The increase in the average temperature of the Earth due to excess CO2 and other greenhouse gases has caused glaciers to melt and sea levels to rise. The burning of fossil fuels is one of the main causes of this problem, so the use of biofuels is important for mitigating this environmental impact. In Brazil, biodiesel is mixed with mineral; however, irregularities have been detected, reducing the expected positive effects. Therefore, this study proposes the use of multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR ALS) to quantify the content of methyl palm oil biodiesel in diesel blends and determine the concentration of the adulterant automotive lubricating oil in the blend. The model for quantifying biodiesel in diesel obtained R2 = 0.9997, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC) = 0.56% (v v-1) and prediction (RMSEP) = 0.65% (v v-1), while the determination of adulteration in the biodiesel-diesel blend showed RMSEC = 0.67% (v v-1), RMSEP = 0.81% (v v-1) and R2 = 0.9992. These results demonstrate the ability of the models developed to predict both the content and quantity of possible adulterants in blends of palm oil biodiesel and mineral diesel, contributing to the quality control of this fuel. CO rise problem impact Brazil however detected effects Therefore MCR ALS R 09997 0 9997 0.9997 (RMSEC 056 56 0.56 v v1 1 v-1 (RMSEP 065 65 0.65 v1, , biodieseldiesel 067 67 0.67 081 81 0.81 09992 9992 0.9992 fuel 0999 999 0.999 05 5 0.5 v- 06 6 0.6 08 8 0.8 099 99 0.99 0. 09 9 0.9

Abstract Hailey-Hailey disease is a rare genodermatosis described in 1939, with an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern, characterized by compromised adhesion between epidermal keratinocytes. It has an estimated prevalence of 1/50,000, with no gender or race predilection. It results from a heterozygous mutation in the ATP2C1 gene, which encodes the transmembrane protein hSPA1C, present in all tissues, with preferential expression in keratinocytes. Mutations in the ATP2C1 gene cause changes in the synthesis of junctional proteins, leading to acantholysis. It usually begins in adulthood, with isolated cases at the extremes of life. It manifests as vesico-bullous lesions mainly in the flexural areas, which develop into erosions and crusts. Chronic lesions may form vegetative or verrucous plaques. Pruritus, a burning feeling and pain are common. It evolves with periods of remission and exacerbation, generally triggered by humidity, friction, heat, trauma and secondary infections. The diagnosis is based on clinical and histopathological criteria: marked suprabasal acantholysis, loosely joined keratinocytes, giving the appearance of a “dilapidated brick wall”, with a few dyskeratotic cells. The acantholysis affects the epidermis and spares the adnexal epithelia, which helps in the differential diagnosis with pemphigus vulgaris. Direct immunofluorescence is negative. The main differential diagnoses are Darier disease, pemphigus vegetans, intertrigo, contact dermatitis, and inverse psoriasis. There is no cure and the treatment is challenging, including measures to control heat, sweat and friction, topical medications (corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, antibiotics), systemic medications (antibiotics, corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, retinoids and immunobiologicals) and procedures such as botulinum toxin, laser and surgery. There is a lack of controlled clinical trials to support the choice of the best treatment. HaileyHailey Hailey 1939 pattern keratinocytes 150000 1 50 000 1/50,000 predilection ATPC ATP C ATP2C hSPA1C hSPAC hSPA tissues proteins adulthood life vesicobullous vesico bullous areas crusts plaques Pruritus common exacerbation humidity friction heat infections criteria dilapidated wall, wall , wall” cells epithelia vulgaris negative vegetans intertrigo dermatitis psoriasis challenging corticosteroids (corticosteroids inhibitors antibiotics, antibiotics antibiotics) (antibiotics immunosuppressants immunobiologicals toxin surgery 193 15000 5 00 1/50,00 19 1500 0 1/50,0 150 1/50, 15 1/50 1/5 1/

ABSTRACT Residues generated in sugarcane production such as biochar, originated from bagasse burning, are used as a fertilizer source, which can increase forage dry matter yield, as well as improving soil chemical attributes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of using biochar from sugarcane bagasse burning and mineral fertilization, as well as their association, on the dry matter yield of Urochloa decumbens and on the chemical attributes of the soil. The design was randomized blocks, which consisted of eight treatments and four blocks. The treatments were: T1- mineral fertilization; T2- fertilization with limestone plus mineral fertilizer; T3- liming; T4- biochar; T5- biochar plus mineral fertilizer; T6- liming plus biochar; T7- double fertilization with biochar and T8- control. Association of mineral fertilizer and biochar was able to increase dry matter yield by up to 131% when compared to the control treatment during the first year. The use of fertilization strategies in the restoration of degraded area under U. decumbens does not interfere with soil chemical attributes, except for sulfur. source association blocks were T1 T T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 131 year U sulfur 13 1

RESUMO Resíduos gerados pela produção de cana-de-açúcar como o biochar, proveniente da queima do bagaço podem ser utilizados como fonte de fertilizante, podendo incrementar a produção de matéria seca de forrageira, bem como, dos atributos químicos do solo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a utilização de biochar da queima do bagaço da cana-de-açúcar e da adubação mineral e associação de ambos, na produtividade de matéria seca de Urochloa decumbens, e nos atributos químicos do solo. O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, composto por oito tratamentos, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram: T1- adubação mineral; T2- adubação com calcário + fertilizante mineral; T3- calagem; T4- biochar; T5- biochar + adubação mineral; T6- calagem + biochar; T7- duas vezes a dose com biochar e T8- controle. A associação de fertilizante mineral com biochar foi capaz de aumentar a produção de matéria seca em até 131% quando comparado ao tratamento controle no primeiro ano. O emprego de diferentes estratégias de fertilização na recuperação de área degradada sob uso de Urochloa decumbens, não interfere nos atributos químicos do solo, com exceção do elemento enxofre. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar forrageira solo ambos decumbens casualizados repetições foram T1 T T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 T7 T8 131 ano enxofre 13 1

Abstract Fires affect more natural surfaces than any other disturbance factor on the planet. They result from the interaction of fuel, dry environmental conditions, and an ignition source. In the state of Michoacán conditions are conducive for the annual occurrence of numerous fires. Remote sensing offers global, consistent and objective information on fires, with the generation of series of burned areas, such as the 500m MCD64A1 generated from MODIS data. The objective of this work was to analyze this series to know the fires that occurred in the entity between 2015 and 2022, considering vegetation covers affected (INEGI Series VII) precipitation and temperature. An average of 3 340.87 pixels with fires were recorded annually; 2021, during confinement due to the Covid-19 pandemic, was the year with the most fires (5 269 pixels) and 2022 with the fewest (2 398). The fires are concentrated in the driest and hottest months, mainly May (1551.00 pixels on average) and April (958.38 pixels); the highest number was recorded in April 2021 (2 347 pixels), and the second month with the most detections was May 2020 (2 094 pixels). Most events are associated with agricultural burning (48.41%), mainly in irrigated land, in spring and winter. Forest fires significantly affect temperate forests and associated secondary vegetation (32.85%); in tropical deciduous forest areas (17.14%), fires occur mostly in secondary vegetation. In years with an early onset of rains (2015 and 2018), fewer fires accumulated.

Resumen Los incendios afectan a más superficies naturales que cualquier otro factor de disturbio en el Planeta. Resultan de la coincidencia de combustible, condiciones ambientales secas y una fuente de ignición. En el estado de Michoacán existen las condiciones propicias para la ocurrencia anual de numerosas conflagraciones. La teledetección ofrece información global, consistente y objetiva sobre los incendios, con la generación de series de áreas quemadas, como MCD64A1 de 500m, generada con datos MODIS. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar esta serie para conocer los incendios ocurridos en la entidad entre 2015 y 2022, considerando las coberturas afectadas (Serie VII de INEGI), la precipitación y la temperatura. Se contabilizaron al año, en promedio 3 340.87 pixeles con incendios; 2021, durante la pandemia de Covid-19, fue el año con el mayor número de registros (5 269 pixeles) y 2022 con menos (2 398). Los incendios se concentraron en mayo (1551.00 pixeles en promedio) y abril (958.38 pixeles); el máximo número de incendios se detectó en abril de 2021 (2 347 pixeles), seguido de mayo de 2020 (2 094 pixeles). La mayoría de los eventos se asocian a quemas agrícolas (48.41%) en terrenos de riego, en primavera e invierno; los incendios forestales afectan sobre todo a bosques templados y a la vegetación secundaria asociada (32.85%); en zonas de bosque tropical caducifolio (17.14%), los incendios ocurren, en su mayoría, en vegetación secundaria. En los años con un inicio temprano de la temporada de lluvias (2015 y 2018) se acumularon menos incendios.

Verlorenvlei is a globally important RAMSAR wetland on the arid west coast of South Africa. A prolonged drought between 2016 and 2021 and increasing competition for water from the agricultural sector resulted in extremely low water levels. We used historical aerial and satellite imagery from 1942 and rainfall and water level data for the past 50 years, to assess habitat changes within the estuarine functional zone of the Verlorenvlei Estuarine Lake. Prior to the drought, lake water levels and water surface area remained stable (1113 ± 27 ha (SE)). Since then, there has been a 64% decrease in open water area, exposing 193 ha of sandbanks, of which 190.9 ha were hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich. The water in the lower lake was hypersaline (>100), and in the middle, it was acidic (pH<3). The low water level plus sediment and nutrient input from surrounding agriculture resulted in a localised increase in reeds. Additional pressures, such as fires, have reduced the above-ground biomass of reeds and sedges, potentially altering surface morphology and reducing stored carbon. Despite flooding and filling up in June 2023, the lake remained in an acidic state (3.9-4.3). Similar low-lake level, hypersaline and acidic conditions are predicted to become more common under future climate change scenarios where aridity and extreme weather events are anticipated. Inflow of fresh water into the estuary and control of farming practices are required to keep the Verlorenvlei in a functional state, with long-term monitoring necessary to assess the ecological condition in response to restoration actions. SIGNIFICANCE: We assessed the habitat changes in Verlorenvlei, an estuarine lake on the arid west coast of South Africa. Estuarine lakes are scarce, and an extended drought greatly reduced the water surface area, exposing hyper-sulfidic pyrite-rich soils, leading to lake acidification and a negative response from biota. Competition for water from agribusiness and the burning of reeds are added pressures. Subsequent heavy rains have been slow to buffer lake acidity, and the impacts thereof serve as a warning for the management of similar ecosystems and their ecological water requirements, especially under climate change where extreme weather conditions, increased aridity and competition for water are realities.

ABSTRACT Introduction/framework/objectives: The use of this equipment is increasingly common in various professional sectors and for longer periods, whether within a work shift or throughout life. Thus, their interaction with workers' health becomes increasingly relevant, resulting in the need to research what has been described on this topic. This review aims to summarize the most relevant information published, so that professionals in the Health and Safety teams have more tools to guide the matter and so that the workers themselves better understand what could be at stake and are more receptive to protective measures that may be proposed. Methodology: This is a Bibliographic Review, initiated through research carried out in april of 2023, in the databases “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina and RCAAP”. Content: Acoustic shock can be secondary to an intense and unexpected noise and its prevalence can vary between 13 and 22%; however, it is a complex and controversial concept. It is eventually characterized by otalgia, tinnitus, vertigo, a burning sensation near the ear and anxiety. Acoustic shocks can cause cochlear trauma. The use of Headsets does not seem to cause more fatigue than noise from other sources, as long as it is of the same intensity. Most Call Centers operators work in an open space, with colleagues, which increases exposure to noise. The higher this is, the higher the eqquipment is placed. Susceptibility to hearing loss presents individual variability and interaction with some comorbidities (such as smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes and dyslipidemia); as well as gender and age. Most of these operators listen well; even if they report difficulty in perceiving words with ambient noise and tinnitus. Discussion and Conclusions: Although it is quite common for Call Centers workers to mention, during Occupational Medicine consultations, complaints that they associate with overall noise (especially that produced by Headsets); in reality, the bibliography on the topic is scarce and not very robust. Even so, it describes some very brief instructions to try to minimize the damage and enhance the well-being, satisfaction and productivity of professionals who use this type of equipment. It would be interesting to investigate the subject a little better, better understand the national panorama and publicize this in scientific publications.

RESUMO Introdução/enquadramento/objetivos: O uso deste equipamento é cada vez mais frequente em diversos setores profissionais e por períodos mais prolongados, quer dentro de um turno de trabalho, quer ao longo da vida. Assim, a interação destes com a saúde dos trabalhadores fica cada vez mais relevante, surgindo a necessidade de pesquisar o que se tem descrito sobre este tema. Esta revisão pretende resumir o que de mais pertinente se publicou, de forma que os profissionais das equipas de Saúde e Segurança tenham mais ferramentas para orientar o assunto e para que os próprios trabalhadores percebam melhor o que poderá estar em causa e estejam mais recetivos a medidas de proteção eventualmente propostas. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma Revisão Bibliográfica, iniciada através de uma pesquisa realizada em abril de 2023 nas bases de dados “CINALH plus with full text, Medline with full text, Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Methodology Register, Nursing and Allied Health Collection: comprehensive, MedicLatina e RCAAP”. Conteúdo: O choque acústico pode ser secundário a um ruido intenso e inesperado e a sua prevalência pode variar entre 13 a 22%; contudo, trata-se de um conceito complexo e controverso. Carateriza-se eventualmente por otalgia, zumbido, vertigem, sensação de queimadura próxima ao ouvido e ansiedade. Os choques acústicos podem causar trauma coclear. O uso de Headsets não parece causar mais fadiga que ruido com outras origens, desde que com a mesma intensidade. A maioria dos operadores de Call Center trabalha em espaço aberto, com colegas, o que potencia a exposição ao ruído. Quanto mais elevado este for, mais alto é colocado o som do equipamento, para conseguir ouvir a chamada. A suscetibilidade à perda de audição apresenta variabilidade individual e interação com algumas comorbidades (como tabagismo, hipertensão arterial, diabetes e dislipidemia); bem como sexo e idade. A maioria dos operadores de Call Center ouve bem; apesar de mencionarem dificuldade em perceber as palavras com o ruído ambiente e zumbido. Discussão e Conclusões: Ainda que seja bastante frequente estes trabalhadores referirem, durante as consultas de Medicina do Trabalho, queixas que associam ao ruido global (com destaque pelo produzido pelos Headsets); na realidade, a bibliografia sobre o tema é escassa e pouco robusta. Ainda assim, nela estão descritas algumas indicações muito sumárias para tentar minorar os danos e potenciar o bem-estar, satisfação e produtividade dos profissionais que usam este tipo de equipamento. Seria interessante investigar um pouco melhor o assunto, perceber melhor o panorama nacional e divulgar tal em publicações científicas.

Abstract This article interrogates the intersection between writing and visuality in Celan’s poetics, based on the following route: a first section focuses on the impact of his encounter with Gisèle Lestrange, giving an account of Celan’s recognition of the significant imprint that Lestrange’s art of engraving leaves on his own poetic exercise. The growing use of terms from the art of engraving, both in his poetry and in his poetological reflections, will allow us to understand the relationship that the poet maintains with certain forms of critical imagination coming from the visual arts. In a second section, we trace how The Meridian, the title of her decisive poetological manifest, finds its space of germination in an engraving that Lestrange sends to Nelly Sachs, and in whose lines the poet recognizes, as in her correspondence with Celan, «meridians of the pain and consolation». A third section takes up Derrida’s question regarding how to read the practice of language carving in Celan. A final section succinctly addresses the relationship between image and resistance, based on the drawing of burning candles that Celan made as a child and the «call to poets» that he received from the anarchist Gustav Landauer.

Resumen El presente artículo interroga el cruce entre escritura y visualidad en la poética de Celan, a partir del siguiente recorrido: un primer apartado se detiene en la incidencia que tiene su encuentro con Gisèle Lestrange, lo que permite dar cuenta del reconocimiento, por parte de Celan, de la significativa impronta que deja el arte del grabado de Lestrange en su propio ejercicio poético. El creciente uso de términos provenientes del arte del grabado, tanto en su poesía como en sus reflexiones poetológicas, permitirá comprender la relación que el poeta sostiene con ciertas formas de imaginación crítica provenientes de las artes visuales. En un segundo apartado, rastreamos cómo El meridiano, título de su decisivo manifiesto poetológico, encuentra su espacio de germinación en un grabado que Lestrange envía a Nelly Sachs, y en cuyas líneas la poeta reconoce, como apunta en su correspondencia con Celan, «meridianos del dolor y del consuelo». Un tercer acápite retoma la pregunta de Derrida respecto de cómo leer en Celan la práctica de la entalladura del lenguaje. Un último apartado aborda sucintamente la relación entre imagen y resistencia, a partir del dibujo de velas ardiendo que Celan realiza cuando niño y del «llamado a los poetas» que le llega del anarquista Gustav Landauer.

Abstract The global scientific community has identified areas with anomalous warming in various areas of the planet; among which is the Hot Blob and/or “Warm Spot”. Various authors assign it a determining role in the Megadrought process in the Arid Andes. This sea surface temperature anomaly in eastern New Zealand has been gradually warming, however, it should be noted that approximately since the mid-2000s it has warmed more rapidly. Apparently the hand of man, as a result of human activity and the burning of fossil fuels, has influenced it. In this article, because the relationship between the Hot Blob and Global Climate Change is not objectively explicit, global temperature is implemented as an index to assess the association between it and the Warm Spot.

Resumen La comunidad científica mundial ha identificado áreas con un calentamiento anómalo en diversas zonas del planeta; entre las que se encuentra la Hot Blob y/o “Mancha Cálida”. Diversos autores le asignan un rol determinante en el proceso de megasequía en los Andes Áridos. Esta anomalía de la temperatura superficial del mar en el este de Nueva Zelanda, se ha ido calentando paulatinamente, sin embargo, se advierte que aproximadamente desde mediados de los 2000 se calentó con mayor velocidad. Al parecer la mano del hombre, como resultado de la actividad humana y la quema de combustibles fósiles, ha incidido en ella. En este artículo, debido a que la relación entre la Hot Blob y el Cambio Climático Global, no es explícita objetivamente, se implementa la temperatura global como índice para valuar asociación entre aquel y la Mancha Cálida.

Finos de carvão vegetal são coprodutos da carbonização da madeira, indesejados por diminuir o rendimento gravimétrico em carvão vegetal. São produzidos devido ao processo de carbonização, durante o armazenamento e transporte do carvão vegetal. A pelletização de finos aumenta a densidade energética, produzindo um combustível homogêneo e com menor teor de umidade, possibilitando a queima em equipamentos com alta eficiência energética, além de propriedades desejáveis em produtos energéticos como alto teor de carbono fixo e baixo teor de umidade. Este estudo avaliou o efeito do teor de umidade e do tempo de secagem na produção de black pellets a partir de finos de carvão vegetal ligados com amido de arroz (Oryza sativa) nas características físico-químicas e mecânicas. Os black pellets foram produzidos utilizando duas proporções de água (10 ou 20%) e tempo de secagem de 4 ou 6 horas. Os black pellets foram avaliados quanto à análise química imediata, composição elementar, teor de umidade, tamanho, densidade aparente, poder calorífico e densidade energética. A adição de água não afetou o teor de voláteis, cinzas e carbono fixo, enquanto o tratamento com adição de 20% de água e quatro horas de secagem apresentou maior teor de umidade (3,34%). A adição de água permitiu melhor condução de calor e disposição das partículas, produzindo pellets com durabilidade superior a 98%. A melhor disposição promovida pela adição de 20% de água também aumentou a densidade dos pellets, resultando em maior densidade energética. Os black pellets podem ser considerados uma boa alternativa para aquecimento residencial, com tratamento T3 (20% de umidade - 4h de secagem) apresentando elevada densidade energética e melhor desempenho em termos de propriedades desejáveis para utilização e comercialização de acordo com a norma EN 14961-6.

Charcoal fines are co-products of the wood carbonization process, unwanted because they reduce the gravimetric yield of the main product, charcoal. It can be produced due to the carbonization process, during the storage and transport of charcoal. Pelletizing charcoal fines increases the energy density of this material, producing a homogeneous fuel with lower moisture content, enabling burning in equipment with high energy efficiency, in addition to desirable properties in energy products such as high fixed carbon content and low moisture content. This study evaluated the effect of moisture content and drying time on the production of black pellets from charcoal fines bound with rice starch (Oryza sativa) on the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics. Black pellets were produced using two proportions of water (10 or 20%) and a drying time of 4 or 6 hours. Black pellets were evaluated for their proximate analysis, elemental composition, moisture content, size, apparent density, calorific value and energy density. The addition of water did not affect the content of volatile matter, ash, and fixed carbon, while the treatment with addition of 20% water and four hours of drying showed a higher moisture content (3.34%). The addition of water allowed for better heat conduction and particle arrangement, producing pellets with a durability greater than 98%. The better arrangement promoted by the addition of 20% water also increased the density of the pellets, resulting in greater energy density. Black pellets can be considered an alternative for residential heating, with T3 treatment (20% - 4h) with a high energy density and better performance in terms of desirable properties for use and commercialization according to the standard EN 14961-6.

RESUMEN Las quemas controladas son comúnmente utilizadas por los agricultores en tierras de vocación forestal para la limpieza del terreno previo al establecimiento de cultivos agrícolas. El presente trabajo experimental tuvo como objetivo evaluar el comportamiento del fuego en quemas controladas en tierras de vocación forestal en la comuna Sancán, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador. Se delimitaron 10 parcelas de 1,18 x 5 m en hileras de combustible y tres parcelas de 20 x 50 m en combustibles dispersos. Durante la quema se midieron las variables temperatura del aire, humedad relativa y velocidad del viento a 0,50 metros de altura del suelo y a más de 3,00 m de distancia del extremo de la parcela por donde se inició el fuego. El material combustible se caracterizó considerando peso, espesura y contenido de humedad antes de la quema. Los parámetros del comportamiento del fuego evaluados fueron velocidad de propagación, intensidad lineal del fuego, alturas de las llamas, altura de secado letal y calor liberado por unidad de área. El comportamiento del fuego mostró valores medios superiores para todos los parámetros en las parcelas ubicadas en las hileras de combustible, excepto para el caso de la velocidad de propagación. Además, en esas parcelas los valores de la desviación estándar obtenidos para cada variable indican mayor dispersión de los datos con respecto a la media lo cual supone un comportamiento del fuego menos homogéneo en sentido general. Los resultados obtenidos pueden ser utilizados para fundamentar el uso responsable del fuego en tierras de vocación forestal.

RESUMO A queima controlada é comumente usada por agricultores em terras florestais para limpar a terra antes do estabelecimento de culturas agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho experimental foi avaliar o comportamento do fogo em queimadas controladas em terras florestais na comuna de Sancán, província de Manabí, Equador. Foram delimitadas 10 parcelas de 1,18 x 5 m em fileiras de combustíveis e três parcelas de 20 x 50 m em combustíveis dispersos. Durante a queima, as variáveis temperatura do ar, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento foram medidas a 0,50 metros do solo e a mais de 3,00 m de distância do final da parcela onde ocorreu o incêndio. O material combustível foi caracterizado considerando peso, espessura e teor de umidade antes da queima. Os parâmetros de comportamento do fogo avaliados foram velocidade de propagação, intensidade linear do fogo, altura das chamas, altura de secagem letal e calor liberado por unidade de área. O comportamento do fogo apresentou maiores valores médios para todos os parâmetros nas parcelas localizadas nas linhas de combustível, exceto para o caso da velocidade de propagação. Além disso, nestas parcelas os valores de desvio padrão obtidos para cada variável indicam maior dispersão dos dados em relação à média, o que implica um comportamento do fogo menos homogéneo de uma forma geral. Os resultados obtidos podem ser utilizados para apoiar o uso responsável do fogo em terras florestais.

ABSTRACT Controlled burning is commonly used by farmers on forestry lands to clear the land prior to establishing agricultural crops. The objective of this experimental work was to evaluate the behavior of fire in controlled burning on forestry lands in the Sancán commune, province of Manabí, Ecuador. 10 plots of 1.18 x 5 m were delimited in fuel rows and three plots of 20 x 50 m in dispersed fuels. During the burning, the variables air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were measured at 0.50 meters above the ground and more than 3.00 m away from the end of the plot where the fire started. The fuel material was characterized considering weight, thickness and moisture content before burning. The fire behavior parameters evaluated were propagation speed, linear fire intensity, flame heights, lethal drying height and heat released per unit area. Fire behavior showed higher mean values for all parameters in the plots located in the fuel rows, except for the case of propagation speed. Besides, in these plots, the standard deviation values obtained for each variable indicate greater dispersion of the data with respect to the mean, which implies less homogeneous fire behavior in a general sense. The results obtained can be used to support the responsible use of fire in forestry lands.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Digital visual syndrome or digital visual fatigue is a disease caused by the ocular fatigue provoked by spending much time in front of a screen. Objective: To diagnose the digital visual syndrome in patients under 35 years assisted in the refraction service. Methods: A prospective descriptive and cross-sectional study of patients assisted in the refraction service of the Specialties Polyclinic in Saturnino Lora Teaching Clinical Surgical Provincial Hospital, was carried out from April to June, 2022. Results: There was a prevalence of patients aged 26 and 35 and female sex; the most frequent symptoms were visual fatigue, ocular burning, dry eye sensation, closely blurred vision, red eye and headache after visual effort. The most used digital devices were the cellphone and the computer with a time of use from one to three hours, with emphasis in the last one with more than 4 hours. The refractive defects constituted the main cause of visual limitations. The patients with digital visual syndrome and some type of ametropia without correction were those with more symptoms, followed by the patients inadequately corrected. Conclusions: This syndrome affects the youngest population to a great extent. The appropriate interrogation and the incorporation of correct procedures in the daily optometric study allowed the diagnosis of such a syndrome in the assisted patients and the pertinent optic correction.

RESUMEN Introducción: El síndrome visual informático o fatiga visual digital es una enfermedad causada por el cansancio ocular que provoca el pasar mucho tiempo frente a una pantalla. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el síndrome visual informático en pacientes menores de 35 años atendidos en la consulta de refracción. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo prospectivo y transversal de pacientes atendidos en la consulta de refracción del Policlínico Especialidades del Hospital Provincial Docente Clínicoquirúrgico Saturnino Lora, durante el periodo de abril a junio de 2022. Resultados: Predominaron los pacientes en las edades comprendidas entre 26 y 35 años y del sexo femenino; los síntomas más frecuentes fueron el cansancio visual, ardor ocular, sensación de ojo seco, visión borrosa de cerca, ojo rojo y el dolor de cabeza después del esfuerzo visual. Los dispositivos digitales más usados fueron el celular y la computadora con un tiempo de uso de una a tres horas, destacándose este último con un tiempo superior a 4 horas. Los defectos refractivos constituyeron la principal causa de limitaciones visuales. Los pacientes con síndrome visual informático y alguna ametropía sin corrección fueron los que mayor cantidad de síntomas tuvieron, seguidos de los pacientes corregidos inadecuadamente. Conclusiones: Este síndrome afecta en gran medida a la población más joven. El adecuado interrogatorio y la incorporación de los procedimientos correctos en el estudio optométrico diario permitió el diagnóstico de tal síndrome en los pacientes atendidos y la corrección óptica pertinente.

ABSTRACT Standardized fuel models are a useful tool to predict fire behavior and propose forest fire suppression strategies. The aim was to compare the simulations of fire behavior with the result of a prescribed burn in an oak-pine forest in Guerrero, Mexico. Leaf litter (Ho), and mulch (Ma) samples were collected in 0.09 m2 at the end of the planar intersection lines for woody fuel sampling. The simulations in the FUEGO system were based on: a) field fuel loads, and b) theoretical loads of models 8 and 9. During the development of the burning, the temperature (T), relative humidity (HR), speed of the wind (VV), flame height (ALL) and fire spread speed (VP). The fuel load of 11 t ha-1 led to a PV = 1.07 m min-1 and ALL = 0.65 m for burning against the slope. The simulations with a mean square error (CME) of 0.11 showed acceptable values of ALL (0.54 and 0.64 m) except for the ALL-M8 model with 0.24 m (p < 0.05). The VP-real did not present statistical diferences with the simulations for values of 0.40 and 1.78 m with a CME = 0.54 and 1.56, the VP-9 and VP-M9 models provided high simulation values compared to the VP-M8 (p < 0.05). Fire behavior responded to changes in HR, VV and spatial distribution of fuels in the field.

RESUMEN Los modelos de combustibles estandarizados son una herramienta útil para predecir el comportamiento del fuego y plantear estrategias de supresión de incendios forestales. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar las simulaciones del comportamiento del fuego con el resultado de una quema prescrita en un bosque de encino-pino en Guerrero, México. Se colectaron muestras de hojarasca (Ho) y mantillo (Ma) en 0.09 m2 al final de las líneas de intersección planar para el muestreo de combustibles leñosos. Las simulaciones en el sistema FUEGO se basaron en: a) cargas de combustible de campo y b) cargas teóricas de los modelos 8 y 9. Durante el desarrollo de la quema se monitoreo la temperatura (T), humedad relativa (HR), velocidad del viento (VV), altura de llama (ALL) y velocidad de propagación del fuego (VP). La carga de combustible 11 t ha-1, propicio una VP = 1.07 m min-1 y ALL = 0.65 m para quemas en contra de la pendiente. Las simulaciones con un cuadrado medio del error (CME) de 0.11, evidenciaron valores aceptables de ALL (0.54 y 0.64 m) a excepción del modelo ALL-M8 con 0.24 m (p < 0.05). La VP-real no presento diferencias estadísticas con las simulaciones para valores de 0.40 y 1.78 m con un CME = 0.54 y 1.56, los modelos VP-9 y VP-M9 propiciaron valores de simulación altos, respecto a la VP-M8 (p < 0.05). El comportamiento del fuego respondió a los cambios de HR, VV y distribución espacial de los combustibles en el terreno.

Abstract The production of seedlings of the passion fruit tree, usually, is sexual, and the seeds are not uniform in the seedling emergence, and soaking treatments of seeds can provide faster and more uniform germination. It was aimed to study the action of plant growth regulators and the mobilization of reserves in the stages of soaking of yellow passion fruit seeds. The seeds were soaked for five hours in solutions containing plant growth regulators, in a completely randomized design, in a factorial 8 x 4, with four replications. The first factor corresponds to eight plant growth regulators: T1 - distilled water (control); T2 - 6-benzylaminepurine 500 mg L-1; T3 - 4-(3-indolyl) butyric acid 500 mg L-1; T4 - gibberellic acid 500 mg L-1; T5 - spermine 250 mg L-1; T6 - spermine 750 mg L-1; T7 - spermidine 750 mg L-1; T8 - spermidine 1250 mg L-1; and the second factor, to the four soaking times: zero, four, 72 and 120 hours, corresponding, respectively, to the dry seed, and to phases I, II, and III of the imbibition curve. It was evaluated the biochemical composition of seeds (lipids, soluble sugars and starch). The seeds showed accumulation of lipids in phase III; the content of soluble sugars increased in phase I and decreased in phase II. The starch content increased until the phase II and decreased in phase III. Starch is the main reserve in the seeds and the main source of energy used in phase III; soaking the seeds in polyamines generates an accumulation of lipids in the seeds and soaking in plant growth regulators increases the burning of starch. tree usually sexual emergence germination design 4 replications T control (control) 6benzylaminepurine benzylaminepurine 6 50 L1 L 1 L-1 43indolyl indolyl 3 4-(3-indolyl 25 75 125 times zero 7 12 corresponding respectively seed curve lipids, (lipids . starch) (control 5 L- 2

Resumo A produção de mudas de maracujazeiro, geralmente, é sexuada, e as sementes não são uniformes na emergência das plântulas, e tratamentos de embebição das sementes podem proporcionar uma germinação mais rápida e uniforme. Objetivou-se estudar a ação de reguladores vegetais e a mobilização de reservas nas etapas de embebição de sementes de maracujá amarelo. As sementes foram embebidas por cinco horas em soluções contendo reguladores vegetais, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 8 X 4, com quatro repetições. O primeiro fator correspondeu a oito reguladores vegetais: T1 - água destilada (testemunha); T2 - 6-benzilaminapurina 500 mg L-1; T3 - ácido 4-(3-indolil)butírico 500 mg L-1; T4 - ácido giberélico 500 mg L-1; T5 - espermina 250 mg L-1; T6 - espermina 750 mg L-1; T7 - espermidina 750 mg L-1; T8 - espermidina 1250 mg L-1; e o segundo fator, aos quatro tempos de embebição: zero, quatro, 72 e 120 horas, correspondendo, respectivamente, à semente seca, e às fases I, II e III da curva de embebição. Foi avaliada a composição bioquímica das sementes (lipídeos, açúcares solúveis e amido). As sementes apresentaram acúmulo de lipídeos na fase III; o teor de açúcares solúveis aumentou na fase I e diminuiu na fase II. O teor de amido aumentou até a fase II e diminuiu na fase III. O amido é a principal reserva nas sementes e a principal fonte de energia utilizada na fase III; a embebição das sementes em poliaminas gera um acúmulo de lipídios nas sementes e a embebição em reguladores de crescimento vegetal aumenta a queima do amido. maracujazeiro geralmente sexuada plântulas uniforme Objetivouse Objetivou se amarelo casualizado 4 repetições T testemunha (testemunha) 6benzilaminapurina benzilaminapurina 6 50 L1 L 1 L-1 43indolilbutírico indolilbutírico 3 indolil butírico 25 75 125 zero 7 12 correspondendo respectivamente seca lipídeos, (lipídeos . amido) (testemunha 5 L- 2

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las características de la piel y la calidad de vida de pacientes con cáncer de mama en tratamiento con radioterapia. Método: Estudio transversal con 60 mujeres. Se aplicaron la escala de clasificación de alteraciones cutáneas por exposición a radiaciones ionizantes (RTOG) y las versiones validadas en portugués de las que clasificaban tipos de piel (Fitzpatrick), síntomas (RISRAS) y calidad de vida (DLQI) en el período comprendido entre diciembre 2021 y octubre de 2022. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron el Test Exacto de Fisher, Chi-Cuadrado y el Test de Independencia General Asintótica. Resultados: El 100% de los pacientes evaluados sobre la piel. A medida que avanzaba el tratamiento y aparecía o empeoraba la radiodermatitis, hubo tendencia a aumentar la intensidad de los signos y síntomas, tales como: sensibilidad, malestar o dolor, visualización, ardor y calor, descamación seca y húmeda, que pudieron haber tenido una impacto en la calidad de vida y reflejado en otros aspectos, como: actividades de compra o salidas (p=0,0020), actividades sociales o de ocio (p=0,0420). Conclusión: La radiodermatitis es una afección común que afecta a mujeres con cáncer de mama, sometidas a radioterapia, las características de la piel y la calidad de vida de las pacientes afectadas durante este tratamiento. Objetivo radioterapia Método 6 RTOG (RTOG Fitzpatrick, Fitzpatrick , (Fitzpatrick) RISRAS (RISRAS DLQI (DLQI 202 2022 Fisher ChiCuadrado Chi Cuadrado Asintótica Resultados 100 como sensibilidad dolor visualización calor húmeda aspectos p=0,0020, p00020 p p=0,0020 0 0020 (p=0,0020) p=0,0420. p00420 p=0,0420 . 0420 (p=0,0420) Conclusión (Fitzpatrick 20 10 p0002 p=0,002 002 (p=0,0020 p0042 p=0,042 042 (p=0,0420 2 1 p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,002 p004 p=0,04 04 (p=0,042 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 (p=0,04 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the skin characteristics and quality of life of patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with 60 women. The classification scales of skin changes resulting from exposure to ionizing radiation (RTOG) and the validated versions in Portuguese of those that classified skin types (Fitzpatrick), symptoms (RISRAS) and quality of life (DLQI) were applied. in the period between December 2021 and October 2022. For data analysis, Fisher’s Exact Test, Chi-Square and Asymptotic General Independence Test were used. Results: 100% of patients had skin irritation. As the treatment progressed and the radiodermatitis appeared or worsened, there was a tendency for the intensity of signs and symptoms to increase, such as: sensitivity, discomfort or pain, itching, burning and heat, dry and wet desquamation, which may have impacted the quality of life and reflected in other aspects, such as: shopping activities or outings (p=0.0020), social activities or leisure activities (p=0.0420). Conclusion: Radiodermatitis is a common condition that affects women with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, skin characteristics and quality of life of patients affected during this treatment. Objective radiotherapy Method Crosssectional Cross sectional 6 RTOG (RTOG Fitzpatrick, Fitzpatrick , (Fitzpatrick) RISRAS (RISRAS DLQI (DLQI applied 202 2022 analysis Fishers Fisher s ChiSquare Chi Square used Results 100 irritation worsened increase as sensitivity pain itching heat desquamation aspects p=0.0020, p00020 p p=0.0020 0 0020 (p=0.0020) p=0.0420. p00420 p=0.0420 . 0420 (p=0.0420) Conclusion (Fitzpatrick 20 10 p0002 p=0.002 002 (p=0.0020 p0042 p=0.042 042 (p=0.0420 2 1 p000 p=0.00 00 (p=0.002 p004 p=0.04 04 (p=0.042 p00 p=0.0 (p=0.00 (p=0.04 p0 p=0. (p=0.0 p=0 (p=0. p= (p=0 (p= (p

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as características da pele e a qualidade de vida de pacientes com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia. Método: Estudo transversal com 60 mulheres. Foram aplicadas as escalas de classificação das alterações cutâneas decorrentes da exposição à radiação ionizante (RTOG) e as versões validadas em português das que classificaram os tipos de pele (Fitzpatrick), os sintomas (RISRAS) e a qualidade de vida (DLQI), no período entre dezembro de 2021 e outubro de 2022. Para a análise de dados, foram utilizados os Testes Exato de Fisher, Qui-Quadrado e Teste de Independência Geral Assintótica. Resultados: 100% das pacientes apresentaram irritação na pele. À medida que o tratamento avançou e que a radiodermatite surgiu ou se agravou, houve maior tendência de intensidade de sinais e sintomas, como: sensibilidade, desconforto ou dor, coceira, queimação e calor, descamação seca e úmida, o que pode ter impactado na qualidade de vida e refletido em outros aspectos, como: atividades de compras ou passeios (p=0,0020), programação social ou atividade de lazer (p=0,0420). Conclusão: A radiodermatite é uma condição comum que afeta as mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia, as características da pele e a qualidade de vida das pacientes são afetadas durante esse tratamento. Objetivo radioterapia Método 6 RTOG (RTOG Fitzpatrick, Fitzpatrick , (Fitzpatrick) RISRAS (RISRAS DLQI, DLQI (DLQI) 202 2022 dados Fisher QuiQuadrado Qui Quadrado Assintótica Resultados 100 agravou como sensibilidade dor coceira calor úmida aspectos p=0,0020, p00020 p p=0,0020 0 0020 (p=0,0020) p=0,0420. p00420 p=0,0420 . 0420 (p=0,0420) Conclusão (Fitzpatrick (DLQI 20 10 p0002 p=0,002 002 (p=0,0020 p0042 p=0,042 042 (p=0,0420 2 1 p000 p=0,00 00 (p=0,002 p004 p=0,04 04 (p=0,042 p00 p=0,0 (p=0,00 (p=0,04 p0 p=0, (p=0,0 p=0 (p=0, p= (p=0 (p= (p

This study aimed to assess how a partial lockdown due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic affected air quality in four cities with dissimilar characteristics. In three cities, Araraquara (ARQ), Presidente Prudente (PPE), and Santos (STS), reductions in NO2 concentrations were observed due to social distancing. Conversely, in Santa Gertrudes (SGD), NO2 concentrations increased, indicating that a brief pause in ceramics industry activity was not sufficient to reduce NO2 emissions. A variable behavior was observed in O3 concentrations; in some cases, it followed the trends observed in previous years, but in others, an increase or decrease in concentrations was observed due to variations in concentrations of NO2 and volatile organic compounds and/or climatic conditions. Particulate matter (PM) concentrations decreased in SGD and STS due to social distancing, meteorological conditions, such as wind speed, and reductions in industrial and port activities. Nevertheless, in the cities of ARQ and PPE, particulate matter with aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 µm (PM10) concentrations were elevated during the pandemic period, due to numerous biomass burning events in 2020. Thus, although vehicular and industrial emission control/reduction policies are effective in improving air quality, they may not be sufficient to achieve air quality standards if they are not combined with more restrictive measures to manage biomass burning. 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 characteristics ARQ, , (ARQ) PPE (PPE) STS, (STS) NO distancing Conversely SGD, (SGD) increased emissions O cases years others andor conditions PM (PM speed activities Nevertheless 1 PM10 (PM10 period 2020 Thus controlreduction control reduction 20 COVID1 (COVID-1 (ARQ (PPE (STS (SGD PM1 (PM1 202 2 (COVID- (COVID