Abstract This is the first national report of a fatal wound caused by a compressed air weapon projectile. Objective: To raise awareness of the risks posed by this type of weaponry and the need for its regulation. Case report: During a gathering of adolescents in a rural area, one of them fired a compressed air rifle he owned from a distance of 25 meters. One of the projectiles struck one of the young individuals, penetrating the thorax and causing hemopneumothorax, followed by cardiopulmonary arrest, irreversible brain damage, and death 35 days later. During the autopsy, a 5.5 mm diameter, 0.84-gram lead projectile was recovered, adhered to the left ventricle. Discussion: International literature reports cases and series where this type of weapon caused serious injuries and deaths, including penetrating chest trauma. There is a mistaken underestimation of the risks posed by so-called “less-lethal weapons,” especially compressed air guns. While this issue is a global concern, in Uruguay and other countries, these weapons are considered sporting or recreational and are freely sold. Conclusions: 1) Emergency and forensic physicians must consider the potential for compressed air weapon projectiles to damage vital organs. 2) It is essential to debunk the misconception that this type of weapon is harmless to humans. 3) Public authorities should regulate the sale, possession, and use of these weapons and implement awareness campaigns as part of primary prevention.

Resumo Este é o primeiro relato nacional de uma ferida fatal provocada por projétil de uma arma de ar comprimido. Objetivo: Alertar sobre os riscos que esse tipo de armamento representa e a necessidade de sua regulamentação. Relato de caso: Durante uma reunião de adolescentes em uma área rural, um deles disparou um rifle de ar comprimido de sua propriedade a uma distância de 25 metros. Um dos projéteis atingiu um dos jovens, penetrando no tórax, causando hemopneumotórax, seguido de parada cardiorrespiratória, lesão cerebral irreversível e morte 35 dias depois. Na autópsia, foi recuperado um projétil de chumbo de 5,5 mm de diâmetro e 0,84 gramas aderido ao ventrículo esquerdo. Discussão: A literatura internacional relata casos e séries em que este tipo de armamento causou lesões graves e mortes, incluindo traumas penetrantes no tórax. Existe uma percepção equivocada de baixo risco associada às chamadas “armas menos letais”, especialmente as de ar comprimido. Embora mundialmente se alerte sobre esta situação, no Uruguai e em outros países, essas armas são tratadas como esportivas ou recreativas, e sua comercialização é totalmente livre. Conclusões: 1) Médicos de emergência e legistas devem considerar a possibilidade de que projéteis de armas de ar comprimido comprometam órgãos vitais. 2) É necessário desconstruir a crença de que esse tipo de armamento é inofensivo para as pessoas. 3) Seria benéfico, para a prevenção primária, que as autoridades públicas regulamentassem a venda, posse e uso deste tipo de armamento, além de implementar campanhas de conscientização.

Resumen Se presenta la primera comunicación nacional de una herida mortal provocada por un proyectil de arma de aire comprimido. Objetivo: Alertar sobre los riesgos que supone esta clase de armamento y la necesidad de su regulación. Reporte del caso: En el contexto de una reunión de adolescentes en una zona rural, uno de ellos disparó un rifle de aire comprimido de su propiedad desde una distancia de 25 metros. Uno de los proyectiles que alcanzó a uno de los jóvenes, penetró en tórax, causó hemoneumotórax, seguido de paro cardiorrespiratorio, con agravio encefálico irreversible y muerte 35 días después. En la autopsia se recuperó un proyectil de plomo de 5,5 mm de diámetro y 0,84 gramos de peso adherido al ventrículo izquierdo. Discusión: La bibliografía internacional reporta casos y series en que este tipo de armamento causó lesiones de entidad y muerte, incluidos traumatismos penetrantes de tórax. Existe una errónea baja percepción del riesgo de las llamadas “armas menos letales”, en especial las de aire comprimido. Aunque a nivel mundial se alerta sobre esta situación, en Uruguay y otros países son tratadas como deportivas o recreativas y su comercialización es totalmente libre. Conclusiones: 1) Los médicos de emergencia y forenses debemos tener en cuenta la posibilidad de que los proyectiles de armas de aire comprimido comprometan órganos vitales. 2) Es necesario derribar la falsa creencia de que este tipo de armamento es inofensivo para las personas. 3) Sería beneficioso para la prevención primaria que las autoridades públicas regularan la venta, porte y uso de este tipo de armamento, así como la implementación de campañas de concientización.

ABSTRACT: ASD typically exhibit atypical development: alterations in executive brain functions such as social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, behavior, activities, and interests. Pediatric dentistry specialists may understand the background of these individuals' characteristics and be aware of existing tools to provide quality dental care tailored to their needs. The aim of this study is to identify psychoeducational strategies that facilitate adaptation to the dental environment and the application of preventive dentistry for children and adolescents with ASD. A systematic narrative review was conducted with searches in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Wiley databases for articles published between 2015 and 2023. From a preliminary total, after applying appropriate filters, 19 articles were selected for this review. These interventions include Visual Pedagogy, pictograms, images, technology such as tablets and digital images, visual stories, SADE, PECS, and Sensory Therapy. Treatment with any of these aforementioned facilitative techniques is lengthy and requires multiple sessions both in the dental office and in brushing technique instruction to achieve success. There is a clear need for intersectoral collaboration between health and education sectors, particularly in preventive dentistry, to achieve cost-effective care, whether for the state or caregivers themselves, thereby avoiding costly and risky procedures like general anesthesia.

RESUMEN: Actualmente Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) no se define como un solo trastorno, sino un conjunto de estos. Estos individuos tienen un desarrollo atípico: alteraciones en las funciones cerebrales ejecutivas como en la interacción social, comunicación verbal-no verbal y la conducta, actividades e intereses. El especialista en odontología pediátrica debe entender el trasfondo de las características de los individuos con este trastorno y conocer las herramientas existentes para proveer una atención odontológica de calidad adaptada a las necesidades de ellos. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar las estrategias psicoeducativas facilitadoras de la adaptación del box dental y la aplicación de odontología preventiva en niños y adolescentes con TEA. Se realizó una revisión sistemática narrativa con una búsqueda en la base de datos Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science y Wiley, de artículos relacionados publicados entre los años 2015 y 2023. De un total preliminar, después de realizado los filtros correspondientes, se llegó a un total de 19 artículos seleccionados para esta revisión. Estas intervenciones incluyen Pedagogia Visual, pictogramas, imágenes, tecnología como tablets e imágenes digitales, historias visuales, SADE, PECS y terapia Sensorial. El tratamiento con cualquiera de las técnicas facilitadoras antes mencionadas son tratamientos largos que necesitan múltiples sesiones tanto en el box odontológico como en la instrucción de técnica de cepillado para lograr el éxito. Destaca la necesidad del trabajo intersectorial entre salud y educación, especialmente en el campo de la odontología preventiva, para lograr una atención menos costosa, ya sea para el Estado o para los propios cuidadores, evitando procedimientos riesgosos de elevado costo como es la atención bajo anestesia general.

In 1925, Raymond Arthur Dart published his description and interpretations of the 'Taung Child' in the journal Nature, including a description of the natural brain endocast associated with the face and mandible. Details preserved in the endocast of the Taung Child have opened critical questions and debates about how the human brain evolved, and how to identify and study evidence of brain changes from fossil hominin crania. In this paper, we review and synthesise methodological innovations (how do we study fossil hominin brains?) and critical conceptual shifts (how did the hominin brain evolve?) triggered by the discovery of the Taung Child. In particular, we detail the impact of the study of the well-preserved crania and natural endocasts from the southern African hominin-bearing sites on our understanding of brain evolution and the integration of newly developed analytical tools into research in palaeoneurology (e.g. imaging techniques, 3D modelling). Additionally, we examine how the use of digital replicas of fossil hominin endocasts and the need to study extant human brains to form a comparative platform might raise questions about research practices (e.g. study and exhibition of fossil and extant human brains) and management of such invaluable heritage resources (e.g. data sharing). We finally consider how our view of human brain evolution, and in particular the putative uniqueness of the hominin brain, has changed over the last century. SIGNIFICANCE: We review and synthesise methodological innovations and critical conceptual shifts triggered by the discovery and description of the brain endocast of the 'Taung Child' by R.A. Dart in 1925. In particular, we detail the impact of the study of the well-preserved southern African hominin crania and natural endocasts on our understanding of brain evolution and the integration of newly developed analytical tools into palaeoneurology. Then, we examine how the use of digital replicas and the need to study extant human brains might raise questions about research practices and management of such invaluable heritage resources.

This piece reflects on the importance of and focus on heads - especially the collecting of skulls and its impacts - in alpha taxonomy, biological anthropology, and Western science more broadly. We consider how the announcement and overall discovery story of the Taung Child revolutionised our understanding of hominin cranial evolution, but also fit within these skull-collecting objectives and contributed to the palaeoanthropological fixation on the skull. We contextualise this within the history of 'physical' anthropology in light of its initial goals in scientific racism, and consider how this process of skull collecting has become normalised in the discipline as a result of this history. As evidence for this, we quantify the possible effects of skull-collecting by collating available data on the number of skulls versus post-crania curated in a representative South African collection and compare the number of skulls versus post-cranial hominin fossils that form part of species hypodigms. We also explore how the ownership of skulls and ownership of narrative in the discipline have been intertwined throughout its history. Finally, we focus on how this early overemphasis on skulls, and especially brain size/intelligence, may have skewed our understanding of human evolution and contributed to ideas of human exceptionalism. SIGNIFICANCE: • The discipline of palaeoanthropology has a history of skull-focused research rooted in skull collecting and racist research. • Historial skeletal collections and holotypes of fossil hominins are skull-biased. • The Taung Child fossil postcranial remains were not included in the original study, which reflects this skull-centrism. • Palaeoanthropologists need to recognise biases in research choices and the context from which our field developed.

Abstract In this study, we investigated the cerebroprotective effects of fenchone (FEN) against brain ischemia through in silico and in vivo approaches, focusing on the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and the modulation of oxidative stress markers. Molecular docking revealed the potential binding affinity of FEN for the NOS active site, with a binding energy of -6.6 kcal/mol. This was validated through molecular dynamics simulations over a 100 ns time frame, demonstrating stability and favorable interaction profiles. Wistar albino rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion/reperfusion (BCCAO/R) followed by FEN administration at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. Our results indicated a significant reduction in cerebral infarction size and improvements in electroencephalography (EEG) signal magnitude with FEN treatment. Additionally, FEN restored the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels and infarct size compared to those in untreated ischemic rats. Histological analysis further corroborated the neuroprotective effects of FEN, demonstrating the structural preservation of neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region. Overall, the results suggest that FEN plays a neuroprotective role in brain ischemia, potentially through the inhibition of NOS, reduction of oxidative stress, and modulation of antioxidants, highlighting the potential of FEN as a therapeutic candidate for ischemic stroke management.

Malaria, caused by Plasmodium spp., remains a major public health problem. Cerebral malaria is its deadliest form, with a 15-25% mortality rate, despite artemisinin-based treatments. In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) strictly defines cerebral malaria as the presence of coma, 1 h after a seizure or the correction of hypoglycemia, in patients with P. falciparum parasitemia. Consequently, 25% of survivors experience neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae, particularly in children. However, more recently, neurocognitive and behavioral impairments were also reported in severe non-cerebral malaria, non-severe malaria, and even during asymptomatic Plasmodium infection. Such impairments have been observed in school-aged children, the elderly, and in animal models without classic cerebral malaria pathology. Additionally, mild vasogenic edema has been detected in neuroimaging of patients with severe non-cerebral and non-severe P. falciparum malaria. Therefore, given that approximately 98% of malaria cases in the world are non-severe, neurocognitive and behavioral sequelae may account for a significant proportion of global malaria morbidity. Taken together, these observations suggest that systemic inflammation from malaria, even without traditional cerebral malaria signs, can disrupt brain function and lead to long-term sequelae. We propose that the current definition of cerebral malaria may not fully capture the observed evidence and a new conceptualization is necessary to encompass these findings.

Abstract Glioma brain tumors have similar textural patterns to other tumors, making their detection and segmentation a challenging process. The approach of the Modified Tumor Detection System (MTDS) is presented in this study to identify and categorize brain images of gliomas from images of healthy brains. The Spatial Gabor Transform (SGT), feature calculations, and deep learning structure comprise the training work flow of the suggested MTDS technique. The features are computed from the glioma brain image dataset images and the normal brain image dataset images and these features are fed into the classification architecture. In this paper, the proposed IVGG architecture is derived from the existing Visual Geometry Group (VGG) architecture to improve the detection rate of the proposed system and to decrease the computational time complexity. The testing work flow of the proposed system is also consist of SGT, feature computation and the IVGG architecture to produce the classification result of the source brain images into either normal or glioma. Furthermore, the Morphological Segmentation technique has been used to find the tumor locations in this glioma image. Two separate brain imaging datasets have been used in this study to evaluate and validate the suggested MTDS's performance efficiency. BRATS Imaging 2020 (BI20) and Kaggle Brain Imaging (KBI) are the datasets. Analysis of the performance efficiency has been done in relation to the Jaccard index, recall, precision, and detection rate.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI), and vascular dementia (VD) are considered the most common causes of severe cognitive impairment in clinical practice. Numerous factors can influence their progression, and many studies have recently revealed that metabolic disorders play crucial roles in the progression of cognitive impairment. Mounting evidence indicate that the regulation of lipid metabolism is a major factor in maintaining brain homeostasis. Generally, abnormalities in lipid metabolism can affect amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and insulin resistance through lipid metabolic signaling cascades; affect the neuronal membrane structure, neurotransmitter synthesis and release; and promote synapse growth, which can impact neural signal transmission and exacerbate disease progression in individuals with cognitive impairment, including AD, DCI, and VD. Moreover, apolipoprotein E (APOE), a key protein in lipid transport, is involved in the occurrence and development of the aforementioned diseases by regulating lipid metabolism. The present article mainly discusses how lipid metabolic disorders in the brain microenvironment are involved in regulating the progression of cognitive impairment, and it explores the regulatory effects of targeting the key lipid transport protein APOE in the context of the role of lipid metabolism in the common pathogenesis of three diseases—Aβ deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and insulin resistance—which will help elucidate the potential of targeting lipid metabolism for the treatment of cognitive impairment.

ABSTRACT Purpose Investigations on identifying the nature of stuttering present varying views. The argument remains whether the stuttering dysfluencies have a motor or a linguistic foundation. Though stuttering is considered a speech-motor disorder, linguistic factors are increasingly reported to play a role in stuttering. Current literature points towards deficits in speech-related motor areas of the brain to abnormalities in linguistic planning and phonological memory playing a role in stuttering. Examining cross-linguistic generalization of treatment gains from treated to untreated language in bilinguals who stutter may provide a unique opportunity to explore the motor and linguistic factors in stuttering. Methods In the current study, we explored this potential by experimentally controlling the language of treatment in bilinguals with stuttering (BWS). We hypothesized that if the dysfluencies in stuttering arise from the underlying motor deficits, then the language of treatment would not play a significant role in cross-linguistic generalization. Sixteen BWS were given transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) along with behavioral intervention for three weeks. The language of treatment was randomized, wherein participants in one group received behavioral intervention in their dominant language and the other in their non-dominant language. Results Results showed that participants in both groups showed a reduction in their stuttering dysfluencies (% stuttered syllables) regardless of the language of treatment, and the treatment gains were generalized to the non-treated language. Conclusion Linguistic factors such as language dominance and structure of languages did not surface to play a role in the generalization, signaling the motoric nature of dysfluencies in stuttering.

BACKGROUND: The contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR (CE-T2-FLAIR) sequence on MRI, through the suppression of CSF and vascular signals, can detect subtle meningeal enhancement in meningitis that may not be appreciable on the routinely used contrast-enhanced T1W (CE-T1W) sequence. OBJECTIVES: To assess CE-T2-FLAIR compared to CE-T1W in the diagnosis of meningitis, using CSF analysis as the gold standard, using both qualitative and quantitative approaches for assessment. METHOD: A retrospective study was conducted on 53 patients with clinically suspected meningitis referred for brain MRI. Twenty-seven patients, positive for meningitis on CSF analysis, were classified as the case group; the remaining patients were designated as controls. The pre-contrast, CE-T1W and CE-T2-FLAIR images were assessed and analysed, qualitatively for the detection of abnormal meningeal enhancement, and quantitatively by measuring single pixel signal intensities (SPSI) over the meninges and vessels. RESULTS: Contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity (92.59% vs. 57.69%), negative predictive value (92.59% vs. 70.27%) and diagnostic accuracy (94.34% vs. 78.85%) compared to CE-T1W. Additionally, CE-T2-FLAIR showed significantly greater meningeal SPSI and enhancement than CE-T1W. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced T2-FLAIR is better at detecting abnormal meningeal enhancement in meningitis than CE-T1W, because of significantly greater signal intensity and enhancement of the meninges compared to vessels. CONTRIBUTION: This study reiterates the usefulness of CE-T2-FLAIR as an additional sequence for the detection of abnormal meningeal enhancement in cases of meningitis as confirmed both qualitatively and quantitatively.

Resumo A Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) é o primeiro nível de atenção em saúde, sendo considerado um espaço importante para promover o cuidado integral ao indivíduo e para oferecer educação em saúde. A doação de órgãos e o transplante ainda são pouco discutidos nesse cenário, sobretudo pelas lacunas de conhecimento dos profissionais que atuam na área. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o conhecimento e o posicionamento dos profissionais da APS sobre o processo de doação de órgãos e tecidos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e analítico, por meio da aplicação de um questionário. A coleta ocorreu no período de janeiro a julho de 2022 e foram necessárias várias visitas para que fosse possível aplicar os instrumentos a todos os profissionais. Utilizou-se o teste Qui-quadrado para as análises. Participaram da pesquisa 114 profissionais da APS, prevalecendo o sexo feminino (76,3%), agentes comunitários de saúde (55,3%) e profissionais de enfermagem (24,5%). Do total, a maioria dos entrevistados (93%) se declaram favoráveis à doação de órgãos, apesar de grande parte destes (46,5%) confiar parcialmente no diagnóstico de morte encefálica, além da maioria (63,2%) relatar dúvidas sobre a comercialização de órgãos. O conhecimento dos profissionais é limitado, sendo necessário realilzar discussões e capacitações acerca da temática, visando melhorar a compreensão do processo de doação, podendo contribuir para o aumento de doações.

Abstract Primary health care is the first level of healthcare, being considered an important space to promote full health to the individual and to offer health education. Organ donation and transplant are still scarcely discussed in this scenario, especially due to the lack of knowledge of health professionals who work in this area. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the knowledge and opinion of primary health workers regarding organ and tissue donation. This is a descriptive and analytic field study, with a cross-sectional design and quantitative approach, performed using a questionnaire. In total, 114 primary health workers participated in the study: 76.3% females, 55.3% community health agents and 24.5% nurses. Most participants (93.0%) were favorable to organ donation, even though 46.5% reported only partially trusting the diagnosis of brain death. Moreover, 63.2% reported having doubts about organ commercialization. It is concluded that the knowledge of these professionals is limited, thus, more discussion and qualifications about the theme are necessary, to improve the understanding regarding the organ donation process and contribute to the increase of organ donations.

RESUMEN Introducción: El trauma craneoencefálico en población infantil continúa siendo un grave problema de salud a nivel mundial. El cuidado de enfermería en su contexto juega un papel crucial en la mejora de los resultados clínicos y la calidad de vida. Objetivo: Diseñar un registro y aplicación móvil para la evaluación neurológica del traumatismo craneoencefálico en pediatría por enfermería. Métodos: Se realizó una investigación analítica observacional, cualicuantitativa y longitudinal, de desarrollo tecnológico, en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos del Hospital Pediátrico Docente Provincial Eliseo Noel Caamaño, de Matanzas, en el período de marzo de 2021 a junio de 2023. El universo de estudio estuvo conformado por 34 enfermeros, y la muestra por 27 al inicio del diagnóstico, y 22 al finalizar el estudio. Resultados: En la primera aplicación del instrumento de medición de conocimientos la mayoría de los profesionales mostró un nivel bajo, hecho este que mejoró una vez realizada la capacitación. Además, se constató que los especialistas realizaron una valoración positiva de los aspectos teóricos del registro y la aplicación móvil. Conclusiones: Se diseñó un registro y aplicación móvil de evaluación neurológica que estandariza el cuidado de enfermería en el traumatismo craneoencefálico pediátrico en las unidades de atención al paciente crítico, lo cual permite una orientación adecuada y, a su a vez, una guía en el actuar con inmediatez ante posibles complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Traumatic brain injury in children continues to be a serious health problem worldwide. Nursing care in its context plays a crucial role in improving clinical outcomes and quality of life. Objective: To design a registry and mobile application for the neurological assessment of traumatic brain injury in pediatrics by nursing. Methods: An analytical, observational, qualitative-quantitative, and longitudinal research of technological development was conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the Provincial Pediatric Teaching Hospital Eliseo Noel Caamaño, Matanzas, in the period from March 2021 to June 2023. The universe of the study consisted of 34 nurses, and the sample consisted of 27 at the beginning of the diagnosis and 22 at the end of the study. Results: In the first application of the knowledge measurement instrument, most of the professionals showed a low level, a fact that improved once the training was completed. In addition, it was found that the specialists made a positive assessment of the theoretical aspects of the registry and the mobile application. Conclusions: A neurological assessment registry and mobile application was designed that standardizes nursing care in pediatric traumatic brain injury in critical patients care units, which allows adequate orientation and, in turn, a guide in acting immediately in the face of possible complications.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by extracellular accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides in the brain. This study demonstrates the direct association of the disposable pipette extraction (DPX) with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for the analysis of Aβ peptides in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. Different parameters were optimized in order to improve detectability in the MS/MS including mobile phase percentage of ammonium hydroxide, mobile phase flow rate and acquisition mode. Also, this method used an electrospray ionization (ESI) low-flow probe and direct infusion of an organic solution in the MS/MS. The DPX-MS/MS method showed adequate linearity for determining Aβ peptides in CSF-linearity ranged from 0.1 to 1.5 ng mL 1. The coefficients of determination were higher than 0.99; the precision coefficient of variation (CV) ranged from 0.3 to 12.7%; and the accuracy relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged from -13.6 to 13.2%. Alzheimers Alzheimer s AD (AD amyloidβ amyloid β (Aβ brain DPX (DPX MSMS MS (MS/MS CSF (CSF samples hydroxide mode Also ESI (ESI lowflow low DPXMS/MS DPXMSMS CSFlinearity 01 0 1 0. 15 5 0.99 099 99 CV (CV 03 3 12.7% 127 12 7 RSD (RSD 13.6 136 13 6 -13. 132 2 13.2% DPXMS 0.9 09 9 12.7 13. -13 13.2 12. -1 -

The in silico study aimed to suggest phytochemicals from Commiphora leptophloeos leaves essential oil as therapies against coronavirus disease (COVID-19) (or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2). For that, we used molecular docking (MD), absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) parameters, and pharmacokinetic analysis. MD showed the presence of hydrophobic and hydrogen bonds for nine compounds. β-Selinene and bicyclogermacrene showed the best interaction values with the protein Mpro (ID: 6Y2F) (-5.9) and chimeric receptor complexed with its receptor human ACE2 (ID: 6VW1) (-6.1 and -5.5) proteins, as well as low gastrointestinal and high epithelial absorptions, medium permeability for Caco-2 cells and high epithelial permeability, low oral excretion, and were inhibitors of CYP2C19 and CYP2C9 enzymes. On the other hand, both were not permeable to the blood-brain barrier and inhibitors or substrates for glycoprotein-D, and showed carcinogenic potential, but only β-selinene was considered mutagenic. Although little bioavailable, both presented aspects structurally adequate, being compounds with moderate synthesis difficulty. Therefore, more analyses are necessary to evaluate the mechanism of action and unsatisfactory parameters foreseen in bioinformatic assays. COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 2 SARSCoV2. SARSCoV2 SARSCoV SARS CoV . SARS-CoV-2) that MD, , (MD) absorption distribution metabolism excretion ADMET (ADMET analysis βSelinene β Selinene ID (ID 6Y2F YF Y F 5.9 59 5 9 (-5.9 ACE 6VW1 VW 6.1 61 6 1 (-6. 5.5 55 -5.5 proteins absorptions Caco2 Caco Caco- CYPC CYP C CYP2C1 CYP2C enzymes hand bloodbrain blood brain glycoproteinD, glycoproteinD glycoprotein D, D glycoprotein-D potential βselinene selinene mutagenic bioavailable adequate difficulty Therefore assays COVID1 (COVID-1 SARS-CoV-2 (MD 5. (-5. 6VW 6. (-6 -5. (COVID- SARS-CoV- (-5 (- -5 (COVID SARS-CoV ( -

ABSTRACT: The study was conducted on a 3-year-old female Santa Inês sheep from a property located in the municipality of Santo Antônio de Tauá, west of Pará. The affected animal had a history of exophthalmos in the left eye, nasal discharge, and breathing difficulty for more than three months. On physical examination, the animal had a low body score, apathy, unilateral facial asymmetry, moderate unilateral left exophthalmos, mixed dyspnea and unilateral profuse serosanguinous nasal discharge. At necropsy, a large nasal mass was observed, predominantly yellowish-white with blackish-red areas, with an irregular, finely granular, moist, and friable surface. The mass invaded from the mucocutaneous junction of the left nostril to the choanae, infiltrated the frontal sinuses, the cribiform plate, and reached the meninges and the frontal portion of the brain. Microscopy of the surface of the nasal epithelium showed severe destruction of the turbinates and epithelia, evidenced by extensive areas of necrosis with a large amount of cellular debris, ulceration, and secondary bacterial infection. In the central nervous system there was pyogranulomatous meningitis with marked vessel congestion, as well as foci of necrosis and granulomatous inflammation. Immunohistochemistry showed intense staining of numerous intralesional hyphae for antibodies against Conidiobolus lamprauges. The diagnosis of granulomatous rhinitis of mycotic origin associated with the Conidiobolus lamprauges was based on epidemiological, clinical-pathological, and immunohistochemical data. ABSTRACT 3yearold yearold 3 year old Tauá Pará eye discharge months examination score apathy asymmetry necropsy observed yellowishwhite yellowish white blackishred blackish red irregular granular moist choanae sinuses plate brain epithelia debris ulceration infection congestion inflammation epidemiological clinicalpathological, clinicalpathological clinical pathological, pathological clinical-pathological data

RESUMO: O estudo foi realizado em um ovino, fêmea, de três anos de idade, da raça santa inês, procedente de uma propriedade localizada do município de Santo Antônio de Tauá, oeste do Pará. O animal acometido tinha histórico de exoftalmia no olho esquerdo, secreção nasal e dificuldade respiratória há mais de três meses. Ao exame físico o animal apresentava baixo escore corporal, apatia, assimetria facial unilateral, moderada exoftalmia unilateral esquerda, dispneia mista e exsudação nasal serossanguinolenta profusa unilateral. À necropsia, foi observada grande massa nasal, predominantemente branco-amarelada com áreas vermelho enegrecidas, de superfície irregular, finamente granular, úmida e friável. A massa invadia desde a junção mucocutânea do nariz esquerdo até as coanas, se infiltrava pelos seios nasais frontais, placa cribiforme e alcançava as meninges e a porção frontal do cérebro. À microscopia da superfície do epitélio nasal notou-se severa destruição dos cornetos e dos epitélios, evidenciada por extensas áreas de necrose com muitos debris celulares, ulceração e infecção bacteriana secundária. No sistema nervoso central (SNC) havia meningite piogranulomatosa com acentuada congestão de vasos, focos de necrose e inflamação granulomatosa. O diagnóstico de rinite granulomatosa de origem micótica associada ao fungo Conidiobolus lamprauges foi baseado nos achados da imuno-histoquímica. RESUMO ovino fêmea idade inês Tauá Pará meses corporal apatia esquerda necropsia brancoamarelada branco amarelada enegrecidas irregular granular friável coanas frontais cérebro notouse notou epitélios celulares secundária SNC (SNC vasos imunohistoquímica. imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica. histoquímica imuno-histoquímica