RESUMO Os percevejos-das-gramíneas [Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae)] sugam a seiva de espécies forrageiras suscetíveis e injetam toxinas que destroem os vasos condutores e dificultam o transporte de água e nutrientes, levando as plantas a morte. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência por antixenose e tolerância em oito poáceas forrageiras à B. pulchellus e comparar as características anatômicas dos tecidos das bainhas foliares de espécies/cultivares resistentes e suscetíveis. Os ensaios foram conduzidos em laboratório e casa de vegetação, em testes com e sem chance de escolha, utilizando-se as forrageiras: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. humidicola, U. brizantha ‘Piatã’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, Panicum maximum ‘Mombaça’, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, e Andropogon gayanus. Os resultados de oviposição demonstraram que no teste de escolha houve uma mudança no comportamento do percevejo em relação às gramíneas quatro horas após infestação, sendo U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’ e A. gayanus menos atrativos para os insetos. Conclui-se que U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, e A. gayanus são menos atrativas a B. pulchellus. A. gayanus, e P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ e ‘Zuri’ apresentam resistência do tipo não-preferência para oviposição a B. pulchellus. A resistência de U. humidicola, P. maximum Zuri, e A. gayanus a B. pulchellus pode estar associada a maior compactação e lignificação das células dos tecidos parenquimático e esclerenquimático das bainhas foliares. percevejosdasgramíneas percevejos Blissus Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae Blissidae) nutrientes morte Assim B espéciescultivares cultivares vegetação utilizandose utilizando se ruziziensis U humidicola ‘Piatã, Piatã ‘Piatã , ‘Piatã’ ‘Paiaguás, Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás’ ‘Marandu, Marandu ‘Marandu ‘Mombaça, Mombaça ‘Mombaça P ‘Zuri, Zuri ‘Zuri infestação insetos Concluise Conclui nãopreferência não preferência

ABSTRACT Chinch bugs [Blissus pulchellus Montandon (Hemiptera: Blissidae)] suck the phloem from susceptible forage grasses, injecting toxins that destroy plant vessels and compromise the flow of water and nutrients, leading to plant death. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess eight forage grasses for antixenosis resistance to B. pulchellus and compare the anatomical characteristics of leaf sheath tissue from resistant and susceptible species/cultivars. Experiments were conducted in a laboratory and greenhouse, using choice and no-choice tests with the following forage grasses: Urochloa ruziziensis, U. humidicola, U. brizantha ‘Piatã’, U. brizantha ‘Paiaguás’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, Panicum maximum ‘Mombaça’, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, and Andropogon gayanus. The oviposition results demonstrated that in the choice test there was a change in the stink bug’s behavior in relation to grasses four hours after infestation, with U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’ and A. gayanus, proving to be less attractive to insects. It is concluded that U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’, U. brizantha ‘Marandu’, and A. gayanus are less attractive to B. pulchellus. A. gayanus and P. maximum ‘Mombaça’ and ‘Zuri’ showed non-preference resistance (antixenosis) to oviposition by B. pulchellus. The resistance of U. humidicola, P. maximum ‘Zuri’, and A. gayanus to B. pulchellus may be associated with greater compaction and lignification of the parenchyma and sclerenchyma cells of leaf sheaths. Blissus Hemiptera (Hemiptera Blissidae Blissidae) nutrients death Thus B speciescultivars species cultivars species/cultivars greenhouse nochoice no ruziziensis U humidicola ‘Piatã, Piatã ‘Piatã , ‘Piatã’ ‘Paiaguás, Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás ‘Paiaguás’ ‘Marandu, Marandu ‘Marandu ‘Mombaça, Mombaça ‘Mombaça P ‘Zuri, Zuri ‘Zuri bug s infestation A insects nonpreference non preference (antixenosis sheaths

Abstract Several publications have reported the occurrence of triatomines in urban areas of the Americas. Four species of triatomines are reported in the municipality of Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil: Panstrongylus megistus, Rhodnius neglectus, Triatoma infestans, and T. sordida. Although already notified to the municipality, we present the record of household invasion by R. neglectus in urban area in the Araraquara. This occurrence reinforces the concern over urbanization by R. neglectus in the state of São Paulo, with reports of colonization and home invasion in various municipalities.

Resumen Varias publicaciones han reportado la presencia de triatominos en áreas urbanas de las Américas. Cuatro especies de triatominos se reportan en el municipio de Araraquara, São Paulo, Brasil: Panstrongylus megistus, Rhodnius neglectus, Triatoma infestans y T. sordida. Aunque ya se notificado a la municipalidad, presentamos el registro de invasión domiciliaria por parte de R. neglectus en el área urbana de Araraquara. Este hecho refuerza la preocupación por la urbanización de R. neglectus en el estado de São Paulo, con relatos de colonización e invasión de viviendas en diversos municipios.

Abstract From the diversity of phytophagous stink bugs found in rice fields in Itapecuru-Mirim, Maranhão, we have the first record of Edessa meditabunda in the crop, and the second record in Brazil of Paratibraca dubia. Additionally, Tibraca limbativentris, Oebalus poecilus, and Oebalus ypsilongriseus were observed.

Resumen Dentro de la diversidad de chinches fitófagos encontrados en campos de arroz en Itapecuru-Mirim, Maranhão, tenemos el primer registro de Edessa meditabunda en el cultivo y el segundo registro en Brasil de Paratibraca dubia. Además, se observaron Tibraca limbativentris, Oebalus poecilus y Oebalus ypsilongriseus.

Resumo O setor florestal brasileiro se destaca pela tecnologia, práticas de manejo florestal, responsabilidade social e ambiental e, principalmente, alta produtividade, mas pragas exóticas podem reduzir isto. O parasitoide Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), percevejos predadores e fungos entomopatogênicos como Beauveria bassiana e Metarhizium anisopliae são inimigos naturais usados no controle biológico do psilídeo-de-concha do eucalipto Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae), praga em plantios de eucalipto. A utilização de fungos entomopatogênicos contra pragas exóticas vem aumentando no setor florestal e a prospecção e identificação de isolados fúngicos é importante para o manejo integrado de pragas. O objetivo deste estudo foi o isolamento e identificação molecular de Cordyceps spp. e avaliar a patogenicidade dos isolados de Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e Cordyceps fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63), obtidos de adultos de Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), ao psilídeo-de-concha G. brimblecombei. Os fungos foram isolados de adultos de B. tabaci encontrados em culturas de soja e tomate e identificados molecularmente. Os conídios foram suspensos em solução com Tween 80 (0,1%) na concentração de 1,0 x 108 conídios/mL e pulverizados sobre dez ninfas de G. brimblecombei por folha de Eucalyptus cortada e colocada sobre gel hidrorretentor no interior de placas de Petri por repetição. O número de insetos mortos foi quantificado, diariamente, por sete dias e transferidos para câmaras úmidas. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) e C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 e LCBPF 63) foram identificados por análise molecular e todos os isolados foram patogênicos para os insetos. Isto indica serem importantes para o manejo de G. brimblecombei e confirma relatos de que, normalmente, fungos causam maiores mortalidades em insetos da mesma ordem daquela da qual foram isolados.

Abstract The Brazilian forestry sector stands out for its technology, forestry management practices, social and environmental responsibility and, mainly, for its high productivity and exotic pests can reduce it. The red gum lerp psyllid Glycaspis brimblecombei (Moore, 1964) (Hemiptera: Aphalaridae) is an important pest in Eucalyptus plantations. The parasitoid Psyllaephagus bliteus (Riek, 1962) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), predatory bugs and entomopathogenic fungi such as Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae are the natural enemies and used in the biological control of the red gum lerp psyllid. The use of entomopathogenic fungi against exotic pests is increasing in the forestry sector and the prospecting and identification of fungus isolates is important for integrated pest management. The objective of this work was the isolation and molecular identification of Cordyceps spp. And to evaluate the pathogenicity of isolates, obtained from Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) adults, against to the red gum lerp psyllid G. brimblecombei. The fungi were isolated from B. tabaci adults found in soybean and tomato crops and molecularly identified. The conidia obtained were suspended in solution with Tween 80 (0.1%) at a concentration of 1.0 × 108 conidia/mL and sprayed on ten G. brimblecombei nymphs per Eucalyptus leaf cut and placed on a hydroretentive gel inside per Petri dishes as a replication. The number of dead insects was quantified, daily, for seven days, and transferred to humid chambers. Cordyceps javanica (LCBPF 11) and C. fumosorosea (LCBPF 12 and LCBPF 63) were identified with a molecular analysis and all isolates were pathogenic to the insects and indicates that they could be used to manage G. brimblecombei and adds to reports that, normally, fungi cause greater mortality on insects of the same order as that from which they were isolated.

Bathycoelia distincta is one of the most dominant stink bug pests associated with macadamia orchards in South Africa. Understanding the toxicity and sublethal effects of insecticides on this pest is essential for its effective management. This study tested four commercial insecticide formulations, consisting of one organophosphate (acephate) and three pyrethroids (lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and tau-fluvalinate). The toxicity of these insecticides and their behavioural effects on mobility were assessed. The sublethal effects of lambda-cyhalothrin on the biological parameters of parent B. distincta (F0) and offspring generations (F1) were also determined by treating B. distincta adults with sublethal concentrations (LC10 and LC30). In toxicity bioassays, acephate was more toxic to B. distincta than lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and tau-fluvalinate. Behavioural changes were only observed in bugs exposed to pyrethroids, resulting in an increase in the distance walked and decrease of angular velocity. In the F0 generation, LC30 reduced the fecundity whereas the LC10 and LC30 accelerated development of the F1 generation. These results suggest that pyrethroids may enhance the dispersal of this pest and stimulate the growth of offspring populations. Further experiments should be conducted to confirm these results and understand the mechanism of action of pyrethroids on B. distincta.

Abstract Latin American and the Caribbean regions (LAC) harbor one of the most biodiverse areas of the world, the Neotropics. True bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) are a diverse lineage of insects, with more than 45,000 species, particularly speciose in the Neotropical region. True bugs are fundamental in the dynamics of natural and modified ecosystems, with several species critical to agriculture and public health. We compiled Heteroptera research in LAC from 1998–2022 using bibliographic databases. Productivity, collaborative networks, and the main topics studied were analyzed. A total of 1,651 Heteroptera studies from LAC were found, with continuous growth being 2021 the most prolific. Four categories (Taxonomy of extant species, Faunistic inventories and new records, Pest species biology, and Community ecology) represent most of the published research. About 60 percent of the records evaluated correspond to five families (Pentatomidae, Reduviidae, Coreidae, Miridae, and Rhyparochromidae). We emphasize the need to keep working on Heteroptera taxonomy because it will allow further advances in other areas such as phylogenetic analyses, biogeography, ecology, and natural history, among others. The results of our analyses characterize the current state of heteropterology in the region, establishing a baseline for future studies and efforts to broaden the knowledge of the group. (LAC world Neotropics Hemiptera (Hemiptera insects 45000 45 000 45,00 region ecosystems health 19982022 1998 2022 1998–202 databases Productivity networks analyzed 1651 1 651 1,65 found 202 prolific Taxonomy biology ecology 6 Pentatomidae, Pentatomidae (Pentatomidae Reduviidae Coreidae Miridae Rhyparochromidae. Rhyparochromidae . Rhyparochromidae) biogeography history others group 4500 4 00 45,0 1998202 199 1998–20 165 65 1,6 20 450 0 45, 199820 19 1998–2 16 1, 2 19982 1998–

ABSTRACT The rice stink bug, Tibraca limbativentris Stål (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), is a significant pest of rice cultivation in Brazil and attacks plants during both vegetative and reproductive phases. Natural enemy surveys conducted in plantations located in Arari, Miranda do Norte, Matões do Norte, Santa Rita, and Viana (state of Maranhão, Brazil) led to the discovery of a new species of parasitoid, which is described in this study. Hexacladia lemosae Costa, Noyes & Machado sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) is the first species of its genus associated with T. limbativentris and develops as a gregarious endoparasitoid in adult stink bugs, occasionally in nymphs. The parasitoid emerges from the host while host is still alive. bug Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pentatomidae, Pentatomidae , Pentatomidae) phases Arari Norte Rita state Maranhão study Costa sp nov Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Encyrtidae T bugs nymphs alive

ABSTRACT The horizontal transmission of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana Unioeste 76 strain among adults of Euschistus heros was evaluated in the laboratory and greenhouse using sporulated cadavers and live insects contaminated as a source of inoculate. Adult insects in the laboratory bioassay either received treatments with dry conidia or were sprayed with an oily dispersion formulation, and the treatments were comprised of 10, 30, or 50% of contaminated insects. For the greenhouse bioassay, nylon cages were prepared, with soybean plants grown in pots. A total of 20 healthy brown stink bugs were released along with one or three sporulated cadavers of brown stink bugs, attached to the plant stem. In the bioassay with live insects, 20 stink bugs were released, and the treatments were comprised of 10, 30, or 50% contaminated insects (2:18, 6:14, and 10:10, fungus-treated insects : healthy insects). In all experiments, the control group was comprised only of healthy insects. Dead stink bugs were daily disinfested and transferred to a wet chamber for confirmation of death by fungus. Confirmed mortality was observed, which shows the occurrence of horizontal transmission. Mortality was higher when more contaminated insects were used in the population, in most treatments. The occurrence of transmission in the laboratory and the greenhouse emphasizes the potential of the Unioeste 76 strain as mortality agent and as an agent for maintaining the inoculum potential for the brown stink bug. 7 inoculate formulation 10 30 50 prepared pots 2 stem 218, 218 18, 18 (2:18 614, 614 6 14, 14 6:14 1010, 1010 10:10 fungustreated treated . insects) experiments observed population bug 1 3 5 21 (2:1 61 6:1 101 10:1 (2: 6: 10: (2 (

RESUMO Populações de percevejos Piezodorus guildinii e Dichelops furcatus são naturalmente reguladas por predadores e parasitoides de ovos. No entanto, esses inimigos naturais podem ser afetados pela aplicação de inseticidas não seletivos comumente utilizados no controle químico dos percevejos. Objetivou-se avaliar a toxicidade de dinotefurano em predadores e parasitoides de ovos associados a populações de P. guildinii e D. furcatus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) em condições de campo. Predadores e parasitoides de ovos foram registrados semanalmente de V2 a R7, em parcelas de soja tratadas e não tratadas com dinotefurano. Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) estava presente em 100 % das massas de ovos parasitados em ambas as espécies de percevejos e tratamentos. Não foram encontradas diferenças significativas na proporção de parasitismo e na razão sexual entre os tratamentos para nenhuma das espécies. A proporção de emergência da massa de ovos mostrou diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos para P. guildinii, mas não para D. furcatus. A aplicação de dinotefurano não afetou a presença de predadores generalistas como Araneae, Syrphidae e Chrysopidae. Dinotefurano pode ser considerado seletivo para esses predadores, mas não para P. guildinii. entanto Objetivouse Objetivou se P D Hemiptera (Hemiptera Pentatomidae campo V R7 R Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae 10 Araneae Chrysopidae 1

ABSTRACT Piezodorus guildinii and Dichelops furcatus stink bug populations are naturally regulated by predators and egg parasitoids. However, these natural enemies can be affected by the application of non-selective insecticides commonly employed for stink bug chemical control. This study aimed to evaluate the dinotefuran toxicity on predators and egg parasitoids associated with P. guildinii and D. furcatus (Hemimpera: Pentatomidae) populations under field conditions. Predators and egg parasitoids were recorded weekly from V2 to R7, in dinotefuran-treated and untreated soybean plots. Telenomus podisi (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) was present on 100 % of the egg masses parasitized on both stink bugs species and treatments. No significant differences were found in parasitism proportion and sex ratio between treatments for either species. The egg mass emergence proportion showed significant differences among the treatments for P. guildinii, but not for D. furcatus. The dinotefuran application did not affect the presence of generalist predators as Araneae, Syrphidae and Chrysopidae. Dinotefuran can be considered selective for these predators, but not for P. guildinii. However nonselective non control P D Hemimpera (Hemimpera Pentatomidae conditions V R7 R dinotefurantreated treated plots Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera Scelionidae 10 Araneae Chrysopidae 1

BACKGROUND The city of El Pedregal grew out of a desert, following an agricultural irrigation project in southern Peru. OBJECTIVES To describe infestation patterns by triatomines and bed bugs and their relationship to migration and urbanization. METHODS We conducted door-to-door entomological surveys for triatomines and bed bugs. We assessed spatial clustering of infestations and compared the year of construction of infested to un-infested households. To gain a better understanding of the context surrounding triatomine infestations, we conducted in-depth interviews with residents to explore their migration histories, including previous experiences with infestation. FINDINGS We inspected 5,164 households for Triatoma infestans (known locally as the Chirimacha); 21 (0.41%) were infested. These were extremely spatially clustered (Ripley’s K p-value < 0.001 at various spatial scales). Infested houses were older than controls (Wilcoxon rank-sum: W = 33; p = 0.02). We conducted bed bug specific inspections in 34 households; 23 of these were infested. These were spatially dispersed across El Pedregal, and no difference was observed in construction age between bed bug infested houses and control houses (W = 6.5, p = 0.07). MAIN CONCLUSIONS The establishment of agribusiness companies in a desert area demanded a permanent work force, leading to the emergence of a new city. Migrant farmers, seeking work opportunities or escaping from adverse climatic events, arrived with few resources, and constructed their houses with precarious materials. T. infestans, a Chagas disease vector, was introduced to the city and colonized houses, but its dispersal was constrained by presence of vacant houses. We discuss how changes in the socioeconomic and agricultural landscape can increase vulnerability to vector-borne illnesses. Peru urbanization doortodoor door uninfested un indepth depth histories 5164 5 164 5,16 known Chirimacha Chirimacha) 2 0.41% 041 0 41 (0.41% Ripleys Ripley s pvalue value 0001 001 0.00 scales. scales . scales) Wilcoxon ranksum rank sum rank-sum 33 0.02. 002 0.02 02 0.02) 3 65 6 6.5 0.07. 007 0.07 07 0.07) force farmers events resources materials T vector vectorborne borne illnesses 516 16 5,1 0.41 04 4 (0.41 000 00 0.0 6. 51 1 5, 0.4 (0.4 0. (0. (0 (

Abstract Assassin bugs are one of the most diverse families of cimicomorphan Heteroptera and are known from all biogeographic regions. Except for the kissing bugs (Triatominae) that are hemathophagous, reduviids show a predatory behavior and are usually study as potential biocontrollers of crop pests. In this way, Harpactorines have been specially studied as they are mostly diurnal and live on the vegetation. In this contribution, the complete life cycle of Harpactor angulosus (Lepeletier & Serville, 1825) is described and illustrated. Specimens were collected in the field in El Manantial, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina, and were reared in laboratory to obtain all immatures (eggs and nymphs) and to observe its feeding habits, molting, mating, and oviposition. Collection specimens as well as online resources such as iNaturalist records were also studied to know the current distribution of the species. This resulted in the expansion of H. angulosus distribution in Argentina to Tucumán and Buenos Aires provinces and to the recording of the species in Ecuador, Peru and Paraguay for the first time. Our findings reveal that H. angulosus would be studied as a potential biocontroller of Agraulis sp., an important pest of maracuyá crops in several South American countries. regions Triatominae (Triatominae hemathophagous pests way vegetation contribution Lepeletier Serville 1825 illustrated Manantial eggs nymphs habits molting mating oviposition H Ecuador time sp sp. countries 182 18 1

BACKGROUND Trypanosoma rangeli is a haemoflagellate parasite that infects triatomine bugs and mammals in South and Central America. Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease, has a partially overlapping geographical distribution with T. rangeli, that leads to mixed human infections and cross-reactivity in immunodiagnosis. Although T. rangeli can be detected long after mammal infection, its multiplicative forms have not yet been described. OBJECTIVES To enhance our understanding of T. rangeli development in mammals, this study assessed various infection parameters in mice over time. METHODS The parasitaemia, body temperature, and weight of Swiss Webster mice were monitored over 120 days after exposing them to the bites of Rhodnius prolixus nymphs containing metacyclic trypomastigotes in their salivary glands. On day 132 post-infection, spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes were analysed for T. rangeli DNA using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR (qPCR). FINDINGS Parasites were detectable in mice blood since day 2 post-infection, detection peaking on day 5 and becoming undetectable by day 120. PCR and qPCR detected T. rangeli DNA in the spleens and mesenteric lymph nodes of infected mice. Infected mice showed higher body temperatures and a slower weight gain over time compared to controls. MAIN CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed that T. rangeli establishes a persistent infection in mice, detectable in lymphoid organs long after parasites had disappeared from blood. In addition, infected mice exhibited physiological changes, suggesting potential subclinical effects. These findings highlight the need for further studies on the immune response and potential impacts of T. rangeli infection in mammalian hosts. America cruzi disease T crossreactivity cross reactivity immunodiagnosis described parasitaemia temperature 12 glands 13 postinfection, postinfection post post-infection (PCR qPCR. . (qPCR) controls addition changes effects hosts 1 (qPCR

Abstract Triatominae are recognized as vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, a protozoan which is the etiological agent of Chagas disease. A specimen of Triatoma delpontei was found at Porto Murtinho in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. This is the first report of the occurrence of T. delpontei to the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. With the present finding, the total number of triatomines recorded in Mato do Grosso do Sul reaches 17 species, while T. delpontei, previously recorded only from Rio Grande do Sul, is now recorded to a second Brazilian state. Based on the information available in the literature, a meticulous and organized compilation has been crafted, highlighting the cytogenetics differentiations of the species occurring in this state. This work emphasizes the importance of continuous research and surveillance on Triatominae, recognized as vectors of T. cruzi. cruzi disease State Brazil T finding 1 literature crafted

BACKGROUND Kissing bugs are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of Chagas disease (CD). Despite their epidemiological relevance, kissing bug species are under sampled in terms of their diversity and it is unclear what biases exist in available kissing bug data. Under climate change, range maps for kissing bugs may become less accurate as species shift their ranges to track climatic tolerance. OBJECTIVES Quantify inventory completeness in available kissing bug data. Assess how well range maps are at conveying information about current distributions and potential future distributions subject to shift under climate change. Intersect forecasted changes in kissing bug distributions with contemporary sampling gaps to identify regions for future sampling of the group. Identify whether a phylogenetic signal is present in expert range knowledge as more closely related species may be similarly well or lesser understood. METHODS We used species distribution models (SDM), specifically constructed from Bayesian additive regression trees, with Bioclim variables, to forecast kissing bug distributions into 2100 and intersect these with current sampling gaps to identify priority regions for sampling. Expert range maps were assessed by the agreement between the expert map and SDM generated occurrence probability. We used classical hypothesis testing methods as well as tests of phylogenetic signal to meet our objectives. FINDINGS Expert range maps vary in their quality of depicting current kissing bug distributions. Most expert range maps decline in their ability to convey information about kissing bug occurrence over time, especially in under sampled areas. We found limited evidence for a phylogenetic signal in expert range map performance. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Expert range maps are not a perfect account of species distributions and may degrade in their ability to accurately convey distribution knowledge under future climates. We identify regions where future sampling of kissing bugs will be crucial for completing biodiversity inventories. cruzi CD. CD . (CD) relevance data change tolerance group understood SDM, , (SDM) trees variables 210 probability objectives time areas performance climates inventories (CD (SDM 21 2

Chagas disease (CD), caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, is a life-threatening neglected anthropozoonosis primarily transmitted by triatomine bugs. Affecting an estimated 5.7 million people globally, CD has significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in Latin America. The Oxente Chagas Bahia Project aims to screen approximately 30,000 individuals, validate a rapid diagnostic test in a real-world setting, and provide crucial data on its diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness. Additionally, a biobank will be established to support further research on disease biomarkers and treatment cure rates. By enhancing access to timely diagnosis and treatment, the project will evaluate a strategy to reduce the CD burden. CD, , (CD) cruzi lifethreatening life threatening bugs 57 5 7 5. globally mortality America 30000 30 000 30,00 individuals realworld real world setting costeffectiveness. costeffectiveness cost effectiveness. effectiveness cost-effectiveness Additionally rates burden (CD 3000 3 00 30,0 300 0 30,