BACKGROUND. Many studies have shown that South African women tend to initiate antenatal care late in their pregnancies. This presents challenges in the provision of quality healthcare to both mother and child. There are several studies on the social and cultural reasons for late booking. However, understanding the factors in a woman's choice to initiate antenatal care is important in informing healthcare strategies and policies. METHODS. This study was an analytical cross-sectional study of household and general health factors associated with attendance of antenatal care by pregnant women in Tshwane in 2015. It was a secondary data analysis from complete data sampling households registered on AitaHealth™. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to assess which factors are associated with antenatal care attendance. RESULTS. The age of the head of the household was a significant factor in the attendance of antenatal care. The odds of attending antenatal care were 3.3, 2.1 and 1.8 times higher in households where the head of the household was 30 - 39 years of age, 20 - 29 or 40-49 years of age, respectively, than when between 10-19 years of age. Factors that increased the odds of attending antenatal care were living in households that had electricity and piped water, and running a business from home. Residing in a permanent dwelling and being food secure increased the odds of antenatal care attendance. CONCLUSION. The identified health and household factors should inform policies and programmes geared towards improving services around antenatal care provision.

Resumo Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a sustentabilidade nos hotéis de 5 estrelas do Algarve, determinando como é que comunicam o seu comportamento sustentável nos seus websites, quais são as práticas mais adotadas e os principais motivadores/obstáculos. Foram analisados os websites e motores de reserva dos hotéis. E um questionário foi usado para recolher informações sobre as suas práticas sustentáveis. É possível perceber um pouco de comunicação sustentável nos sites desses hotéis. Essa percentagem é superior no motor Booking.com, um canal mais competitivo. As principais áreas de intervenção são a gestão de energia, gestão de água/resíduos e responsabilidade social. A maioria das práticas implementadas são as menos dispendiosas. E os principais impulsionadores são a responsabilidade ambiental, visão estratégica e ganho de eficiência. Embora o principal obstáculo referido seja o custo do investimento, a falta de pessoal qualificado e questões técnicas são outros constrangimentos. A dimensão “mais fraca” da tríade da sustentabilidade é a social (com resultados menores). E a mais limitante para se avançar na área é a económica, pela perceção de custos associados. O crescimento de novos negócios e empregos na área, bem como o uso de um relatório padronizado e de certificação, poderá superar os entraves.

Abstract This work aims to analyze sustainability in 5-star hotels in Algarve, determining how they communicate their sustainable behavior on their websites, what are the most adopted practices and the main motivators/obstacles. Hotel websites and booking engines were analyzed. And a questionnaire was used to gather information about their sustainable practices. It is possible to notice a bit of sustainable communication on the sites of these hotels. This percentage is higher in the Booking.com engine, a more competitive channel. The main areas of intervention are energy management, water/waste management and social responsibility. Most of the implemented practices are the least expensive. And the main drivers are environmental responsibility, strategic vision and efficiency gains. Although the main obstacle referred to is the investment cost, the lack of qualified personnel and technical issues are other constraints. The “weakest” dimension of the sustainability triad is social (with lower results). And the most limiting to develop the area is the economic one, due to the perception of associated costs. The growth of new businesses and jobs in the area, as well as the use of standardized reporting and certification, could overcome the barriers.

BACKGROUND. Congenital syphilis should by now be a medical rarity. However, there has been a recent global resurgence despite preventive measures and effective treatment. This has significant impact on the health system, with existing data on the burden of congenital syphilis and preventable factors coming mainly from developed countries. OBJECTIVES. To describe maternal and newborn demographic characteristics of newborns admitted with symptomatic congenital syphilis, their spectrum of disease, as well as outline their clinical outcomes and identify modifiable factors that led to the development of the syphilis infection. METHODS. A retrospective chart review of 46 mothers and their 47 newborns admitted to the nursery at Prince Mshiyeni Memorial Hospital, eThekwini, South Africa between January 2018 and March 2021 with symptomatic congenital syphilis. RESULTS. Of the 47 symptomatic newborns, 12 (26%) died - 50% of them within 24 hours of birth. Factors associated with death were hydrops fetalis, seizures, low APGAR scores and the need for resuscitation at birth. Hepatosplenomegaly, the characteristic rash and pallor were the 3 most common presenting signs. The average length of stay was 19.7 days. Nineteen neonates required admission to ICU for invasive ventilation (40%). Thirteen babies (28%) required non-invasive ventilation. Fourteen newborns (30%) required inotropic support. Red cell transfusion was required in 26 newborns (55%) and platelet transfusion in 4 (9%). Most mothers accessed antenatal care (83%), with 71% testing negative for syphilis at booking. Inadequate treatment of the partner, untreated and inadequately treated maternal syphilis, lack of follow-up testing plans with absent repeat testing at 32 - 34 weeks' gestation were the main modifiable factors. CONCLUSION. Despite good antenatal attendance and early maternal syphilis testing, 47 newborns were admitted to a regional nursery in KZN with congenital syphilis over a period of 39 months. This study highlighted the burden of disease in the neonatal population as reflected by the need for intensive care, a prolonged hospital stay and predictors of mortality. The health system failures are related to maternal testing, treatment and tracing. Strengthening of existing programmes together with novel measures such as extended re-testing protocols and mass treatment of sexually active adults need to be explored to curb the rise of congenital syphilis.

RESUMEN Se aborda la proyección futura de las agencias de viajes presenciales considerando la perspectiva de usuarios de agencias online y presenciales. Los objetivos consistieron en averiguar si las agencias presenciales están tecnológicamente preparadas para atender las solicitudes de los consumidores online, averiguar la valoración de la experiencia que los consumidores de agencias de viajes otorgan al canal virtual y al presencial y determinar el futuro de las agencias presenciales en España. Revisada la literatura se desarrolló una metodología cuantitativa aplicando un cuestionario a consumidores de agencias de viajes que en 2019 hubiesen comprado en una agencia de España al menos un producto y/o servicio. Analizadas las 879 respuestas obtenidas con IBM SPSS se concluye que las agencias presenciales deberían considerar todos los canales de venta existentes para no verse desplazadas; desarrollando estrategias omnicanal. Respecto a la valoración de la experiencia de compra; el trato cercano, el asesoramiento y la comodidad y seguridad que las agencias presenciales brindan resultan decisivos, sin considerar el coste económico. Pese a que la agencia virtual es el canal de reservas más empleado; las agencias de viajes presenciales tienen proyección futura, si implementan tecnología para especializarse y permanecer próximas a los nuevos perfiles de consumidores.

ABSTRACT The future projection of brick-and-mortar travel agencies is addressed based on the perspective of both online and traditional travel agency users. The study aimed to investigate if traditional agencies are technologically prepared to meet the requests of online consumers, finding out how travel agency consumers value their shopping experience both for the virtual and face-to-face channels and to determine the future of traditional agencies in Spain. After the literature review, a quantitative survey was conducted, and 879 survey forms were collected from travel agency consumers who during 2019 had purchased at least one product and/or service using a travel agency in Spain. After performing statistical data analysis using IBM SPSS; it is concluded that brick-and-mortar agencies should consider all existing sales channels so as not to be displaced and should develop omnichannel strategies. Regarding the evaluation of the consumer's shopping experience; the personalized treatment, the advice and the degree of comfort and security that traditional agencies provide are decisive; without considering the economic cost. Although OTA booking has become the most used booking channel; brick-and-mortar travel agencies have a future projection if they implement technology, specializing in niche markets to meet new consumer profiles.

BACKGROUND: Maternal death is a tragic event. Of maternal deaths worldwide, 99% occur in low- and middle-income countries. Perinatal outcome is related to maternal wellbeing. Maternal death has a negative impact on fetal and neonatal outcome in the short and long term OBJECTIVES: To determine the perinatal outcomes of pregnancies that ended in a maternal death at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital (CHBAH), Johannesburg, South Africa, over a 5-year period, to describe the causes of maternal death, and to determine the stillbirth rate (SBR) and early neonatal death (ENND) rate in this population METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study of maternal deaths in women with a viable pregnancy from January 2014 to June 2019 at CHBAH. All maternal deaths with gestation >26 weeks or fetal weight >500 g were included in the study. Information on demographics, booking status, antenatal care, pregnancy outcome, and fetal and neonatal outcome was extracted from maternal and neonatal files RESULTS: Of a total of 183 maternal deaths during the study period, 147 were included in the study. The institutional maternal mortality ratio was 135 deaths per 100 000 live births. Hypertension was the main direct cause of death (36.5%; n=27/74), followed by pregnancy-related sepsis (27.4%; n=21/74) and obstetric haemorrhage (20.6%; n=15/74). Non-pregnancy-related infections, of which 91.4% were HIV and HIV-related complications, comprised 47.9% (n=35/73) of indirect causes of death, followed by medical and surgical disorders. Of a total of 151 babies, including two sets of twins and one set of triplets, 137 were delivered and 14 were undelivered at the time of maternal death. Ninety-one babies (61.9%) were born alive and 51 (34.6%) were stillbirths. Of the 91 liveborn infants, 6 (6.5%) had an ENND. Of the 51 stillbirths, 14 (27.5%) were undelivered and 11 (21.6%) were delivered by perimortem caesarean section. The SBR was 347 per 1 000 maternal deaths and the ENND rate 66 per 1 000 live births. The perinatal mortality rate (PMR) was 388 per 1 000 maternal deaths, which is 12 times higher than the PMR per 1 000 live births for the general population CONCLUSION: Women who experience maternal death have babies with very poor perinatal outcomes, with a very high SBR, ENND rate and PMR. The health of the mother has a direct and significant effect on fetal and neonatal outcomes

Resumo O Airbnb é um dos negócios de crescimento mais rápido na economia partilhada. Neste mercado online, os anfitriões podem listar seus quartos extras, apartamentos ou casas como acomodações para os hóspedes do Airbnb em troca de dinheiro. Como os clientes tendem a ser cuidadosos ao reservar a casa de um estranho, a confiança é um dos elementos mais importantes do Airbnb. Uma forma concreta de estabelecer confiança é a revelação de dados pessoais. Este estudo explorou como o Airbnb, e os seus utilizadores, com um modelo sobre revelação de dados pessoais em descrições pessoais que pode ser usado para aumentar a intenção de reserva. Foi realizada uma pesquisa experimental online com duas condições (revelação de dados pessoais implícita versus explícita do anfitrião). Participaram 129 participantes holandeses e 71 participantes chineses. Contrariando as nossas expectativas, a linguagem implícita na revelação de dados pessoais pelo anfitrião do Airbnb resultou em mais confiança do que a linguagem explícita. Os hóspedes do Airbnb dos Países Baixos apresentaram maior intenção de reserva e mais confiança no anfitrião do Airbnb após lerem uma revelação de dados pessoais implícita em comparação com os hóspedes da China. Essas diferenças culturais desapareceram com o perfil explícito de revelação de dados pessoais.

Abstract Airbnb is one of the fastest-growing businesses within the sharing economy. In this online marketplace, hosts can list their spare rooms, apartments, or houses as accommodation for Airbnb guests in return for money. Since customers tend to be careful when booking a stranger's house, trust is one of the most important elements of Airbnb. One concrete way of establishing trust is self-disclosure. This study explored online marketplaces such as Airbnb and their users with a framework on how self-disclosure in personal descriptions can be used to increase booking intention. An online experimental survey with two conditions was conducted (implicit vs. explicit host self-disclosure). There were 129 Dutch participants and 71 Chinese participants from China. Contrary to our expectations, implicit language in self-disclosure by the Airbnb host led to more trust than explicit language. Airbnb guests from the Netherlands had higher booking intentions and more trust in the Airbnb host after reading an implicit self-disclosure compared to guests from China. These cultural differences disappeared with the explicit self-disclosure profile.

Resumo Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar a influência das práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais no desempenho dos hotéis. Originalidade/valor: O setor hoteleiro está passando por algumas transformações gerenciais por causa da inserção das mídias sociais como plataformas de comunicação que envolvem os clientes. Diante disso, verificar se as mídias sociais podem colaborar nos recursos internos e ajudar no desempenho das empresas tem sido uma fonte potencial de estudos. Design/metodologia/abordagem: A amostra do estudo apresentou 67 hotéis. Para isso, foram realizadas entrevistas presenciais com gestores hoteleiros a fim de coletar os dados de seus respectivos hotéis. Coletaram-se dados sobre a utilização de práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais e sobre medidas de desempenho mensuradas por meio do RevPAR (divisão das receitas pelo total de quartos disponíveis) e das notas de avaliação on-line do site Booking.com. A partir de uma abordagem quantitativa, aplicaram-se as técnicas de análise fatorial exploratória e análise de regressão múltipla para avaliar as hipóteses do estudo. Resultados: Evidenciaram-se que as práticas de gerenciamento de mídias sociais podem ser categorizadas na dimensão de práticas de monitoramento e de resposta aos comentários, e na dimensão de práticas de responsividade e disseminação de informações. A utilização dessas práticas influencia positivamente no desempenho hoteleiro medido por meio de notas de avaliação on-line e nas receitas medidas por meio do RevPAR. Diante dos resultados, espera-se que os hotéis tenham vantagens competitivas ao gerenciarem seus recursos com a ajuda das mídias sociais e que estudos nesse setor ganhem mais visibilidade. Objetivo Originalidade/valor Originalidadevalor Originalidade valor clientes disso Design/metodologia/abordagem Designmetodologiaabordagem Design metodologia 6 isso Coletaramse Coletaram divisão disponíveis online on line Bookingcom Booking Booking.com quantitativa aplicaramse aplicaram Resultados Evidenciaramse Evidenciaram comentários informações resultados esperase espera visibilidade

Abstract Purpose: This paper aims to examine the influence of social media management practices on hotel performance. Originality/value: The hotel industry is undergoing organizational transformations due to the insertion of social media as a communication platform that engages customers. Given this, verifying whether social media can collaborate on internal resources and help the companies’ performance has been a potential source of studies. Design/methodology/approach: The study sample comprised 67 hotels. To this end, hotel managers conducted face-to-face interviews to collect data from their respective hotels. Data were collected using social media management practices and performance measures measured through RevPAR (a revenue division by total rooms available) and online review scores from Booking.com. Exploratory factor analysis and multiple regression analysis were applied to evaluate the study’s hypotheses from a quantitative approach. Findings: It was evidenced that social media management practices can be categorized into monitoring and comment responsing practices and the dimension of responsiveness and information dissemination practices. These practices positively influence hotel performance measured through online review scores and revenue measured through RevPAR. Given the results, it is expected that hotels will have competitive advantages by managing their resources with the help of social media and that studies in this sector will gain more visibility. Purpose Originality/value Originalityvalue Originality value customers companies Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach 6 end facetoface face available Bookingcom Booking com Booking.com studys s Findings results visibility

Resumen El caso relata el dilema al que se enfrentó Marcel Gewerc, cofundador y director ejecutivo de Trinks.com, una empresa que ofrecía una solución digital para facilitar la gestión interna de los salones de belleza y permitir la reserva de servicios en línea. Ante las oportunidades y amenazas de dentro y fuera de la industria de la belleza, Marcel evaluaba alternativas para apalancar su negocio. El caso fue desarrollado para estimular discusiones sobre envolvimiento principalmente en disciplinas de Estrategia en cursos de posgrado lato sensu y stricto sensu en Administración de Empresas, pero también fue probado con gran éxito en clases de graduación. Se espera que, al final de la discusión del caso, los estudiantes sean capaces de lograr los siguientes objetivos de aprendizaje: (a) comprender el modelo de negocio de plataforma (b) comprender la naturaleza exponencial de las plataformas digitales; (c) comprender el concepto de ecosistema empresarial; (d) comprender el concepto de adyacencia de las plataformas digitales y (e) comprender las estrategias de envolvimiento. Gewerc Trinkscom Trinks com Trinks.com línea Empresas graduación aprendizaje a (a b (b c (c empresarial d (d e (e

Resumo O caso relata o dilema enfrentado por Marcel Gewerc, cofundador e CEO da Trinks.com, empresa que oferecia uma solução digital para facilitar a gestão interna dos salões de beleza e permitir o agendamento on-line dos serviços. Diante de oportunidades e ameaças vindas de dentro e de fora da indústria da beleza, Marcel avaliava alternativas para alavancar seu negócio. O caso foi desenvolvido para estimular discussões sobre envelopamento, principalmente em disciplinas de Estratégia em cursos lato sensu e stricto sensu de pós-graduação em Administração, mas também foi testado com bastante sucesso em turmas de graduação. Espera-se que, ao final da discussão do caso, os alunos possam alcançar os seguintes objetivos de aprendizagem: (a) entender o modelo de negócio de plataforma (b) compreender a exponencialidade das plataformas digitais; (c) entender o conceito de ecossistema de negócio; (d) compreender o conceito de adjacência de plataformas digitais; (e) entender as estratégias de envelopamento. Gewerc Trinkscom Trinks Trinks.com online on line serviços envelopamento pósgraduação pós graduação Administração Esperase Espera se aprendizagem (a b (b digitais c (c d (d (e

Abstract The case shows the dilemma faced by Marcel Gewerc, co-founder and CEO of Trinks.com, a company that offered a digital solution to facilitate the management of beauty salons and allow online booking of services. Faced with opportunities and threats from inside and outside the beauty industry, Marcel was evaluating alternatives to leverage his business. The case has been developed to stimulate discussions about envelopment mainly in Strategy disciplines in lato sensu and stricto sensu postgraduate courses in Business Administration, but it has also been tested with great success in undergraduate classes. It is expected that, at the end of the case discussion, students will be able to achieve the following learning objectives: (a) understand the platform business model (b) understand the exponential nature of digital platforms; (c) understand the business ecosystem concept; (d) understand the concept of adjacency of digital platforms; (e) understand envelopment strategies. Gewerc cofounder co founder Trinkscom Trinks com Trinks.com services industry Administration classes discussion objectives (a b (b platforms c (c d (d e (e strategies

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Considering the COVID-19 outbreak as the first post-digital era pandemic, the influence of tourism marketing on the travel motivation of the contemporary tourist may invariably be susceptible to the crisis-induced subjective safety perceptions of tourists. A discernible gap exists in empirical evidence of the paradigm shift in tourist behaviour due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study explores the influence of South Africa's marketing profile on the intrinsic travel motives of domestic tourists as mediated by the perceived safety of travel and tourism activities during the pandemic DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A cross-sectional deductive study was conducted. Data were generated via a novel self-administered online survey conducted by iFeedback. Data from the final valid sample of 427 domestic tourists were analysed primarily utilising exploratory and confirmatory factor, as well as mediation analyses FINDINGS: The empirical evidence extends the behavioural economic theory within tourism marketing by establishing a positive partial mediating effect of safety perceptions in the domestic destination marketing-travel motives nexus during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also corroborate the value of information symmetry via various marketing and non-marketing media in mitigating risk perceptions and promoting the safety of travel and tourism activities in South Africa RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: Key recommendations emanating from the study include maximising marketing spending on an integrated, multi-channel marketing strategy - prioritising mass crisis communications and recovery-oriented marketing while promoting a tourism value proposition that instils trust and confidence in the tourist that domestic travel and tourism activity is safe. To promote domestic tourism, it is also recommended that tourism practitioners develop bespoke domestic tourism products that innovate contact services, such as booking and check-in procedures, to adhere to contemporary health and safety protocols beyond the era of COVID-19 MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study's findings have significant managerial implications for tourism marketing. First, there is a need to repair or re-imagine the image of South Africa as a domestic tourism destination. Second, there is an urgent need to socially re-engineer tourist behaviour via social marketing-oriented crisis and post-crisis communications. These managerial interventions will mitigate the perceived risk associated with domestic travel and tourism and safeguard tourists from the actual health-related risk JEL CLASSIFICATION: M31, D91, Z33, Z38

Resumo: Os eventos adversos são uma constante no mundo, desde tempos remotos, incluindo desastres ambientais, crises diplomáticas, guerras civis e humanitárias, epidemias entre outros. Quando estes ocorrem, um dos segmentos econômicos mais afetados é o turismo. Seus impactos podem repercutir em uma escala multilateral, com sérios prejuízos. Ao final do ano 2019, o mundo se deparou com a pandemia da covid-19, propiciando efeitos globais catastróficos. Diante disso, a gestão de crise emerge como um conjunto de estratégias de controle e recuperação derivado de circunstâncias como essas. Sendo assim, a pesquisa investigou quais foram as principais estratégias adotadas pelos meios de hospedagem do município de Torres (Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil), durante o período pan dêmico, na tentativa de reduzir os efeitos adversos econômicos. Aplicou-se uma entrevista estruturada com 19 dirigentes de meios de hospedagem, em agosto de 2021, tendo como principais variáveis: estratégias para contenção da crise, adaptação aos protocolos de segurança sanitária e medidas prospectivas para a estabilidade do empreendimento. Adotou-se o gerenciamento de dados da plataforma google forms para tabulação dos dados. Os resultados apontaram impactos negativos no setor, como queda drástica na demanda, dificuldades econômicas e cancelamen tos de reservas. As estratégias de enfrentamento mais recorrentes foram a gestão de marketing e a retenção de gastos. Evidenciou-se que, no geral, as empresas não implementam planos de gestão de crise e, quase sempre, atuam de forma reativa a elas.

Abstract: Unfortunately, adverse events are constant in the world, such as, envi ronmental disasters, diplomatic crises, civil and humanitarian wars. Con sequently, tourism is one of the most affected economic segments. Its economic impacts can have repercussions on a multilateral scale, with serious losses might be applied. By the end of 2019, the world was faced with the COVID-19 pandemic, providing catastrophic global effects. In this scenario, crisis management appears as a set of control and recovery strategies derived from these conditions. Then, the aim of this study was to investigate what were the main strategies adopted by the lodging facilities in the municipality of Torres (Rio Grande do Sul - Brazil) during the pandemic period, to reduce economic impacts. A structured inter view was applied with 19 managers of lodging facilities in August 2021, having as main variables: strategies to contain the crisis, adaptation to health safety protocols and prospective measures for the stability of the enterprise. The data management of the google forms platform was adopted for data tabulation. The results showed negative impacts, such as a drastic drop in demand, economic difficulties, as well as numerous booking cancellations. The most recurrent strategies were marketing management and reduction of spending costs. It was evidenced that, in general, companies did not implement crisis management plans and, almost always, they acted in a reactive way.

Resumen: Los eventos adversos son una constante en el mundo, desde tiempos remotos, incluyendo desastres ambientales, crisis diplomáticas, guerras civiles y humanitarias, epidemias entre otros. Cuando estos ocurren, uno de los segmentos económicos más afectados es el turismo. Sus impactos económicos pueden tener repercusiones a escala multilateral, con graves perjuicios. A finales de 2019, el mundo se enfrentó a la pandemia de COVID-19, propiciando efectos globales catastróficos. Ante eso, la gestión de crisis surge como un conjunto de estrategias de control y recuperación derivadas de estas circunstancias. La encuesta investigó cuáles fueron las principales estrategias adoptadas por los establecimientos de hospedaje del municipio de Torres (Rio Grande do Sul - Brasil), durante el período de la pandemia, en un intento de reducir los efectos económicos adversos. Se aplicó una entrevista estructurada a 19 gerentes de establecimientos de hospedaje en agosto de 2021, teniendo como principales variables: estrategias para contener la crisis, adecuación a protocolos de seguridad sanitaria y medidas prospectivas para la estabilidad del emprendimiento. Se adoptó la gestión de datos de la plataforma de formularios de Google para la tabulación de datos. Los resultados mostraron impactos negati vos en el sector, como una drástica caída de la demanda, dificultades económicas, y cancelaciones de reservas. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más recurrentes fueron la gestión de marketing y la retención de gastos. Se evidenció que, en general, las empresas no implementan planes de manejo de crisis y, casi siempre, actúan de forma reactiva a ellas.

ABSTRACT The article is devoted to the substantiation of the prospects for the development of the hotel services market in the Moscow region in the conditions of digitalization. It has been established that hospitality has recently turned from a fundamental concept of human civilization into a powerful industry that unites enterprises that provide various services for entertaining, accommodating, and servicing guests. It has been determined that the trends in the development of the hospitality industry in the Moscow region are the computerization of the hotel sector, the development of economy class hotels, improvement of the technical equipment of hotel enterprises, strengthening cooperation between hotel enterprises, and authorities. It has been revealed that booking modules are widely used in the practice of hotels in the Moscow region. However, this requires hotels to solve certain organizational tasks, including the collection and adequate use of information about the consumer, analysis of the features of communication with customers, as well as the development of staff education.

RESUMEN El artículo está dedicado a la justificación de las perspectivas de desarrollo del mercado de servicios hoteleros en la región de Moscú en las condiciones de digitalización. Se ha establecido que la hospitalidad ha pasado recientemente de un concepto fundamental de la civilización humana a una industria poderosa que une empresas que brindan diversos servicios para entretener, acomodar y atender a los huéspedes. Se ha determinado que las tendencias en el desarrollo de la industria hotelera en la región de Moscú son la informatización del sector hotelero, el desarrollo de hoteles de clase económica, la mejora del equipo técnico de las empresas hoteleras, el fortalecimiento de la cooperación entre las empresas hoteleras y las autoridades. . Se ha revelado que los módulos de reserva se utilizan ampliamente en la práctica de los hoteles en la región de Moscú. Sin embargo, esto requiere que los hoteles resuelvan ciertas tareas organizativas, incluida la recopilación y el uso adecuado de la información sobre el consumidor, el análisis de las características de la comunicación con los clientes, así como el desarrollo de la educación del personal.

BACKGROUND: Although South Africa has an overall mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV rate <5%, case rates remain highOBJECTIVES: To identify population-level predictors of MTCT to inform targeted interventions to further reduce paediatric HIV incidenceMETHODS: The study was an ecological analysis of routine laboratory HIV-related test data from a synthetic cohort of women of reproductive age living with HIV (WRLHIV), identified from the National Health Laboratory Services Corporate Data Warehouse between 2016 and 2017. Criteria based on syphilis screening and timing of HIV-related tests were used to identify pregnant and non-pregnant WRLHIV. Pregnant WRLHIV were followed from cohort entry at the first antenatal care (fANC) visit, through delivery to exit at the latest viral load (VL) or 15 months post delivery. Follow-up for non-pregnant WRLHIV started at cohort entry on 1 January 2016 to exit at the latest VL or 31 December 2018. HIV VL tests performed at cohort entry, delivery and cohort exit described viraemia (VL >50 copies/mL) at subdistrict level. A negative binomial regression model determined the association between MTCT cases and the number of viraemic WRLHIV at different time points, controlling for number of WRLHIV aged <25 years at cohort entry and other routine HIV-related indicators at subdistrict levelRESULTS: Of 3 386 507 WRLHIV identified, 178 319 (5.3%) met criteria for pregnancy. Median (interquartile range (IQR)) proportions of women with fANC booking <20 weeks' gestation, maternal HIV seroprevalence during antenatal care (ANC) and antiretroviral therapy (ART) coverage during ANC were 68.2% (62.9 - 72.8), 31.5% (23.4 - 35.7) and 94.8% (89.7 - 97.8), respectively. Viraemia was consistently higher in pregnant v. non-pregnant WRLHIV at median proportions of 42.9% (38.3 - 59.3) v. 35.0% (25.9 - 49.0) at cohort entry (p<0.001) and 36.3% (25.0 - 48.4) v. 29.6% (21.0 - 42.6) at cohort exit (p<0.001). In total, 4 535 children aged <24 months tested HIV polymerase chain reaction-positive, representing a median subdistrict-level case rate of 1 372 (914 - 2 077) per 100 000 live births. Maternal viraemia postpartum, maternal HIV seroprevalence and ART coverage during ANC positively correlated with cases of MTCT, while higher proportions of women with fANC booking <20 weeks' gestation were associated with a decline in MTCT casesCONCLUSIONS: Findings suggest that maternal viraemia postpartum, geographical areas with a higher burden of maternal HIV, women initiating ART late in pregnancy and/or incident maternal HIV during pregnancy are significant population-level predictors of MTCT in the national prevention of MTCT programme. Scale-up of HIV prevention services is required to lower maternal HIV prevalence, while expanded access to HIV testing will fast-track ART initiation among WRLHIV. Increased VL monitoring is critical to improve VL suppression rates for elimination of MTCT

RESUMO: As relações de consumo estão passando por mudanças devido ao surgimento de novas plataformas digitais. Isso afetou vários setores da economia, incluindo hotelaria e turismo. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o quão sensíveis são os consumidores de serviços de hospedagem em relação aos preços praticados por hotéis, pousadas e afins online. Além disso, avaliou-se o electronic word-of-mouth eletrônico (eWOM) e sua relação com os possíveis riscos percebidos pelos consumidores durante a aquisição desses serviços virtualmente. Para tanto, adotou-se uma abordagem de pesquisa quantitativa, de natureza descritiva e corte transversal único. A amostra foi composta por 210 indivíduos, selecionados a partir da técnica de snowball-sampling e entrevistados por meio de survey digital. Estes foram divididos em dois subgrupos: a) dos expostos a comentários positivos e b) dos expostos a comentários negativos. Os resultados mostraram que ambos os grupos demonstram preocupação quanto ao risco de privacidade/segurança ao efetivar uma reserva de hospedagem online, ficando claro que a opinião de outros consumidores tende a ser levada em consideração pelos entrevistados no intuito de reduzir (ou mesmo anular) as possíveis consequências negativas de uma má escolha. Por fim, constatou-se, ainda, que comentários deixados na internet podem impactar no grau de sensibilidade dos consumidores à variação de preços dos meios de hospedagem.

ABSTRACT: Consumer relations are undergoing changes due to the emergence of new digital platforms. This affected several sectors of the economy, including hotels facilities and tourism. Therefore, this study aimed to verify how sensitive consumers of hosting services are in relation to the prices charged by hotels, inns and similar online.. In addition, electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and its relationship with the possible risks perceived by consumers during the purchase of these services virtually were evaluated. Therefore, a quantitative research approach was adopted, with a descriptive nature and unique cross-section. The sample consisted of 210 individuals, selected using the snowball-sampling technique and interviewed through a digital survey. These were divided into two subgroups: a) those exposed to positive comments and b) those exposed to negative comments. The results showed that both groups are concerned about the risk of privacy/security when booking online accommodation, making it clear that the opinion of other consumers tends to be taken into account by respondents in order to reduce (or even cancel) the possible negative consequences of a bad choice. Finally, it was also found that comments left on the internet can impact the degree of sensitivity of consumers to the variation in prices of accommodation facilities.

RESUMEN: Las relaciones con los consumidores están experimentando cambios debido a la aparición de nuevas plataformas digitales. Esto afectó a varios sectores de la economía, incluidos los hoteles y el turismo. Por tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo comprobar qué tan sensibles son los consumidores de servicios de hosting en relación a los precios que cobran los hoteles, posadas y similares online. Además, se evaluó el boca a boca electrónico (eWOM) y su relación con los posibles riesgos percibidos por los consumidores durante la compra de estos servicios de forma virtual. Por lo tanto, se adoptó un enfoque de investigación cuantitativa, de carácter descriptivo y transversal único. La muestra estuvo conformada por 210 individuos, seleccionados mediante la técnica de muestreo de bola de nieve y entrevistados a través de una encuesta digital. Estos se dividieron en dos subgrupos: a) los expuestos a comentarios positivos yb) los expuestos a comentarios negativos. Los resultados mostraron que ambos grupos están preocupados por el riesgo de privacidad / seguridad a la hora de reservar alojamiento online, dejando claro que la opinión de otros consumidores tiende a ser tenida en cuenta por los encuestados con el fin de reducir (o incluso cancelar) las posibles consecuencias negativas. de una mala elección. Finalmente, también se encontró que los comentarios que se dejan en Internet pueden impactar el grado de sensibilidad de los consumidores a la variación en los precios de los medios de alojamiento.

Resumen Es un hecho conocido que las tarifas que cobran los alojamientos varían entre sí. Uno de los motivos es que los alojamientos difieren en atributos. Estos atributos incluyen no solo la calidad de la habitación, sino también el acceso a varias instalaciones compartidas, la cali-dad del servicio y la evaluación que hacen los consumidores. El enfoque de precios hedóni-cos permite estimar la disposición a pagar por las características del producto (alojamientos). Este enfoque establece que el precio de un producto puede considerarse como una función de los diversos atributos que tienen un precio implícito y pueden determinarse por separado. Teniendo en cuenta esta metodología y utilizando datos de dos sitios web turísticos, Booking y Airbnb, el objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la influencia de una variedad de atributos sobre las tarifas cobradas por alojamientos en la Provincia de Buenos Aires (PBA) y la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. (CABA). Los resultados sugieren que la disposición a pagar en PBA por atributos más tradicionales (calefacción, aire acondicionado, etc.) es menor que la de especí-ficos (deportes, spa, etc.). En CABA y PBA, se debe prestar atención a los atributos subjetivos ya que también tienen un impacto significativo en el precio. sí habitación compartidas cali dad consumidores hedónicos hedóni cos alojamientos. . (alojamientos) separado turísticos Airbnb (PBA CABA. (CABA) calefacción, calefacción (calefacción acondicionado etc. etc específicos especí ficos deportes, deportes (deportes spa etc.. (alojamientos (CABA

Abstract It is a well-known fact that the price per night that people must pay for accommodation varies greatly from one another. Several attributes determine the room rates that accommodations charge. These attributes include not only room quality but also access to various shared facili-ties, service quality, and the evaluation that consumers do regarding their stay. In this sense, the hedonic price technique has been used to estimate willingness to pay for product charac-teristics. This approach states that the price of a product can be considered as an additive function of the various attributes that have an implicit utility and price and can be determined separately. Considering this methodology and using data from two tourist websites, Booking and Airbnb, the aim of this paper is to study the influence of a variety of attributes on the room rates charged for accommodations in Buenos Aires Province (PBA) and the City of Bue-nos Aires (CABA). The results suggest a change in the willingness to pay in PBA from more traditional attributes (heating, air conditioning, etc.) to more specific ones (sports, spa, etc.). In CABA and PBA, attention should be paid to subjective attributes since they also have a signifi-cant impact on the price. wellknown well known another charge facilities, facilities facili ties, ties facili-ties stay sense characteristics. characteristics charac teristics. teristics charac-teristics separately websites Airbnb (PBA Bue nos CABA. . (CABA) heating, heating (heating conditioning etc. etc sports, sports (sports spa etc.. significant signifi cant (CABA

Resumo É sabido que as tarifas cobradas pelas acomodações variam entre si. Um dos motivos é que as acomodações diferem em atributos. Estes atributos incluem não só a qualidade do quarto, mas também o acesso às várias instalações partilhadas, a qualidade do serviço e a avaliação que os consumidores fazem. A abordagem de preços hedônicos permite estimar a disposição a pagar pelas características do produto (acomodação). Essa abordagem afirma que o preço de um produto pode ser considerado como uma função dos diversos atributos que possuem um preço implícito e podem ser determinados separadamente. Tendo em conta esta metodologia e utilizando dados de dois websites de turismo, Booking e Airbnb, o objetivo deste documento é estudar a influência de uma variedade de atributos nas tarifas cobradas pelo alojamento na Província de Buenos Aires (PBA) e na Cidade de Buenos Aires (CABA). Os resultados sugerem que a vontade de pagar em PBA por atributos mais tradicionais (aquecimento, ar condicionado, etc.) é menor do que por atributos específicos (instalações esportivas, spa, etc.). Em CABA e em PBA, deve ser dada atenção aos atributos subjetivos, uma vez que estes também têm um impacto significativo no preço. si quarto partilhadas fazem acomodação. acomodação . (acomodação) separadamente turismo Airbnb (PBA CABA. (CABA) aquecimento, aquecimento (aquecimento condicionado etc. etc esportivas spa etc.. subjetivos (acomodação (CABA

BACKGROUND: Missed appointments for medicine pick-ups are regarded as a predictor of poor adherence, and should trigger immediate questions about issues that may affect follow-up visits to healthcare settings. OBJECTIVES: The study explored and described professional nurses' perspectives about the factors that contribute to missing appointments by people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (PLWHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Mopani and Vhembe district in Limpopo Province. METHOD: A qualitative explorative contextual approach was used for the study. Non-probability, purposive sampling was used to select 14 professional nurses who met the inclusion criteria. Data were collected through face-to-face unstructured interviews. One central question was asked and probing questions were based on the participants' responses to the central question. Thematic analysis of the findings was carried out. Trustworthiness was ensured through intercoder agreement, audio recording, triangulation, bracketing, and member checking. Required permission, approval, and ethical clearance were also ensured. RESULTS: Organisational health system and management of the healthcare facility were found to be the barriers that negatively impacted on the ability of the PLWHIV on ART to maintain clinic visits appointments. Lack of patient involvement, stereotyped appointment dates selection, poor patient-provider relationships, errors of recording appointment dates and long waiting times came up as sub-themes derived from the main theme. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that there is a need to increase and improve mutual trust in patient-provider relationships, improve nurses working conditions, develop proper booking systems and reduce clinic waiting hours.