Abstract Introduction: Recent ecological studies have found a positive correlation between habitat structure and animal communities that inhabit them. Generally, such studies try to test the hypotheses that animal species diversity increases in complex and heterogeneous habitats since they may provide more potential niches that structurally simpler habitats. Objective: In this research, the effect of habitat complexity and heterogeneity, and structural habitat characteristics on the butterfly community (Papilionoidea) inhabiting three vegetation covers (shrubs, highland forest and paramo) was evaluated in high-montane ecosystems of the Central Cordillera, Antioquia department, Colombia. Methods: From January to July 2012, butterflies were systematically sampled using Van Someren Rydon traps. Simultaneously, complexity, heterogeneity, and vegetation structure were quantified using 0.04 ha circular plots established around the traps. Results: We reported 108 species, 48 genus and five families of butterflies. Butterfly richness and abundance were sensible to both complexity and heterogeneity of the vegetation covers, as well as to changes in the vegetation structure, showing strong correlations with habitat characteristics. Butterfly diversity was highest in the shrub habitat (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), followed by the highland forest (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) and paramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Moreover, richness and abundance of butterfly species were positively associated with the increase in canopy cover and vegetation density in horizontal and vertical strata. Conclusion: These findings underline the importance of preserving the heterogeneity of habitats and vegetation structure in the Andean high-montane ecosystems to maintain the diversity and abundance of butterflies, highlighting the need for conservation and management policies that consider the complexity and diversity of these ecosystems.

Resumen Introducción: Recientes investigaciones han mostrado correlaciones positivas entre la estructura del hábitat y las comunidades animales que los habitan. Generalmente, estos estudios evalúan la hipótesis de una mayor diversidad de animales en hábitats complejos y heterogéneos, ya que éstos pueden ofrecer un mayor número de nichos potenciales a diferencia de aquellos estructuralmente más simples. Objetivo: Se evaluó el efecto de la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura del hábitat sobre una comunidad de mariposas diurnas (Papilionoidea) en tres tipos de coberturas vegetales (rastrojo, bosque y páramo) ubicadas en ecosistemas de alta montaña sobre la cordillera Central, departamento de Antioquia, Colombia. Métodos: Entre enero y julio del 2012, se realizaron capturas de mariposas utilizando trampas Van Someren Rydon y se cuantificó la complejidad, la heterogeneidad y la estructura de la vegetación a partir de parcelas circulares de 0.04 ha establecidas alrededor de las trampas. Resultados: Se reportó un total de 108 especies, 48 géneros y cinco familias de mariposas. La riqueza y la abundancia de especies de mariposas fueron sensibles tanto a la complejidad y heterogeneidad de las coberturas vegetales como a los cambios en la estructura de la vegetación, mostrando fuertes correlaciones con las características del hábitat. El rastrojo presentó la mayor diversidad de mariposas (1D = 25.02; 2D = 11.97), seguido por el bosque (1D = 15.83; 2D = 9.42) y el páramo (1D = 12.36; 2D = 7.86). Adicionalmente, la riqueza y abundancia de mariposas se asoció positivamente con la cobertura de dosel y la densidad de vegetación de los estratos verticales y horizontales. Conclusión: Estos resultados subrayan la importancia de conservar la heterogeneidad de los hábitats y la estructura vegetal en los ecosistemas de alta montaña andinos, para mantener la diversidad y abundancia de las mariposas, resaltando la necesidad de políticas de conservación y manejo que consideren la complejidad y diversidad de estos ecosistemas.

Abstract: Background: Plants emit floral signals that are attractive to pollinators. Floral volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are considered a key signal in attracting pollinators. However, it has been scarcely explored whether flowers of the same color emit the same scent. Questions: Do different species of Salvia with white corolla flowers emit the same floral scent and attract the same floral visitors? Study species: Salvia assurgens and Salvia madrigalii, two species with white corolla but different floral morphology. Study site: Temperate forest southeast of Morelia, Michoacán. Methods: The floral scent was analyzed by gas/mass chromatography and floral visitor observations were carried out with video cameras. Results: The chemical profile of floral scent (composition and relative quantity) differed between S. assurgens and S. madrigalii. In S. madrigalii we found 16 VOCs and it was visited exclusively by the hummingbird Amazilia beryllina, and in S. assurgens we found 11 VOCs and it was visited by four species of insects, being the butterfly Thorybes dorantes the most frequent visitor. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that floral volatiles were significantly correlated with the visitation rate of floral visitors. Conclusions: Our study shows evidence that Salvia species with white corolla flowers with different morphology emit different floral scents and attract particular floral visitors.

Resumen Antecedentes: Las plantas emiten señales florales que resultan atractivas para los polinizadores. Los compuestos volátiles orgánicos florales (COVs), son considerados como una señal clave en la atracción de polinizadores. Sin embargo, ha sido escasamente explorado si las flores de especies del mismo género con el mismo color emiten el mismo aroma y atraen a los mismos visitantes florales. Preguntas: ¿Las especies de Salvia con flores de corola blanca, emiten el mismo aroma floral y a su vez atraen a los mismos visitantes florales? Especie de estudio: Salvia assurgens y S. madrigalii, dos especies de corola blanca pero con distinta morfología floral. Sitio de estudio: Bosque templado al sureste de Morelia, Michoacán. Métodos: El aroma floral se analizó por cromatografía de gases/masas y la observación de visitantes florales se realizó con cámaras de video. Resultados: El perfil químico del aroma floral (composición y cantidad relativa de COVs) difirió significativamente entre S. assurgens y S. madrigalii. En S. madrigalii encontramos 16 COVs y fue visitada exclusivamente por el colibrí Amazilia beryllina y en S. assurgens encontramos 11 COVs y fue visitada por cuatro especies de insectos, siendo el más frecuente la mariposa Thorybes dorantes. El análisis de correspondencia canónica (ACC) mostró que los volátiles florales se correlacionaron significativamente con la frecuencia de visita de los visitantes florales. Conclusiones: Nuestro estudio muestra evidencia que las flores blancas de Salvia de distintas especies con distinta morfología emiten diferente aroma floral y a su vez atrae a visitantes florales particulares.

Abstract Introduction Reforestation and restoration of forest ecosystems are increasingly difficult with climate change. Objective Define seed transfer zones for reforestation in the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve and the ‘Sembrando Vida’ program in the Meseta Purépecha to mitigate climate change. Materials and methods Maps were generated to visualize where the ideal climate conditions for reforestation are projected to occur (RCP 4.5 scenario, 2050) at different sites using seedlings collected in delimited areas under a reference climate (1961-1990). A climate zone system was used (based on the temperature of the coldest month and an aridity index) and layers of suitable climatic habitat for Pinus pseudostrobus and Abies religiosa for the reference (1961-1990) and projected (2060 decade) period. Results and discussion The areas to be reforested will be warmer in the future, requiring seed from sites, on average, 3 °C warmer. A reduction of approximately 50 % of the area of climatically favorable habitat for P. pseudostrobus and A. religiosa was estimated. This reduction occurs at the lower altitudinal limit called the 'xeric limit’; therefore, it will be necessary to replace them with species adapted to warmer sites. Conclusions Moving seed sources from warmer (+3 °C) and drier sites to currently wetter and cooler planting sites is recommended. This provides a useful tool for deciding the seed source under adaptive forest management facing climate change.

Resumen Introducción La reforestación y restauración de los ecosistemas forestales son cada vez más difíciles en el contexto del cambio climático. Objetivos Definir zonas de transferencia de semillas para reforestación en la Reserva de la Biosfera Mariposa Monarca y el programa ‘Sembrando Vida’ en la Meseta Purépecha, para compensar el cambio climático. Materiales y métodos Se generaron mapas para visualizar dónde se predicen las condiciones climáticas idóneas para la reforestación con plántulas de semilla colectada en zonas delimitadas bajo un clima de referencia (1961-1990) que se proyecta ocurrirá (escenario RCP 4.5, 2050) en sitios distintos. Se utilizó una zonificación climática (basada en la temperatura del mes más frío e índice de aridez) y capas de hábitat climático propicio para Pinus pseudostrobus y Abies religiosa del periodo de referencia (1961-1990) y proyectado (década 2060). Resultados y discusión Las áreas por reforestar serán más cálidas en el futuro, por lo que se requiere semilla de sitios, en promedio, 3 °C más cálidos. Se estimó una reducción de aproximadamente 50 % de la superficie del hábitat climático propicio de P. pseudostrobus y A. religiosa. Tal reducción ocurre en el límite inferior altitudinal denominado ‘límite xérico’, por lo que será necesario el reemplazo de estas por especies adaptadas a sitios más cálidos. Conclusiones Se recomienda el traslado de las fuentes de semillas de lugares más cálidos (+3 °C) y secos a sitios de plantación actualmente más húmedos y fríos. Este enfoque proporciona una herramienta útil para decidir la fuente de semilla bajo un manejo forestal adaptativo ante el cambio climático.

Abstract: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder that typically presents with cholestasis, cardiac, ocular, skeletal, vascular and renal abnormalities, and distinct facial features. Most cases are due to variants in the JAG1 gene, with only a small percentage involving a complete gene deletion. Objective: to contribute to the phenotype delineation and interpretation of a microdeletion not previously described in the literature on chromosome 20. Clinical Case: A 4-month-old female patient was diagnosed with a heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed pulmonary artery stenosis, which, combined with a prominent forehead observed on physical examination, determined her referral to clinical genetics. Because ALGS was suspected, complementary studies were performed, revealing butterfly vertebras and a genetic panel identified a pathogenic heterozygous deletion, encompassing the entire coding sequence of the JAG1 gene. To rule out a more extensive deletion, a chromosome microarray was performed, confirming a pathogenic microdeletion on chromosome 20 of 378 kb (arr[GRCh37] 20p12.2(10414643_10792802)x1). Conclusions: A targeted sequencing panel followed by confirmation with a chromosome microarray allowed the identification and delineation of a pathogenic microdeletion not previously reported in the literature, including the complete JAG1 gene in a Chilean patient whose phenotype is consistent with ALGS.

Resumen: El síndrome de Alagille (SALG) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante y multisistémica, que suele manifestarse con colestasia, anomalías cardiacas, oculares, esqueléticas, vasculares, renales y rasgos faciales particulares. La mayoría de los casos se deben a variantes en el gen JAG1, siendo muy pocas de ellas deleciones completas del gen. Objetivo: Contribuir a la delimitación fenotípica e interpretación de una microdeleción no descrita previamente en la literatura en el cromosoma 20. Caso Clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, a quién a los 4 meses de vida se le detectó un soplo cardíaco. El ecocardiograma evidenció estenosis de ramas pulmonares, lo que, junto con el hallazgo de una frente prominente en el examen físico, motivó su derivación a genética clínica. Debido a la sospecha de SALG, se realizaron estudios complementarios que revelaron vértebras en mariposa y un panel genético que identificó una deleción patogénica en heterocigosis, abarcando toda la secuencia codificante del gen JAG1. Para descartar una deleción más extensa, se realizó un cariotipo molecular confirmándose una microdeleción patogénica en el cromosoma 20 de 378 kb (arr[GRCh37] 20p12.2(10414643_10792802)x1). Conclusiones: La secuenciación con panel dirigido y posterior confirmación con microarreglo para cariotipo molecular, permitieron identificar y delimitar una microdeleción patogénica no reportada previamente en la literatura, la cual incluye el gen JAG1 completo, en una paciente chilena cuyo fenotipo es concordante con SALG.

Abstract: Alagille syndrome (ALGS) is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder that typically presents with cholestasis, cardiac, ocular, skeletal, vascular and renal abnormalities, and distinct facial features. Most cases are due to variants in the JAG1 gene, with only a small percentage involving a complete gene deletion. Objective: to contribute to the phenotype delineation and interpretation of a microdeletion not previously described in the literature on chromosome 20. Clinical Case: A 4-month-old female patient was diagnosed with a heart murmur. An echocardiogram revealed pulmonary artery stenosis, which, combined with a prominent forehead observed on physical examination, determined her referral to clinical genetics. Because ALGS was suspected, complementary studies were performed, revealing butterfly vertebras and a genetic panel identified a pathogenic heterozygous deletion, encompassing the entire coding sequence of the JAG1 gene. To rule out a more extensive deletion, a chromosome microarray was performed, confirming a pathogenic microdeletion on chromosome 20 of 378 kb (arr[GRCh37] 20p12.2(10414643_10792802)x1). Conclusions: A targeted sequencing panel followed by confirmation with a chromosome microarray allowed the identification and delineation of a pathogenic microdeletion not previously reported in the literature, including the complete JAG1 gene in a Chilean patient whose phenotype is consistent with ALGS.

Resumen: El síndrome de Alagille (SALG) es una enfermedad autosómica dominante y multisistémica, que suele manifestarse con colestasia, anomalías cardiacas, oculares, esqueléticas, vasculares, renales y rasgos faciales particulares. La mayoría de los casos se deben a variantes en el gen JAG1, siendo muy pocas de ellas deleciones completas del gen. Objetivo: Contribuir a la delimitación fenotípica e interpretación de una microdeleción no descrita previamente en la literatura en el cromosoma 20. Caso Clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino, a quién a los 4 meses de vida se le detectó un soplo cardíaco. El ecocardiograma evidenció estenosis de ramas pulmonares, lo que, junto con el hallazgo de una frente prominente en el examen físico, motivó su derivación a genética clínica. Debido a la sospecha de SALG, se realizaron estudios complementarios que revelaron vértebras en mariposa y un panel genético que identificó una deleción patogénica en heterocigosis, abarcando toda la secuencia codificante del gen JAG1. Para descartar una deleción más extensa, se realizó un cariotipo molecular confirmándose una microdeleción patogénica en el cromosoma 20 de 378 kb (arr[GRCh37] 20p12.2(10414643_10792802)x1). Conclusiones: La secuenciación con panel dirigido y posterior confirmación con microarreglo para cariotipo molecular, permitieron identificar y delimitar una microdeleción patogénica no reportada previamente en la literatura, la cual incluye el gen JAG1 completo, en una paciente chilena cuyo fenotipo es concordante con SALG.

Resumo A borboleta azul séria, Chilades pandava – Horsfield, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), é considerada uma das principais pragas de insetos destrutivas para as palmeiras ornamentais Cycas e Zamia. Medidas biológicas e morfológicas foram realizadas em estádios de C. pandava criados em Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) e Zamia encephalartoides (Zamiaceae). Nos detalhes da descrição, variações não significativas foram registradas entre os dois gêneros de borboleta azul cicadácea nos dados obtidos, mas o adulto masculino era mais densamente azul ou violeta do que o adulto feminino. Com o auxílio do MEV, C. pandava, todos os estágios foram diferenciados por pelos longos e grossos que cobriam todo o corpo. Os caracteres morfométricos a saber, comprimento, largura e venação das asas, comprimento do corpo, asa anterior e posterior, podem servir de guia para a discriminação taxonômica.Os dados mostraram que a duração do ciclo de vida de C. pandava variou entre 20,64 e 21,7 dias. Os períodos de desenvolvimento dos diferentes estágios de C. pandava são ligeiramente maiores em zamia do que em cicas. Essa investigação detectou que uma alta taxa de sobrevivência foi encontrada em palmeiras Cycas (86%) do que a taxa de sobrevivência registrada em palmeiras Zamia (82%). No presente estudo, os caracteres morfométricos descritos podem servir de guia para a discriminação taxonômica dessa praga. Consequentemente, este estudo agregou um conhecimento valioso sobre C. pandava para ter decisões acertadas para a proposta de seu manejo e conservação no Egito.

Abstract The serious blue butterfly, Chilades pandava -Horsfield, 1829- (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is consider one of the main destructive insect pests for ornamental palms Cycas and Zamia. Biological and morphological measurements were carried out of C. pandava stages reared on Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) and Zamia encephalartoides (Zamiaceae). In description details, non-significant variations were recorded between the two gender of cycad blue butterfly in the obtained data, but the male adult was more densely blue or violet than female adult. By the aid of SEM, C. pandava all stages were distinct by long and thick hairs covered all the body. The morphometric characters namely, length, width and venation of wings, body length, forewing, hindwing could be as a guide for taxonomic discrimination. The data showed that the life cycle duration of C. pandava was ranged between 20.64 to 21.7 days. The developmental periods of different C. pandava stages are slightly higher on zamia than cycas palms. This investigation detected that a high survival rate was found on Cycas palms (86%) than the survived rate recording on Zamia palms (82%). In the present study, the described morphometric characters could be used as a guide for taxonomic discrimination of this pest. Consequently, this study added a valuable knowledge about C. pandava to have sound decisions for proposal of its management and conservation in Egypt.

Abstract This article stems from interviews conducted with Chinese women residing in Lisbon, aged 18-34, during the initial phase of fieldwork (2021/2022). As an outcome of my Anthropology Ph.D. project, the focus here is on comprehending the perception of Asian women within the realm of everyday life as fetishized entities and how they persist in (re)shaping their identities. By primarily examining visual “yellow fever” depictions (in Hollywood cinema through films like “The World of Suzie Wong”, “Madame Butterfly”, “Miss Saigon”, and the “Year of the Dragon”, along with interracial Pornography), I endeavor to delve into the impact of “race”, “sexual fetishization”, and the ubiquitous propagation of stereotypical imagery on the lives of the individuals I engage with. Lisbon 1834, 1834 18 34, 34 18-34 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2021 2022 (2021/2022) PhD Ph D Ph.D project reshaping re shaping identities yellow fever The Wong, Wong , Wong” Madame Butterfly, Butterfly Butterfly” Miss Saigon, Saigon Saigon” Year Dragon, Dragon Dragon” Pornography, Pornography Pornography) race, race “race” sexual fetishization, fetishization fetishization” 183 1 3 18-3 2021202 2021/202 202 (2021/2022 “race 18- 202120 2021/20 20 (2021/202 20212 2021/2 2 (2021/20 2021/ (2021/2 (2021/ (2021 (202 (20 (2 (

Resumo Este artigo provém das entrevistas realizadas com mulheres Chinesas residentes em Lisboa, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 e os 34 anos, no decorrer da primeira fase do trabalho de campo (2021/2022). Resultante do meu projeto de Doutoramento em Antropologia aqui busco compreender como mulheres asiáticas são observadas na experiência do quotidiano enquanto organismos fetichizados e como seguem (re)construindo as suas identidades. Percorrendo essencialmente representações visuais da “yellow fever” (o cinema de Hollywood em filmes como “O Mundo de Suzie Wong”, “Madame Butterfly”, “Miss Saigon” e “Year of the Dragon” e a pornografia inter-racial) procuro explorar como a “raça”, a “fetichização sexual” e as imagens estereotipadas exaustivamente disseminadas, afetam a vida das minhas interlocutoras. Lisboa 1 3 anos 2021/2022. 20212022 2021/2022 . 2021 2022 (2021/2022) reconstruindo re construindo identidades yellow fever o O Wong, Wong , Wong” Madame Butterfly, Butterfly Butterfly” Miss Saigon Year Dragon interracial inter racial inter-racial raça, raça “raça” fetichização sexual disseminadas interlocutoras 2021202 2021/202 202 (2021/2022 “raça 202120 2021/20 20 (2021/202 20212 2021/2 2 (2021/20 2021/ (2021/2 (2021/ (2021 (202 (20 (2 (

Resumo Atualmente, no cenário da comunicação e saúde, pacientes ascendem às plataformas digitais para produzir conteúdo, interagir, buscar informações e criar uma comunidade de apoio. Nesse contexto, esses sujeitos elaboram a si mesmos e a enfermidades com base em diferentes sentidos produzidos e postos em circulação. Diante do exposto, este artigo tem como objetivo investigar como se constituem as experiências comunicacionais de pacientes com Síndrome de Turner (ST) e de seus familiares no contexto da midiatização da saúde, assim como averiguar como estas configuram o processo de circulação exacerbada. Para tanto, foram analisados comentários da página do Facebook da Turner Syndrome Global Alliance e do canal do YouTube Butterfly TV. Assim, a Circulação Exacerbada pode ser compreendida como uma processualidade na qual há a exaltação, o redimensionamento, a reconfiguração e o reforço dos sentidos por meio dos aspectos da vida íntima dos sujeitos. É por meio dela que sentidos são modificados e criados sobre o viver com a desordem cromossômica. Ou seja, a circulação exacerbada permite que as pacientes meninas e mulheres elaborem a si mesmas e deem novas configurações ao que é ter ST. Isso muda a relação de poderes existentes, colocando as pacientes como protagonistas no processo de compreender essa doença rara. Atualmente saúde conteúdo interagir apoio exposto ST (ST tanto TV Assim exaltação redimensionamento cromossômica seja existentes rara

Abstract Currently, in the communication and health scenario, patients turn to digital platforms to produce content, interact, seek information and create a support community. In this context, these subjects elaborate themselves and illnesses based on different meanings produced and put into circulation. Given the above, this article aims to investigate how the communicational experiences of patients with Turner Syndrome (TS) and their families are constituted in the context of health mediatization, as well as to investigate how these configure the process of exacerbated circulation. To this end, comments from the Turner Syndrome Global Alliance Facebook page and the Butterfly TV YouTube channel were analyzed. Thus, exacerbated circulation can be understood as a process in which there is exaltation, resizing, reconfiguration and reinforcement of the senses through aspects of the subjects’ intimate lives. It is through exacerbated circulation that meanings about living with a chromosomal disorder are modified and created. In other words, exacerbated circulation allows these girls and women to elaborate themselves and create new understandings of what it is to have TS. This changes power relations, placing patients as protagonists in the process of comprehending this rare disease. Currently scenario content interact community above TS (TS mediatization end analyzed Thus exaltation resizing lives created words relations disease

Abstract The present study aims to disclose the importance existing protected areas (PAs) and their level of protection for the conservation of the threatened Brazilian butterflies. A total of 898 occurrence records were found for all 63 species of butterflies present in the current Brazilian Red list. For all studied taxa, at least one occurrence record is within the limits of a PA. More than half of the occurrence records (61.9%) are within the limits of PAs, but less than half (41.7%) of these records are present in fully protected areas. For 17 taxa (27%), less than 50% of their records are within PAs, thus being completely unprotected. For butterfly taxa in the category “critically endangered”, 42.6% of their occurrence records falls outside PAs. Almost 99% of the records are concentrated in the Atlantic Forest and the Cerrado, the two most threatened Brazilian biomes and global hostspots of biodiversity. In conclusion, the present study showed an important panorama of how threatened Brazilian butterflies are protected (or not). Anyway, it is important to highlight that for any record inside a PA, some level of protection is provided for these taxa against the advance of environmental destruction caused by human activities. PAs (PAs 89 6 list PA 61.9% 619 61 9 (61.9% 41.7% 417 41 7 (41.7% 1 27%, 27 27% , (27%) 50 unprotected critically endangered, endangered endangered” 426 42 42.6 99 Cerrado biodiversity conclusion or not. not . not) Anyway activities 8 61.9 (61.9 41.7 4 (41.7 2 (27% 5 42. 61. (61. 41. (41. (27 (61 (41 (2 (6 (4 (

Resumen Últimamente se ha descrito una disminución de la abundancia y diversidad de insectos, así como una alteración del régimen de incendios forestales. Debido a la sensibilidad de las mariposas a los cambios ambientales, se estudió la riqueza de mariposas en 2 bosques, uno afectado por un incendio y otro sin indicios de fuego. Mediante el muestreo en transectos, así como la captura de mariposas con trampas durante las 4 estaciones del año, se determinó la diversidad florística y de mariposas. El análisis de los datos obtenidos mostró que el bosque con fuego presentaba una mayor diversidad de flores y mariposas que el área control. Comparando los 2 bosques, se confirmó una disimilitud de 27% y 41% entre la riqueza de especies de flores y mariposas, respectivamente. Además, se observó una variación significativa en la presencia de flores y mariposas a lo largo del año en el área quemada, la cual no fue significativa en el área control. Por lo tanto, es importante estudiar el efecto de los incendios forestales en la diversidad vegetal y animal, y considerar sus resultados en los planes de manejo forestal.

Abstract Recently, a decrease in insect abundance and diversity has been described, as well as an alteration of the forest fire regime. Due to the sensitivity of butterflies to environmental changes, we studied the richness of butterflies in two forests, one affected by fire and the other without signs of fire. By means of transect sampling and butterfly trapping during the 4 seasons of the year, the floristic and butterfly diversity was determined. The analysis of the data obtained showed that the forest with fire had a greater diversity of flowers and butterflies than the control area. Comparing the 2 forests, a dissimilarity of 27% and 41% was confirmed between the species richness of flowers and butterflies, respectively. In addition, a significant variation in the presence of flowers and butterflies was observed throughout the year in the burned area, which was not significant in the control area. Therefore, it is important to study the effect of forest fires on plant and animal diversity, and to consider their results in forest management plans.

Abstract The purpose of this essay is to discuss the relationship between discourse research and language teaching and learning in the field of Applied Linguistics. To do so, in an overflow of the subject’s vision, I return to the master’s research “From the death of the caterpillar to the mosaic of the butterfly: polyphony in the literary text” (Rodrigues, 1992) to demonstrate that the research of enunciative heterogeneity in the literary discourse in short stories and chronicles was motivated by a question arising from the pedagogical practice: the place of the text in the Portuguese Language curricular component for teaching and learning classes of language practices, in this case, textual production. The essay is developed around two topics: the field of Applied Linguistics (historical moments and research objects) and the resumption of the master’s research to demonstrate the study of literary discourse motivated by language teaching and learning. so subjects subject s vision masters master From butterfly Rodrigues, Rodrigues (Rodrigues 1992 practice practices case production topics historical objects 199 19 1

Resumo O objetivo deste ensaio é discutir a relação das pesquisas em discurso e em ensino e aprendizagem de línguas no campo da Linguística Aplicada. Para tanto, em um excedente de visão do sujeito, retomo a pesquisa de mestrado “Da morte da lagarta ao mosaico da borboleta: a polifonia no texto literário” (Rodrigues, 1992) para demonstrar que a pesquisa da heterogeneidade enunciativa no discurso literário em contos e crônicas foi motivada por uma questão advinda da prática pedagógica: o lugar do texto no componente curricular Língua Portuguesa para as aulas de ensino e aprendizagem das práticas de linguagem, no caso, a produção textual. Para dar conta do objetivo proposto, o ensaio desenvolve-se em torno de dois tópicos: o campo da Linguística Aplicada (momentos históricos e objetos de pesquisa) e a retomada da pesquisa de mestrado, com vistas a demonstrar o estudo do discurso literário motivado pelo ensino e aprendizagem de língua. tanto sujeito Da borboleta Rodrigues, Rodrigues (Rodrigues 1992 pedagógica linguagem caso textual proposto desenvolvese desenvolve se tópicos momentos língua 199 19 1

Resumen El propósito de este ensayo es discutir la relación entre la investigación del discurso y la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de lenguas en el campo de la Lingüística Aplicada. Para ello, en un desbordamiento de la visión del sujeto, vuelvo a la investigación de maestría “De la muerte de la oruga al mosaico de la mariposa: la polifonía en el texto literario” (Rodrigues, 1992) para demostrar que la investigación de la heterogeneidad enunciativa en el discurso literario en cuentos y crónicas fue motivada por una cuestión que surge de la práctica pedagógica: el lugar del texto en el componente curricular de lengua portuguesa para clases de enseñanza y aprendizaje de prácticas lingüísticas, en este caso, producción textual. Para lograr el objetivo propuesto, el ensayo se desarrolla en torno a dos temas: el campo de la Lingüística Aplicada (momentos históricos y objetos de investigación) y la reanudación de la investigación de maestría, con miras a demostrar el estudio del discurso literario motivado por enseñanza y aprendizaje de idiomas. ello sujeto De mariposa Rodrigues, Rodrigues (Rodrigues 1992 pedagógica lingüísticas caso textual propuesto temas momentos idiomas 199 19 1

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of butterfly pea inclusion on the fermentation dynamics, nutritional quality and aerobic stability of mixed elephant grass silages. Butterfly pea levels (0, 20, 40, 60 and 80% on a natural matter basis) were added to elephant grass silages. A completely randomized design was adopted, with 5 treatments and 3 replications, totaling 15 experimental silos, which were opened after 30 days of fermentation. The inclusion of butterfly pea in elephant grass silages resulted in a quadratic effect for permeability, density, maximum pH, final pH, time to reach maximum temperature and aerobic stability (P<0.05). Butterfly pea inclusion levels increased dry matter recovery, pH, dry matter, organic matter, ether extract, crude protein and total digestible nutrients (P<0.001) and reduced gas and effluent losses, mineral matter, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin and total carbohydrates (P<0.001). Inclusions of 40, 60 and 80% of butterfly pea provided temperature increases at 10, 20, 30 and 40 hours. The inclusion of butterfly pea with levels of up to 80% reduces fermentation losses, allows for a nutritional increase and increase in aerobic stability of silages. dynamics 0, 0 (0 20 6 80 basis adopted replications 1 silos permeability density pH P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 . 05 (P<0.05) recovery extract P<0.001 P0001 001 (P<0.001 losses fiber hemicellulose cellulose P<0.001. 10 4 hours ( 2 8 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 P<0.00 P000 00 (P<0.00 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 P<0 (P<0. P< (P<0 (P< (P

Resumo Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da inclusão de cunhã na dinâmica fermentativa, qualidade nutricional e estabilidade aeróbia de silagens mistas de capim-elefante. Níveis de cunhã (0, 20, 40, 60 e 80% na matéria natural) foram adicionados às silagens de capim-elefante. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com 5 tratamentos e 3 repetições, totalizando 15 silos experimentais, que foram abertos após 30 dias de fermentação. A inclusão de cunhã nas silagens de capim-elefante resultou em efeito quadrático para permeabilidade, densidade, pH máximo, pH final, tempo para atingir a temperatura máxima e estabilidade aeróbia (P<0,05). Níveis de inclusão de cunhã aumentaram a recuperação de matéria seca, pH, matéria seca, matéria orgânica, extrato etéreo, proteína bruta e nutrientes digestíveis totais (P<0,001) e reduziram as perdas por gases e efluentes, matéria mineral, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, hemicelulose, celulose, lignina e carboidratos totais (P<0,001). As inclusões de 40, 60 e 80% de cunhã proporcionaram aumentos de temperatura às 10, 20, 30 e 40 horas. A inclusão de cunhã em teores de até 80% reduz as perdas na fermentação, permite incremento nutricional e aumento da estabilidade aeróbica das silagens. Objetivouse Objetivou se fermentativa capimelefante. capimelefante capim elefante. elefante 0, 0 (0 20 6 80 natural Adotouse Adotou casualizado repetições 1 experimentais fermentação permeabilidade densidade máximo final P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 . 05 (P<0,05) seca orgânica etéreo P<0,001 P0001 001 (P<0,001 efluentes mineral neutro ácido hemicelulose celulose P<0,001. 10 4 horas ( 2 8 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 P<0,00 P000 00 (P<0,00 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 P<0 (P<0, P< (P<0 (P< (P

ABSTRACT Diversifying pastures with forage legumes may reduce nitrogen fertilization due to biological N fixation. This study aimed to quantify forage accumulation rate and macronutrients extraction and to identify the best intercropping combination between butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) – a legume, and three warm-season forage grasses of different growth habits (signalgrass – Urochloa decumbunes, Guinea grass - Mega thyrsus maximus, and bermudagrass Cynodon dactylon). Treatments consisted of mixes of perennial herbaceous legume, butterfly pea (twining stem), with grasses, signalgrass (decumbent stem) and Guinea grass (erect stem), and bermudagrass (stoloniferous/rhizomatous). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design, with three treatments and three replications. There was interaction between the intercropping combinations and cutting cycles for forage accumulation rate (FAR) and N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S uptake. Phosphorus and K uptake was reduced from the second cycle onwards, except for the signalgrass-butterfly pea intercropping, whose reduction was only from the third cycle. Conversely, the signalgrass-butterfly pea and bermudagrass-butterfly pea intercropping did not differ from each other in relation to total N concentration in soil, but the signalgrass-butterfly pea intercropping showed total N concentration in soil higher than that of Guinea grass-butterfly pea intercropping. A higher predominance of the N-NH4+ form was observed in the soil. Grass-legume intercropping increased the demand for nutrients, which makes it indispensable to verify the export of macronutrients to know when to supply these nutrients removed from the soil solution. fixation Clitoria ternatea legume warmseason warm season decumbunes maximus dactylon. dactylon . dactylon) twining stem, stem , decumbent erect stoloniferous/rhizomatous. stoloniferousrhizomatous stoloniferous/rhizomatous stoloniferous rhizomatous (stoloniferous/rhizomatous) design replications FAR (FAR P Ca Mg onwards signalgrassbutterfly Conversely bermudagrassbutterfly grassbutterfly NNH4+ NNH4 NNH NH4+ NH4 NH N-NH4 Grasslegume Grass solution (stoloniferous/rhizomatous N-NH

ABSTRACT The present paper describes the immature stages of the Neotropical satyrine butterfly Euptychia boulleti (Le Cerf, 1919) from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Eggs were laid singly on the under surface of the fronds of its host plant, Selaginella muscosa Spring (Lycopodiopsida: Selaginellaceae). Larvae are solitary in all instars, with a color pattern and shape that make them cryptic on their host plants. The pupa is short and smooth, green with black and white markings. Although the adults are very divergent in wing pattern, the immature stages are very similar to those of other species in the genus Euptychia Hübner, 1818. The present study added over 20 more records of E. boulleti, adding two additional sites for this species. Based on all available records, the EOO (extent of occurrence) has an increase of 13% and AOO (area of occupancy) an increase of 20% compared to previous estimates. Identifying additional E. boulleti populations could be important for conservation efforts of this species, especially if these are in fully protected areas. Le Cerf 1919 Forest plant Lycopodiopsida (Lycopodiopsida Selaginellaceae. Selaginellaceae . Selaginellaceae) instars plants smooth markings Hübner 1818 2 E extent occurrence 13 area occupancy estimates areas 191 181 1 19 18

BACKGROUND: This study focuses on diversifying fixed income attribution beyond yield and duration by identifying new risk premia applicable to various investment strategies. AIM: To identify cross-sectional bond risk factors in the South African sovereign bond market, capitalising on non-parallel shifts during high-risk macroeconomic events, developing a strategy to extract persistent alpha from higher order interest rate risks and disproving the strong efficient market hypothesis. SETTING: This study finds that during high-risk macro events, non-parallel shifts increase in frequency. Empirical evidence suggests that post the 2008 financial crisis, there have been increased occurrences of risk-on/off events and researchers believe high risk macro events will increase in prominence. As such, most active US fixed income managers have reduced duration risk (from parallel shifts) in favour of alternative risk premia. METHOD: This study exploits slope and curvature risks, by utilising a butterfly strategy. Ten bond risk factors are back-tested and analysed during interest rate cycles, curve scenarios and risk-off periods from 1998 to 2023. RESULTS: The top-ranked strategies displayed strong and persistent outperformance over the bottom-ranked strategies for most of the bond factors especially during risk-on episodes. The Bond All-Factor Rank demonstrated improved diversification by balancing upside and downside risks. Trade costs are an important factor that requires pragmatic management. CONCLUSION: Geopolitical risks are increasing in frequency and developing a strategy to exploit non-parallel risk premia is an attractive proposition. CONTRIBUTION: This study identified new bond risk factors beyond the conventional spread factor to extract non-parallel risk premia.