Universities face the challenges of substantial reforms such as new managerialism, corporatism, neoliberalism, McDonaldisation, entrepreneurialism, massification, decolonisation, and many other approaches, philosophies, and practices that influence the original idea of the university. In competitive environments, new managerialism in the public sector can be a means of achieving more efficient, flexible, and adaptable management, thus, the permeation and manifestation of new managerialism in public higher education engender business practices and private-sector ideas. Furthermore, these transformations include globalisation and internationalisation, mass participation and vocational credentialing; business-like administration and internal product and performance regimes; quasi-market competition between institutions; and the part marketisation of teaching and research and services. These managerialist ideas, embedded in a neo-liberal conception of globalisation, have specific implications for higher education in the sense that they have the potential to limit contribution to future public administration research and graduate products to serve as public servants. Compounding the situation is academic capitalism, academic entrepreneurs, entrepreneurial academics and the commodification and commoditisation of a public good (education). Furthermore, even research universities seem to be giving way to entrepreneurial universities and are associated with the emergence of corporate universities. The university's entrepreneurial behaviour is seen in professors' perspectives on the university's role in knowledge dissemination -innovation agents being entrepreneurial academics and academic entrepreneurs - the former resembles innovative university members, while the latter resembles a typical start-up entrepreneur. This "Stalinist plan or new managerialism or new functionalism" and entrepreneurialism represents a healthy capitalist enterprise and propel thinking about whether or not universities pursue epistemologies, ontological scholarship, research and curriculum to improve public administration. This conceptual paper identifies complexities in propelling universities to a higher fitness landscape in producing public administration research and graduates. This is because a public university now fends for itself as it influences distinctive segments of the economy and militates against origins of public administration.

ORIENTATION: The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are critical global targets that management education must integrate to prepare future business leaders for sustainability challenges. RESEARCH PURPOSE: This study aims to develop and evaluate a mnemonic card game designed to enhance Master of Business Administration (MBA) students' understanding and retention of the SDGs. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Traditional teaching methods often fail to engage students with the complexity of the SDGs, limiting retention and comprehensive understanding. A mnemonic card game offers an innovative, engaging alternative. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: Following a Design Science Research (DSR) approach, the study involved MBA students playing the SDG card game. Pre- and post-game quizzes, surveys and facilitator observations were used to assess the game's effectiveness in improving SDG knowledge. MAIN FINDINGS: The game significantly improved students' understanding, with average quiz scores increasing by 2.41 points post-game. Qualitative feedback indicated high levels of engagement and enjoyment. PRACTICAL AND/OR MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The card game can be incorporated into business school curricula to enhance sustainability education, providing a scalable, cost-effective and engaging learning tool. It fosters critical thinking and ethical decision-making, aligning with the Principles for Responsible Management Education (PRME). CONTRIBUTION AND/OR VALUE-ADD: This study provides an innovative tool that enhances sustainability literacy among MBA students, demonstrating the potential for broader application in management education.

Resumen El artículo presenta una revisión documental acerca de los órganos de gobierno necesarios para administrar la empresa familiar (EF). El objetivo principal fue examinar el estado actual en la literatura sobre este tema. Fue utilizada una revisión sistemática de documentos que combina varios métodos bibliométricos, con el fin de mapear los temas que se relacionan con el gobierno corporativo, familiar y la EF para comprender mejor su desarrollo e interacción. En los artículos investigados se descubrió que la EF consta de tres ámbitos, que son la familia, la empresa y la propiedad. Estos funcionan de manera eficiente en la primera generación, cuando todo gira en torno a la figura del fundador; sin embargo, el crecimiento de estos ámbitos conlleva desafíos en la gestión, por lo que es necesario establecer órganos de gobierno. Se concluyó que la creación y el funcionamiento de estos órganos son fundamentales para contribuir a la administración de la EF en todos sus ámbitos, logrando así, desprenderse de la dependencia del fundador para que haya un gobierno corporativo profesionalizado. JEL: M10; M14; M19; M48; M49.

Abstract The article presents a documentary review about the necessary governance bodies to manage the family business (FB). The main objective was to examine the current state in the literature on this subject. A systematic review of documents was used, combining various bibliometric methods, in order to map the topics related to corporate, family, and FB governance to better understand their development and interaction. In the analyzed articles, it was discovered that the FB consists of three areas, which are family, business, and ownership. These operate efficiently in the first generation when everything revolves around the figure of the founder; however, the growth of these areas brings management challenges, hence the need to establish governance bodies. It was concluded that the creation and operation of these bodies are fundamental to contribute to the management of the FB in all its aspects, thereby breaking free from founder dependence to achieve a professionalized corporate governance. JEL: M10; M14; M19; M48; M49.

Resumo O artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura sobre os órgãos de governança necessários para administrar a empresa familiar (FB). O principal objetivo foi examinar o estado atual da literatura sobre esse tópico. Uma revisão sistemática de documentos combinando vários métodos bibliométricos foi usada para mapear as questões relacionadas à governança corporativa, familiar e de EF, a fim de entender melhor seu desenvolvimento e interação. Os artigos investigados constataram que a governança corporativa consiste em três domínios: família, empresa e propriedade. Esses domínios funcionam de forma eficiente na primeira geração, quando tudo gira em torno do fundador; no entanto, o crescimento desses domínios traz desafios para a gestão e os órgãos de governança precisam ser estabelecidos. Concluiu-se que a criação e o funcionamento desses órgãos são essenciais para contribuir para o sucesso da empresa. Concluiu-se que a criação e o funcionamento desses órgãos são essenciais para contribuir para a gestão da EF em todas as suas áreas, conseguindo assim um distanciamento da dependência do fundador para ter uma governança corporativa profissionalizada. JEL: M10; M14; M19; M48; M49.

Resumen: Este trabajo investigativo trata sobre las características que debe tener una persona docente universitaria para ser considerada influencer educativa desde la perspectiva del estudiantado perteneciente a la generación Z. La población de estudio la conforman estudiantes de tercer nivel de Bachillerato de las carreras Administración de Oficinas y Educación Comercial de la Escuela de Secretariado Profesional, de la Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica, a quienes se les aplicó una entrevista para obtener información empírica y develar la opinión de cada participante garantizando el anonimato. El enfoque metodológico que se utiliza en este estudio es de corte cualitativo y el método utilizado fue el fenomenológico, cuyo objetivo es describir el significado que tienen las experiencias vividas por cada persona estudiante entrevistada. El principal resultado de esta investigación evidenció la naturaleza multifacética del docente influencer universitario, quien requiere tener un equilibrio entre conocimientos técnicos, habilidades blandas, un profundo compro- miso con el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje apoyado en las tecnologías digitales y las redes sociales, para contribuir en una formación integral del estudiantado. Se concluye que el estudiantado destaca características intrínsecas y personales del docente universitario influencer, tales como la motivación, la empatía, la paciencia y la pasión por la enseñanza, así como los conocimientos y la mediación pedagógica, aspectos que van más allá de una presencia en redes sociales.

Resumo: Este trabalho investigativo trata das características que uma pessoa docente universitária deve ter para ser considerada uma influencer educativa na perspectiva do estudantado pertencente à geração Z. A população do estudo é composta por estudantes do terceiro nível do Bacharelado das carreiras de Administração e Educação Comercial da Escola de Secretariado Profissional, da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais, Universidade Nacional, Costa Rica, aos quais foi aplicada uma entrevista para obter informações empíricas e revelar a opinião de cada participante, garantindo o anonimato. O enfoque metodológico utilizado neste estudo é qualitativo e o método utilizado foi o fenomenológico, cujo objetivo é descrever o significado das experiências vividas por cada pessoa estudante entrevistada. O principal resultado desta investigação evidenciou a natureza multifacetada do docente influencer universitário, que necessita de um equilíbrio entre conhecimentos técnicos, habilidades sociais, um profundo compromisso com o processo de ensino-aprendizagem apoiado em tecnologias digitais e redes sociais, para contribuir numa formação integral do estudantado. Concluise que o estudantado destaca características intrínsecas e pessoais do docente universitário influencer, como motivação, empatia, paciência e paixão pelo ensino, bem como conhecimento e mediação pedagógica, aspectos que vão além da presença nas redes sociais.

Abstract: This research project deals with the characteristics that a university professor must have in order to be considered an educational influencer from the perspective of Generation Z students. The study population consists of third year students of Office Administration and Business Education at the Professional Secretarial School of the Faculty of Social Sciences of the National University of Costa Rica. The students completed an interview to obtain empirical information and to know the opinion of each participant, guaranteeing their anonymity. The methodological approach used in this study is qualitative and the method employed was phenomenological, which aims to describe the meaning of the experiences lived by each student interviewed. The results of this research demonstrate the multifaceted nature of the university educator as an influencer, who must have a ba between technical knowledge, soft skills, a deep commitment to the teaching and learning process, supported by digital technologies and social networks, in order to contribute to the integral formation of the student body. It is concluded that the student body highlights intrinsic and personal characteristics of the university professor influencer, such as motivation, empathy, patience and passion for teaching, as well as knowledge and pedagogical mediation, aspects that go beyond a presence in social networks.

Abstract Purpose: The evolution of multivariate analysis methods in the field of management sciences is presented, identifying both the current state and future trends that enable further development in business and administration studies. Methodology: A systematic literature review was conducted on the topic, and the key aspects of the predominant analysis methods are discussed. Results: the predominant methods are Regression Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling and Artificial Intelligence (AI). The results validate previous studies and highlight future trends. Implications: The study explores future trends within AI such as the use of random forests, neural networks and the elastic network. Originality: The evolution of multivariate analysis methods is presented, specifically for the field of management sciences and incorporates the trends of the last 25 years.

Resumen Propósito: Exponer la evolución de los métodos de análisis multivariante utilizados en el campo de las ciencias de la administración y que, además, permite identificar el estado actual y las tendencias futuras que posibiliten un mayor desarrollo en el estudio de los negocios y la administración. Metodología: Revisión sistemática de literatura referente al tema y se discuten los puntos centrales de los métodos predominantes. Resultados: Se identifican tres principales métodos: Análisis de Regresión, Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales e Inteligencia Artificial (IA). Implicaciones: El estudio explora las tendencias futuras dentro de la IA como el uso de los bosques aleatorios, las redes neuronales y la red elástica. Originalidad: Se presenta la evolución de los métodos de análisis multivariante específicamente para el campo de las ciencias de la administración e incorpora las tendencias de los últimos 25 años.

Resumen En este artículo, se aborda el diagnóstico empresarial a través de un estudio de caso centrado en Bioeko. El contexto del problema se centra en la necesidad de comprender los factores que afectan al logro de los objetivos estratégicos de una organización. El objetivo del artículo es realizar un análisis exhaustivo de Bioeko, utilizando una herramienta de diagnóstico organizacional. La metodología adoptada se basó en un enfoque descriptivo e inductivo respaldado por un análisis cualitativo. Se desarrolló una herramienta de diagnóstico organizacional en Excel que permite evaluar la organización en cinco áreas clave: estrategia, finanzas, marketing, operaciones y gestión de recursos humanos. Esta herramienta se complementa con cuestionarios específicos automáticos y se basa en diversas dimensiones de análisis para evaluar y mejorar áreas clave de la empresa, incluyendo la situación actual, previsiones, diagnóstico general y resultados. El estudio reveló que, a pesar de contar con fortalezas en la gestión del capital humano, Bioeko necesita mejorar su coordinación, marketing y administración financiera para impulsar su competitividad. En conclusión, se sostiene que la implementación de herramientas de diagnóstico impulsará mejoras constantes en las Mipymes, fomentando la innovación y el aprendizaje a través de un entorno laboral colaborativo. Estos esfuerzos son fundamentales para el crecimiento y el éxito sostenible de las pequeñas y medianas empresas.

Abstract In this article, the business diagnosis is addressed through a case study focused on Bioeko. The problem context is centered on the need to understand the factors affecting the achievement of an organization's strategic objectives. The aim of the article is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of Bioeko, using an organizational diagnostic tool. The methodology adopted was based on a descriptive and inductive approach backed by a qualitative analysis. An organizational diagnostic tool was developed in Excel that allows the assessment of the organization in five key areas: strategy, finance, marketing, operations, and human resource management. This tool is complemented with specific automatic questionnaires and is based on various dimensions of analysis to evaluate and improve key areas of the company, including the current situation, forecasts, general diagnosis, and results. The study revealed that, despite having strengths in human capital management, Bioeko needs to improve its coordination, marketing, and financial administration to boost its competitiveness. In conclusion, it is argued that the implementation of diagnostic tools will drive continuous improvements in SMEs, promoting innovation and learning through a collaborative working environment. These efforts are fundamental for the growth and sustainable success of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar y describir los principales dominios y subdominios del ecosistema emprendedor que favorecen el emprendimiento en México, y establecer su relación con la intención de emprendimiento, para ello se elaboró un cuestionario directo estructurado el cual fue aplicado a 1,141 estudiantes de las carreras de contaduría, administración e informática, de la Facultad de Contaduría y Administración de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, se realizó un análisis descriptivo, correlacional y multivariado. Los resultados permiten saber que la formación de un emprendedor integra conocimientos sociales, culturales y económicos, lo cual incrementa las probabilidades de crear emprendimientos exitosos, sin embargo, el conocimiento del ambiente empresarial no representa una fortaleza para los estudiantes, específicamente carecen de conocimientos sobre las fuentes de financiamiento. Respecto a la percepción de los estudiantes acerca del mercado y del capital humano, se encontró que estos tienen noción de los elementos que permiten incrementar las ventas en una organización y saben reconocer la importancia del capital humano. Por otra parte, los estudiantes manifiestan preocupación por los trámites y la corrupción que son barreras que suelen impedir el emprendimiento en México; asimismo, requieren de más información sobre de los servicios de apoyo al emprendimiento.

Abstract The objective of this research is to identify and describe the main domains and subdomains of the entrepreneurial ecosystem that drive entrepreneurship in Mexico and establish their relationship with the entrepreneurial intention. For this purpose, a structured direct questionnaire was developed which was applied to 1,141 students of accounting, administration, and computer science majors, from the Faculty of Accounting and Administration of the National Autonomous University of Mexico. A descriptive, correlational, and multivariate analysis was carried out. The results allow to know that the training of an entrepreneur integrates social, cultural and economic knowledge, which increases the probability of creating successful entrepreneurship; however, knowledge of the business environment does not represent a strength for students, specifically they lack knowledge about the financing sources. Regarding the students' perception about the market and human capital, it was found that they have a notion of the elements that allow increasing sales in an organization and know how to recognize the importance of human capital. On the other hand, students express concern about procedures and corruption, which are barriers that usually prevent entrepreneurship in Mexico; likewise, they require more information about entrepreneurship support services.

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a research conducted in a brazilian public institution, involving professors who work in higher education, in the Business Administration course. The objective was analyzing the reorganization and disorganization of work resulting from compulsory teleworking. To this end, the method is close to the proposal of Concrete Critical Ontology and Epistemology, based on a qualitative, analytical approach, covering the period from 2020 to 2022. Data were collected through consultation of institutional documents and semi-structured interviewes. The study included the participation of nine teachers. Data analysis was conducted based on content analysis. The research reveals changes in teaching work during the pandemic, including technological adaptations, changes in routines, extension of working hours and intensification of work, and lack of institutional support. Contradictions arise between advantages and challenges perceived by teachers. Such elements resulted in accumulated pressures that led to physical and emotional exhaustion for these professionals. It is concluded that teleworking brought both the necessary reorganization for the continuity of teaching and the disorganization by profoundly modifying the traditional dynamics of teaching and learning. institution education course end Epistemology qualitative approach 202 2022 semistructured semi structured interviewes teachers pandemic adaptations routines support professionals learning 20 2

RESUMO O presente artigo apresenta os resultados de uma pesquisa conduzida em uma instituição pública brasileira envolvendo docentes que atuam no ensino superior, no curso de Administração de Empresas. O objetivo é analisar a reorganização e a desorganização do trabalho decorrentes do teletrabalho compulsório. Para esse fim, o método aproxima-se da proposta da Ontologia e Epistemologia Crítica do Concreto, a partir de uma abordagem qualitativa, analítica, abrangendo o período de 2020 a 2022. Os dados foram coletados por meio de consulta a documentos institucionais e de entrevistas semiestruturadas. O estudo contou com a participação de nove docentes. A análise dos dados foi conduzida com base na análise de conteúdo. A pesquisa revela mudanças no trabalho docente durante a pandemia, incluindo adaptações tecnológicas; alterações nas rotinas; extensão da jornada e intensificação do trabalho; e falta de suporte institucional. Contradições surgem entre vantagens e desafios percebidos pelos docentes. Tais elementos resultaram em pressões acumuladas que levaram a um desgaste físico e emocional para esses profissionais. Conclui-se que o teletrabalho trouxe tanto a necessária reorganização para a continuidade do ensino quanto a desorganização, ao modificar profundamente as dinâmicas tradicionais de ensino e aprendizagem. superior Empresas compulsório fim aproximase aproxima se Concreto qualitativa analítica 202 2022 semiestruturadas conteúdo pandemia tecnológicas rotinas institucional profissionais Concluise Conclui aprendizagem 20 2

RESUMEN Este artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación realizada en una institución pública brasileña, con profesores que actúan en la educación superior, en la carrera de Administración de Empresas. El objetivo fue analizar la reorganización y desorganización del trabajo resultante del teletrabajo obligatorio. Para ello, el método se aproxima a la propuesta de Ontología y Epistemología Crítica Concreta, basada en un enfoque analítico cualitativo, que abarca el período de 2020 a 2022. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante consulta de documentos institucionales y entrevistas semiestructuradas. El estudio contó con la participación de nueve docentes. El análisis de datos se llevó a cabo en base al análisis de contenido. La investigación revela cambios en el trabajo docente durante la pandemia, incluyendo adaptaciones tecnológicas, cambios de rutinas, ampliación de jornada e intensificación del trabajo, y falta de apoyo institucional. Surgen contradicciones entre las ventajas y los desafios percibidos por los docentes. Tales elementos resultaron en presiones acumuladas que llevaron al agotamiento físico y emocional de estos profesionales. Se concluye que el teletrabajo trajo tanto la reorganización necesaria para la continuidad de la enseñanza como la desorganización al modificar profundamente las dinámicas tradicionales de enseñanza y aprendizaje. brasileña superior Empresas obligatorio ello Concreta cualitativo 202 2022 semiestructuradas docentes contenido pandemia tecnológicas rutinas institucional profesionales aprendizaje 20 2

ABSTRACT Amid the COVID-19 crisis, startups in Santo Domingo, Ecuador, have faced notable economic challenges, revealing significant losses and adaptations. The need for action plans in the face of crises is evident in the adaptability of each entrepreneur. To develop the study, a mixed, qualitative and quantitative approach is used to analyze business resilience and innovative post-pandemic strategies. Resilience proves crucial, highlighting the need for innovation and digitalization. Deficiencies in advertising and business administration have been identified in the sector studied. The conclusions emphasize the need to strengthen resilience, foster innovation and address specific areas for a sustainable recovery in Santo Domingo. So that they emphasize collaboration between the business sector, universities and local authorities as a key to growth and sustainability.

RESUMEN En medio de la crisis de la COVID-19, los emprendimientos en Santo Domingo, Ecuador, han enfrentado desafíos económicos notables, al revelar pérdidas y adaptaciones significativas. La necesidad de planes de acción ante crisis se hace evidente en la adaptabilidad de cada emprendedor. Para el desarrollo del estudio, se emplea un enfoque mixto, cualitativo y cuantitativo, para analizar la resiliencia empresarial y estrategias innovadoras post pandemia. La resiliencia demuestra ser crucial, al destacar la necesidad de la innovación y la digitalización. Se han identificado deficiencias en publicidad y administración empresarial en el sector estudiado. Las conclusiones enfatizan la necesidad de fortalecer la resiliencia, fomentar la innovación y abordar áreas específicas para una recuperación sostenible en Santo Domingo. De modo que acentúen la colaboración entre el sector empresarial, las universidades y las autoridades locales como clave para el crecimiento y la sostenibilidad.

RESUMEN Las Misiones Académicas Internacionales (MAI) se enmarcan como movilidad académica en el marco del proceso de internacionalización llevada a cabo en las Instituciones de Educación Superior. El objetivo del presente trabajo es conocer la percepción de los participantes de una universidad privada de Paraguay con respecto a su experiencia en la Misión Académica Internacional llevada a cabo en la ciudad de Corrientes-Argentina, 2023. El trabajo presentó un enfoque cuantitativo, de diseño no experimental de corte transversal y alcance descriptivo. La población analizada estuvo constituida por 37 personas como así la muestra. Los criterios de inclusión fueron haber participado de la experiencia MAI, pertenecientes a las carreras de Marketing y Publicidad, Administración de Empresas e Ingeniería Comercial de la universidad analizada y estar de acuerdo en completar la encuesta. Se utilizó la encuesta como recolección de datos mediante un cuestionario de 27 preguntas enviado vía WhatsApp en septiembre de 2023. Los resultados más relevantes son: la dimensión Organización (x̄=4,92) y Destino de la movilidad (x̄=4,91) tuvieron la mayor puntuación mientras que la más baja correspondió a la dimensión Duración de la experiencia (x̄=4,41). Asimismo, los ítems más resaltantes fueron la P11 “Califica la interacción con docentes paraguayos” y P13 “Califica la interacción con gestores paraguayos”, ambos con (x̄=4,97). Cabe mencionar que las más bajas correspondió a la P5 “Los 4 (cuatro) días de estancia han sido suficientes” (x̄=4,03). Se concluye que los participantes se encuentran Muy satisfechos con la MAI realizada a Corrientes.

ABSTRACT International Academic Missions (MAI) are framed as academic mobility within the framework of the internationalization process carried out in Higher Education Institutions. The objective of this work is to know the perception of the participants of a private university in Paraguay regarding their experience in the International Academic Mission carried out in the city of Corrientes-Argentina, 2023. The work presented a quantitative, design approach non-experimental cross-sectional and descriptive scope. The analyzed population consisted of 37 people as well as the sample. The inclusion criteria were having participated in the MAI experience, belonging to the Marketing and Advertising, Business Administration and Commercial Engineering majors of the university analyzed and agreeing to complete the survey. The survey was used as data collection through a 27-question questionnaire sent via WhatsApp in September 2023. The most relevant results are: the Organization dimension (x̄=4.92) and Destination of mobility (x̄=4.91) They had the highest score while the lowest corresponded to the Duration of the experience dimension (x̄=4.41). Likewise, the most notable items were Q11 “Rate the interaction with Paraguayan teachers” and P13 “Rate the interaction with Paraguayan managers”, both with (x̄=4.97). It is worth mentioning that the lowest corresponded to P5 “The 4 (four) days of stay have been sufficient” (x̄=4.03). It is concluded that the participants are very satisfied with the MAI carried out in Corrientes.

RESUMEN Producto de la pandemia de COVID 19 se implementaron un conjunto de modificaciones en la forma cómo se enseñaba. Las instituciones de educación superior en Chile no estuvieron ajenas a ese fenómeno, y a este escenario se sumó un conjunto de tendencias que ya venían planteando la necesidad de revisar la didáctica, en cuánto al qué y al cómo se enseña. Diferentes iniciativas llevaron al desarrollo e implementación de estrategias didácticas que buscaron resolver los desafíos que enfrentaba el sistema educativo. Aun cuando han surgido innumerables artículos referidos a la implementación de estas innovaciones didácticas, la evidencia respecto del impacto de sus adaptaciones permanece escasa. El objetivo de la presente investigación es evaluar el impacto del uso del Método del Caso en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes de los estudiantes de la asignatura de cálculo de la carrera Ingeniería en Administración de Empresas de una institución de educación superior chilena en un contexto online mediante un modelo de diferencias en diferencias usando grupos de control generados con la técnica de Propensity Score Matching. Los resultados muestran un efecto positivo y estadísticamente significativo en las calificaciones de los estudiantes.

ABSTRACT As a result of the COVID 19 pandemic, a set of modifications were implemented in the way it was taught. Higher education institutions in Chile were not immune to this phenomenon, and to this scenario was added a set of trends that had already been raising the need to review didactics, in terms of what and how it is taught. Different initiatives led to the development and implementation of didactic strategies that sought to solve the challenges faced by the educational system. Even though innumerable articles referring to the implementation of these didactic innovations have appeared, the evidence regarding the impact of their adaptations remains scarce. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the use of the Case Method on the academic performance of the students of the calculus subject of the Business Administration Engineering degree at a Chilean higher education institution in an online context. through a difference-in-differences model using control groups generated with the Propensity Score Matching technique. The results show a positive and statistically significant effect on student grades.

Abstract The present study focuses on the significance of developing leadership competence in higher education. Leadership is acknowledged as an essential skill demanded by both society and the labor market. Therefore, the aim of this research is to explore the perceptions of recent graduates and faculty members regarding leadership training in the Industry and Services area at the University of Atacama, with the purpose of identifying strengths and areas for improvement in the educational process. A qualitative methodology with an exploratory design was employed. The sample consisted of 14 final-year students, 4 faculty members, and 6 graduates from the programs of Business Administration Engineering and University Technician in Business Administration, selected through purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were used as the primary data collection tool, developing a script of guiding questions to investigate three dimensions: the concept of leadership, the formation of leadership competence, and the role of the faculty. Data analysis was performed using Atlas Ti software, including stages of initial coding, categorization, and thematic analysis, ensuring reliability and validity through data triangulation. The results reveal that students primarily associate leadership with the ability to guide, work in teams, communicate empathetically, and resolve conflicts; furthermore, planning and organization were identified as key skills. Graduates highlighted experience as a distinctive element in leadership, enabling them to act more effectively and position themselves as references in their work teams. Lastly, faculty members valued direction and organization, emphasizing the importance of setting clear paths and motivating organization members. The research supports the need for comprehensive leadership training that incorporates practical experiences and a more holistic approach, highlighting empathetic communication as an essential competency for success in teams and decision-making. Additionally, the importance of learning from lived experiences and lessons learned to effectively address the needs of diverse communities is underlined. In this context, the faculty emerges as a central figure, playing a crucial role in the development of these competencies as their ability to guide, inspire, and model positive behaviors is fundamental for the development of future effective and empathetic leaders. Thus, the role of the faculty in the formation of this competency is central and constitutes a significant influence in the educational process with a lasting impact on students' professional trajectories. The conclusions indicate that the current curriculum in higher education is inadequate to address leadership competencies, recognizing the need to adopt a more practical and holistic approach that prepares students not only for the workplace but also for various aspects of life. For this, the essential role of the faculty is recognized, emphasizing the importance of their continuous training in innovative methodologies and empathetic communication.

Resumen En la actualidad, el liderazgo destaca como una competencia esencial, requerida tanto por la sociedad como por el mercado laboral. Si bien la Universidad de Atacama demuestra su compromiso con el desarrollo del liderazgo al integrarlo como competencia genérica en su Modelo Educativo, subsisten interrogantes respecto a cómo se desarrolla esta competencia y cómo se asegura su aplicabilidad en el ámbito profesional. Con un enfoque cualitativo, este estudio exploró las percepciones de estudiantes, egresados y docentes, con el propósito de comprender el proceso de formación del liderazgo. Los resultados subrayan la relevancia de la comunicación empática, el rol del profesorado y la necesidad de una formación más holística en liderazgo. Se concluye que las instituciones de educación superior deben revisar y mejorar los programas formativos, estableciendo alianzas con organizaciones para brindar experiencias prácticas a los estudiantes que les permita mejorar la formación del liderazgo.

Hierdie artikel fokus op die geskiedenis van die ora (Φ3) sedert die eerste vrystelling daarvan 20 jaar gelede in 2004. Die ora is onlosmaaklik verweef met Orania, 'n Afrikaanse dorp in die Noord-Kaap. Die ora is op 'n een-tot-een-grondslag gekoppel aan die Suid-Afrikaanse rand. Die ora sirkuleer as 'n wettige betaalmiddel vir gebruik in kontanttransaksies in Orania. Die bestaan en sirkulasie van die ora is een van die unieke eienskappe van Orania. 'n Verdere unieke eienskap van Orania is die uitsluitlike gebruik van Afrikaans in die dorp. Alle bedrywighede (godsdiensbeoefening, kultuuraktiwiteite, onderrig en saketransak-sies) geskied uitsluitlik in Afrikaans. Voorts het Orania net wit inwoners. Die dorp word dus as 'n wit Afrikaner enklawe beskou. Daarbenewens is die oogmerk van Orania selfbeskikking wat die dorp se toekoms betref. Dit bring Orania in lyn met die voortsetting van die Verwoerdiaanse ideaal van afsonderlike ontwikkeling tot selfbeskikking. Hierdie ideaal word in Orania ondersteun deur "selfwerk-saamheid", met ander woorde 'n beleid dat voorkeur gegee word aan indiensneming van die inwoners van Orania. Die inwoners van Orania verkies om bedrae in ora te noem en nie in rand nie. Gevolglik word daardie praktyk in hierdie artikel gebruik. Gebaseer op die 2021/22-sensusopname in Orania, is totale persoonlike jaarlikse inkomste op Φ295 672 222 beraam. Per capita persoonlike jaarlikse inkomste vir die 2 377 inwoners is dus op Φ124 389 beraam. Hierteenoor is die jaarlikse inkomste van huishoudings in Orania in 2021 op Φ190 331 179 beraam. Hierdie verskil in ramings kan nie met behulp van die bestaande sensusopnamedata verklaar word nie en is tevore aangestip as 'n gebied vir verdere navorsing. Die 2021-besigheidsopname van Orania rapporteer data oor sake-ondernemings in die dorp. Op grond van hierdie opnamedata is die jaarlikse omset van sakeondernemings in Orania in 2021 op Φ281 950 000 beraam. Meer navorsing is nodig om te bepaal of die groei in ora-koepons wat uitgereik word, hoegenaamd korreleer met die groei in ekonomiese bedrywighede in Orania. Die groeikoers van ora-koepons kan nie met groei in ekonomiese bedrywighede vergelyk word nie omdat laasgenoemde nie voorheen op 'n vergelykbare basis bereken is nie. Onlangse navorsing is die eerste inisiatief om 'n basis te skep vir die bepaling van Orania se toekomstige ekonomiese groei. Indien hierdie korrelasie deur toekomstige navorsing bepaal kan word, sal dit 'n nuttige en maklike aanwyser van ekonomiese bedrywighede op die dorp wees. Die navorsing toon ook dat die ora tot gemeenskapsbewussyn bydra, byvoorbeeld omdat die inwoners bedrae in ora uitdruk, eerder as in rand. Die ora verminder ook kontantrisiko in Orania, omdat die ora nie buite die dorp gebruik kan word nie. Die ora het egter ook sekere nadele vir inwoners van Orania. Houers van ora-koepons en dOra moet dit in Orania vir rand inwissel vir kontanttransaksies buite die dorp. Enige afslag wat sake-ondernemings op ora-transaksies toestaan, verminder hul omset en bruto wins. Die feit dat ora-koepons nie masjienleesbaar is nie, verhoog die administrasiekoste van die koepons. Die ora en Orania is onlosmaaklik met mekaar verweef. Die dorp kan egter sonder die ora bestaan, terwyl die ora nie sonder Orania kan bestaan nie.

The history of the ora (with the symbol Φ) as a trade instrument is inextricably linked to the history of Orania, a village on the southern bank of the Orange River in the Northern Cape Province of South Africa. The closest town to Orania is Hopetown (43 kilometres to the northwest). Orania is about 160 kilometres south of Kimberley, the biggest city in the Northern Cape. Orania has a number of unique features. Firstly, all inhabitants are white and speak Afrikaans, with the implication that this is the language used for all activities (business, education, religion and social interaction). It is therefore viewed as a white Afrikaner cultural enclave. Secondly, the aim of Orania is self-determination as far as its future is concerned. In this context it has been described as a continuation of the Verwoerdian ideal of the 1960s. This aim is supported by "selfwerksaamheid" (loosely meaning "to work with our own for our own"), that is, a policy in terms of which preference is given to the employment of people from Orania. Thirdly, Orania has its own trade instrument, the ora, the symbol for which is Φ.2 The ora is described as a coupon used in settlement of cash transactions. Calling the ora currency would be a contravention of the South African Reserve Bank Act, 1989. The Orania Sakekamer [chamber of commerce] issues the ora. It is linked on a one-to-one basis to the South African rand, that is, at a rate of Φ 1,00 = R1,00. The inhabitants of Orania prefer to use ora when referring to amounts and this paper follows the same convention. Literature on Orania refers to the ora and its use in trade, but there is no research focusing on the development of the ora since it wasfirst launched in 2004. This paper seeks to contribute to filling this gap in the existing literature. The ora serves the needs of the inhabitants of Orania. A population census undertaken in Orania in December 2021 and early in 2022 reported the town'spopulation as 2 377 people, of whom 1 635 were 20 years and older. The same census also showed that Orania comprised 649 households and 220 businesses. Based on the 2021/22 census, the total personal annual income of the residents of Orania in 2021 was estimated at Φ295 672 222. Per capita personal annual income of the 2 377 inhabitants was therefore estimated at Φ124 389. Based on the same census data, the annual household income in Orania was estimated at Φ190 331179. The difference in estimates cannot be explained in terms of the 2021/2022 census data and was previously highlighted as an area for further research. These estimates show some correlation with the survey data obtained from the 2021 business survey conducted in Orania. Business turnover in 2021 was estimated at Φ281 950 000. More research is necessary to ascertain whether the increase in the value of ora issued correlates at all with the growth rate of economic activity in Orania. If this correlation can be determined, ora in circulation will be a useful indicator of the growth of economic activities in Orania. The growth rate of ora coupons cannot be compared with growth in economic activity because the latter has not previously been calculated on a comparable basis. Recently research was published that will contribute to a basis for determining future economic growth. This research shows that the ora contributes to "community building" (a sense that the residents are building their own future) in Orania and limits cash risks in the town. However, the ora also has certain disadvantages for residents of Orania. Holders of ora coupons and dOra must exchange them for rand in Orania for cash transactions outside the town. Any discount that businesses grant on ora transactions reduces their turnover and gross profit. The fact that ora coupons are not machine-readable increases the administration costs of the coupons. The final conclusion is that the ora is inextricably linked to Orania. The town can exist without the ora, but the ora cannot exist without Orania.

Resumen Este artículo tiene como propósito discutir teóricamente la relación gestión de proyectos y éxito en los proyectos mediada por la gestión sostenible de proyectos y el compromiso de los grupos de interés, debido a la poca exploración que ha tenido en la literatura sobre gerencia de proyectos. Esta discusión se realiza alrededor de los hallazgos investigativos relacionados con estos cuatro constructos, a partir de los cuales se argumenta que la escuela de la sostenibilidad en gestión de proyectos permite la renovación del campo de la gerencia de proyectos. La literatura previa sobre la relación entre la gobernanza del proyecto y éxito del proyecto tiene hallazgos contradictorios. Estos hallazgos denotan una brecha para examinar los efectos de moderación de las prácticas de gestión de proyectos sostenibles y el compromiso de los stakeholders. De acuerdo con los antecedentes estudiados, se puede argumentar que existe una falta de comprensión en la literatura existente relacionada con la gobernanza del proyecto y el éxito del proyecto. Por tanto, en este artículo se expone la influencia del compromiso de los grupos de interés y de las prácticas de gestión sostenible de proyectos en la relación entre gobernanza y éxito de los proyectos. Finalmente, se ofrecen algunas implicaciones teóricas, empíricas y prácticas.

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to theoretically discuss the relationship between project management and project success mediated by sustainable project management and stakeholder commitment, due to the little exploration it has had in the literature on project management. This discussion is carried out around the research findings related to these four constructs, from which it is argued that the school of sustainability in project management allows the renewal of the field of project management. Previous literature on the relationship between project governance and project success has contradictory findings. These findings denote a gap to examine the moderation effects of sustainable project management practices and stakeholder engagement. Based on the background studied, it can be argued that there is a lack of understanding in the existing literature related to project governance and project success. Therefore, this paper exposes the influence of stakeholder commitment and sustainable project management practices on the relationship between governance and project success. Finally, some theoretical, empirical and practical implications are offered.

ABSTRACT The study explored the attitudes that working adult students of the Business Administration Engineering program value in their professors, during the 2022 academic program. A methodology with a qualitative, exploratory approach was applied, with a phenomenological design and a case perspective. A convenience sample was used and a total of 100 students of the 2022 cohort were considered. The main results showed that the attitudes that students value in their teachers are the creation of a climate of work and participation, in addition to motivating interest in their learning process. It was concluded that working adult students not only value in their teachers' attitudes related to technical aspects of how to conduct a class, but also those that point to the impact on the subjective aspect of the individual.

RESUMO O estudo explorou as atitudes que os estudantes adultos trabalhadores da carreira de Engenharia em Administração valorizam em seus professores, durante o programa acadêmico do ano de 2022. Aplicou-se uma metodologia com abordagem qualitativa, exploratória, com desenho fenomenológico e perspectiva de caso. . Foi utilizada uma amostra de conveniência e foram considerados um total de 100 alunos da coorte de 2022. Os principais resultados mostraram que as atitudes que os alunos valorizam nos seus professores são a criação de um clima de trabalho e participação, além de motivar o interesse pela sua aprendizagem processo. Concluiu-se que os alunos adultos trabalhadores não valorizam apenas em seus professores atitudes relacionadas aos aspectos técnicos de como conduzir uma aula, mas também aquelas que apontam para o impacto nos aspectos subjetivos do indivíduo.

RESUMEN El estudio exploró las actitudes que valoran los estudiantes adultos trabajadores de la carrera de Ingeniería en Administración de Empresas en sus profesores, durante el programa académico del año 2022. Se aplicó una metodología con un enfoque cualitativo, exploratorio, con un diseño fenomenológico y una perspectiva de caso. Se utilizó una muestra por conveniencia y se consideró un total de 100 estudiantes de la cohorte 2022. Los principales resultados mostraron que las actitudes que valoran los estudiantes en sus profesores son la creación de un clima de trabajo y participación, además de motivar el interés por su proceso de aprendizaje. Se concluyó que los estudiantes adultos trabajadores no solo valoran en sus profesores actitudes relacionadas a aspectos técnicos de cómo realizar una clase, sino que también aquellas que apuntan al impacto en lo subjetivo del individuo.