. The hospital mortality rate was obtained, and the EuroSCORE II was calculated online. Discrimination of the EuroSCORE II model was evaluated with the area under the curve of a receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC-ROC), and the calibration was assessed using χ2 of Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) goodness of fit test and risk-adjusted ratio (RAMR). Results: three hundred thirty-eight patients were included. The mean age of participants was 49.8 ± 16.61 years; 162 were women (47.9%), and 176 (52.1%) were men. Surgery types were valvular 108 (31.9%), coronary revascularization 101 (29.8%), congenital 51 (15.08%), and other 78 (23.07%). The average EuroSCORE II was 4.1 (95% CI, 3.53-4.68). Mortality observed was 10.9%. The AUC-ROC was 0.806 (95% CI, 0.739-0.872), consistent with good discrimination. The χ2 of H-L of 14.2, p = 0.08, compatible with adequate calibration. The RAMR was 2.65, indicating an underestimation of the model. Conclusion: the EuroSCORE II model showed good discrimination. The calibration was adequate according to the χ2 of H-L, but the value of the RAMR suggests that the model underestimates the risk of mortality.

Resumen: Introducción: el modelo EuroSCORE ha sido utilizado en diversas latitudes, incluido México, para estimar la probabilidad de mortalidad operatoria. Varios estudios han mostrado deficiencias en su calibración, conservando buena discriminación. El modelo fue actualizado en el 2012, llamado EuroSCORE II. Objetivo: evaluar la calibración y discriminación del modelo EuroSCORE II en pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardiaca en un hospital de tercer nivel en México. Material y métodos: estudio observacional, transversal y retrospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes ≥ 16 años operados entre 01/01/2008 y el 31/12/2013. Se registró la mortalidad hospitalaria y se calculó el puntaje de EuroSCORE II en línea. Se valoró la discriminación con el área bajo la curva (ABC) característica operativa del receptor (ROC). La calibración fue evaluada mediante prueba de χ2 de bondad de ajustes de Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) y la razón ajustada al riesgo (RAMR). Resultados: 338 pacientes, edad media de los participantes 49.8 ± 16.61 años (16-80), 162 mujeres (47.9%). Tipos de cirugía: valvular 108 (31.9%), revascularización coronaria 101 (29.8%), congénitos 51 (15.08%) y otros 78 (23.07%). El puntaje promedio EuroSCORE II fue 4.1 (IC 95%, 3.53-4.68). Mortalidad observada 10.9%. El ABC ROC fue 0.806 (IC 95%, 0.739-0.872) compatible con buena discriminación. La χ2 de H-L de 14.2, p = 0.08, compatible de calibración adecuada. La RAMR fue de 2.65, que indica infraestimación del modelo. Conclusión: el modelo EuroSCORE II mostró buena discriminación. La calibración fue adecuada de acuerdo con la χ2 de H-L pero el valor de la RAMR sugiere que el modelo infraestima el riesgo de mortalidad.

In the present study, a novel magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction method using molecularly imprinted polymer synthesized through semi-covalent imprinting approach was developed for cholesterol (CHO) determination in milk samples by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The adsorbent named Fe3O4/SiO2/MIP (MIP: molecularly imprinted polymers) was prepared through sol-gel polymerization of 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl isocyanate (ICPTES) covalently bonded to CHO with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), in the presence of Fe3O4/SiO2 particles. The adsorbent was characterized by attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The proposed molecularly imprinted polymer-based magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction method (MIP-MDSPE) was based on vortex-assisted preconcentration of 10.0 mL of CHO solution in chloroform as donor phase using 10.0 mg of Fe3O4/SiO2/MIP during 60 s. After this step, the magnetic particles were collected using a permanent magnet and the vortex-assisted elution was carried with 500 µL of ethanol during 180 s. A wide analytical curve ranging from 38.5 to 25000 µg L-1 (determination coefficient (R2) = 0.998) and low limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) 11.5 and 38.5 µg L 1, respectively, were obtained. Milk samples (whole and reduced-fat milk) were subjected to MIP-MDSPE method after saponification reaction followed by CHO extraction with chloroform. Using external calibration, the CHO concentration ranged from 99.2 (reduced-fat milk) to 397.6 mg kg 1 (whole milk) and the accuracy was attested by addition and recovery tests (92 to 97%). study solidphase solid semicovalent semi covalent (CHO highperformance high performance HPLCDAD. HPLCDAD HPLC DAD . (HPLC-DAD) Fe3O4SiO2MIP FeOSiOMIP Fe3O4 SiO2 MIP Fe O SiO (MIP polymers solgel sol gel 3triethoxysilylpropyl triethoxysilylpropyl 3 triethoxysilyl propyl ICPTES (ICPTES TEOS, TEOS , (TEOS) Fe3O4SiO2 FeOSiO Fe3O4/SiO ATRFTIR, ATRFTIR ATR FTIR (ATR-FTIR) Xray X ray XRD, XRD (XRD) DLS (DLS SEM. SEM (SEM) polymerbased MIPMDSPE MDSPE (MIP-MDSPE vortexassisted vortex assisted 100 10 0 10. 6 s step 50 18 385 38 5 38. 2500 L1 L- R2 R (R2 0.998 0998 998 LOD (LOD LOQ (LOQ 115 11 11. respectively obtained whole reducedfat reduced fat calibration 992 99 2 99. 3976 397 397. 92 (9 97%. 97 97% 97%) (HPLC-DAD FeO Fe3O (TEOS Fe3O4SiO (ATR-FTIR (XRD (SEM 250 (R 0.99 099 9 39 ( 25 0.9 09 0.