African swine fever (ASF) is a highly fatal viral haemorrhagic disease affecting pigs. This study uses official surveillance data to investigate the persistence and spread of ASF in wild boar populations in Serbia from 2020 to 2024. A total of 480 ASF cases were analysed, with spatiotemporal clustering conducted via SaTScan™ and proximity analyses performed in the Quantum Geographic Information System. The yearly prevalence of ASF in wild boar rose steadily from 0.66% in 2020 to 1.47% in 2023. Seasonal trends showed a significant increase in cases during winter (68%) and spring (24%). Five distinct clusters were identified, predominantly near the borders with North Macedonia and Bulgaria, suggesting potential cross-border transmission. Proximity to major roads was significantly associated with ASF case distribution (p < 0.01), while proximity to water bodies and elevation showed no consistent pattern. The findings highlight critical gaps in current passive surveillance systems, which likely underestimate ASF prevalence. The study underscores the need for enhanced surveillance in remote and wooded areas and proposes strategies to improve ASF monitoring and control in wild boar populations. CONTRIBUTION: This study highlights the feasibility of cost-effective, non-invasive surveillance methods for ASF detection, offering critical insights for low-income countries where resources for intensive disease monitoring are limited. By demonstrating how environmental and anthropogenic factors drive ASF dynamics, this research provides actionable strategies for improving regional and global ASF control efforts.

The migration of Zimbabweans in search of better opportunities has spurred the growth and spread of Zimbabwean Churches within diaspora communities. Currently, many Zimbabwean churches like other African Churches have crossed continental borders, setting up branches in Europe and North America. This phenomenon of African Churches engaging with diasporic communities has been described by scholars as a 'Reverse Mission'. A critical question that emerges is: To what degree is the establishment of African churches in other nations and continent an indicative of a reverse mission? The case study focuses on two Zimbabwean churches that have established branches in South Africa and other countries both within and beyond the African continent. The selection of the two churches is based on their origins that trace back to South Africa, rendering them pertinent examples for discussion in the context of reverse mission. The research identified 'missiological gaps' leading to a 'missionary trap' in the context of reverse mission, as the two Zimbabwean Churches face new frontiers. The article discusses how Zimbabwean churches, along with other African churches in the diaspora, created obstacles that impeded the dissemination of the gospel because of their insufficient cross-cultural training and experience. The researcher utilised descriptive phenomenological and interpretive phenomenological approaches for data collection and analysis, respectively. INTRADISCIPLINARY AND/OR INTERDISCIPLINARY: The article is framed within the context of reverse mission, missiology, and the history of African Christianity. It contends that the African church should reassess its evangelistic strategies as it transcends national and international borders

Resumen Para toda aquella persona que se haya formado en una facultad de arquitectura, al menos de la Argentina, hablar del taller puede resultar absolutamente cotidiano. Hace más de cien años se lo concibe indiscutidamente como un lugar donde se aprende haciendo. Como sucede con la mayoría de las palabras, nadie se cuestiona a diario qué significa en otros contextos, de dónde proviene o por qué no se llaman aulas. Es porque se trata de una metáfora muerta, que esconde connotaciones ideológicas e imágenes características que no son visibles cada vez que se menciona. El término taller proviene de artilaria, atelier . lehrwerkstatt en las distintas lenguas, todas expresiones particularmente vinculadas a tecnologías productivas de cada época. Por eso, este artículo presenta un estudio de lo no dicho del taller que se revela detrás de su metáfora, para pensar lo que esta dice en cuanto a tecnologías educativas y así reconocer los límites y fronteras en que es posible imaginar talleres híbridos en la actualidad. Volver brevemente sobre la historia y la semántica del taller ofrece un nuevo marco para pensar las tecnologías educativas digitales en la enseñanza de arquitectura, superado el contexto de educación de emergencia y pos-pandemia.

Abstract For anyone who has studied in an architecture faculty, at least in Argentina, talking about the workshop can be something absolutely daily. For more than a hundred years it has been unquestionably conceived as a place where learning means doing. As with most words, no one questions every day what it means in other contexts, where it comes from or why workshops are not called classrooms. This occurs because it is a dead metaphor hiding ideological connotations and characteristic images which are not visible every time it is mentioned. The term workshop comes from artilaria, atelier or lehrwerkstatt in different languages, all of them are expressions particularly linked to productive technologies of each era. For this reason, this article presents a study of the unsaid of the workshop that reveals what the metaphor entails leading to the reflection on what it says about the world in terms of educational technologies. Thus, this allows the recognition of the limits and borders in which it is possible to imagine hybrid workshops nowadays. Returning briefly to the history and semantics of the workshop offers a new framework for thinking about digital educational technologies in architecture teaching, beyond the context of emergency and post-pandemic education.

Resumen Se estudia el emprendimiento y la reintegración de personas colombianas que migraron a Venezuela hacia el año 2000 y fueron deportadas a Colombia en 2015 por el gobierno venezolano. Se investiga hasta qué punto sus movilidades espaciales transfronterizas y sus redes sociales contribuyen al avance de sus microemprendimientos, y cómo el contexto geopolítico influye en su reintegración socioeconómica. La metodología comprende la observación etnográfica multisituada, las entrevistas biográficas, los mapas mentales y los talleres participativos Minga realizados con 18 individuos. Se concluye que, pese a su notable resiliencia, las personas en retorno y sus emprendimientos se enfrentan a una precariedad constante debido a la falta de apoyo estatal, los conflictos geopolíticos prevalentes, la débil economía local y el trauma de la deportación. Así mismo, buscando mejorar su reintegración socioeconómica, los migrantes que retornan efectúan estrategias de movilidad transfronteriza para aprovechar las oportunidades ofrecidas por diferentes lugares en Colombia y Venezuela.

Abstract This paper explores the entrepreneurship and reintegration of Colombians who migrated to Venezuela around 2000 and were arbitrarily deported to Colombia in 2015 by the Venezuelan government. It asks to what extent their cross-border spatial mobilities and social networks help develop their microenterprises and how the geopolitical context influences their socioeconomic reintegration. The methodology includes multi-sited ethnographic observation, biographical interviews, mental maps, and participatory Minga workshops carried out with 18 individuals. It is concluded that, despite their remarkable resilience, these individuals and their business ventures face constant precarity due to a lack of state support, prevalent geopolitical conflicts, a weak local economy, and the trauma of deportation. At the same time, in an attempt to improve their socioeconomic reintegration, returning migrants deploy cross-border mobility strategies to take advantage of the opportunities offered by different localities in Colombia and Venezuela.

Resumen La presencia de fauna feral en ecosistemas conservados causa impactos negativos y aunado a presiones a las que está sometida la flora y la fauna nativa, tales como incendios, fragmentación, cambio de uso de suelo, repercuten negativamente en la distribución y densidad de las especies, así como la pérdida de las mismas, mientras que la fauna puede ser o estar sujeta a procesos de desplazamiento o extinción de manera local. La finalidad del presente estudio es identificar las especies de fauna feral y sus hábitos en una porción de selva mediana en Acapulco, Guerrero. Se ubicaron y georreferenciaron ocho cámaras trampa, en un fragmento de selva media con una superficie de ocho hectáreas del periodo marzo del 2022 a enero 2023. Del muestreo se obtuvieron 1184 fotografías, en donde se observaron dos especies de mamíferos terrestres ferales y 5 de fauna nativa. Las especies más abundantes fueron Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n=10), Felis silvestris catus (n=9) y las poco abundantes fueron Procyon lotor (n = 3) y Tamandua mexicana (n = 1); se evidenció que las especies ferales y nativas ambas tienen hábitos nocturnos crepusculares, por lo que si no coinciden utilizan los mismos senderos, lo que aumenta la posibilidad de encuentros. Por ello, se requieren actividades de control, contención para la fauna feral ya que el área del proyecto colinda con áreas naturales protegidas.

Resumo A presença de fauna silvestre em ecossistemas conservados causa impactos negativos e, aliada às pressões a que estão submetidas a flora e a fauna nativas, como incêndios, fragmentação, mudança no uso do solo, impactam negativamente na distribuição e densidade das espécies, como bem como a sua perda, enquanto a fauna pode estar ou estar sujeita a processos locais de deslocamento ou extinção. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar as espécies da fauna silvestre e seus hábitos em uma porção de selva de médio porte em Acapulco, Guerrero. Oito armadilhas fotográficas foram localizadas e georreferenciadas em um fragmento de floresta média com área de oito hectares no período de março de 2022 a janeiro de 2023. Da amostragem foram obtidas 1.184 fotografias, onde foram encontradas duas espécies de mamíferos terrestres silvestres e 5 de fauna. foram observados. As espécies mais abundantes foram Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) e as menos abundantes foram Procyon lotor (n = 3) e Tamanduá Mexicano (n = 1); Ficou evidente que ambas as espécies silvestres e nativas possuem hábitos noturnos crepusculares, portanto, caso não coincidam, utilizam as mesmas trilhas, o que aumenta a possibilidade de encontros. Portanto, são necessárias atividades de controle e contenção para a fauna selvagem, uma vez que a área do projeto faz fronteira com áreas naturais protegidas.

Abstract The presence of feral fauna in conserved ecosystems causes negative impacts and, combined with pressures to which native flora and fauna are subjected, such as fires, fragmentation, change in land use, have a negative impact on the distribution and density of species, as well as the Loss of species and particularly fauna may be subject to local displacement or extinction processes. The purpose of this study is to identify the species of feral fauna and their habits in a portion of medium-sized jungle located in Acapulco, Guerrero. Eight camera traps were located and georeferenced in a fragment of medium forest with an area of eight hectares from the period March 2022 to January 2023. From the sampling, 1,184 photographs were obtained, two species of feral terrestrial mammals and 5 of native fauna were observed. The most abundant species were Didelphis virginiana (n = 22), Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 12), Canis lupus familiaris (n = 10), Felis silvestris catus (n = 9) and the least abundant were Procyon lotor (n = 3) and Tamandua mexicana (n = 1), with this the feral and native Bambas species have crepuscular nocturnal habits, so if they do not coincide they use the same trails, which increases the possibility of encounters, control activities are required, containment for the feral fauna since the project area borders protected natural areas.

Resumen: Durante la pandemia, desde instancias de poder del sistema migratorio se instrumentaron políticas diferenciales de control y vigilancia con impactos en la salud de los trabajadores, la migración y el empleo. Fueron dispositivos constituidos en biopolíticas dirigidos a garantizar la sobrevivencia de los Estados, sin importar la salud, movilidad y empleo de la gente. El cierre de fronteras y circulación no sólo canceló la migración, sino las formas de ganarse la vida, tanto para migrantes internacionales como para trabajadores locales. Sobre las condiciones de desigualdad preexistentes se desplegaron medidas de seguridad nacional con evidentes dosis de exclusión y xenofobia, producto de un subyacente racismo estructural.

Abstract: During the pandemic, differential control and surveillance policies were implemented from power levels in the immigration system, with impacts on workers’ health, migration and employment. They were devices constituted in biopolitics aimed at guaranteeing the survival of states regardless of the health, mobility and employment of the people. The closure of borders and circulation not only canceled migration, but also the ways of making a living, both for international migrants and local workers. National security measures were deployed on pre-existing conditions of inequality, with evident doses of exclusion and xenophobia, the product of underlying structural racism.

Resumen Este artículo toma como caso de estudio al escritor cubano José Lezama Lima quien, en su intención de forjar un sistema poético del mundo, enunció conceptos que el discurso científico sólo alcanzaría a desarrollar décadas más tarde a través de las Ciencias de la Complejidad, la Teoría General de Sistemas y la hermenéutica de Paul Ricoeur. La búsqueda bibliográfica y la comparación con teorías científicas correspondientes a la época en que Lezama vivió (o un poco posterior) revelan en el escritor cubano una comprensión de la realidad en muchos casos visionaria con respecto a la ciencia de su tiempo.

Abstract This paper focuses on the Cuban writer José Lezama Lima, who attempted to build a poetic system of the world and, on that way, developed concepts that the science only achieved to understand a decades later throughout the Complexity Sciences, the General Systems Theory and the Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics. The bibliographic research and the contrast with scientific theories prevalent during his time or slightly after, it becomes evident that the Cuban writer had a visionary understanding of reality compared to the science of his time.

Abstract Our study suggests that the repeated proposals for the integration of Bolivia's eastern territories and the Litoral Department between 1853 and 1904 were based on generic or imaginary projections of peripheral geography and resources. These proposals lacked cartographic or scientific backing, and did not establish specific objectives to safeguard fiscal interests. Nor did they consider the material realities and symbolic aspirations of peripheral societies, which included indigenous communities, elites and resident workers. This lack of consideration would explain why, for more than five decades, these initiatives only met with resistance at the territorial extremes, where inhabitants did not perceive the state as providing them with inherent services. The expansion of internal borders proved costly for Bolivia: fiscal support for strategic projects compromised the country's financial stability and led to territorial claims by neighbouring countries, significantly reducing its surface area.

Resumen Nuestro estudio sugiere que las repetidas propuestas para la integración de los territorios orientales y el Departamento Litoral de Bolivia entre 1853 y 1904 se basaron en proyecciones genéricas o imaginarias de la geografía y los recursos periféricos. Estas propuestas carecían de respaldo cartográfico o científico, y no establecían objetivos específicos para salvaguardar los intereses fiscales. Tampoco consideraban las realidades materiales y las aspiraciones simbólicas de las sociedades periféricas, que incluían a comunidades indígenas, élites y trabajadores residentes. Esta falta de consideración explicaría por qué, durante más de cinco décadas, estas iniciativas solo encontraron resistencia en los extremos territoriales, donde los habitantes no percibían que el Estado les proporcionara los servicios inherentes. La expansión de las fronteras interiores resultó costosa para Bolivia: el respaldo fiscal a proyectos estratégicos comprometió la estabilidad financiera del país y dio lugar a reclamos territoriales por parte de países vecinos, lo que redujo significativamente su superficie.

RESUMEN Este trabajo tiene por objetivo presentar un método de evaluación y análisis de la cadena de suministro como estructura organizativa cuya salida es un producto de calidad y alta demanda en el sector agropecuario. Se presentan definiciones, así como los elementos que definen a la cadena de suministro como estructura organizativa. Se brinda un método de evaluación y análisis, estableciendo sus dimensiones de trabajo y las etapas para su desarrollo. Su aplicación práctica permite realizar una síntesis de los factores que entorpecen y/o facilitan la efectividad de la cadena en el contexto de la economía cubana. Se expone el resultado del proyecto de investigación «Mejorar la cadena de suministro de productos cárnicos del sector agroalimentario para la exportación en fronteras. Código: PN131SS014-011», perteneciente a un Programa Nacional de Ciencia y Técnica.

ABSTRAC This work aims to present a method of evaluation and analysis of the supply chain as an organizational structure whose output is a quality product and high demand in the agricultural sector. Definitions are presented, as well as the elements that define the supply chain as an organizational structure. An evaluation and analysis method is provided, establishing its dimensions of work and the stages for its development. Its practical application allows a synthesis of the factors that hinder and/or facilitate the effectiveness of the chain in the context of the Cuban economy. The result of the research project «Improving the supply chain of meat products in the agri-food sector for export at borders Code PN131SS014-011», belonging to add files National Program of Science and Technique

Abstract This article follows from ethnographic work conducted at an airport in Portugal, where, from June 2021 to April 2022, I observed the daily routines of the inspectors of the Portuguese Immigration and Borders Service (SEF) across various groups, shifts and functions. The aim is to analyze, through the lens of temporality, how anticipation can be understood in two ways as a temporal practice in the management of passengers: on the one hand, it is shaped by contingent conveniences of logistical, organizational, and personal nature, and on the other hand, it generates different speeds of access to the national territory (NT). In the process of mobilizing these two temporal dimensions, the inspectors reorganize spatial and situational frameworks, complicating notions of action and inaction when encountering subjects in mobility.

Resumo Este artigo surge no seguimento do trabalho etnográfico realizado num aeroporto em Portugal, onde de junho de 2021 a abril de 2022 acompanhei nos vários grupos e turnos o quotidiano dos inspetores do Serviço de Estrangeiros e Fronteiras (SEF). A intenção está em analisar, através da lente da temporalidade, como a antecipação pode ser duplamente entendida como uma prática temporal aquando da gestão dos passageiros: por um lado, é produzida através de conveniências contigenciais de ordem logística, organizacional e pessoal, e por outro produz diferentes velocidades de acesso ao território nacional (TN). No decurso da mobilização destas duas dimensões temporais os inspetores reorganizam quadros espaciais e situacionais, complicando ideias de ação e não ação aquando do seu encontro com os sujeitos em mobilidade.

Abstract The interwar years were a period in which the debate on forms of illegal activity intensified, which transcended country borders due to the growth of political threats associated with communism and anarchism, and the development of new common criminal practices related to human trafficking, drug trafficking and counterfeiting of money, also witnessing an increase in the transnational movement of people. Among these individuals were political suspects and common criminals, who passed through Portugal, some of whom with the intention of reaching the American continent. Based on Portuguese police and diplomatic sources, this article addresses the police repression carried out by Salazar’s regime against the presence of foreign citizens in Portugal, focusing on the surveillance and control exercised by the political police over political suspects and criminals of other nationalities in its early years.

Resumo O Entreguerras foi um período em que se intensificou o debate sobre as formas de atividade ilegal que transcendiam as fronteiras dos países devido ao crescimento das ameaças políticas conotadas com o comunismo e o anarquismo e ao desenvolvimento de novas práticas de delito comum relacionadas com o tráfico de pessoas, de estupefacientes e com a falsificação de dinheiro, assistindo-se, igualmente, a um incremento da circulação transnacional de pessoas. Entre estes indivíduos encontravam-se suspeitos políticos e criminosos comuns, que transitaram por Portugal, alguns dos quais com a intenção de chegar ao continente americano. A partir de fontes policiais e diplomáticas portuguesas, este artigo1 aborda a repressão policial desenvolvida pelo regime salazarista no início da sua vigência, contra a presença de cidadãos estrangeiros em Portugal, focando a vigilância e o controlo exercidos pela polícia política sobre suspeitos políticos e criminosos de outras nacionalidades.

Abstract Eucalyptus species are widely cultivated in Brazil due to their high productivity, relatively short rotation cycle, and the variety of products they offer. The estimation of tree volume is commonly done using the artificial form factor (real volume / cylinder volume). However, this method may result in inaccurate and biased estimates, leading to incorrect decisions in plantation management. This study describes a flexible form factor and some considerations for its implementation for different species. The Smalian method was used to determine the real volumes in 2198 eucalyptus trees. The artificial form factor and the flexible form factor of Silva, Borders and Brister were estimated with their proportionality constants determined using probability density functions. The artificial form factor, estimated at 0.53, produced inaccurate and biased volume estimates, whereas the flexible form factor, with a constant of 0.55, produced accurate and unbiased estimates.

Resumen Las especies del género Eucalyptus se cultivan ampliamente en Brasil debido a su alta productividad, ciclo de rotación relativamente corto y la variedad de productos que ofrecen. La estimación del volumen del árbol en pie se realiza comúnmente con el factor de forma artificial (volumen real/volumen del cilindro). Sin embargo, este método puede generar estimaciones poco precisas y sesgadas, induciendo a la toma de decisiones inapropiadas en el manejo de las plantaciones. Este estudio describe un factor de forma flexible y las consideraciones para su implementación para diferentes especies. Se utilizó el método Smalian para determinar los volúmenes reales de 2198 árboles de Eucalyptus spp. Se estimó el factor de forma artificial y el factor de forma flexible de Silva, Borders y Brister cuyas constantes de proporcionalidad se determinaron con funciones de densidad de probabilidad. El factor de forma artificial estimado a 0.53 tuvo estimaciones de volumen poco precisas y sesgadas, mientras que el flexible con una constante de 0.55 produjo estimaciones precisas y no sesgadas.

RESUMO A tecnologia social baseia-se em três eixos: a comunidade, o cuidado ambiental e a solidariedade econômica. O páramo é um ecossistema vital para a regulação hídrica pois ele fornece agua para o consumo humano e a realização de atividades económicas. Esse artigo focou-se na identificação das limitações para aplicar os fundamentos da tecnologia social para a proteção do páramo, situado na Sierra central de Equador, sítio onde pode-se observar processos de autogestão, empoeiramento, participação, efetuação de acordos, cooperação e procuração de um bem-estar coletivo. A metodologia é qualitativa, dentro do contexto da análise do discurso. Os resultados mostram que, para ter um acordo grande para a proteção e recuperação do páramo, com todas as comunidades estabelecidas na zona, é necessário vencer limitações relacionadas principalmente à falta de atenção do governo em relação à serviços básicos, planes de gestão de áreas de conservação e estudo de alternativas económicas que permitam que as comunidades possam subsistir nas zonas baixas, e comprometer-se a não estender a fronteira agrícola em direção às zonas altas. Essa informação contribui a fortalecer a gestão de recursos naturais com uma nova perspectiva.

ABSTRACT Social technology is based around three axes: community, environmental protection and economic solidarity. The páramo itself is a vital ecosystem for water regulation as it is the source of water supplies for human consumption and performance of economic activities. This article intends to identify the limitations to apply social technology to the protection of the páramo in the central highlands of Ecuador, where processes of self-management, empowerment, participation, agreement-making, cooperation and pursuit for collective welfare have been observed. The methodology is quantitative within the framework of discourse analysis. The results show that, in order to reach a large agreement for the protection and recovery of the páramo, involving all of the communities settled in the area, it is necessary to overcome limitations mostly related to the lacking attention by the government in regards to basic utilities, management plans for conservation areas and studies for economic alternatives allowing communities to subsist in the lower zones, compromising not to extend their agricultural borders further into the highlands. This information helps strengthen natural resource management from a new perspective.

RESUMEN La tecnología social se fundamenta en tres ejes: la comunidad, el cuidado ambiental y la solidaridad económica. Por su parte, el páramo es un ecosistema vital en la regulación hídrica porque sustenta el suministro de agua para consumo humano y el desarrollo de actividades económicas. Este artículo se centra en identificar las limitaciones para aplicar los fundamentos de la tecnología social en la protección del páramo, ubicado en la Sierra central del Ecuador, lugar donde se observan procesos de autogestión, empoderamiento, participación, logro de acuerdos, cooperación y búsqueda del bienestar colectivo. La metodología es cualitativa, en el marco del análisis del discurso. Los resultados muestran que, para que exista un gran acuerdo de protección y recuperación del páramo, entre todas las comunidades asentadas en esta zona, es necesario vencer limitaciones relacionadas, principalmente, con la falta de atención por parte del gobierno en temas de servicios básicos, planes de manejo para áreas de conservación y estudio de alternativas económicas que permitan a las comunidades subsistir en las zonas bajas y comprometerse a no ampliar la frontera agrícola hacia zonas altas. Esta información contribuye a fortalecer la gestión de recursos naturales desde una nueva perspectiva.

Abstract Over the last decade, the Mexican federal government has published several planning instruments promoting land-use planning and regional development. Various administrative agencies participate in developing these instruments, which suggest a fragmented and disarticulated management. This article examines whether the National Strategy for National Strategy for Spatial Planning (ENOT) 2020-2040, the current operating instrument, restores the steering role in territorial governance to the national State. After a review of the normative tools contained in the Official Journal of the Federation, the findings suggest that the ENOT favours governance based on essential projects. The Mayan Train, the Development Programme for the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, and the Free Zone Programme for the Northern and Southern Borders suggest that another model of territorial governance has emerged in Mexico.

Resumen El Gobierno federal mexicano ha publicado durante la última década distintos instrumentos de planificación para promover el ordenamiento del territorio y desarrollo regional. Su elaboración, a cargo de varias instancias administrativas, revelaría una gestión fragmentada y desarticulada. Este artículo indaga si la Estrategia Nacional de Ordenamiento Territorial (ENOT) 2020-2040, instrumento vigente en esta materia, logra restituirle al Estado mexicano la rectoría en la gobernanza territorial. Luego de una revisión de las herramientas normativas que constan en el Diario Oficial de la Federación, los hallazgos sugieren que la ENOT privilegia una gobernanza basada en proyectos prioritarios. El Tren Maya, el Programa de Desarrollo para el Istmo de Tehuantepec y el Programa Zona Libre de las Fronteras Norte y Sur son indicios de que otro modelo de gobernanza territorial ha surgido en México.

Resumo: Com a crise do petróleo no início da década de 1970, assistiu-se ao princípio do fim dos "anos dourados" do modelo burocrático. Na década seguinte, o modelo já estava amplamente desacreditado; por conseguinte, condições materiais e intelectuais levaram a crer e defender a superioridade do modelo substituto, a Nova Gestão Pública (NGP). No entanto, estudiosos apontam que a NGP não passa de "crenças pré-científicas", e Denhardt e Denhardt (2000) propuseram o modelo do Novo Serviço Público (NSP) que, dentre outros aspetos, visa superar o individualismo e o economicismo subjacente à NGP. No entanto, os pressupostos que fundamentam o NSP propõem o resgate de valores que há décadas são defendidos pelo Ubuntu. Questiona-se: o que é Ubuntu, quais são os pressuposto do Novo Serviço Público e quais são os seus pontos de convergência. Em termos ontológicos, este estudo adopta uma visão subjetivista e, epistemologicamente, ancora-se no pós-colonialismo. Este é um estudo de caso associado à pesquisa qualitativa que tecnicamente alicerçou-se na revisão da literatura e análise de discurso. Concluiu-se que as propostas do Novo Serviço Público convergem com os fundamentos do Ubuntu e que, a despeito de serem epistemologias construídas em lados diferentes das fronteiras, podem dialogar e se complementar. Resumo 1970 assistiuse assistiu anos dourados burocrático seguinte desacreditado conseguinte substituto . (NGP) entanto crenças précientíficas, précientíficas pré científicas , pré-científicas" 2000 (2000 (NSP aspetos Questionase Questiona Questiona-se convergência ontológicos epistemologicamente ancorase ancora póscolonialismo. póscolonialismo pós colonialismo. colonialismo pós-colonialismo alicerçouse alicerçou discurso Concluiuse Concluiu fronteiras complementar 197 (NGP pré-científicas 200 (200 19 20 (20 1 2 (2 (

Resumen: Con la crisis del petróleo de principios de la década del 70, vimos el inicio del fin de los "años dorados" del modelo burocrático, en la década siguiente el modelo ya estaba ampliamente desacreditado hasta el punto del modelo de reemplazo, Nueva Gestión Pública. (NGP), siendo visto como superior. Sin embargo, los académicos señalan que la NGP no es más que "creencias precientíficas" y Denhardt y Denhardt (2000) proponen el nuevo servicio público que, entre otros aspectos, tiene como objetivo superar el individualismo y el economicismo subyacentes a la NGP. Sin embargo, los supuestos del Nuevo Servicio Público se acercan a los que ha defendido Ubuntu. Por tanto, la pregunta es: qué es Ubuntu, cuáles son los presupuestos del nuevo servicio público y cuáles son sus puntos de convergencia. Basado en una metodología que combina una visión subjetivista y una epistemología del poscolonialismo, este estudio de caso de investigación cualitativa se basó técnicamente en la revisión de la literatura y el análisis del discurso. Se concluyó que las propuestas del nuevo servicio público convergen con los cimientos de Ubuntu y que, a pesar de ser epistemologías construidas en distintos lados de las fronteras, pueden dialogar y complementarse. Resumen 70 años dorados burocrático reemplazo Pública NGP, , (NGP) superior embargo creencias precientíficas 2000 (2000 aspectos tanto convergencia poscolonialismo discurso fronteras complementarse 7 (NGP 200 (200 20 (20 2 (2 (

Abstract: With the oil crisis at the beginning of the 70s, we saw the beginning of the end of the "golden years" of the bureaucratic model, in the following decade the model was already largely discredited, therefore, material and intellectual conditions led us to believe in and defend the superiority of the substitute model, New Public Management (NPM). However, scholars point out that NPM is nothing more than "pre-scientific beliefs" and Denhardt and Denhardt (2000) proposed the New Public Service (NPS) model which, among other aspects, aims to overcome the individualism and economism underlying NPM. However, the assumptions that shape the New Public Service propose the rescue of values that have been defended by Ubuntu for decades. The question is: what is Ubuntu, what are the assumptions of the new public service and what are its points of convergence. In ontological terms, this study adopts a subjectivist view and, epistemologically, it is anchored in post-colonialism. This is a case study associated with qualitative research that was technically based on literature review and discourse analysis. It was concluded that the proposals for the new public service converge with the foundations of Ubuntu and that, despite being epistemologies built on different sides of the borders, they can dialogue and complement each other. Abstract 70s s golden years discredited therefore . (NPM) However prescientific pre scientific beliefs 2000 (2000 NPS (NPS which aspects decades convergence terms epistemologically postcolonialism. postcolonialism post colonialism. colonialism post-colonialism analysis borders (NPM 200 (200 20 (20 2 (2 (