RESUMEN En dos experimentos se evaluó la adición de AminoGut (AG). En el Experimento 1, se utilizaron 300 pollos Ross 308 en 5 tratamientos con 3 repeticiones de 20 pollos cada una. En el Experimento 2, se emplearon 640 pollos en 4 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones de 32 pollos cada una. Los tratamientos del Exp. 1: T1.- Dieta testigo sorgo + pasta de soya, T2.- Como 1 + 700 ppm de la mezcla de AG/ ton, T3.- Como 1 + 1400 ppm de AG/ ton, T4.- Como 1 + 2100 ppm de AG/ ton, T5.- Como 1 + 2800 ppm de AG/ ton. En el Exp. 2 se eliminó el tratamiento 5. En el Experimento 1, hubo efecto (P<0.05) en comportamiento productivo y peso de la canal, con 700 ppm de AG. En el Experimento 2, mejoró la altura de vellosidades intestinales e hipersensibilidad tardía (P<0.05) con 700 ppm de AG, así como el rendimiento en canal a los 42 días. Se puede concluir que la adición de 700 ppm de AminoGut en dietas para pollos de 1 a 21 días de edad, incrementó los parámetros productivos, longitud de las vellosidades, rendimiento en canal y respuesta inmune.

Abstract In two experiments, the addition of AminoGut (AG) was evaluated. In Experiment 1, 300 Ross 308 broilers were used in five treatments with three repetitions of 20 broilers each. In Experiment 2, 640 broilers were used in four treatments with five repetitions of 32 broilers each. Exp. 1 treatments: T1.- Control diet sorghum + soybean meal, T2.- As 1 + 700 ppm of the mixture of AG/ ton, T3.- As 1 + 1400 ppm of AG/ ton, T4.- As 1 + 2100 ppm of AG/ ton, T5.- As 1 + 2800 ppm of AG/ ton. In Exp. 2, treatment 5 was eliminated. In Experiment 1, there was an effect (P<0.05) on performance and carcass weight, with 700 ppm of AG. In Experiment 2, the height of intestinal villi and late hypersensitivity (P<0.05) improved with 700 ppm of AG, as well as carcass yield at 42 days. It can be concluded that the addition of 700 ppm of AminoGut in diets in broilers from 1 to 21 days of age, increased the performance, villus length, carcass yield and immune response.

RESUMEN Considerando estudios previos sobre el potencial uso de la vinaza en el sector agropecuario, este estudio busca diseñar un alimento para pollos de engorde en tres presentaciones de acuerdo con las etapas del programa de alimentación del animal (inicio 1-14, crecimiento 15-30 y finalización 31-42 días) que incluya vinaza en la formulación. Para ello, se consideró el grano de soya como fuente de proteína, una dieta con energía metabolizable entre 12.351,06 a 14.025,78 kJ∙kg-1. Se determinó la granulometría de acuerdo con los manuales de manejo de pollos de engorde, y se especificó el proceso de fabricación del alimento en un diagrama de bloques y un diagrama de flujo; de igual forma se propone un protocolo de prueba para el uso del alimento formulado en una muestra de pollos de engorde de la raza Cobb. Esta investigación sugiere que el uso de la vinaza en las fórmulas de los beneficios para pollos de engorde podría aportar importantes beneficios al sector agrícola.

ABSTRACT Considering previous studies on the potential use of vinasse in the agricultural sector, this study seeks to design a feed for broilers in three presentations according to the stages of the animal’s feeding program (start 1-14, growth 15-30 and end 31-42 days) that includes vinasse in the formulation. To this end, soybeans were considered as a source of protein, a diet with metabolizable energy between 12,351.06 and 14,025.78 kJ∙kg-1. The granulometry was determined according to the broiler management manuals, and the feed manufacturing process was specified in a block diagram and a flow diagram; in the same way, a test protocol for the use of the feed formulated in a sample of broilers of the Cobb breed. This research suggests that using vinasse in feed formulations for broilers could provide significant benefits to the agricultural sector.

Resumen: El estudio de la microbiota ha adquirido un nuevo enfoque de interés, ya que interviene en diversos procesos fisiológicos involucrados en el desarrollo y rendimiento de los animales domésticos. Participa en el eje-microbiota-intestino-cerebro, con procesos que rigen el sistema nervioso hacia el intestino y viceversa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar la importancia de la microbiota gastrointestinal de pollos de engorda y gallinas de postura y su relación con procesos fisiológicos que afecten el desarrollo, rendimiento, comportamiento y salud. En el tracto gastrointestinal de estas aves se han identificado alrededor de 17 filos de bacterias, con microorganismos predominantes según el sitio anatómico dentro del tracto y por ende con diferente función, por ejemplo, buche: Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae; proventrículo: Clostridiaceae, Enterococcus; intestino: Escherichia, Streptococcus. Distintos factores intervienen en la colonización y desarrollo de la microbiota, desde el programa de alimentación y manejo, tipo de cama y densidad animal, entre otros. Existen microorganismos potencialmente patógenos que impactan negativamente en la microbiota y puedan llegar al consumidor, como Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteritidis y Escherichia coli, de ahí su importancia al momento de trazar las directrices en las producciones pecuarias.

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in microbiota studies due to their relevance in physiological processes such as animal development and productivity. In addition, it its involved in the microbiota-intestinebrain axis that regulates the nervous system to the intestine and vice versa. This paper is aimed at identifying the importance of the broilers and laying hens’ gastrointestinal microbiota and its relationship with diverse physiological processes that intervene in the development, productivity, behavior, and health. There are 17 filos of bacteria within the poultry gastrointestinal tract, which are site dependent and have specific functions (Example; crop: Lactobacillus, Enterobacteriaceae; proventriculus: Clostridiaceae, Enterococcus; intestine: Escherichia, Streptococcus). In addition, different factors affect the development of microbiota such as the feeding program, handling, kind of substrate, stocking density, among others. There are several potentially pathogenic microorganisms that impact microbiota negatively and may reach the final consumer such as Campylobacter jejuni, Salmonella enteritidis and Escherichia coli. Therefore, it is important to continue supporting poultry microbiota research and areas of opportunity to improve poultry production.

Abstract Emergence of plasmid mediated colistin and extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) resistant genes has been impacted the efficacy of colistin and β-lactams drugs like 3rd, 4th generation cephalosporin. Current study was aimed to investigate antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) among Escherichia coli isolates from meat producing commercial broilers in Pakistan. Two hundred (n=200) fecal samples were collected during January-2018 to August-2019. For isolation of E. coli, pink colonies on MacConkey agar were transferred to EMB agar. Metallic sheen color colonies were tested biochemically using API-20E kit. The molecular identification of E. coli (n=153) was targeted by amplification of uid gene through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and different ARGs i.e. gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, colistin, β-lactams drugs, quinolone and ampicillin followed by sequence analysis. Genotypically, followed by phenotypically of resistant ARGs of isolated PCR-confirmed E. coli (153) shoed resistant against gentamicin (aac(3)-IV), streptomycin (aadA1), tetracycline (tetA), colistine (mcr-1), ampicillin (bla-TEM) and bla-CTX-M were 86%, 88%, 86%, 88%, 83% & 77% respectively. 33/38 (86%) of the isolate was positive for quinolone resistance. Colistine (mcr-1), ESBLs (bla-TEM) and (bla-CTX-M) resistance genes were 88%, 83% and 77% respectively. About 33 isolated E. coli harbored the both mcr-1 and ESBLs genes. All of E. coli isolates were found sensitive to ceftriaxone (CTX-30) and imipenem (IMP-10). The Isolated E. coli showed single or multi clade decadency. The E. coli and ARGs sequences showed single or multi clade decadency. This is first comprehensive study from Pakistan that described the molecular evidences of ARGs and their co-existence in single isolates originated from commercial poultry. Commercial chicken (Broilers) can act as melting pot of antibiotic resistance genes for human being. It is alarming situation for surveillance of antibiotic resistance program because of more regulated prescription of antimicrobial agents in Pakistan βlactamases β lactamases ESBL (ESBL βlactams lactams 3rd rd th cephalosporin (ARGs n=200 n200 n 200 (n=200 January2018 January 2018 January-201 August2019. August2019 August 2019. 2019 August-2019 E API20E APIE API 20E kit n=153 n153 153 (n=153 PCR (PCR ie i e i.e analysis Genotypically PCRconfirmed confirmed (153 aac3IV, aac3IV aacIV aac 3 IV , (aac(3)-IV) aadA1, aadA1 aadA (aadA1) tetA, tetA (tetA) mcr1, mcr1 mcr 1 (mcr-1) blaTEM bla TEM (bla-TEM blaCTXM CTX M 86 86% 88 88% 83 77 respectively 3338 38 33/3 (86% (bla-CTX-M mcr- CTX30 30 (CTX-30 IMP10. IMP10 IMP 10 . (IMP-10) decadency coexistence co existence poultry Broilers (Broilers being n=20 n20 20 (n=20 January201 201 January-20 August201 August-201 n=15 n15 15 (n=15 (15 (aac(3)-IV (aadA1 (tetA (mcr-1 8 7 333 33/ (86 CTX3 (CTX-3 IMP1 (IMP-10 n=2 n2 2 (n=2 January20 January-2 August20 August-20 n=1 n1 (n=1 (1 (aadA (mcr- (8 (CTX- (IMP-1 n= (n= January2 January- August2 August-2 ( (mcr (CTX (IMP- (n August- (IMP

Resumo O surgimento de colistina mediada por plasmídeo e genes de resistência a β-lactamases de espectro estendido (ESBL) afetou a eficácia de medicamentos colistina e β-lactâmicos, como as cefalosporinas de 3ª e 4ª geração. O presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar genes de resistência antimicrobiana (ARGs) entre isolados de Escherichia coli em frangos de corte comerciais no Paquistão. Duzentas (n = 200) amostras fecais foram coletadas durante janeiro de 2018 a agosto de 2019. Para o isolamento de E. coli, colônias rosas em ágar MacConkey foram transferidas para ágar EMB. As colônias de cores de brilho metálico foram testadas bioquimicamente usando o kit API-20E. A identificação molecular de E. coli (n = 153) foi direcionada pela amplificação do gene uid através da reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e diferentes ARGs, ou seja, gentamicina, estreptomicina, tetraciclina, colistina, medicamentos β-lactâmicos, quinolona e ampicilina, seguido de análise de sequência. Genotipicamente, seguido por fenotipicamente de ARGs resistentes de E. coli isoladas foram confirmadas por PCR (153) como resistente contra gentamicina (aac(3)-IV), estreptomicina (aadA1), tetraciclina (tetA), colistina (mcr-1), ampicilina (bla-TEM) e bla-CTX-M, demonstrando resultados de 86%, 88%, 86%, 88%, 83% e 77%, respectivamente. Cerca de 33/38 (86%) do isolado foi positivo para resistência às quinolonas. Os genes de resistência à colistina (mcr-1), ESBLs (bla-TEM) e (bla-CTX-M) foram 88%, 83% e 77%, respectivamente. Cerca de 33 E. coli isoladas continham os genes mcr-1 e ESBLs. Todos os isolados de E. coli foram considerados sensíveis à ceftriaxona (CTX-30) e imipenem (IMP-10). A E. coli isolada apresentou decadência de um ou vários clados. As sequências de E. coli e ARGs apresentaram decadência de um ou vários clados. Este é o primeiro estudo abrangente do Paquistão que descreveu as evidências moleculares de ARGs e sua coexistência em isolados únicos originados de aves comerciais. Dessa forma, é possível concluir que o Frango comercial (Broilers) pode atuar como caldeirão de genes de resistência a antibióticos para o ser humano. É uma situação alarmante para a vigilância do programa de resistência a antibióticos devido à prescrição mais regulamentada de agentes antimicrobianos no Paquistão βlactamases β lactamases ESBL (ESBL βlactâmicos, βlactâmicos lactâmicos, lactâmicos β-lactâmicos ª geração (ARGs n 200 201 2019 E EMB API20E. API20E APIE API 20E. 20E API-20E 153 (PCR seja sequência Genotipicamente (153 aac3IV, aac3IV aacIV aac 3 IV , (aac(3)-IV) aadA1, aadA1 aadA (aadA1) tetA, tetA (tetA) mcr1, mcr1 mcr 1 (mcr-1) blaTEM bla TEM (bla-TEM blaCTXM, blaCTXM CTX M, M bla-CTX-M 86 86% 88 88% 83 77 77% respectivamente 3338 38 33/3 (86% quinolonas (bla-CTX-M mcr- CTX30 30 (CTX-30 IMP10. IMP10 IMP 10 . (IMP-10) clados forma Broilers (Broilers humano 20 15 (15 (aac(3)-IV (aadA1 (tetA (mcr-1 8 7 333 33/ (86 CTX3 (CTX-3 IMP1 (IMP-10 2 (1 (aadA (mcr- (8 (CTX- (IMP-1 ( (mcr (CTX (IMP- (IMP

Resumo Os lactobacilos são probióticos com capacidade de desintoxicação da Aflatoxina (AF), encontrados em produtos fermentados, TGI de animais e meio ambiente. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade de isolados de frango de corte de Lactobacillus contra a Aflatoxina B1 (AFB1). Para tanto, 5 isolados de Lactobacillus de intestino de frango foram incubados com 100 ppb AFB1 em meio aquoso, e o efeito de diferentes parâmetros (frações celulares, tempo, temperatura, pH) na desintoxicação foi determinado por CLAE. O efeito melhorador de Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) contra AFB1 foi estudado em frangos de corte. Os resultados revelaram que LS (CR. 4) apresentou os melhores resultados (in vitro) em comparação com outros isolados [L. salivarius (CR. 3, CR. 4), L. agilis (CE. 2.1, CE. 3.1) e L. crispatus (CE. 28)]. Detritos celulares de CR. 4 mostraram desintoxicação significativamente maior (P < 0.05). A quantidade máxima de AFB1 foi desintoxicada a 30 °C (97%), pH 4.0 (99%) e 6 h (99,97%). O estudo in vivo mostrou que AFB1 diminuiu o ganho de peso (1,269 ± 0.04 g / ave), alimento consumido (2,161 ± 0.08 g / ave), proteína total sérica (2.42 ± 0.34 g / dl), albumina sérica (0.5 ± 0.22 gm / dl) e título de anticorpo (4.2 ± 0.83). As enzimas da função hepática foram encontradas (alanina transaminase (ALT): 32 ± 10.7 U / L) e aspartato transaminase (AST): 314.8 ± 27 U / L) elevadas em AFB1 alimentados com frangos. O tratamento com 1% LS não só diminuiu os efeitos tóxicos de AFB1 (grupo D), mas também melhorou a saúde geral dos frangos devido aos seus efeitos probióticos (p < 0.05) em comparação com o controle negativo (grupo A). A capacidade de desintoxicação do LS foi melhor do que o aglutinante comercial (CB) (0.2% Protmyc). Concluiu-se que a desintoxicação de AFB1 por Lactobacillus foi dependente da cepa, temperatura, pH e tempo. LS tem capacidade de desintoxicação contra AFB1 in vivo.

Abstract Lactobacilli are probiotics with Aflatoxin (AF) detoxification ability, found in fermented products, GIT of animals and environment. Purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of broiler isolates of Lactobacillus against Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). For this purpose, 5 isolates of Lactobacillus from broiler gut were incubated with 100 ppb AFB1 in aqueous environment and effect of different parameters (cell fractions, time, temperature, pH) on detoxification was determined by HPLC. The ameliorative effect of Lactobacillus salivarius (LS) against AFB1 was studied in broiler. The results revealed that LS (CR. 4) showed the best results (in vitro) as compared to other isolates (L. salivarius (CR. 3, CR, 4), L. agilis (CE. 2.1, CE. 3.1) and L. crispatus (CE. 28). Cell debris of CR. 4 showed significantly higher detoxification (P<0.05). Maximum amount of AFB1 was detoxified at 30°C (97%), pH 4.0 (99%) and 6 h (99.97%). In vivo study showed that AFB1 decreased weight gain (1,269 ± 0.04 gm/ bird), feed consumed (2,161 ± 0.08 gm/ bird), serum total protein (2.42 ± 0.34 gm/ dl), serum albumin (0.5 ± 0.2 2 gm/dl) and antibody titer (4.2 ± 0.83). Liver function enzymes were found (alanine transaminase (ALT): 32 ± 10.7 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST): 314.8 ± 27 U/L) elevated in AFB1 fed broilers. Treatment with 1% LS not only decreased the toxic effects of AFB1 (group D) but also improved the overall health of broilers due to its probiotic effects (p<0.05) as compared to control negative (group A). The detoxification ability of LS was better than commercial binder (CB) (0.2% Protmyc). It was concluded that detoxification of AFB1 by Lactobacillus was strain, temperature, pH and time dependent. LS has detoxification ability against AFB1 in vivo.

Resumo Frangos de corte Hubbard com 320 dias de idade foram alocados aleatoriamente em quatro tratamentos (8 repetições, 10 aves/curral) e foram criados em condições de manejo padrão. As aves do primeiro grupo serviram como controle e foram alimentadas com uma dieta à base de milho, enquanto as aves dos três grupos restantes, ou seja, A, B e C, foram alimentadas com dieta basal suplementada com nanopartículas de cobre (CuNP) a 5, 10 e 15 mg/kg de dieta, respectivamente, por 35 dias. A suplementação de CuNP aumentou linearmente (P ≤ 0,05) o peso corporal (PC), o ganho de peso médio diário (GPDA) e o consumo de ração (FI) em frangos de corte. O ácido úrico, os níveis de glicose no sangue e a conversão alimentar (TCF) reduziram linearmente (P ≤ 0,05) com a suplementação de CuNP na dieta. A suplementação de CuNP na dieta também aumentou linearmente (P ≤ 0,05) peso, comprimento, diâmetro, índice peso/comprimento (P/L) e índice tibiotársico (índice TT) da tíbia. A inclusão de CuNP na dieta de frangos de corte aumentou linearmente os parâmetros medidos de músculo, ou seja; pH, diâmetro da fibra, área da seção transversal da fibra, diâmetro do fascículo, área da seção transversal do fascículo (P ≤ 0,05). A concentração de cobre, ferro, cálcio e fósforo no sangue também aumentou linearmente (P ≤ 0,05) com a suplementação de CuNP. No geral, CuNP afetou positivamente o desempenho de crescimento, características histológicas dos músculos, resistência óssea e metabólitos séricos em frangos de corte.

Abstract Three hundred and twenty day old Hubbard broilers were randomly allocated to four treatments (8 replicates, 10 birds/pen) and were raised under standard management conditions. Birds in the first group served as control and were fed a corn based diet, while birds in the remaining three groups i.e.; A, B and C were fed with a basal diet supplemented with copper nanoparticles (CuNP) at 5, 10 and 15 mg /kg of diet respectively for 35 days. Supplementation of CuNP linearly increased (P≤0.05) body weight (BW), average daily weight gain (ADWG) and feed intake (FI) in broilers. Uric acid, glucose levels in blood and feed conversion ratio (FCR) reduced linearly (P≤0.05) with CuNP supplementation in diet. Supplementation of CuNP in the diet also linearly increased (P≤0.05) tibia weight, length, diameter, weight/length index (W/L) and Tibiotarsal index (TT index). Inclusion of CuNP in broilers diet linearly increased the measured parameters of muscle i.e.; pH, fiber diameter, fiber cross-sectional area, fascicle diameter, fascicle cross-sectional area (P≤0.05). Concentration of copper, iron, calcium and phosphorous in blood also increased line-arly (P ≤ 0.05) with CuNP supplementation. Overall, CuNP positively affected the growth performance, histological characteristics of muscles, bone strength and serum metabolites in broilers.

Resumo O estudo foi desenhado para investigar o efeito da suplementação de mananoligossacarídeo (MOS) na histomorfologia intestinal, imunidade contra o vírus da doença de Newcastle (NDV) e parâmetros produtivos de frangos de corte. Um total de 1.800 pintos de corte de um dia da linhagem Cobb-500 foram selecionados e distribuídos aleatoriamente em 6 grupos de tratamento: T1 (dieta basal sem antibióticos como controle negativo); T2 (dieta basal mais antibióticos como grupo controle positivo); T3 (dieta basal mais 200g/ton MOS); T4 (dieta basal mais 400g/ton MOS); T5 (dieta basal mais 600g/ton MOS) e T6 (dieta basal mais 800g/ton MOS). Cada tratamento tinha 6 repetições e o consumo de ração, ganho de peso corporal e conversão alimentar foram registrados semanalmente. Os resultados mostraram que as aves suplementadas com MOS apresentam consumo de ração, ganho de peso e CA significativamente maiores (P < 0,05). Da mesma forma, a suplementação de MOS mostrou efeito positivo na altura das vilosidades e na profundidade das criptas tanto no jejuno quanto no íleo. A densidade de células caliciformes não foi afetada pela adição de MOS (P < 0,05). Além disso, as aves alimentadas com dietas contendo MOS apresentaram melhor desempenho produtivo em comparação aos grupos controle positivo e negativo. Em conclusão, o MOS pode substituir os promotores de crescimento de antibióticos (AGPs) como defensores de alimentos não microbianos que melhoram o desempenho.

Abstract The study was designed to investigate the effect of mannan-oligosaccharide (MOS) supplementation on intestinal histomorphology, immunity against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and productive parameters of broilers. A total of 1800, day old broiler chicks of Cobb-500 strain were selected and randomly assorted into 6 treatment groups: T1 (basal diet without antibiotics as negative control); T2 (basal diet plus antibiotics as positive control group); T3 (basal diet plus 200g/ton MOS); T4 (basal diet plus 400g/ton MOS); T5 (basal diet plus 600g/ton MOS) and T6 (basal diet plus 800g/ton MOS). Each treatment was having 6 replicates and the feed intake, body weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded on weekly basis. Results showed that, MOS supplemented birds have significantly higher feed intake, weight gain and FCR (P < 0.05). Similarly, supplementation of MOS showed positive effect on villus height and crypt depth both in jejunum and ilium. Goblet cell density was unaffected by MOS addition (P < 0.05). Furthermore, birds fed with diets containing MOS, exhibited better productive performance in comparison to positive and negative control groups. In conclusion, MOS can replace antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) as non-microbial performance-enhancing feed advocates.

ABSTRACT: European market regulates that poultry electronarcosis stunning in abattoirs must be performed with a minimal required current (mA per animal) and correlative frequency (Hz), to promote animal welfare and meat quality. In this way, Brazilian abattoirs must adjust the stunning parameters so that they can meet the requirements of that market. This study evaluated the effect of stunning parameters using frequency and duty cycle variables. For this, nine treatments were performed, whose results showed that the analyzed frequencies (700, 1100, and 1500 Hz) had a higher incidence of indicators of animal welfare (AW). Thus, stunning had low efficiency in AW terms. However, the 25% and 40% duty cycles had the best stunning efficiency. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) for pH 24 h, bruises, and drip loss. Color and pH 2 h were significantly affected (P < 0.05). The shear force was higher in birds subjected to higher frequencies and interaction between 1500 Hz and 15% and 25% duty cycles. Water-holding capacity was lower at 1100 Hz and in the 25% duty cycle interactions. The treatments affected the evaluated indicators, except for the 40% duty cycle, which had a positive influence. Therefore, the duty cycle applicability must be elucidated due to its direct influence on stunning efficiency. ABSTRACT mA Hz, , (Hz) quality way variables 700, 700 (700 150 AW. . (AW) Thus terms However 25 40 P 0.05 005 0 05 bruises loss 0.05. 15 Waterholding Water holding 110 interactions Therefore (Hz 70 (70 (AW 4 0.0 00 1 11 7 (7 0. (

RESUMO: O mercado europeu regulamenta que a insensibilização de aves por eletronarcose nos abatedouros deva acontecer com uma corrente mínima necessária (mA por animal) e frequência correlata (Hz), com corrente e frequência alta. O intuito é promover o bem estar animal e qualidade de carne. Desta forma, os abatedouros brasileiros devem ajustar os parâmetros de insensibilização para que possam atender este mercado. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito dos parâmetros de insensibilização usando as variáveis frequência e duty cycle. Foram realizados nove ensaios. Os resultados demostraram que as frequências avaliadas (700 Hz, 1100 Hz e 1500 Hz) apresentaram maior incidência nos indicadores de Bem Estar Animal (BEA). Assim, houve baixa eficiência na insensibilização das aves para este fator. Entretanto, o duty cycle 25% e 40% promoveu a melhor eficiência na insensibilização das aves. Não foi observada diferença significativa (P > 0,05) para pH 24h, hematomas e a perda por gotejamento. A cor e o pH 2h foram afetados significativamente (P < 0,05) nos ensaios avaliados. A força de cisalhamento foi maior nas frequências mais altas e na interação da frequência de 1500 Hz com o duty cycle de 15% e 25% A capacidade de retenção de água foi menor na frequência de 1100 Hz, e na interação duty cycle 25%. Os ensaios estudados apresentaram comprometimento dos indicadores avaliados, exceto a variável duty cycle a 40%, que demonstrou influência positiva nos indicadores avaliados. Portanto, a aplicabilidade do duty cycle deve ser elucidada devido a sua influência direta na eficiência da insensibilização. RESUMO mA , (Hz) alta carne forma 700 (70 110 150 BEA. BEA . (BEA) Assim fator Entretanto 25 40 P 0,05 005 0 05 24h h gotejamento avaliados 15 Portanto (Hz 70 (7 11 (BEA 2 4 0,0 00 1 7 ( 0,

ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of organic acids on the intestinal integrity and productive performance of broiler chickens experimentally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis. Additionally, Salmonella colonization levels in internal organs were evaluated. The study included 576 one-day-old CobbTM male broilers, distributed into eight treatment groups and six replicates. A completely randomized experimental design (encapsulated butyric acid × inoculation by Salmonella Enteritidis) was used. Poultry was orally inoculated with Salmonella Enteritidis in the first day (0 or 2.0 × 106 CFU/mL) and after 22 days of age (0 or 1.0 × 109 CFU/ mL). The butyric acid was added to the feed in different concentration (treatments 0.03, 0.075, and 0.15%), and the chickens were raised up to 42 days old. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% increased the body weight gain and the average weight of the chickens up to 21 days old. After 14 days old, the butyric acid had a positive effect on jejunum villus. Encapsulated butyric acid at 0.03% in feed improves the performance and intestinal integrity of chickens. Additionally evaluated 57 onedayold one old broilers replicates encapsulated used 0 ( 20 2 2. 10 CFU/mL CFUmL CFU mL 1 1. mL. . mL) treatments 003 03 0.03 0075 075 0.075 0.15%, 015 0.15% , 15 0.15%) 4 villus 5 00 0.0 007 07 0.07 01 0.15 0. 0.1

ABSTRACT This study aimed to analyze the economic viability of the implementation of a mechanized harvesting of broilers where the activity is carried out entirely manually. The viability indicators used were net present value (NPV), net future value (NFV), net uniform value (NUV), discounted payback (DP), and internal rate of return (IRR). Scenario analysis, sensitivity, and Monte Carlo simulation were performed in the present study. The results showed that the initial investment was US$ 1,868,302.76. The average price paid by the slaughterhouse to third-party manual harvesting companies was US$ 18.17 per thousand broilers, which was converted into revenue in the cash flow of the project. The cash flow result was positive at US$ 22,256.14 over the entire study period considering a daily catch of 144 thousand broilers. The results of the economic viability analysis were NPV of US$ 64,786.23, NFV of US$ 333,382.11, NUV of US$ 735.19, DP of 13.82 years, IRR of 0.965 monthly, and modified IRR of 0.933 monthly. These values prove the economic viability of implementing the project considering the market conditions at the time of the study. The analysis of scenarios showed great sensitivity to the exchange rate and the price of fuels. The Monte Carlo simulation highlighted a moderate risk of negative NPV, emphasizing the importance of considering this variable when making decisions. Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of mechanized harvesting, such as increased efficiency and reduced labor costs, make it a promising alternative to manual harvesting, even for small to medium-sized poultry industries. manually , (NPV) NFV, (NFV) NUV, (NUV) DP, (DP) IRR. . (IRR) US 186830276 1 868 302 76 1,868,302.76 thirdparty third party 1817 18 17 18.1 2225614 22 256 14 22,256.1 6478623 64 786 23 64,786.23 33338211 333 382 11 333,382.11 73519 735 19 735.19 1382 13 82 13.8 years 0965 0 965 0.96 monthly 0933 933 0.93 fuels decisions challenges costs mediumsized medium sized industries (NPV (NFV (NUV (DP (IRR 18683027 86 30 7 1,868,302.7 181 18. 222561 2 25 22,256. 647862 6 78 64,786.2 3333821 33 38 333,382.1 7351 73 735.1 138 8 13. 096 96 0.9 093 93 1868302 3 1,868,302. 22256 22,256 64786 64,786. 333382 333,382. 735. 09 9 0. 186830 1,868,302 2225 22,25 6478 64,786 33338 333,382 18683 1,868,30 222 22,2 647 64,78 3333 333,38 1868 1,868,3 22, 64,7 333,3 186 1,868, 64, 333, 1,868 1,86 1,8 1,

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prebiotics, alone and in combination with antibiotics, on broiler performance, carcass yield, intestinal permeability, and intestinal morphometry. A total of 1440 day-old male Cobb 500 chicks were distributed in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and 10 replications per treatment. The treatments used were a basal diet without prebiotics and antibiotics (BD), a basal diet with antibiotics (AB), a basal diet with prebiotics (PRE), and a basal diet with antibiotics and prebiotics (AB+PRE). To perform the treatment, the antibiotic zinc bacitracin and a prebiotic of S. cerevisiae-derived mannan-oligosaccharides and beta-glucans were used. The treatments did not affect the performance of birds from 1 to 7 and 1 to 21 days of age. From 1 to 35 and 1 to 42 days, birds fed the AB+PRE treatment had higher feed intake than those fed the AB treatment. From 1 to 35 days, birds fed the AB+PRE treatment showed a worse feed conversion ratio. However, there was no difference in carcass yield between treatments. A higher number of goblet cells was observed in the duodenum and ileum of birds fed AB+PRE, but lower counts were obtained in birds fed AB. Intestinal histomorphometry displayed similar responses between both ages regarding antibiotic and prebiotic treatments, except in the ileum at 42 days, in which the antibiotic elicited a better response. Intestinal permeability analysis showed no significant difference between diets. The use of prebiotics, alone or in combination with antibiotics, does not improve the performance of broilers. morphometry 144 dayold day old 50 design BD, BD , (BD) AB, (AB) PRE, PRE (PRE) AB+PRE. ABPRE . (AB+PRE) S cerevisiaederived cerevisiae derived mannanoligosaccharides mannan oligosaccharides betaglucans beta glucans 2 age 3 4 ratio However response diets broilers 14 5 (BD (AB (PRE (AB+PRE

ABSTRACT Broilers (n=480) were used in an experiment designated for a 3(4 factorial arrangement to investigate the efficacy of three zinc (Zn) sources (organic Zn-Methionine, inorganic Zn sulphate and Zn oxide) and four inclusion rates (zero, 60, 120 and 180mg/kg of feed). Growth performance was not affect by Zn source in the entire of experimental period, however Zn level at 180 mg/kg improved body weight gain and feed conversion ratio compared to other Zn levels (P<0.05). Inclusion of Zn-Methionine in the diet increased the population of Lactobacillus (P<0.05), while E. coli counts decreased in birds which received Zn sulphate compared with Zn oxide group (P<0.05). Inclusion 180 mg/kg of Zn decreased total intestinal aerobic bacteria in comparison to zero level (P<0.05). An improvement of intestinal villus length and width was found in treatments supplemented with organic Zn (P<0.05), Zn oxide increased intestinal crypt depth in birds as well (P<0.05). Ileal digestibility of crude protein increased in broilers received Zn at 120 and 180 mg/kg compared with zero level (P<0.05). Consequently, Zn-methionine supplement had an optimistic effect on the microbial population and intestinal morphometric variables. The level of 180mg/kg of supplemental Zn had beneficial influence on growth performance. n=480 n480 n 480 (n=480 34 3 4 3( (Zn ZnMethionine, ZnMethionine Methionine, Methionine zero, (zero 60 12 180mgkg mgkg 180mg kg mg feed. . feed) period 18 P<0.05. P005 P P<0.05 0 05 (P<0.05) P<0.05, , E Consequently Znmethionine methionine variables n=48 n48 48 (n=48 6 1 P00 P<0.0 (P<0.05 n=4 n4 (n=4 P0 P<0. (P<0.0 n= (n= P<0 (P<0. (n P< (P<0 (P< (P

RESUMO Frangos de corte (n=480) foram usados em um experimento designado para um arranjo fatorial 3(4 para investigar a eficácia de três fontes de zinco (Zn) (Zn orgânico, sulfato de Zn inorgânico e óxido de Zn) e quatro taxas de inclusão (zero, 60, 120 e 180mg/kg de ração). O desempenho zootécnico não foi afetado pela fonte de Zn durante todo o período experimental, porém o nível de Zn na dose de 180 mg/kg melhorou o ganho de peso corporal e a conversão alimentar em relação aos outros níveis de Zn (P<0,05). A inclusão de Zn orgânico na dieta aumentou a população de Lactobacillus (P<0,05), enquanto as contagens de E. coli diminuíram nos frangos que receberam sulfato de Zn em comparação com o grupo óxido de Zn (P<0,05). A inclusão de 180 mg/kg de Zn diminuiu as bactérias aeróbicas intestinais totais em comparação ao controle (P<0,05). Uma melhora no comprimento e largura das vilosidades intestinais foi encontrada nos tratamentos suplementados com Zn orgânico (P<0,05), e o óxido de Zn aumentou a profundidade das criptas intestinais nas aves também (P<0,05). A digestibilidade ileal da proteína bruta aumentou em frangos de corte que receberam Zn nas doses de 120 e 180 mg/kg em comparação com o nível zero (P<0,05). Consequentemente, o suplemento orgânico de Zn teve um efeito positivo sobre a população microbiana e as variáveis morfométricas intestinais. O nível de 180 mg/kg de Zn suplementar teve influência benéfica no desempenho zootécnico. n=480 n480 n 480 (n=480 34 3 4 3( zero, (zero 60 12 180mgkg mgkg 180mg kg mg ração. ração . ração) experimental 18 P<0,05. P005 P P<0,05 0 05 (P<0,05) P<0,05, , E Consequentemente n=48 n48 48 (n=48 6 1 P00 P<0,0 (P<0,05 n=4 n4 (n=4 P0 P<0, (P<0,0 n= (n= P<0 (P<0, (n P< (P<0 (P< (P

ABSTRACTS This study was carried out to investigate the effects of adding artichoke vinegar to the drinking water of broilers on their fattening performance and carcass characteristics. In the experiment, 204-day old broiler chickens were used, and the study was continued for 42 days. In the study, 4 different groups were formed, one of which was the control group, and the other 3 were different doses of vinegar (0.5%, 1.0 and 1.5). The experiment was carried out in 3 replications and 17 birds were included in each replication. During the fattening period, the live weight, feed consumption, vinegar water consumption and slaughter weight of the chickens were measured. After slaughter, characteristics such as hot carcass weight, hot carcass yield, internal organ weights and abdominal fat weights were determined. According to the results obtained, in the 0-6 weeks period, the daily average live weight gain, daily average feed intake, total feed intake, feed conversion ratio, average daily water intake and total water intake of the broilers were significantly higher than the values obtained in the treatments with vinegar (P<0.05, P<0.01). It was determined that the groups showed significant differences in terms of traits such as abdominal fat weight and percentage, liver weight, heart weight and percentage, and kidney weight and percentage. As a result, it can be said that the artichoke vinegar added to the drinking water of broilers has significant effects on some performance characteristics and has the best effect when used at 1.5% level. 204day day 204 days formed group 0.5%, 05 0 5 (0.5% 10 1 1. 1.5. 15 1.5 . 1.5) replication period measured yield 06 6 0- gain ratio P<0.05, P005 P (P<0.05 P<0.01. P001 P<0.01 01 P<0.01) percentage result level 20 0.5% (0.5 P<0.05 P00 (P<0.0 P<0.0 2 0.5 (0. P0 (P<0. P<0. 0. (0 (P<0 P<0 ( (P< P< (P

RESUMO Este estudo foi realizado para investigar os efeitos da adição de vinagre de alcachofra à água de bebida de frangos de corte no desempenho de engorda e nas características de carcaça. No experimento, foram utilizados frangos de corte com 204 dias de idade, e o estudo foi continuado por 42 dias. No estudo, foram formados quatro grupos diferentes, um dos quais era o grupo controle e os outros três eram diferentes doses de vinagre (0,5%, 1,0% e 1,5%). O experimento foi realizado em três repetições e 17 aves foram incluídas em cada repetição. Durante o período de engorda, foram medidos o peso vivo, o consumo de ração, o consumo de água com vinagre e o peso de abate dos frangos. Após o abate, foram determinadas características como peso de carcaça quente, rendimento de carcaça quente, peso de órgãos internos e peso de gordura abdominal. De acordo com os resultados obtidos, no período de 0-6 semanas, o ganho médio diário de peso vivo, o consumo médio diário de ração, o consumo total de ração, a conversão alimentar, o consumo médio diário de água e o consumo total de água dos frangos de corte foram significativamente maiores do que os valores observados nos tratamentos com a aplicação de vinagre (P<0,05, P<0,01). Foi determinado que os grupos apresentaram diferenças significativas em termos de características como peso e porcentagem de gordura abdominal, peso do fígado, peso e porcentagem do coração e peso e porcentagem dos rins. Como resultado, pode-se dizer que o vinagre de alcachofra adicionado à água de bebida dos frangos de corte tem efeitos significativos sobre algumas características de desempenho e apresenta melhor efeito quando utilizado no nível de 1,5%. 20 idade 4 0,5%, 05 0 5 (0,5% 10 1 1,0 15 1,5% . 1,5%) repetição vivo ração quente abdominal obtidos 06 6 0- semanas alimentar P<0,05, P005 P (P<0,05 P<0,01. P001 P<0,01 01 P<0,01) fígado rins resultado podese pode se 2 0,5% (0,5 1, 1,5 P<0,05 P00 (P<0,0 P<0,0 0,5 (0, P0 (P<0, P<0, 0, (0 (P<0 P<0 ( (P< P< (P

ABSTRACT Livestock and poultry production are critical agricultural industries. Intelligence in the poultry industry has received increasing attention in recent years. An intelligent monitoring system was implemented to manage the poultry house and improve its feeding conditions. Experts can remotely diagnose the health of chickens using a monitor screen. An intelligent video surveillance system was used in this study to evaluate the physical appearance of broilers in a poultry house. Comb color was studied during the long chicken growth phase, and color changes were statistically analyzed. The video surveillance system includes meticulously color-calibrated cameras with an additional YOLOv4 algorithm for comb detection and color recovery. The image data was stored for up to 90 days and then analyzed to understand comb color behavior during growth. This study develops a technique for automatically extracting comb colors that can assist professionals in making color-related broiler health diagnoses in the future. industries years conditions screen phase colorcalibrated calibrated YOLOv recovery 9 colorrelated related future

ABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of in ovo feeding of black cumin extract (BC) on the intestinal morphology and physiological responses of broilers thermally challenged during incubation. The study involved the use of seven hundred Marshall broiler hatching eggs, which were assigned to 7 in ovo feeding treatments at embryonic day 17.5, as follows: eggs injected with 8 mg (EN), 6 mg (SN), 4 mg (FN), 2 mg (TN)BC, no in ovo feeding (NI), 0.9 % saline solution (SS), and 3 mg vitamin C (VC). Juvenile growth performance, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), triiodothyronine (T3), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and haematological and serum biochemical indices were evaluated. The results revealed that the juvenile growth performance of SN birds was better than those of the NI, SS, FN and TN groups. The plasma SOD and T3 of the birds of SN and VC were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the chickens of NI and SS treatments. The ileal crypt depth recorded in SN birds was lower (p < 0.05) compared to SS and NI values. To conclude, in ovo black cumin extract enhanced the gut health and lymphoid organs of broiler chickens with no pronounced effect on the thermotolerance of the birds at market age. ABSTRACT BC (BC incubation 175 17 5 17.5 follows EN, EN , (EN) SN, (SN) FN, (FN) TNBC, TNBC BC, (TN)BC (NI) 09 0 9 0. (SS) VC. . (VC) MDA, MDA (MDA) T3, T (T3) SOD, (SOD) evaluated groups p 0.05 005 05 values conclude age 1 17. (EN (SN (FN (NI (SS (VC (MDA (T3 (SOD 0.0 00 (T