Resumen Introducción. Existe una gran preocupación humana por la resistencia a los antibióticos debido a su uso inadecuado como promotores del crecimiento en la cría de animales. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de altos niveles de zinc como sustituto del antibiótico en lechones destetados. Material y métodos. El estudio se realizó de junio a agosto de 2022 en la provincia de Chiriquí, Panamá. El periodo experimental estuvo compuesto por tres fases con 14 días por fase. Los cerdos destetados (n= 54) fueron asignados a uno de tres tratamientos con seis repeticiones por tratamiento y tres cerdos por repetición. Los tratamientos fueron: 1) dieta control, formulada para suplir los requerimientos nutricionales para cerdos destetados; 2) similar al tratamiento 1, más 200 mg de amoxicilina/kg de alimento y 40 mg de florfenicol/kg de alimento durante la fase 1 (P1) y fase 2 (P2), respectivamente; y 3) similar al tratamiento 1, más 2000 ppm y 1600 ppm de zinc durante P1 y P2, respectivamente. En la fase 3 (P3), todos los cerdos fueron alimentados con una dieta común. Resultados. La suplementación con zinc mejoró la ganancia de peso en todas las fases. Los cerdos alimentados con zinc tuvieron mejor relación F:G en P2 en comparación a los cerdos suplementados con antibiótico (p < 0.05). Se encontró una mayor concentración de hemoglobina y porcentaje de monocitos en cerdos alimentados con zinc que en los otros tratamientos (p < 0.05). Los cerdos alimentados con antibiótico o la dieta control tuvieron un menor porcentaje de materia seca fecal en comparación a los suplementados con zinc (p < 0.05). Conclusión. La suplementación de altos niveles de zinc ejerció mejoras, en comparación al antibiótico, en cuanto a la concentración de hemoglobina, incidencia de diarrea y ganancia de peso en cerdos durante los 42 días posteriores al destete.

Abstract Introduction. There is a great human concern about antibiotics resistance due to their inappropriate use as growth promoters in animal husbandry. Objective. To evaluate the effect of a high level of zinc as a substitute to antibiotics in nursery pigs. Material and methods. The study was carried out from June to August 2022 in the province of Chiriqui, Panama. The experimental period was composed of three phases with 14 days per phase. The nursery pigs (n= 54) were distributed to one of three treatments with six replicates per treatment and three pigs per replicate. The treatments were: 1) control diet, which was formulated to meet the nutritional requirements for nursery pigs; 2) similar to treatment 1, plus 200 mg of amoxicillin/kg of feed and 40 mg of florfenicol/kg of feed during phase 1 (P1) and phase 2 (P2), respectively; and 3) similar to treatment 1, plus 2000 ppm and 1600 ppm of zinc during P1 and P2, respectively. In phase 3 (P3), all pigs were fed a common diet. Results. The supplementation of zinc improved the average daily gain in all phases. Pigs fed zinc diet had better F:G ratio in P2 compared to pigs fed antibiotic diet (p < 0.05). A higher concentration of hemoglobin and percentage of monocytes was found in pigs fed with higher level of zinc than the other treatments (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Pigs fed the antibiotic, or the control diet had a lower percentage of fecal dry matter compared to those supplemented with zinc. (p < 0.05). Conclusion. The supplementation of high levels of zinc exerted improvements, in comparison to the antibiotic, in terms of hemoglobin concentration, incidence of diarrhea and weight gain in pigs during 42 days after weaning.

ABSTRACT: The invasive chinese slug Meghimatiumpictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) is originally from Asia, and it has been introduced in Latin American countries like Argentina and Brazil, where it is considered a critical horticultural pest. This species also became an intermediate host for the nematode AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera&Cespedes, 1971(Strongylida: Metastrongylidae), which can cause abdominal angiostrongyliasis in humans when ingested molluscs or their mucus containing larvae released on fruit and vegetables. This research aimed to investigate the biological parameters of the life cycle of M. pictum and evaluate its food preference to understand the species’ behavior and provide information on the choice of safer pest management and control methods. We observed that 68 and 75% of the grouped and isolated slugs, respectively, survived 26 weeks (180 days) under laboratory conditions. In addition, the individuals kept isolated had higher body mass (2.8 ± 0.6 g), length (3.3 ± 0.8 cm), and width (0.37 ± 0.3 cm) than grouped specimens. We also found that M. pictum has indeterminate growth and an annual reproductive cycle. Concerning food preference, slugs better accepted lettuce at different developmental stages (neonate, juvenile, and adult). Our study presents the first description of the M. pictum life cycle. We concluded that M. pictum has undefined biological parameters, which hampers its laboratory rearing. However, we also demonstrate its potential as a pest for different horticultural crops, which will require the development of management strategies. ABSTRACT Stoliczka, Stoliczka (Stoliczka 1873 Stylommathophora (Stylommathophora Philomycidae Asia Brazil AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMoreraCespedes AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera Cespedes AngiostrongyluscostaricensisMorera&Cespedes 1971Strongylida Strongylida 1971 1971(Strongylida Metastrongylidae, Metastrongylidae , Metastrongylidae) vegetables M methods 6 75 respectively 2 180 (18 days conditions addition 2.8 28 8 (2. 06 0 0. g, g g) 3.3 33 3 (3. 08 cm, cm 0.37 037 37 (0.3 03 specimens neonate, neonate (neonate juvenile adult. adult . adult) rearing However crops strategies 187 197 7 18 (1 2. (2 3. (3 (0. 19 1 ( (0

RESUMO: A lesma invasora Meghimatium pictum (Stoliczka, 1873) (Stylommathophora: Philomycidae) é originária da Ásia e foi introduzida em países latino-americanos como Argentina e Brasil, onde é considerada uma praga hortícola severa. Esta espécie também se tornou um hospedeiro intermediário do nematoide Angiostrongylus costaricensis Morera & Céspedes, 1971 (Strongylida: Metastrongylidae), que pode causar a infecção angiostrongilíase abdominal em humanos quando ingerido o molusco ou frutas e vegetais contendo o seu muco contaminado com larvas. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os parâmetros biológicos do ciclo de vida de M. pictum e avaliar sua preferência alimentar para entender o comportamento da espécie e fornecer informações sobre a escolha futura de métodos mais seguros de manejo e controle desta praga. Observamos que 68 e 75% das lesmas agrupadas e isoladas, respectivamente, sobreviveram 26 semanas (180 dias) em condições de laboratório. Além disso, os indivíduos mantidos isolados apresentaram maior massa corporal (2,8 ± 0,6 g), comprimento (3,3 ± 0,8 cm) e largura (0,37 ± 0,3 cm) do que os espécimes agrupados. Também descobrimos que M. pictum tem crescimento indeterminado e ciclo reprodutivo anual. Com relação à preferência alimentar, a alface foi bem aceita pelas lesmas em diferentes estágios de desenvolvimento (recém-nascido, juvenil e adulto). Nosso estudo apresenta a primeira descrição do ciclo de vida de M. pictum. Concluímos que M. pictum possui parâmetros biológicos indefinidos, com ciclo de vida longo o que dificulta sua criação em laboratório. No entanto, também demonstramos seu potencial como praga para diferentes culturas hortícolas, o que exigirá o desenvolvimento de estratégias de manejo. RESUMO Stoliczka, Stoliczka (Stoliczka 1873 Stylommathophora (Stylommathophora Philomycidae latinoamericanos latino americanos Brasil severa Céspedes 197 Strongylida (Strongylida Metastrongylidae, Metastrongylidae , Metastrongylidae) larvas M 6 75 isoladas respectivamente 2 180 (18 dias laboratório disso 2,8 28 8 (2, 06 0 0, g, g g) 3,3 33 3 (3, 08 cm 0,37 037 37 (0,3 03 agrupados anual recémnascido, recémnascido recém nascido, nascido (recém-nascido adulto. adulto . adulto) indefinidos entanto hortícolas 187 19 7 18 (1 2, (2 3, (3 (0, 1 ( (0

ABSTRACT An eight-week feeding trial investigated the effects of fishmeal (FM) replacement by soybean meal (SBM) and poultry by-product meal (PBM) in diets supplemented with two methionine sources (DL-Met and AQUAVI®) and their combinations with ECOBIOL® (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940) on growth performance, body composition, and nutrient metabolism of Penaeus vannamei. Four hundred shrimp (0.30 ± 0.04 g) randomly distributed into 20 tanks (20 shrimp tank-1) were fed with five experimental diets (four repetitions per diet). A control diet (CD; 20% FM) and four diets with 50% FM replacement supplemented with different methionine sources and ECOBIOL® combinations: D1 (0.13% DL-MET), D2 (0.06% AQUAVI®), D3 (0.13% DL-MET plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®), and D4 (0.06% AQUAVI® plus 0.10% ECOBIOL®). Shrimp fed D2 and D4 had better growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition. Shrimp fed D3 also had good growth performance but higher lipid body composition. Shrimp fed D1 had the worst growth performance, nutrient utilization, and body composition values. Nutrient metabolism-related genes were affected by dietary treatments. Protein synthesis-related genes decreased mostly in shrimp fed D1 and D2 while increased mostly in shrimp fed D3 and D4, lipolysis-related genes had a better transcriptional response in shrimp fed D4 and lipogenesis-related genes were mostly downregulated in shrimp fed D2 while were mostly upregulated in shrimp fed D3 and D4. Results suggested that FM could be partially replaced with SBM and PBM in shrimp feeds supplemented with 0.06% AQUAVI® alone or combined with 0.10% ECOBIOL® without adversely affecting the growth and nutrient metabolism of P. vannamei.

Abstract Objectives: To analyze bone mineral content (BMC) and area bone mineral density (aBMD) accrual in adolescent male footballers who started their first football season. Methods: 17 athletes (14.8 ± 0.4 years) were monitored across 15 weeks of football training. Participants were evaluated for somatic maturation (HPHV), BMC, and aBMD at three time points: before (M1) and after (M2) a preparatory phase, and at the end of the competitive phase (M3). BMC and aBMD were measured using DXA scans. Participants were divided into groups according to maturation status (circa-PHV and post-PHV), and the amount of accumulated training load (median split). Results: A significant effect (12.1 g/week, standard error (SE) = 2.6 g/week) was observed for lower limbs BMC across the three time points. There were no significant effects of time for upper limbs BMC. There was a significant effect of time for total body aBMD (0.007, SE = 0.003 g/cm2/week) across the three time points. Adolescents at post-PHV had a significant 245.6 g (SE = 56.1 g) higher BMC compared to adolescents at circa-PHV. No significant effects were observed for the accumulated training load. Conclusion: Systematic football training, even during the growth spurt, has a positive impact on adolescent bone markers despite the accumulated training load and maturation. Objectives (BMC (aBMD season Methods 1 14.8 148 14 8 (14. 04 0 4 0. years HPHV, HPHV , (HPHV) points M1 M (M1 M2 (M2 M3. M3 . (M3) scans circaPHV circa PHV postPHV, postPHV post post-PHV) median split. split split) Results 12.1 121 12 (12. gweek week g/week 26 2 6 2. 0.007, 0007 007 (0.007 0003 003 0.00 g/cm2/week gcm2week gcmweek cm2 cm 2456 245 245. 561 56 56. circaPHV. PHV. circa-PHV Conclusion spurt 14. (14 (HPHV (M (M3 12. (12 0.007 000 00 (0.00 0.0 gcm 24 5 (1 (0.0 ( (0. (0

Abstract Objective: To develop growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and body mass index (BMI)-for-age for both genders aged 2 to 18 years for Brazilian patients with Williams-Beuren Syndrome (WBS). Methods: This is a multicenter, retrospective, and longitudinal study, data were collected from the medical records of boys and girls with a confirmed diagnosis of WBS in three large university centers in the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Growth charts stratified by gender and age in years were developed using LMSchartmaker Pro software. The LMS (Lambda Mu Sigma) method was used to model the charts. The quality of the settings was checked by worm plots. Results: The first Brazilian growth charts for weight-for-age, height-for-age, and BMI-for-age stratified by gender were constructed for WBS patients aged 2 to 18 years. Conclusion: The growth charts developed in this study can help to guide family members and to improve the health care offered by health professionals. Objective weightforage, weightforage weight age, weight-for-age heightforage, heightforage height height-for-age BMIforage BMI 1 WilliamsBeuren Williams Beuren WBS. . (WBS) Methods multicenter retrospective Paulo Brazil software Lambda Sigma plots Results Conclusion professionals (WBS

Abstract Aim: To compare obesity progression and the type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) metabolic control between 2017 and 2019, according to sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) or not therapy, in the T2D population of the Central Administrative Portuguese National Health Service Authority, the ARS do Centro. Methods: Observational retrospective cohort study in 2021 of data by the informatic services of ARS do Centro, after ethics consent: gender, age, year of ICPC2 T90 classification, abdominal perimeter (AP), body mass index (BMI), last glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in 2017 and 2019 and drugs registered in the e.registration official program, the S-Clínico Diabetes. Results: Out of the 127,062 T2DM patients of the ARS do Centro n=16.012 (12.6%) were on SGLT2i in 2017. The mean age was 73.5±10.1 years, the time since ICPC classification was 8.7±4.2 years and 48.8% were males. HbA1C, BMI and AP values between 2017 and 2019 were independent for age and time since diagnosis, |rS| <0.400. Median HbA1c values between the two moments, in the total sample and the subgroups medicated with SGLT2i and per gender were significantly different (p<0.001) values increasing. No difference was observed in the subgroups not SGLT2i treated, either globally (p=0.983) or per gender (M: p=0.932; F: p=0.932). BMI in SGLT2i treated T2DM showed significant negative variation (p<0.001) also observed in nonSGLT2i treated ones (p=0.004). AP values significantly increased in nonSGLT2i T2DM patients (p=0.001) and significantly decreased in the SGLT2i treated ones (p<0.001). Discussion: The efficacy of SGLT2i in clinical assays and its effectiveness in real-world patients must be ascertained. Obesity decrease in BMI or AP can contribute to future T2DM analytics control. Conclusion: SGLT2i significantly decreased BMI and prevented AP increase, compared to non-SGLT2 T2DM patients. HbA1c control, in a 2-year gap, showed no decrease in growth.

Resumo Objetivo: Comparar a progressão da obesidade e do controlo metabólico entre 2017 e 2019, pela terapêutica farmacológica com inibidores da SGLT2 (iSGLT2) em doentes com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DM2) na área da Administração Regional de Saúde do Centro (ARS Centro). Métodos: Estudo observacional de coorte retrospetiva em 2021, segundo dados fornecidos pelos serviços informáticos da ARS Centro, após consentimento ético institucional quanto a sexo, idade, ano de classificação DM2, perímetro abdominal (PA), índice de massa corporal (IMC), última avaliação de HbA1c em 2017 e em 2019 e medicamentos assinalados no programa S-Clínico de diabetes. Resultados: De 127.062 doentes com DM2, 16.012 (12,6%) estavam medicados com iSGLT2, 48,8% do sexo masculino, a idade média de 73,5±10,1 anos e o tempo desde classificação DM2 de 8,7±4,2 anos. Para HbA1C, IMC e PA entre ambos os pontos de análise mostraram-se independentes da idade e do tempo desde o diagnóstico: |rS|<0,400. Verificou-se diferença significativa entre os valores medianos de HbA1c em 2017 e 2019 no total e nos subgrupos medicados com SGLT2i, globalmente e por sexo (p<0,001). Nos não medicados com iSGLT2 não foi observada diferença significativa globalmente (p=0,983) e por sexo (M: p=0,932; F: p=0,932). O IMC em sujeitos sob iSGLT2 reduziu significativamente (p<0,001) como no grupo medicado com outros fármacos (p=0,004). O PA aumentou significativamente no grupo não iSGLT2 (p=0,001) e teve redução significativa no grupo sob SGLT2i (<0,001). Discussão: A eficácia dos iSGLT2 observada em ensaios clínicos deve ser verificada em doentes do mundo real, a efetividade. A redução da obesidade por IMC e por PA pode ser fator de futuro controlo de DM2. Conclusão: A terapêutica com iSGLT2 reduziu significativamente o IMC e o PA em comparação com o grupo controlo. O controlo da DM2 pela HbA1c neste espaço de dois anos não revelou crescimento.

Abstract Objectives Narrative review evaluating the use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents. Data source The terms “dietary supplements”, “children” and “adolescents” were used in combination in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and SciELO databases, between 2000 and 2023, evaluating studies in humans, published in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish. Data synthesis The use of dietary supplements by children and adolescents has increased in recent decades. The most commonly used supplements are vitamins, minerals, trace elements, proteins, amino acids, melatonin, fatty acids, probiotics and energy drinks. Conclusion Despite having specific indications, most of the time they are not prescribed by a healthcare professional. The reasons for use are varied. In children, the main reasons are protection against infections, stimulating growth, and poor food intake, with multivitamins and minerals being the most commonly used supplements. In adolescents, they are used to improve athletic performance and attain the “ideal body”, with proteins and amino acids being the most often used nutrients. As they are not regulated by health agencies and are sold without a prescription, their unsupervised use can lead to inadequate doses, with inefficiency or overdose risk. As for compounding formulations, or when available in preparations with multiple nutrients, the chance of errors increases. It is essential that pediatricians advise parents and patients about the indications, risks and benefits, prescribing them when necessary. supplements, , supplements” “children “adolescents PubMed MEDLINE databases 200 2023 humans Portuguese English Spanish decades vitamins elements melatonin drinks indications professional varied infections growth intake ideal body, body body” nutrients prescription doses risk formulations increases benefits necessary 20 202 2

Abstract Introduction: The endoparasite Dendrogaster argentinensis infects the intertidal brooder sea star Anasterias antarctica. This sea-star species is in the highest trophic level in the Beagle Channel. Objective: To study the effects of parasitism by D. argentinensis on the fitness and reproduction of A. antarctica. Methods: Adults from the brooder sea-star were collected from the rocky intertidal of Ensenada Zaratiegui bay (54°51’ S & 68°29’ W), Argentina. Eight seasonal samplings were performed (four seasons in two years) in the upper and low intertidal. During dissection, parasites were removed, and all organs were extracted and weighed separately. Results: Dendrogaster argentinensis prevalence was the highest for the region (20.4 %). Parasitized individuals were more frequent in the low intertidal in all seasons, with a higher difference in summer, where it is likely that the higher temperatures and strong winds could make the upper intertidal more challenging for a parasitized individual. Five parasitized individuals were castrated. Generally, the gonadal (GI) and somatic (pyloric caeca, PCI; stomach, SI; body wall, WI) indexes were lower in parasitized than non-parasitized individuals. Conclusions: Parasitism by D. argentinensis negatively affects A. antarctica condition. It affects reproduction because it reduces the GI, and can also produce castration. The parasite competes for the sea-stars’ energetic resources, also decreasing the individual’s capacity for feeding (reduced stomach) and growth (reduced body wall).

Resumen Introducción: El endoparásito Dendrogaster argentinensis infecta a la estrella de mar Anasterias antarctica, especie que se encuentra en el nivel trófico más alto del Canal Beagle. Objetivo: Estudiar los efectos del parasitismo de D. argentinensis en la condición fisiológica y reproducción de A. antarctica. Métodos: Adultos de la estrella de mar incubadora fueron recogidos del intermareal rocoso de la bahía Ensenada Zaratiegui (54°51’ S & 68°29’ W). Se realizaron ocho muestreos estacionales (cuatro temporadas en dos años) en el intermareal superior y bajo. Durante la disección, se removieron los parásitos, y todos los órganos, los cuales fueron pesados por separado. Resultados: La prevalencia de D. argentinensis fue la más alta de la región (20.4 %). Los individuos parasitados fueron más frecuentes en el intermareal bajo en todas las estaciones, siendo la mayor diferencia en verano, donde es probable que las temperaturas más altas y los fuertes vientos puedan hacer que el intermareal superior sea más desafiante para un individuo parasitado. Se observaron cinco individuos parasitados que estaban castrados. Generalmente, los índices gonadales (GI) y somáticos (ciego pilórico, estómago, y pared del cuerpo) fueron menores en los individuos parasitados que no parasitados. Conclusiones: El parasitismo de D. argentinensis afecta negativamente la condición fisiológica de A. antarctica. Afecta a la reproducción en términos de bajo GI y puede causar castración. El parásito compite por los recursos energéticos de las estrellas de mar, disminuyendo también la capacidad del individuo para alimentarse (reducción del estómago) y crecer (reducción de la pared del cuerpo).

Abstract Introduction: The sea cucumber Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 is a common echinoderm in intertidal regions along the Brazilian coast, which recently became the focus of unreported and unregulated fisheries. This study was carried out in sandy-rocky substrates at Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina (26o47’ S; 48o36’ W), near its southern limit of geographic distribution. Objective: To determine the densities (individuals*m-2) of Holothuria (H.) grisea within a spatial-temporal perspective as well as to determine biometric and growth characteristics of the population. Methods: Two-meter wide transects perpendicular to the coastline were carried out in winter and spring 2019 and in summer and spring 2020, in periods of spring low-tides. In each sampling occasion the total number of specimens of H. grisea were determined, and a group of 90 organisms was submitted to in situ biometrics (weight, length and width), and immediately returned alive to their habitat. Results: The densities of H. (H.) grisea were significantly higher in the subtidal sector and lower in the upper intertidal sector with no indication of significant differences among sampling campaigns. Depth was the primary factor explaining the observed density patterns and rugosity of the substrate was secondary but also important. The body length ranged from 5.2 to 22.5 cm, whereas the weight varied from 6.0 to 230 g. The mean and modal lengths were 12.54 and 13 cm, respectively. Approximately 75 % of the population sampled was between 10 and 14 cm and the average weight was 60 g. Estimates from von Bertalanffy growth function indicate that the youngest sea cucumber was one year-old, and the oldest had approximately two and a half years. Conclusions: This is the first study to determine biometric parameters for H. (H.) grisea in southern Brazil and the first one to estimate growth and age estimates for a wild population of this species. The densities recorded in the present study were lower than those previously reported for this region, suggesting anthropic influence.

Resumen Introducción: El pepino de mar Holothuria (Halodeima) grisea Selenka, 1867 es un equinodermo común en las regiones intermareales a lo largo de la costa brasileña, que recientemente se convirtió en foco de pesquerías no declaradas y no reguladas. Este estudio se realizó en sustratos arenosos-rocosos en Armação do Itapocoroy, Penha, Santa Catarina (26o47’ S; 48o36’ W), cerca del límite sur de su distribución geográfica. Objetivo: Determinar las densidades (individuos*m-2) de Holothuria (H.) grisea dentro de una perspectiva espacio-temporal así como determinar las características biométricas y de crecimiento de la población. Métodos: Se realizaron transectos de dos metros de ancho perpendiculares a la línea de costa en invierno y primavera de 2019 y en verano y primavera de 2020, en periodos de bajamar sicigia. En cada ocasión de muestreo se determinó el número total de especímenes de H. (H.) grisea, y se sometió un grupo de 90 organismos a biometría in situ (peso, longitud y ancho), e inmediatamente se los devolvieron vivos a su hábitat. Resultados: Las densidades de H. (H.) grisea fueron significativamente más altas en el sector submareal y más bajas en el sector intermareal superior sin indicios de diferencias significativas entre las campañas de muestreo. La profundidad fue el factor principal que explica los patrones de densidad observados y la rugosidad del sustrato fue secundaria pero también importante. La longitud del cuerpo varió de 5.2 a 22.5 cm, mientras que el peso varió de 6.0 a 230 g. Las longitudes media y modal fueron 12.54 y 13 cm, respectivamente. Aproximadamente el 75 % de la población muestreada midió entre 10 y 14 cm y el peso promedio fue de 60 g. Estimados de la función de crecimiento de von Bertalanffy indican que el ejemplar más joven presentaba un año de edad, mientras el más viejo presentaba cerca de dos años y medio. Conclusiones: Este es el primer estudio que determina parámetros biométricos para una población de H. (H.) grisea en el sur de Brasil y el primero en estimar el crecimiento y edades para una población salvaje de esta especie. Las densidades registradas en el presente estudio fueron inferiores a las reportadas previamente para esta región sugiriendo la ocurrencia de influencia antrópica.

ABSTRACT The effect of three sources of lipids in the diet of fattening turkeys from the Hybrid Converter line on growth, carcass weight and blood metabolites were evaluated. A total of 90 43-day-old male turkeys were randomly distributed into 3 treatments, with 5 repetitions and 6 birds per group. The turkeys received isonutritional diets supplemented with Cajamarca Creole lard (MCCC), soybean oil (AS) or palm oil (AP). Turkeys aged 43 to 70 days with MCCC and AP had better body weight gain, lower feed consumption and better feed conversion (p<0.05) than those with the AS treatment; However, there were no differences between treatments during the finishing phase (71-98 days) nor in the total fattening period (43-98 days). The carcass weight in MCCC and AS was greater than in AP, in addition, they reduced (p<0.05) the relative weight of the liver and the percentage of abdominal fat compared to AP. Triglycerides and total cholesterol in blood were lower (p<0.05) in AS and MCCC than in AP, likewise, MCCC decreased (p<0.05) the malondialdehyde content in blood. It is concluded that MCCC in fattening turkeys from 43 to 98 days of age can replace AS and AP in the diet, since it does not generate negative effects or a decrease in the evaluated indicators.

RESUMEN Se evaluó el efecto de tres fuentes de lípidos en la dieta de pavos de engorde de la línea Hybrid Converter sobre el crecimiento, peso de carcasa y metabolitos sanguíneos. Un total de 90 pavos machos de 43 días de edad se distribuyeron aleatoriamente en 3 tratamientos con 5 repeticiones y 6 aves por grupo. Los pavos recibieron dietas isonutricionales suplementadas con manteca de cerdo criollo cajamarquino (MCCC), aceite de soya (AS) o aceite de palma (AP). Los pavos de 43 a 70 días con MCCC y AP tuvieron mejor ganancia de peso corporal, menor consumo de alimento y mejor conversión alimenticia (p<0.05) que los del tratamiento AS; sin embargo, no hubo diferencias entre tratamientos durante la fase de finalización (71-98 días) ni en el total periodo de engorde(43-98días). El peso de la carcasa en MCCC y AS fue mayor que en AP; además, redujeron (p<0.05) el peso relativo del hígado y el porcentaje de grasa abdominal en comparación con AP. Los triglicéridos y el colesterol total en sangre fueron menores (p<0.05) en AS y MCCC que en AP. Asimismo, el MCCC disminuyó (p<0.05) el contenido de malondialdehído en sangre. Se concluye que la MCCC en pavos de engorde de 43 a 98 días de edad puede reemplazar el AS yAP en la dieta, ya que no genera efectos negativos ni disminución de los indicadores evaluados.

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize the articles published in the Finlay journal during the period between 2011 and 2022. Materials and methods: An observational, descriptive, bibliometric study was carried out on the articles published in the Finlay journal. The universe consisted of 525 articles. Sampling techniques were not used. The analyzed variables were number of articles, year of publication, number of authors, origin of the authors, type of article, main theme of the articles, type of study, number of references, number of 5-year-old references, number of citations per article and number of citations received by the journal per year. A descriptive statistics and bibliometrics were used. Results: The year 2021 stood out with 60 research works (11.38 %). Articles with three authors prevailed (155; 29.52 %), Cienfuegos stood out with 1,074 authors (59.40 %) and original articles (OA) predominated (243; 46.28 %). Images in medicine (IM) had the highest Price’s Index (0.80). Among the OA, research works with an observational-descriptive approach prevailed (225 published articles, which accounted for 92.59 % out of the total number of OA). Research related to cardiovascular diseases predominated (116; 22.09 %). A total of 4,870 citations were received, most of them from 2017, with a number of corrected citations (NCC) of 38.3. Meanwhile, the year 2020 had an impact factor (IF) of 3.27. Conclusions: The Finlay journal is a scientific body for the dissemination of research results with extensive achievements and experiences in editorial management. Its growth has been exponential in terms of the number of articles published, prevailing the year 2021. Its issues include research works that show the collaboration between national and foreign authors, highlighting the results of the Cienfuegos province’s researchers. In this regard, the topics focus on health problems that are included in the sector’s priority health programs, based on original research to a greater extent and coupled with a higher number of citations received especially in 2017.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Caracterizar los artículos publicados en la revista científica Finlay durante el periodo 2011-2022. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo, bibliométrico sobre los artículos publicados en la revista científica Finlay. El universo estuvo conformado por 525 artículos. No se aplicó técnicas de muestreo. Las variables analizadas fueron cantidad de artículos, año de publicación, cantidad y procedencia de los autores, tipo, temática central de los artículos, tipo de estudios, cantidad de referencias y referencias con cinco años de antigüedad, cantidad de citas por artículos y recibidas por la revista por años. Se aplicó la estadística descriptiva e indicadores bibliométricos. Resultados: Destacó el año 2021, con 60 investigaciones (11,38 %). Predominaron los artículos con tres autores (155; 29,52 %); sobresalió Cienfuegos, con 1074 autores (59,40 %), y prevalecieron los artículos originales (AO) (243; 46,28 %). El mayor índice de Price (IP) (0,80) lo presentaron las imágenes en la medicina (IM). Dentro de los AO, sobresalieron las investigaciones con metodología de enfoque observacional-descriptivo (225 artículos publicados, equivalente a un 92,59 % respecto al total de AO). Destacaron investigaciones relacionadas con enfermedades cardiovasculares (116; 22,09 %). Se recibieron 4870 citas, con predominio del año 2017, con un número de citas corregidas (NCC) de 38,3; mientras que, en el año 2020, hubo 3,27 de factor de impacto (FI). Conclusiones: La revista Finlay constituye un órgano científico para la difusión de resultados investigativos con amplios logros y experiencias en la gestión editorial. Su crecimiento ha sido exponencial en cuanto a la cantidad de artículos publicados, con predominio en el año 2021. En sus números se recogen investigaciones que muestran la colaboración entre autores tanto nacionales como extranjeros, y en donde se resalta los resultados de los investigadores del territorio. Al respecto, las temáticas son referentes a problemas de salud que se recogen en los programas de salud prioritarios para el sector, fundamentados en investigaciones originales en mayor medida, y aparejado a un crecimiento de las citas recibidas en especial en el 2017.

Abstract The breeding of replacement heifers in breeding systems is an important factor that directly affects the productivity of livestock companies. The aim of this study was to assess the reproductive performance of replacement heifers during their first breeding season, considering morphostructural and reproductive development variables. 142 zebu cross females of 22 to 24 months of age were used, previously selected by weight (a minimum of 67% of the estimated weight for an adult cow under the system was considered). An observational design was used before service in which they were divided into 3 groups according to the degree of reproductive development (RTS 1 to 3), live weight (LW), body condition (BCS 1-9), and zoometric measurements. The service was carried out by artificial insemination at a fixed time (TAI) and natural service (NS). The pregnancy diagnosis was carried out 32 days after the TAI and 35 days after the bulls were removed for NS. The results showed significant differences between the growth and development variables, except in cannon bone circumference and rump height. For LW the RTS1 were 10% heavier than the RTS3. The χ2 test identified association between NS and RTS with 50, 82 and 32%, as well as in general pregnancy of 84, 92 and 67% pregnancy in RTS1, 2 and 3, respectively. In conclusion, for the pre- breeding selection of replacement heifers, it is essential to consider not only live weight but also the degree of reproductive development and zoometric variables.

Resumen La recría de vaquillonas de reposición en sistemas de cría es un factor importante que afecta directamente la productividad de las empresas ganaderas. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el desempeño reproductivo de vaquillonas en el primer servicio, considerando variables morfoestructurales y de desarrollo reproductivo. Se utilizaron 142 hembras de 22 a 24 meses de edad cruza cebú, previamente seleccionadas por peso (se consideró un mínimo de 67% del peso estimado para una vaca adulta bajo el sistema). Se utilizó un diseño observacional antes del servicio en el que se dividieron en 3 grupos según, grado de desarrollo reproductivo (GDR 1 a 3), peso vivo (PV), condición corporal (CC 1-9) y mediciones zoométricas. El servicio fue realizado mediante inseminación artificial a tiempo fijo (IATF) y servicio natural. El diagnóstico de gestación se llevó a cabo a los 32 días luego de la IATF y 35 días después de retirados los toros para el servicio natural. Los resultados demostraron diferencias significativas entre las variables de crecimiento y desarrollo, excepto en perímetro de la caña y alzada a la grupa. Para PV las GDR1 fueron 10% más pesadas que las GDR3. La prueba de χ2 encontró asociación entre servicio natural y GDR con 50, 82 y 32%, como así también en la preñez general de 84, 92 y 67% de preñez en GDR 1, 2 y 3, respectivamente. En conclusión, para la selección pre-servicio en vaquillonas de reposición, es importante considerar no solo el peso vivo, sino también el grado de desarrollo reproductivo y las variables zoométricas.

Abstract The present study aimed to produce a monosex population of all male Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) using 17α-methyl testosterone and common carp testes (as a source of natural androgen). Trial was conducted into two consecutive phases, the first was fry (4-5 days old)administration with negative control (without hormone) and positive control (with hormone) feed viz., MT1:60mg/kg, MT2:70mg/kg (17α-MT), carp testis CT1:70% and CT2:80% for 30 days to reverse the sex of male fish and the second phase was nursing the fingerlings for two months on control diet (32% Crude protein).Results revealed a significant growth rate (P<0.05) in the control group where final weight (4.8±0.34ab) and weight gained was recorded as 0.66±0.03ac. In proximate chemical composition of body meat, CT2 treatment showed maximum retention of crude protein, crude fat, and ash whereas dry matter showed maximum retention in MT2 and CT1 treatments. Morphological and histological examination revealed significant difference (p<0.05) in phenotypic males of Nile tilapia fed with the highest percent in MT-treated diet (MT2) of 95±0.58a while MT1, CT2 and CT1 had males of 85±6.0b, 70±5.0b and 65±6.5b, respectively. It was concluded that synthetic androgen (17αMT) was more effective for masculinization but natural androgen scan be an alternative method to produce male tilapia population in an environment-friendly manner as they are inexpensive, eco-friendly, and radially available. These results suggested that synthetic and natural androgen supplementation in the diet plays a significant role in improving growth performance and body composition. Oreochromis spp. spp 17αmethyl αmethyl 17α methyl α androgen. . androgen) phases 45 4 5 (4- oldadministration old administration without hormone viz viz. MT160mg/kg, MT160mgkg MTmgkg MT1 60mg/kg, 60mg kg MT mg MT1:60mg/kg MT270mg/kg MT270mgkg 70mg/kg 70mg 17αMT, 17αMT αMT , (17α-MT) CT170% CT170 CT 70% 70 CT1:70 CT280% CT280 80% 80 CT2:80 3 32% 32 (32 protein.Results proteinResults protein .Results Results P<0.05 P005 P 0 05 (P<0.05 4.8±0.34ab 48034ab ab 8 34ab (4.8±0.34ab 066003ac ac 66 03ac 0.66±0.03ac meat fat treatments p<0.05 p005 p (p<0.05 MTtreated treated (MT2 95058a 95 58a 8560b b 85 6 0b 85±6.0b 7050b 6565b 65 5b 65±6.5b respectively (17αMT environmentfriendly environment friendly inexpensive ecofriendly, ecofriendly eco friendly, eco-friendly available (4 MT160mg MT160mg/kg mgkg 60mgkg 60mg/kg MT270mg 70mgkg (17α-MT CT17 7 CT1:7 CT28 CT2:8 (3 P<0.0 P00 (P<0.0 p<0.0 p00 (p<0.0 (MT 9 ( MTmg CT1: CT2: P<0. P0 (P<0. p<0. p0 (p<0. P<0 (P<0 p<0 (p<0 P< (P< p< (p< (P (p

Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo produzir uma população monossexuada de todos os machos de tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis spp.) usando 17α-metil testosterona e testículos de carpa comum como fonte de andrógeno natural. O ensaio foi conduzido em duas fases consecutivas, a primeira foi a administração de alevinos (4-5 dias) com controle negativo (sem hormônio) e controle positivo (com hormônio), viz., MT1:60mg/kg, MT2:70mg/kg (17α -MT), testículos de carpa CT1:70% e CT2:80% por 30 dias para inverter o sexo dos peixes machos e a segunda fase foi amamentar os alevinos por dois meses com dieta controle (32% de proteína bruta), e analisar a taxa de crescimento (p < 0,05) no grupo controle, em que o peso final (4,8 ± 0,34 ab) e o peso ganho foram registrados como 0,66 ± 0,03 ac. Na composição química aproximada da carne corporal, o tratamento CT2 mostrou retenção máxima de proteína bruta, gordura bruta e cinzas, enquanto a matéria seca apresentou retenção máxima nos tratamentos MT2 e CT1. O exame morfológico e histológico revelou diferença significativa (p < 0,05) nos machos fenotípicos de tilápia do Nilo alimentados com o maior percentual na dieta tratada com MT (MT2) de 95 ± 0,58a enquanto MT1, CT2 e CT1 tiveram machos de 85 ± 6,0b, 70 ± 5,0 e 65 ± 6,5b, respectivamente. Concluiu-se que o andrógeno sintético (17αMT) foi mais eficaz para a masculinização, entretanto os andrógenos naturais podem ser um método alternativo para produzir população de tilápias machos de maneira ecológica, pois são baratos, ecológicos e estão disponíveis radialmente. Esses resultados sugerem que a suplementação de andrógenos sintéticos e naturais na dieta desempenha um papel significativo na melhoria do desempenho do crescimento e da composição corporal. Oreochromis spp. spp 17αmetil αmetil 17α metil α natural consecutivas 45 4 5 (4- sem hormônio hormônio, , viz viz. MT160mg/kg, MT160mgkg MTmgkg MT1 60mg/kg, 60mg kg mg MT1:60mg/kg MT270mg/kg MT270mgkg 70mg/kg 70mg MT, -MT) CT170% CT170 CT 70% CT1:70 CT280% CT280 80% 80 CT2:80 3 32% 32 (32 bruta) p 0,05 005 0 05 4,8 48 8 (4, 034 34 0,3 ab 066 66 0,6 003 03 0,0 ac corporal cinzas (MT2 9 058a 58a 60b b 6 0b 6,0b 7 50 5, 65b 5b 6,5b respectivamente Concluiuse Concluiu se 17αMT αMT (17αMT masculinização ecológica baratos radialmente (4 MT160mg MT160mg/kg mgkg 60mgkg 60mg/kg MT270mg 70mgkg -MT CT17 CT1:7 CT28 CT2:8 (3 00 4, 0, 06 (MT ( MTmg CT1: CT2:

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Nutritional status and growth curves can affect cognitive development, increase the risk of infection, and contribute to the development of chronic diseases. Its etiology is related to food, socioeconomic, and maternal conditions. However, to date, no data on these parameters exist in the state of Goiás, Brazil. OBJECTIVE: To compare the nutritional status and growth curves of children and adolescents in the city of Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 529 individuals were recruited from a primary health center in the municipality. METHODS: To assess nutritional status, the sample was divided into three categories: 3–4, 5–10, and 11–19 years, with z-score classification considering body mass index for age. The classification of growth curves was performed considering the median height values for age, assuming two references: (a) young Brazilian population and (b) one recommended for international use. The independent sample T-test was used to compare anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The results showed that the classification of eutrophics represents a predominant percentage between both sexes (men: 03–04 = 55.4%; 05–10 = 57.6%; 11–19 = 53.5 % and women: 03–04 = 53.5%; 05–10 = 63.9%; 11–19 = 56.9%), and growth curves showed differences in specific periods in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that children and adolescents from the city of Goiânia present as predominance the eutrophic nutritional status, followed by the risk of overweight, underweight, obesity, and malnutrition of both sexes. BACKGROUND infection diseases food socioeconomic conditions However date Goiás Brazil OBJECTIVE SETTING crosssectional cross sectional study 52 municipality METHODS categories 34 3 4 3–4 510 5 10 5–10 1119 11 19 11–1 years zscore z score age references (a b (b use Ttest T test variables RESULTS men (men 0304 03 04 03–0 55.4% 554 55 0510 05 05–1 57.6% 576 57 6 535 53 53. women 53.5% 63.9% 639 63 9 56.9%, 569 56.9% , 56 56.9%) CONCLUSIONS overweight underweight obesity 3– 51 1 5–1 111 11– 030 0 03– 55.4 051 05– 57.6 63.9 56.9 5– 55. 57. 63. 56.

ABSTRACT: This study estimated the growth of body, carcass, primal cuts, edible offal, and feathers of Japanese quail reared in two thermal environments, receiving three nutritional plans, from one to 39 days of age. A total of 576 one-day-old female chicks (Coturnix japonica) with an average initial weight of 7.51±0.75g/bird were evaluated in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement (three nutritional plans × two temperatures). The animals were housed in two climatic chambers, at 25 ºC and 35 ºC, using 12 replications with eight birds per experimental unit. Nutritional plans (NP) were as follows: NP1: one diet from 1-21days and another from 22-39 days; NP2: one diet from 1-14 days and another from 15-39 days; and NP3: a single diet from 1-39 days. The growth curves and growth rates of body, carcass, primal cuts, feathers, and edible offal were evaluated using the Gompertz mathematical model. Quail fed NP3 showed higher growth curves and rates for body, carcass, drumstick +thigh, and feather. There was an effect on maturity rate, which was lowest in quail housed at 35 ºC. Among the animals kept at 25 ºC, the group fed NP3 exhibited the highest growth rate and breast weight. The nutritional plan consisting of a single diet offered from 1 to 39 days, formulated based on the tables for Japanese and European quail, is the most suitable for estimating the growth curves (Gompertz model) of Japanese quail housed at 25 ºC or 35 ºC. ABSTRACT body carcass cuts environments age 57 onedayold day old Coturnix japonica 751075gbird gbird 7 51 0 75g bird g temperatures. temperatures . temperatures) chambers unit NP (NP follows NP1 121days 21days 2239 22 22-3 NP2 114 14 1-1 1539 15 15-3 139 1-3 model thigh +thigh feather 5 223 22- 11 1- 153 15- 13

RESUMO: Objetivou-se estimar o crescimento corporal, carcaça, cortes nobres, vísceras comestíveis e penas de codornas japonesas criadas em dois ambientes térmicos e alimentadas com três planos nutricionais de um a 39 dias. Foram utilizadas 576 pintainhas (Coturnix japônica), fêmeas, com um dia de idade, com peso médio inicial 7,51 ± 0,75g/ave, distribuídas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 3 × 2 (três planos nutricionais x duas temperaturas), alojadas em duas câmaras climáticas de 25º e 35 ºC, com 12 repetições e oito aves por unidade experimental. Os planos nutricionais foram: plano nutricional um (PN1) - uma dieta de 1-21 dias e uma dieta de 22-39 dias; plano nutricional dois (PN2) - uma dieta de 1-14 dias e uma dieta de 15-39 dias; e plano nutricional três (PN3) - dieta única de 1-39 dias. Foram avaliadas as curvas e taxas de crescimento corporal, carcaça, cortes nobres, penas e vísceras comestíveis, através do modelo matemático de Gompertz. Codornas alimentadas com PN3 apresentaram maiores curvas e taxas de crescimento corporal, de carcaça, coxa + sobrecoxa e penas. Houve efeito para taxa de maturidade, sendo inferior para codornas alojadas em 35 ºC. Nas aves mantidas em 25 ºC, observou-se maior taxa de crescimento e peso de peito nas codornas alimentadas com PN3. O plano nutricional composto por uma única dieta ofertada durante o período de um a 39 dias, formulado com base nas recomendações das tabelas para codornas japonesas e europeias, é o mais indicado para estimar curvas de crescimento no modelo de Gompertz de codornas japonesas alojadas em 25 ºC ou 35 ºC. RESUMO Objetivouse Objetivou se corporal carcaça nobres 57 Coturnix japônica, japônica , japônica) fêmeas idade 751 7 51 7,5 075gave gave 0 75g ave g 0,75g/ave temperaturas, temperaturas temperaturas) º 1 experimental foram PN1 PN (PN1 121 21 1-2 2239 22 22-3 PN2 (PN2 114 14 1-1 1539 15 15-3 (PN3 139 1-3 maturidade observouse observou europeias 5 75 7, (PN 1- 223 22- 11 153 15- 13