Abstract Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention Defi cit Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) are Neurodevelop mental Disorders (ND) that frequently coexist together and have etiological, biological, and clinical factors in common. The comorbidity of both neurodevelopmental disorders is associated with a delay or lack of ASD di agnosis and the development of perceptual, emotional, cognitive and behavioral alterations related to Emotional Dysregulation (ED) is common. When both TN are not diagnosed in childhood, they frequently receive wrong diagnoses at later ages, the most frequent being Border line Personality Disorder (BPD). The clinical presentation of the association of ASD and ADHD, the association with ED, differentiation of BPD, and evaluation and intervention are here analyzed. The comorbidity ASD, ADHD, ED is a more severe disorder associated to polypharmacology and hospital admissions.

Resumen Los Trastornos del Espectro Autista (TEA) y los Tras tornos por Déficit de Atención Hiperactividad (TDAH) son Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo (TN) que coexisten frecuentemente y que tienen factores etiológicos, bio lógicos, clínicos en común. La comorbilidad de ambos TN se asocia a un retraso en el diagnóstico del TEA o un diagnóstico que nunca llegan a recibir y es frecuente el desarrollo de alteraciones perceptivas, emocionales, cognitivas y conductuales relacionadas con la Desregu lación Emocional (DE). Cuando ambos TN no son diag nosticados en infancia, frecuentemente reciben diag nósticos equivocados en edades más tardías, siendo el más frecuente el Trastorno Límite de Personalidad (TLP). Se analiza la presentación clínica de la asociación del TEA y el TDAH, la asociación con DE, diferenciación del TLP y evaluación e intervención. La comorbilidad TEA, TDAH, DE, es un trastorno más severo, asociado a poli farmacología y a ingresos hospi talarios.

Resumen Los rasgos límites de personalidad (TLP) se han visto asociados a violencia en la pareja, con investigaciones centradas especialmente en quienes la ejercen. El objetivo de esta revisión sistemática es analizar esta relación tanto en víctimas como en perpetradores, utilizando 17 artículos científicos publicados entre 2017 y 2021 en distintas bases de datos. Los estudios analizados se centraron mayoritariamente en perpetradores, encontrándose tanto hombres como mujeres igualmente representadas. En cambio, los estudios sobre víctimas atendían por lo general a mujeres. A lo largo de esta revisión, se mencionan distintos factores observados en personas que presentan rasgos TLP y ejercen o son víctimas de violencia de pareja, encontrando particularidades en cada perfil. Este trabajo permite incrementar el conocimiento sobre la relación existente entre TLP y violencia de pareja, fomentando una mayor comprensión que repercuta positivamente en la intervención clínica de esta población.

Abstract Borderline personality (BPD) features and intimate partner violence (IPV) have been seen associated, focusing the research specially into perpetrators. The achievement of this systematic review is to analyze this relation in both victims and perpetrators, using 17 scientific articles published between 2017 and 2021 from different data bases. Most studies were focused on perpetrators, in which both men and women were equally represented as perpetrators. Instead, studies about victims were focused on women. Throughout this review, different factors observed in people with BPD traits who are victims or perpetrators of IPV are mentioned, finding particularities in each profile. These findings allow increase knowledge about the relationship between BPD and IPV, promoting a greater understanding that impacts positively on clinical intervention in this population.

ABSTRACT Violence against children is a very important concern in the public health system. Filicide is a deliberate act of a mother or father killing his own child. The aim of this study is to describe a case of filicide associated with the presence of borderline personality disorder, discussing the evaluation of criminal imputability related to this case, using the biopsychological criterion. Child protection measures should be actively offered when parents have stress and lack of emotional balance while needing to care for children.

RESUMEN La violencia contra los niños es una preocupación muy importante en el sistema de salud pública. El filicidio es un acto deliberado de una madre o un padre que mata a su propio hijo. El objetivo de este estudio es describir un caso de filicidio asociado a la presencia del Trastorno Límite de la Personalidad (TLP), analizando la evaluación de la imputabilidad criminal relacionada con este caso, utilizando el criterio biopsicológico. Medidas de protección a los niños deben ser ofrecidas de forma activa cuando los padres tienen estrés y falta de equilibrio emocional, y al mismo tiempo deben cuidar a los niños.

BACKGROUND: The researcher's previous study indicated that couples in a relationship where one partner is diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) experience intra- and inter-personal difficulties affecting interaction with self and others. Therefore, constructive intra- and inter-personal relationships are essential to facilitate the mental health of couples in a relationship where one partner is diagnosed with BPD. However, the concept has not been defined and applied in caring for such couples AIM: The study aims to clarify its meaning by identifying and defining the central concept of 'facilitation of constructive intra- and inter-personal relationships' SETTING: The researcher used results from a previous study that explored the experiences of couples in a relationship where one partner is diagnosed with a mental illness to identify and define the central concept METHODS: The concept was examined using analysis, synthesis, and inductive reasoning strategies, which were applied in two phases RESULTS: The central concept of 'facilitation of constructive intra- and inter-personal relationships' for couples where one partner is diagnosed with BPD was identified and defined using a dictionary and subject definitions CONCLUSION: Identifying and defining the central concept is essential to developing a model to facilitate constructive intra- and inter-personal relationships CONTRIBUTION: The concept 'facilitation of constructive intra- and inter-personal relationships' is unique in its form and valuable for developing a model that can be used as a guiding tool for psychiatric nurses to facilitate the mental health of such couples. Furthermore, the model could benefit other relationships experiencing intra- and inter-personal challenges

BACKGROUND: Childhood adversities and adult trauma are common among female inmates. Associations have been documented with childhood adversities and mental illness, personality disorders, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and violent offending. However, no such study had been conducted in South Africa (SA), despite the high prevalence of HIV and trauma in SA. AIM: To measure the prevalence of childhood adversities and adult trauma; and to determine if there is a relationship between childhood adversities, mental illness, personality disorders, HIV and violent offending among female inmates. SETTING: The study was conducted at the largest correctional centre in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study randomly recruited 126 female inmates. The World Health Organization's Adverse Childhood Experiences- International Questionnaire (WHO ACE-IQ) was used to measure childhood adversities; the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostics and Statistical Manual-5 Research Version (SCID 5-RV) was used to diagnose mental illness; and a structured questionnaire was used to measure adult trauma. Human immunodeficiency virus data was confirmed from prison medical records RESULTS: Elevated rates of individual childhood adversities and adult trauma were found. Associations were found between cumulative childhood adversities and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), alcohol use disorder, substance use disorder, borderline personality disorder, and HIV. CONCLUSION: Female inmates are a highly traumatised population. Prison mental health services should provide trauma-informed and trauma-focussed care to improve inmates' mental health outcomes and decrease recidivism. CONTRIBUTION: This study contributes to the emerging literature on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and their associations among incarcerated female populations, in a low- and middle-income, South African setting.

Abstract Objective Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a serious and extremely prevalent mental disorder. Early diagnosis is vital for treatment. However, there are no specific screening instruments validated for Brazilian Portuguese. This study aimed to adapt the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD) to the Brazilian context. The MSI-BPD is a self-report instrument based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5), that enables fast and reliable assessment of BPD, with measures of sensitivity (SN) and specificity (SP) similar to the diagnostic interview for the DSM-5 (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-V Axis II Disorders [SCID-II]), taken as the gold standard. Methods Two independent translations, a synthesis version, back-translation, and analysis by experts were employed to create the final version of the instrument in Brazilian Portuguese. The translated instrument was administered to 1,702 adults aged 18-59 years to verify evidence of validity relating to content, internal structure, relationship with other variables, and reliability. Results The exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses show that the one-factor structure is adequate. The scale showed satisfactory internal consistency (Kuder-Richardson coefficient [KR-20] of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.691) and good test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.802). Logistic regression analysis using the Personality Inventory for the DSM-5-Brief Form (PID-5-BF) (DSM-5) as reference established an ideal cut-off point of eight symptoms, with adequate SN (0.79) and SP (0.75), similar to the original instrument. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.830 (95% confidence interval: 0.802-0.858), with a positive predictive value of 89.2%. Conclusion The Brazilian version of the MSI-BPD has adequate psychometric properties for use as a BPD screening tool by clinicians. (BPD treatment However Portuguese MSIBPD MSI (MSI-BPD context selfreport self report th DSM5, DSM5 DSM 5 , (SN (SP DSM- Structured DSMV V SCIDII, SCIDII SCID [SCID-II]) standard translations backtranslation, backtranslation back translation, translation back-translation 1702 1 702 1,70 1859 18 59 18-5 content variables onefactor one KuderRichardson Kuder Richardson KR20 KR 20 [KR-20 Cronbachs Cronbach s 0.691 0691 0 691 testretest test retest intraclass ICC [ICC 0.802. 0802 0.802 . 802 0.802) DSM5Brief DSMBrief Brief PID5BF PIDBF PID BF (PID-5-BF (DSM-5 cutoff cut off symptoms 0.79 079 79 (0.79 0.75, 075 0.75 75 (0.75) AUC (AUC 0830 830 0.83 95% 95 (95 interval 0.8020.858, 08020858 0.858 858 0.802-0.858) 892 89 2 89.2% clinicians [SCID-II] 170 70 1,7 185 18- KR2 [KR-2 0.69 069 69 080 0.80 80 (DSM- 0.7 07 7 (0.7 (0.75 083 83 0.8 9 (9 8020 0.8020.858 0802085 0858 0.85 85 0.802-0.858 8 89.2 [SCID-II 17 1, [KR- 0.6 06 6 08 (DSM 0. (0. ( 0.8020.85 080208 085 0.802-0.85 89. [KR (0 0.8020.8 08020 0.802-0.8 0.8020. 0.802-0. 0.8020 0.802-0 0.802-

Abstract The Family Connections Program is an alternative for improving family relationships, depressive symptoms and overwhelmed feelings in family members of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Twenty family members of individuals diagnosed with BPD participated in the study. The effect of the program was evaluated on the family members and, indirectly, on the respective relatives with BPD. Quality of life, psychopathological symptoms, emotional dysregulation, burden, depressive, anxiety and stress symptoms, quality of family relationship and family resilience were applied pre and post-intervention and three months after the ending of the program. As a significant result, there was a reduction in objective burden (p = 0.006) in family members who participated in the program and improvement in family resilience according to diagnosed relatives (p = 0.041). It was concluded that although the program was effective for the study participants in some aspects, it is necessary a cultural adaptation of the protocol. relationships . (BPD) indirectly life dysregulation postintervention post intervention result p 0.006 0006 0 006 0.041. 0041 0.041 041 0.041) aspects protocol (BPD 0.00 000 00 004 0.04 04 0.0 0.

Resumo O Programa Family Connections é uma alternativa para a melhora das relações familiares, dos sintomas depressivos e da sensação de sobrecarga em familiares de indivíduos com Transtorno de Personalidade Borderline (TPB). Participaram do estudo 20 familiares de indivíduos com TPB. O efeito do programa foi avaliado sobre os familiares e, indiretamente, sobre os respectivos parentes com TPB. Qualidade de vida, sintomas psicopatológicos, desregulação emocional, sobrecarga, sintomas depressivos, de ansiedade e de estresse, qualidade da relação familiar e resiliência familiar foram aplicados pré e pós-intervenção e três meses após o término do programa. Como resultado significativo, notou-se redução da sobrecarga objetiva (p = 0,006) nos familiares que participaram do programa e melhora na resiliência familiar segundo os parentes diagnosticados (p = 0,041). Concluiu-se que, apesar de o programa ter sido efetivo para os participantes do estudo em alguns aspectos, faz-se necessária uma adaptação cultural do protocolo. TPB . (TPB) 2 indiretamente vida psicopatológicos emocional estresse pósintervenção pós intervenção significativo notouse notou se p 0,006 0006 0 006 0,041. 0041 0,041 041 0,041) Concluiuse Concluiu aspectos fazse faz protocolo (TPB 0,00 000 00 004 0,04 04 0,0 0,

Resumen El Programa Family Connections es una alternativa para mejorar relaciones familiares, los síntomas depresivos y la sensación de sobrecarga en familiares de individuos con trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). Participaron en el estudio 21 familiares de personas diagnosticadas con TLP. Se evaluó el efecto del programa en los familiares y, indirectamente, en los respectivos familiares con TLP. La calidad de vida, los síntomas psicopatológicos, la desregulación emocional, la sobrecarga, los síntomas depresivos, de ansiedad y de estrés, la calidad de la relación familiar y la resiliencia familiar fueron evaluados antes y después de la intervención, y tres meses después de finalizado el programa. Como resultado significativo, hubo una reducción en la sobrecarga objetiva (p = 0,006) en los familiares que participaron en el programa y una mejora en la resiliencia familiar según los familiares diagnosticados (p = 0,041). Se concluyó que, aunque el programa fue efectivo en algunos aspectos, se necesita una adaptación cultural del protocolo. TLP . (TLP) 2 indirectamente vida psicopatológicos emocional estrés intervención significativo p 0,006 0006 0 006 0,041. 0041 0,041 041 0,041) aspectos protocolo (TLP 0,00 000 00 004 0,04 04 0,0 0,

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the content of the literature regarding the relationship between childhood trauma and the diagnosis of BPD in adulthood, in order to understand the specificities of the etiological bases of BPD. Material and Methods This is an integrative review where a search was carried out in PubMed, SciELO and Lilacs databases, using the descriptors “TRAUMA INFANTIL E TRANSTORNO DA PERSONALIDADE BORDERLINE” and “CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER”. Full articles published from 2011 to 2021 in scientific journals in Portuguese, Spanish and English that portrayed the relationship between childhood trauma and the diagnosis of BPD were included. Articles without an explicit methodological description of the BPD sample definition through validated scales and/or based on the DSM criteria and review studies were excluded. Results 423 articles were identified, and, after screening, 23 eligible articles remained. 65.2% of the works included were cross-sectional studies and 34.8% were case-control studies. All studies addressed sexual abuse, and most of them also addressed physical abuse (95.6%), emotional abuse (86.9%), emotional neglect (82.6%) and physical neglect (78.2%). All the works showed an association between traumatic experiences in childhood and the diagnosis of BPD. Conclusions Childhood trauma can be seen as a risk factor for the diagnosis of BPD, as well as being associated with greater severity of symptoms and worse prognosis. adulthood PubMed databases CHILDHOOD DISORDER. DISORDER . DISORDER” 201 202 Portuguese andor or excluded 42 identified screening 2 remained 652 65 65.2 crosssectional cross sectional 348 34 8 34.8 casecontrol case control 95.6%, 956 95.6% , 95 6 (95.6%) 86.9%, 869 86.9% 86 9 (86.9%) 82.6% 826 82 (82.6% 78.2%. 782 78.2% 78 (78.2%) prognosis 20 4 65. 3 34. 95.6 (95.6% 86.9 (86.9% 82.6 (82.6 78.2 7 (78.2% 95. (95.6 86. (86.9 82. (82. 78. (78.2 (95. (86. (82 (78. (95 (86 (8 (78 (9 ( (7

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar o conteúdo da produção de literatura no que diz respeito a relação entre trauma infantil e o diagnóstico de TPB na vida adulta, a fim de compreender as especificidades das bases etiológicas do TPB. Material e Métodos Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa onde realizou-se uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, SciELO e Lilacs, utilizando os descritores “TRAUMA INFANTIL E TRANSTORNO DA PERSONALIDADE BORDERLINE” e “CHILDHOOD TRAUMA AND BORDERLINE PERSONALITY DISORDER”. Foram incluídos os artigos completos publicados de 2011 a 2021 em jornais científicos, em língua portuguesa, espanhola e inglesa que retratavam a relação entre trauma infantil e o diagnóstico do TPB. Foram excluídos os artigos sem descrição metodológica explícita de definição da amostra TPB através de escalas validadas e/ou a partir dos critérios do DSM e os estudos de revisão. Resultados Foram identificados 423 artigos, e, após uma triagem, restaram 23 artigos elegíveis. 65,2% das obras incluídas foram estudos transversais e 34,8% estudos caso-controle. Todos os trabalhos abordaram abuso sexual, e, a maioria deles também abordou abuso físico (95,6%), abuso emocional (86,9%), negligência emocional (82,6%) e negligência física (78,2%). Todas as obras evidenciaram associação entre vivências traumáticas na infância e o diagnóstico de TPB. Conclusões O trauma infantil pode ser encarado como fator de risco para o diagnóstico de TPB, assim como associa-se com maior gravidade dos sintomas e pior prognóstico. adulta Tratase Trata se realizouse realizou PubMed Lilacs CHILDHOOD DISORDER. DISORDER . DISORDER” 201 202 científicos portuguesa eou ou 42 triagem 2 elegíveis 652 65 65,2 348 34 8 34,8 casocontrole. casocontrole caso controle. controle caso-controle sexual 95,6%, 956 95,6% , 95 6 (95,6%) 86,9%, 869 86,9% 86 9 (86,9%) 82,6% 826 82 (82,6% 78,2%. 782 78,2% 78 (78,2%) associase associa prognóstico 20 4 65, 3 34, 95,6 (95,6% 86,9 (86,9% 82,6 (82,6 78,2 7 (78,2% 95, (95,6 86, (86,9 82, (82, 78, (78,2 (95, (86, (82 (78, (95 (86 (8 (78 (9 ( (7

RESUMEN Tras la inclusión en la CIE-11 del diagnóstico de trastorno por estrés postraumático complejo (TEPTc) en 2020, se han sucedido las publicaciones que debaten sobre la pertinencia o no de tal entidad y sobre su distinción del trastorno límite de la personalidad (TLP). En el presente artículo de reflexión se persigue: 1. conocer si el TEPTc y el TLP son entidades distintas; 2. conocer el estado de la cuestión respecto a este tema; y 3. proponer un diagnóstico diferencial que ayude a su discriminación. Para dar cuenta de las dos primeras cuestiones, se ha realizado una revisión bibliográfica (no sistemática) de tipo cualitativo entre los años 2020 y 2022 (tiempo de vigencia del TEPTc en la CIE-11). En función de la información teórica y empírica hallada, y cumpliendo con el tercer objetivo, se propone un diagnóstico diferencial con el fin de arrojar luz a la distinción nosológica entre ambos constructos.

ABSTRACT Following the inclusion in the ICD-11 of the diagnosis of complex post-traumatic stress disorder (c-PTSD) in 2020, there has been a succession of publications debating the relevance or lack thereof of this entity and regarding its distinction from borderline personality disorder (BPD). The present reflection article aims to: 1. understand whether c-PTSD and BPD are different entities; 2. understand the state of the art regarding this issue; and 3. propose a differential diagnosis that will help to distinguish between the two. To account for the first two questions, a qualitative (non-systematic) literature review was carried out between 2020 and 2022 (the period of validity of c-PTSD in the ICD-11). Based on the theoretical and empirical information found, and achieving the third objective, a differential diagnosis is proposed in order to shed light on the nosological distinction between the two constructs.

Abstract: Background. There are few studies linking personality and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adolescents. Research objective: to study differences between cases with ADHD and the general population in personality prototypes (PRP) derived from the Millon Clinical Inventory for Adolescents (MACI). Material and Method. Analytical observational design. Random sampling in the general population (n = 461) and consecutive of patients with ADHD evaluated according to DSM-5 criteria (n = 85), in adolescents between 13 and 17 years old. Measurement instruments: MACI and Adolescent Symptom Inventory. Results: ADHD presents a significantly higher mean in Doleful, Forceful, Unruly, Oppositional, Self-demeaning and Borderline PRP and the general population in Submissive and Conforming PRP. The PRP model that best predicts ADHD includes male sex and the Forceful, Borderline, Submissive and Self-demeaning PRP. The model classifies 82.4% of the cases. Conclusion. ADHD cases have differential PRP in comparison with the general population, which invites their clinical study and therapeutic intervention. The study offers a novel image of PRP in ADHD and opens new lines of research that include personality when explaining the heterogeneity of the disorder.

Resumen: Antecedentes. Existen pocos estudios que relacionen personalidad y trastorno por déficit de atención con hiperactividad (TDAH) en adolescentes. Objetivo: estudiar diferencias entre casos con TDAH y población general en prototipos de personalidad (PRP) derivados del Inventario clínico para adolescentes de Millon (MACI). Material y Método: Diseño observacional analítico. Muestreo aleatorio en población general (n = 461) y consecutivo de pacientes con TDAH valorados según criterios DSM-5 (n = 85), en adolescentes entre 13 y 17 años. Instrumentos de medida: MACI y Adolescent Symptom Inventory. Resultados: los PRP Pesimista, Rudo, Rebelde, Oposicionista, Autopunitivo y Límite presentan una media significativamente mayor en TDAH y los PRP Sumiso y Conformista, en población general. El modelo de PRP que mejor prediceTDAH está conformado por tener sexo masculino y los PRP Rudo, Límite, Sumiso y Autopunitivo, clasificando el 82.4% de los casos. Conclusión: Los casos de TDAH tienen PRP diferenciales con la población general que invitan a su estudio clínico e intervención terapéutica. El estudio ofrece una imagen novedosa de los PRP en casos de TDAH y abre nuevos caminos de investigación que incluyan la personalidad al explicar la heterogeneidad del trastorno.

Abstract: Institutions dedicated to the care of serious mental illness (SMI) have admission criteria that determine the users who are admitted. A thorough analysis of the patients may reveal the existence of different clinical profiles with diverse therapeutic needs. In order to determine the existence of different clinical profiles in the UCPP of the Centro San Juan de Dios de Ciempozuelos (CSJD), a cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out, finding five clinical typologies by applying a two-stage cluster analysis. 413 people with SMI, admitted in different devices of the Prolonged Psychiatric Care Unit (according to their autonomy and needs), with a mean age of 53.78 years (95.4% males and 4.4% females) and high levels of institutionalization (mean 13.06 years), took part in the study. The main diagnosis found was residual schizophrenia (38.3%; n= 158), followed by paranoid schizophrenia (26.6%; n= 110). There was also a significant number of personality disorders (35 cases). The five typologies of users were named according to their most salient characteristics: Rehab (R), Rehab Behav (RB), Young Care (YC), Old Care (OC) and Young Behav (YB). A discussion on the implications of the determination of these profiles for a better use of existing resources is held. In addition, different alternatives for particularly difficult cases of SMI, such as borderline personality disorder, are proposed.

Resumen: El acceso de los usuarios con trastorno mental grave (TMG) a los dispositivos sociosanitarios viene determinado por unos criterios preestablecidos que pueden estar opacando la existencia de perfiles clínicos con diferentes necesidades terapéuticas. En esta línea, desde el Centro San Juan de Dios de Ciempozuelos (CSJD), se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal en el que se han encontrado cinco tipologías clínicas mediante la aplicación de un análisis de conglomerados en dos fases. En el estudio participaron 413 personas con TMG ingresadas en diferentes dispositivos de la Unidad de Cuidados Psiquiátricos Prolongados -UCPP- del CSJD (en función de su autonomía y necesidades) y que presentaban una media de edad de 53.78 años (95.4% varones y 4.4% mujeres) y altos niveles de institucionalización (media de 13.06 años). El diagnóstico principal encontrado fue el de esquizofrenia residual (38.3%; n= 158), seguido de esquizofrenia paranoide (26.6%; n= 110). También había un número significativo de trastornos de la personalidad (35 casos). Las cinco tipologías de usuarios se denominaron en función de sus características más destacadas: Rehab (R), Rehab Behav (RB), Young Care (YC), Old Care (OC) y Young Behav (YB). En función de estos resultados se debate la idoneidad de los recursos existentes a la par que se proponen alternativas que maximicen la efectividad de los mismos en relación a casos de TMG complejos, como los de trastorno límite de la personalidad.

ABSTRACT Objective: To map the scientific evidence regarding non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorder in adolescents from community or clinical samples in the international context. Introduction: Non-suicidal self-harm corresponds to an important field of research in the suicide spectrum; however, there are diverse perspectives for its conceptualization. The literature widely points out the comorbidity between non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorder. Methods: Scoping review based on the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The Ovid, Science Direct, Proquest, Virtual Health Library and Web of Science databases were used. The search was carried out in sources published from 2011 to November 2021 in Spanish, English and Portuguese languages. Results: The final sample consisted of 12 extracted articles that met the inclusion criteria. Four categories were found: longitudinal course of non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorders in adolescents, neuronal-physiological markers of non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorders in adolescents, and psychosocial risks associated with non-suicidal self-harm and borderline disorders. of personality. Conclusions: More interdisciplinary studies are required in the field of non-suicidal self-harm and borderline personality disorders in adolescents. The need to study the longitudinal course, neuronal-physiological markers and psychosocial risks is evident to improve the specificity of interventions in clinical samples.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Mapear la evidencia científica respecto de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastorno límite de la personalidad en adolescentes de muestras comunitarias o clínicas en el contexto internacional. Introducción: Las autolesiones no suicidas corresponden a un importante campo de investigación en el espectro de suicidio, no obstante, son diversas las perspectivas para su conceptualización. La literatura señala ampliamente la comorbilidad entre las autolesiones no suicidas y el trastorno límite de la personalidad. Métodos: Scoping review basada en la metodología propuesta por el Joanna Briggs Institute. Se utilizaron las bases de datos Ovid, Science Direct, Proquest, Biblioteca Virtual de Salud y Web of Science. La búsqueda fue realizada en fuentes publicadas del 2011 hasta noviembre de 2021 en idiomas español, inglés y portugués. Resultados: La muestra final estuvo conformada por 12 artículos extraídos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Se encontraron cuatro categorías: curso longitudinal de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad en adolescentes, marcadores neuronales-fisiológicos de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad en adolescentes y riesgos psicosociales asociados a las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad. Conclusiones: Se requieren más estudios interdisciplinares en el campo de las autolesiones no suicidas y trastornos límite de la personalidad en adolescentes. Se evidencia la necesidad de estudiar el curso longitudinal, marcadores neuronales-fisiológicos y riesgos psicosociales para mejorar la especificad de las intervenciones en muestras clínicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that severely affects a person's ability to control his or her emotions. Objective: to characterize aspects related to borderline personality disorder. Methods: a literature review was conducted using the descriptive documentary review methodology through the Google Scholar search engine and the Scielo, PubMed, Scopus databases including articles published between 2019 and 2024 using a total of 16 referential articles. Results: borderline personality disorder significantly affects psychosocial functioning regardless of gender or the person's environment. Clinical features include mood swings, dysregulation, impulsivity, anger, repeated self-injury and suicidal tendencies, as well as inner emptiness and fear of abandonment, is related to depression. BPD is a common psychiatric disorder and a complex psychiatric illness, patients who received treatments showed comparable improvements in the severity of the disorder. Conclusions: borderline personality disorder is a mental illness that severely affects a person's ability to control their emotions, it is common and complex nowadays, it affects men more. There is a relationship between psychosis and neurosis in this disorder, it can produce subtle distortions, especially under stressful conditions.

RESUMEN Introducción: el trastorno límite de la personalidad es una enfermedad mental que afecta gravemente la capacidad de una persona para controlar sus emociones Objetivo: caracterizar aspectos relacionados con el trastorno límite de la personalidad. Métodos: se realizó una revisión de la literatura utilizando la metodología de revisión documental descriptiva a través del motor de búsqueda Google Académico y las bases de datos de Scielo, PubMed, Scopus incluyendo artículos publicados entre los años 2019 y 2024 utilizándose un total de 16 artículos referenciales. Resultados: el trastorno límite de la personalidad afecta significativamente el funcionamiento psicosocial independientemente del género o el entorno de la persona. Las características clínicas incluyen cambios de humor, desregulación, impulsividad, ira, autolesiones repetidas y tendencias suicidas, así como vacío interior y miedo al abandono, tiene relación con la depresión. El TLP es un trastorno psiquiátrico común y una enfermedad psiquiátrica compleja, los pacientes que recibieron tratamientos mostraron mejoras comparables en la gravedad del trastorno. Conclusiones: el trastorno límite de la personalidad es una enfermedad mental que afecta gravemente la capacidad de una persona para controlar sus emociones, es común y compleja en la actualidad, afecta más a los hombres. Existe una relación entre psicosis y neurosis en este trastorno, puede producir distorsiones sutiles, especialmente bajo condiciones estresantes.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is a severe psychiatric condition that affects up to 2.7% of the population and is highly linked to functional impairment and suicide. Despite its severity, there is a lack of knowledge about its pathophysiology. Studies show genetic influence and childhood violence as factors that may contribute to the development of BPD; however, the involvement of neuroinflammation in BPD remains poorly investigated. This article aimed to explore the pathophysiology of BPD according to the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), inflammatory cytokines, and oxidative stress substances that exacerbate neuronal damage. Few articles have been published on this theme. They show that patients with BPD have a lower level of BDNF and a higher level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 in peripheral blood, associated with increased plasma levels of oxidative stress markers, such as malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. Therefore, more research on the topic is needed, mainly with a pre-clinical and clinical focus. (BPD 27 2 7 2.7 suicide severity however investigated brainderived brain derived BDNF, , (BDNF) cytokines damage theme TNFα TNF α IL6 IL 6 (IL)- blood markers 8hydroxy2deoxyguanosine. 8hydroxy2deoxyguanosine hydroxydeoxyguanosine 8 hydroxy deoxyguanosine. deoxyguanosine 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine Therefore needed preclinical pre focus 2. (BDNF (IL) (IL

Resumo Objetivo: Publicações de outrora utilizaram um dos principais fenômenos da cultura pop, Star Wars, para ensinar diversas questões sobre psiquiatria, demonstrando que usar os filmes da série para ensinar tais assuntos pode facilitar a compreensão de temas desafiadores. O objetivo deste artigo é aprofundar as questões do diagnóstico diferencial de dois transtornos psiquiátricos. Métodos: Nós examinamos e comparamos as especificidades do transtorno de personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar à luz do personagem fictício dos filmes Star Wars, o vilão Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. Resultados e Conclusão: As considerações sobre o diagnóstico de Darth Vader devem ser interpretadas como um exercício acadêmico com dois objetivos principais: discutir o diagnóstico diferencial entre transtorno de personalidade borderline e transtorno bipolar de forma ilustrativa, suave e lúdica; e ensinar como relacionar os comportamentos com critérios diagnósticos, neste caso, especificamente relacionados ao transtorno de personalidade borderline. Objetivo pop Wars psiquiatria desafiadores psiquiátricos Métodos VaderAnakin Anakin Skywalker Conclusão ilustrativa lúdica diagnósticos caso

Abstract Objective: Previous publications have focused on a leading pop culture phenomenon, Star Wars, to teach several issues in psychiatry, which can make understanding challenging themes easier. This article delves into matters of differential diagnoses regarding two psychiatric disorders. Methods: We examine and compare the symptoms and specificities of borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder in the light of the fictional villain of the films, Darth Vader/Anakin Skywalker. Results and Conclusion: Our considerations of his diagnosis should be interpreted as an academic exercise with two main goals: to discuss the differential diagnosis between borderline personality disorder and bipolar disorder in an illustrative, soft, and ludic way; and to teach how to connect one’s behaviors with diagnostic criteria - in this case, those related to borderline personality disorder. Objective phenomenon Wars psychiatry easier disorders Methods films VaderAnakin Vader Anakin Skywalker Conclusion goals illustrative soft way ones one s case