ABSTRACT Objective: we aim to understand how racism tangibly manifests in the lives of Black women, limiting their agency as they navigate social spaces through cultural expressions in the city of Belo Horizonte. Theoretical approach: we draw upon the concepts of structural racism and narcissistic pact, identifying convergences and divergences in the understanding of organizations as racialized spaces. Methods: we employ a qualitative approach within the context of ethnographic research, opting to conduct a semi-structured interview with Zuri, the president of an Afro block. As an analytical tool, we apply the concept of intersectionality. Results: we highlight that both structural racism and the narcissistic pact manifest in the daily life of organizations. Both phenomena are even more pernicious for Black women, particularly when they challenge a racist and sexist structure. Conclusions: the collective dimension of racism presents challenges to organizations and their stakeholders. This effect may lead individuals, especially organizational leaders who should be more committed to structural change, to hide behind the racism within their institutions and pacts among their team members. Objective women Horizonte Methods research semistructured semi structured Zuri block tool intersectionality Results structure Conclusions stakeholders individuals change members

RESUMO Objetivo: buscamos compreender como o racismo se manifesta de forma tangível na vida de mulheres negras, limitando sua capacidade de ação, enquanto elas buscam negociar por espaços sociais por meio de expressões culturais, na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Marco teórico: apoiamo-nos nos conceitos de racismo estrutural e pacto narcísico, apontando convergências e divergências no entendimento das organizações como espaços racializados. Método: utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, em um contexto de uma pesquisa etnográfica, optando por realizar uma entrevista semiestruturada com Zuri, presidente de um bloco afro. Como ferramenta analítica, empregamos o conceito de interseccionalidade. Resultados: evidenciamos que tanto o racismo estrutural quanto o pacto narcísico se manifestam no cotidiano das organizações. Ambos os fenômenos são ainda mais perversos para as mulheres negras, em especial quando elas tensionam uma estrutura racista e sexista. Conclusões: a dimensão coletiva do racismo traz desafios às organizações e seus agentes. Tal efeito pode levar os indivíduos, especialmente as lideranças das organizações que deveriam estar mais compromissadas com a mudança estrutural, a se esconderem atrás do racismo de suas instituições e pactos entre os membros de suas equipes. Objetivo negras ação culturais Horizonte teórico apoiamonos apoiamo racializados Método qualitativa etnográfica Zuri afro analítica interseccionalidade Resultados sexista Conclusões agentes indivíduos equipes

Resumo A Matemática, historicamente identificada no imaginário social como difícil e, portanto, feita para poucos, aparece no contexto escolar ora como fonte de prazer para alguns estudantes, ora como sofrimento para outros, que dela fogem sempre que possível. Destarte, neste trabalho, pretende-se compreender e analisar o trauma de estudantes com dificuldades de aprendizagem matemática sob a ótica psicanalítica, a partir de depoimentos de discentes universitários atendidos pelo Serviço de Apoio Pedagógico (SAP) da Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB). Para tanto, recorreu-se à literatura psicanalítica freudiana sobre o trauma, num movimento que buscou entrelaçar as percepções teóricas e os testemunhos dos graduandos sobre seus desejos, medos e angústias no tocante à dialética saber/não-saber, partindo do pressuposto de que a sala de aula é um lugar de vida que oportuniza o encontro de histórias, desejos, subjetividades, prazeres e sofrimentos, onde professores e estudantes, muitas vezes já traumatizados nas relações com o saber, estão também envoltos pela dimensão do inconsciente que comparece à cena pedagógica. Dentre outras proposições, pensamos que a rejeição e o bloqueio mental em relação à Matemática escolar e a tudo o que dela se aproxime, ainda que inconscientemente, possa advir de possíveis relações traumáticas do sujeito com esse saber, tecidas ao longo de toda a constituição de sua história psíquica.

Abstract Mathematics, historically identified in the social imaginary as difficult and, therefore, made for a few, appears in the school context sometimes as a source of pleasure for some students, sometimes as suffering for others, who flee from it whenever possible. Thus, in this work, we intend to understand and analyze students’ trauma with mathematical learning difficulties from a psychoanalytic perspective, based on testimonials from university students attended by the Serviço de Apoio Pedagógico (SAP) of the Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB). For this, Freudian psychoanalytic literature on trauma was used, in a movement that sought to intertwine the students’ theoretical perceptions and testimonies about their desires, fears, and anxieties regarding the dialectic of knowing/not-knowing, based on the assumption that the classroom is a place of life that allows the encounter of stories, desires, subjectivities, pleasures, and sufferings, where teachers and students, often traumatized in their relations with knowledge, are also involved by the dimension of the unconscious that appears in the pedagogical scene. Among other propositions, we think that the rejection and mental block in relation to school mathematics and everything that approaches it, even if unconsciously, may result from possible traumatic relationships of the subject with this knowledge, woven throughout the entire constitution of your psychic history.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sistema de riego sobre las características agronómicas de híbridos de maíz producida en zafra. El experimento se realizó en la estancia “La Concordia S.A”, Departamento de San Pedro, Paraguay, circunscrita en las coordenadas de latitud -23,74659 y longitud -57,02347, en el ciclo productivo 2021/2022. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar (DBCA) dispuesto en parcelas subdivididas. La parcela principal correspondió al sistema de riego (Con riego-por Pivot y sin riego) y la parcela secundaria a los híbridos de maíz (Power Core Ultra 582, DKB 255, DKB 360 y DKB 290), con cuatro repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental (UE) tuvo una dimensión de 100 m2. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de la planta, altura de inserción de la mazorca, longitud y diámetro de la mazorca, peso de 1000 granos y rendimiento de granos.Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza (ANAVA) y las medias de las variables se compararon por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. Los resultados arrojados por el experimento indicaronla eficacia del sistema con riego de forma significativa en la producción de maíz. En cuanto a los híbridos utilizados generó diferencia significativa en las variables, siendo mejores valores lograron en DKB 255 y DKB 360.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the irrigation system on the agronomic characteristics of corn hybrids produced in the harvest. The experiment was carried out in the ranch "La Concordia S.A", Department of San Pedro, Paraguay, circumscribed in the coordinates of latitude -23.74659 and longitude -57.02347, in the 2021/2022 production cycle. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in subdivided plots was used. The main plot corresponded to the irrigation system (with irrigation-by Pivot and without irrigation) and the secondary plot to the corn hybrids (Power Core Ultra 582, DKB 255, DKB 360 and DKB 290), with four repetitions. Each experimental unit (UE) had a dimension of 100 m2. The variables evaluated were plant height, ear insertion height, ear length and diameter, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANAVA) and the means of the variables were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. The results obtained by the experiment indicate the efficiency of the system with irrigation in a significant way in the production of corn. Regarding the hybrids used, they generate a significant difference in the variables, being better values achieved in DKB 255 and DKB 360.

RESUMEN El artículo trata sobre el reconocimiento constitucional del matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo en Ecuador. Para ello estudia los contenidos fácticos, jurídicos e interpretativos de las sentencias 010-18-CN y 011-18-CN, expedidas por la Corte Constitucional de Ecuador. Resalta al respecto la importancia que suponen las decisiones constitucionales que plantean una transformación en la interpretación constitucional, la cual tradicionalmente había adjudicado respuestas jurídicas, ya fuera a casos fáciles o difíciles, sobre la base de una interpretación literal. Propone así, en lugar de esta última, una construcción progresiva de la toma de decisiones constitucionales desde una dimensión dinámica e integral que atienda efectivamente a la Constitución y los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos. Finalmente, el estudio muestra los desacuerdos interpretativos atinentes a los casos examinados, analizando las razones por las cuales se reconoció este derecho vía control de constitucionalidad y no a través de una reforma a la Constitución.

ABSTRACT The article is about the constitutional recognition of same-sex marriage in Ecuador. Study, in this sense, the factual, legal and interpretative contents developed by sentences 010-18-CN and 011-18-CN, issued by the Constitutional Court of Ecuador. Thus, the importance of constitutional decisions that pose a transformation in constitutional interpretation, which has traditionally been adjudicating legal responses to easy or difficult cases from the literal interpretation, and instead proposes, a progressive construction of the decisionmaking process is highlighted. Constitutional decisions, from a dynamic and integral dimension based on the Constitution and the International Human Rights Instruments. Finally, the study shows the interpretative disagreements pertaining to the case, analyzing the reasons why this right was recognized via constitutionality control and not through amendment of the Constitution.

Abstract This research article aims to study the behaviour of expansion bolts under axial, shear and bending interaction of base plate connected cold formed steel storage racks. The uniaxial moment of rotation at the base plate connection was adopted to identify the ultimate moment of resistance and stiffness of the base plate connected to a concrete block using M10 grade anchor bolt at different range of axial loads ranging from 25% to 100% there by the design strength of upright profile was studied. The dimension of the upright and the base plate thickness has to be changed so that the extreme stability under various ranges of axial and transverse loads had been studied. Using finite element analysis software (Abaqus), a model has been created and designed to observe moment rotation characteristics, behaviour of base plate under simultaneous axial, shear and bending interactions and compared with experimental analysis. Comparative studies reveal that there was no failure in the concrete block and when the upright thickness increases, the stiffness and moment of the base plate increases despite having a similar cross section. An interaction equation was developed to find the stiffness and ultimate moment of resistance of the base plate connection.

ABSTRACT Jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.) is a short-cycle leafy vegetable from the Amazon region, which needs an adequate availability of water and nutrients, mainly nitrogen, to obtain a rapid mass increase. This research aimed to study the effect of different soil-water stresses and nitrogen doses on jambu cultivation in the state of Pará. The experiments were conducted at the Igarapé-Açu experimental farm of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). The Jamburana variety was used in a 10 × 10 cm spacing, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. Each plot had a dimension of 0.4 × 0.5 m (0.2 m2), totaling 20 plants in 4 rows, but only the plants of the central rows were useful. Treatments consisted of four soil-water stresses (12, 18, 24, and 30 kPa) as an indication of the irrigation time (critical stress), using drip irrigation, and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1). The use of soil-water stress of 12 kPa associated with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 150 kg ha−1 is recommended for better development and production of jambu under the conditions this experiment was conducted.

This work analyzes the effect of Cu additions on the microstructure of quaternary alloys Al-6Si-7Mg-xCu (x= 3, 5 and 7 wt.%) produced by conventional metallurgy. Microstructural modifications were studied using Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), focusing on second phases identification and quantification. Conventional image analyses were developed measuring the total percentage of second phases, and individually for each phase determining its equivalent diameter, shape factor, roundness and aspect ratio; while fractal analyses were carried out complementarily through fractal dimension measurements for the whole microstructure and for individual phases. Compression tests were also carried out. SEM and XRD results revealed that second phases were eutectic Si, Mg2Si, Al2Cu and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 (Q). The increase in Cu content led to higher quantities of these phases, mainly Al2Cu, which was barely present for the alloy with the lowest Cu content. Morphologies of second phases depended on Cu content, being present as eutectic, block like, finely dispersed or primary particles. The combination of conventional and fractal parameters provided a useful tool for comparatively analyze microstructural modifications and second phases features. It was also found that the compressive behavior of the alloys depended on the resulting microstructures.

Resumo Com objetivo de contribuir com o melhor entendimento do comportamento de vigas de alvenaria estrutural armada, foi realizado o estudo experimental de vigas de alvenaria armada com blocos de concreto. Essas foram projetadas para ruptura à flexão, sendo analisando o modo de fissuração, a flecha, o momento fletor último, a deformação por encurtamento médio último da alvenaria na compressão simples e na flexão. Foi desenvolvido um programa experimental no qual foram ensaiadas, à flexão simples, 12 vigas de alvenaria estrutural armada confeccionadas com canaletas e blocos de concreto. Para comparação entre resistência à compressão da alvenaria paralela e perpendicular às juntas horizontais, foram confeccionados e ensaiados dois tipos de prismas; 4 prismas grauteados, confeccionados com a maior dimensão dos blocos na vertical, simulando a ocorrência das tensões de compressão nas vigas (paralelas às juntas horizontais), e 4 prismas convencionais grauteados. Resultados mostraram que, em média, a resistência à compressão da alvenaria paralela às juntas horizontais foi 25% menor comparada com a outra direção (perpendicular às juntas horizontais). Houve um aumento significativo da rigidez das vigas devido à inserção de mais uma fiada. O modelo utilizado para o cálculo do momento fletor último conduziu a valores próximos dos experimentais (diferença de aproximadamente 15%). E em média, o encurtamento último da alvenaria na compressão simples foi 50% menor do que na flexão.

Abstract An experimental program on reinforced concrete masonry beams was conducted aiming to better understand the behavior of reinforced masonry beams. The beams were designed to fail in flexure, assessing cracking patterns, maximum displacement, ultimate bending moment, and maximum flexural and axial compression strain. The experimental program included 12 reinforced masonry beam tested under flexure and built with bond-beam and hollow concrete blocks. Also, two type of prism were built and tested; one type stacked into the block greater dimension allowing testing with compression in the same direction as in the beams; and the second type as standard grouted prisms. Results indicate an average masonry compression strength parallel to bed joint 25% lower than the masonry compression strength in the other direction (perpendicular to bed joints). There was a significant increase on the beam stiffness due to the construction of one more block course. The model used to calculate the ultimate bending moment led to values close to the experimental result (difference of about 15%). Finally, the ultimate average shortening strain of masonry at axial compression was 50% lower than at flexural compression.

Resumen Los sistemas de adquisición de información espacio - angular en 4D o campos de luz, han avanzado en la última década debido a la inclusión de aperturas codificadas en el camino óptico del sistema. Dichas aperturas, modulan la luz codificando la información antes de ser capturada. Tradicionalmente, estas aperturas codificadas son aperturas binarias, es decir, bloquean o dejan pasar los rayos de luz en la dimensión espacial haciendo que se capture información dispersa de la escena. En este trabajo, se reemplazan las aperturas binarias por aperturas codificadas de color, que además de modular la luz espacialmente lo hacen espectralmente. De esta forma, es posible adquirir campos de luz en múltiples longitudes de onda y aumentar su resolución espectral. La importancia de obtener información en el espectro radica en que es posible capturar características que no están presentes en el rango visible del espectro electromagnético. En este artículo, se propone un algoritmo que simula la adquisición de una imagen de campo de luz usando aperturas codificadas de color. El sistema propuesto aprovecha la redundancia de información que se presenta en la escena basándose en la teoría del muestreo compresivo, así, solo se captura una señal dispersa de la escena. La imagen multidimensional es recuperada a partir de dicha señal mediante un algoritmo de reconstrucción. Los resultados de simulación muestran la calidad de reconstrucción del campo de luz multiespectral. La calidad de las reconstrucciones obtenidas es de alrededor de 25 dB en PSNR.

Abstract In the last decade, spatio - angular (light field) acquisition systems have advanced due to the inclusion of coded apertures in the optical path. These coded apertures, modulate the light, encoding the information before being captured. Traditionally, these coded apertures are binary, i.e. block and unblock the light rays in the spatial dimension, capturing sparse information of the scene. In this work, the binary coded aperture is replaced by a colored coded aperture which modulates the source not only spatially but spectrally. Thereby, it is possible to capture light fields in multiple wavelengths yielding high spectral resolution. The spectral information provides many features of a scene in different wavelengths, these features are not present in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, an algorithm that simulates the light field sampling with colored coded apertures is proposed. The proposed algorithm, exploits the redundant information of the scene based on the compressive sensing theory thus, capturing just a sparse signal. The multidimensional image can be recovered from the underlying signal through a reconstruction algorithm. Several simulations show the quality of the multispectral light field reconstructions. The PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) values obtained for the reconstructions are around 25 dB.

Entre los limitantes del cultivo de ñame con destino al mercado de exportación, se encuentran los bajos rendimientos por unidad de superficie y la producción de tubérculos deformes y de gran tamaño que son rechazados por este mercado, ocasionando grandes pérdidas al pequeño productor. Con el fin de incrementar la competitividad de ñame tipo exportación, se evaluó el efecto de la densidad poblacional sobre el rendimiento de ñame espino cv. Brasilero. En la granja experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba se estableció un experimento bajo un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con tres repeticiones en las siguientes densidades de población (tratamientos): 10.101, 22.727, 30.303 y 45.454 plantas/ha, donde el primer tratamiento correspondió a la densidad poblacional usada por los productores (testigo). En cada tratamiento se evaluaron los componentes de rendimiento: número, forma, peso, dimensión y producción de tubérculos tipo exportación y no exportación; asimismo, se realizó un análisis económico de los tratamientos para evaluar su impacto de adopción. La producción tipo exportación se incrementó con el aumento de la densidad de población, alcanzando el máximo rendimiento con 30.303 plantas/ha, superando al testigo en 197,75%; siendo esta misma población la de mayor rentabilidad con 116,67%. La forma, peso y dimensión de los tubérculos no fueron afectados por la densidad de población, donde la forma cilíndrica fue la más frecuente. Se concluye que el aumento poblacional de ñame espino cv. Brasilero respondió significativamente al triplicar el número de tubérculos tipo exportación por área de siembra, al igual que su rentabilidad.

The limitations for yam crops destined for the export market include low yields per unit area and the production of deformed and overly large tubers that are rejected by the market, causing huge losses for small farmers. In order to increase the export competitiveness of yams, the effect of population density on the yield of white yams (D. rotundata cv. Brasilero) was evaluated. On the experimental farm of the Universidad de Córdoba, an experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design and three replications using the following densities (treatments): 10,101; 22,727; 30,303 and 45,454 plants/ha, where the first treatment corresponded to the density used by producers (control). The following yield components were evaluated each time: number, shape, weight, size and production of export-type and non-export-type tubers. In addition, an economic analysis of the treatments was carried out to assess the impact of adoption. The export-type production increased as the population density increased, achieving the maximum yield with 30,303 plants/ ha, surpassing the control by 197.75%; this population was also the most profitable, 116.67%. The shape, weight and size of the tubers were not affected by the population density; the cylindrical shape was the most frequent. It was concluded that the white yam cv. Brasilero population increase significantly influenced the number of export-type tubers per hectare, tripling the number, as well as increasing profitability.

In order to establish possible relations among statistical indicators in models of parametric and non-parametric analysis of variance, belonging to completely randomized and random block experimental designs, the categorical principal component analysis was used because they are quantitative and qualitative. The models of analysis of variance of simple classification, with 16 experiments, were selected, as well as those of double classification with five experiments. An amount of 100 discrete and categorical variables were analyzed. A matrix of data was designed using the indicators of completely randomized designs and the test of Kruskal-Wallis, which is its non-parametric homologue, the model of random blocks with its non-parametric homologue, and the test of Friedman. The categorical principal component analysis showed adequate reliability and a variability percentage explained with 0.94. The indicators with more importance in the first dimension are related to probability of type I error and power, showing absolute values close to one and allowing to determine their contribution in this study. The results evidenced the existing relations among the analyzed statistical indicators, from the high degree of positive correlation over 0.90 among the values of probability of type I error in the F test of Fisher (with and without transformation) and its non-parametric homologue test, as well as the high negative correlations, existing between around 0.8 and 0.93 of them with values of power (with or without data transformation). It is necessary to continue the analysis for different data distributions and sample sizes

Para establecer posibles relaciones entre indicadores estadísticos en los modelos de análisis de varianza paramétrico y no paramétrico, correspondientes a los diseños completamente aleatorizados y de bloques al azar, se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales categóricos por ser estos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se seleccionaron los modelos de análisis de varianza de clasificación simple, con dieciséis experimentos, y doble con cinco. Se analizaron en total 100 variables de tipos discretas y categóricas. Con los indicadores de los diseños completamente aleatorizados y su homólogo no paramétrico, la dócima de Kruskal-Wallis, y el de modelo de bloques al azar con su homólogo no paramétrico, la dócima de Friedman, se conformó una matriz de datos. El análisis de componentes principales categóricos mostró adecuada fiabilidad y porcentaje de variabilidad explicada con 0.94. Los indicadores con mayor peso en la primera dimensión se encuentran relacionados con la probabilidad de error tipo I y la potencia, que presentaron valores absolutos cercanos a uno, que permiten determinar el aporte de los mismos en el estudio. Los resultados evidenciaron las relaciones que existen entre los indicadores estadísticos analizados, a partir del alto grado de correlación positiva por encima de 0.90 entre los valores de probabilidad de error tipo I en la dócima F de Fisher (sin transformación y con ella) y la dócima homóloga no paramétrica, así como de las altas correlaciones negativas que existen entre 0.8 y 0.93 aproximadamente de estos con los valores de potencia (sin y con transformación de los datos). Se considera oportuno continuar el análisis para diferentes distribuciones de datos y tamaños de muestras

The present investigation was carried out to study the direction and magnitude of heterosis in twenty-four hybrids for yield contributing head traits in cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.). A field experiment was conducted during the cabbage growing season of 2011-2012 at the Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute, Samsun, Turkey. Hybrids and parents were evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Measurements were performed for head weight, head diameter and head length to estimate mid parent and better parent heterosis in each hybrid. The direction and magnitude of mid parent and better parent heterosis among hybrids for all the head traits was found to be highly variable. The maximum and significant heterosis in favorable directions both over mid parent and better parent for head weight (73.6 and 62.3%, respectively), head diameter (39.6 and 39.1%, respectively) and head length (25.3 and 21.6%, respectively) was observed in the hybrid P8 × P14. In this study, the hybrids P8 × P14, P3 × P13, P3 × P14 and P8 × P13 were found to be promising hybrid combinations with regard to their per se performance for head traits and the magnitude of heterosis. These hybrids can be selected for commercial exploitation of hybrid vigor. Thus, the information generated from this study might be vital and useful for breeders to develop hybrid varieties with better head traits and high yield through heterosis breeding.

Esta investigación se ha realizado para investigar la dirección y la dimensión de heterosis en los veinticuatro mestizajes correspondiendo con las características cabezales productivas del repollo (Brassica oleracea var capitata L.). El experimento de área se hizo durante la temporada 2011-2012, en el Instituto de Investigaciones Agriculturas en Samsun, Turkía. Los mestizajes y los portainjertos se evaluaron en el diseño en bloques aleatorizados, con tres repeticiones. Para hacer la estimación de heterosis de portainjerto superior y media de cada mestizaje se midió el peso, el diámento y la longitud de la cabeza de repollo. Para todas las características de la cabeza, la dirección y la dimención del heterosis medio y superior entre los mestizajes fue muy variable. En los mestizajes de P8 × P14, el peso de la cabeza (73,6 y 62,3%, respectivamente), el diámetro (39,6 y 39,1, respectivamente), y la longitud de la cabeza (25,3 y 21,6%, respectivamente), se observó un máximo y una cantidad importante de heterosis en el portainjerto medio y superior suficiente. En este estudio, las combinaciones de mestizajes P8 × P14, P3 × P13, P3 × P14 y P8 × P13, resultaron ser prometedoras en cuanto al rendimiento per se de las características de la cabeza y la magnitud de la heterosis. Estos mestizajes se pueden elegir para aprovechar de vigor híbrido de heterosis, en el comercio. Por lo cual, las informaciones obtenidas gracias a estos estudios, pueden ser beneficiosos y vitales para cultivar unos tipos de mestizajes que tienen una productividad superior y mejores características de la cabeza del repollo a través del mejoramiento de heterosis por los agricultores.

O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência do nível de ansiedade pré-competitiva nos aspectos técnicos do voleibol em partidas realizadas dentro e fora de casa. Para tal, utilizaram-se os questionários validados de ansiedade (BAI - Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck e CSAI-2 - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2), uma ficha de identificação e os resultados das anotações dos fundamentos da modalidade (saque, bloqueio e ataque), segundo o critério da CBV. Participaram 13 atletas de uma equipe de voleibol da categoria infanto-juvenil do interior de São Paulo, com média de 16 (±1,1) anos. Foram analisados 10 jogos da XXI Copa Regional de Voleibol e após a coleta dos dados as informações foram estruturadas e analisadas utilizando o pacote estatístico SYSTAT 13. As análises estatísticas consistiram na obtenção das somas e médias de cada dimensão mensurada. Para análise das relações entre ansiedade dentro e fora de casa, foi utilizado o teste t-pareado com nível de significância de p<0,05. Os principais resultados apontam que não foram verificadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nos níveis de ansiedade nos jogos como mandante e visitante, assim como nos fundamentos analisados nos jogos dentro e fora de casa. Porém, a análise dos fundamentos demonstrou que o desempenho técnico das atletas foi mais efetivo nos jogos como mandante, exceto no fundamento bloqueio positivo. Esse fato pode ser explicado pelo home advantage (vantagem de jogar em casa). Assim, é importante destacar que o aspecto psicológico deve ser considerado na periodização das atletas.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-competitive anxiety levels in technical aspects of Volleyball, during matches inside and outside home. For this, two anxiety questionnaire (BAI - Beck Anxiety Inventory - and CSAI-2 - Competitive State Anxiety Inventory - 2), an athlete identification form and the fundamentals results notes (serve, block and attack) according the criteria of CBV were used. The study included 13 athletes from a juvenile volleyball category team from São Paulo state, with a average age of 16 (±1,1). Ten (10) games from the XXI Regional Volleyball Cup were analyzed. After the data acquisition, the information was structured and analyzed using the statistical software SYSTAT 13. Statistical analysis consisted in obtaining the total and averages for each dimension measured. To analyze the relationship between the anxiety inside and outside home, the paired t-test was used with a significance level of p <0.05. The main results indicate that no statistically significant differences were found in anxiety levels in games as host team or as visitor team, as well as the fundamentals in the games inside and outside home. However, analysis of the fundamentals showed that the technical performance of the athletes was more effective in games as home team, except for positive block. This fact can be explained by the home advantage (also called home field). Thus, it is important to highlight that the psychological aspect should be considered in the athlete's periodization process.

The effects of two different carbon dioxide levels on fiber yield, fiber dimension and lignocelluloses properties of three varieties of kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) namely Fuhong (FH991), V36 and Kohn-Kaen60 (KK60) were assessed in a growth house experiment at faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Seeds were sown in polyethylene bags containing top (loamy soil). Carbon dioxide enrichment treatment started when the seedlings reached four weeks and plants were exposed to 400 and 800 µmol mol-1 of CO2. A factorial experiment was arranged in a split plot using a randomized complete block design (The CO2 chamber is perpendicular to sunrise and sunset) with CO2 levels as the main plot, and different varieties as sub-plot replicated three times. Different CO2 levels had significant impact on fiber dimension, fiber yield and lignocellulose properties of bast and core fiber for all three varieties. Result indicated that increasing CO2 concentration from 400 µmol mol-1 to 800 µmol mol-1 positively affected fiber of all varieties under study. Increase in fiber length and slight reduction in fiber diameter at 800 mol-1 resulted in higher fiber quality for paper production purposes. These results provide significant insights into opportunities for growing of kenaf under enriched CO2 concentration.

Glutenin macfopolymef (GMP), an important component of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), consists of high weight (HMW-GS) and low-molecular-weight (LMW-GS) gutenin subunits. In wheat, the subunit composition and GMP characteristics are important factors affecting processing quality. The objective of this study was to characterize the effects of soil water status, cultivar and grain position in wheat spike, on GMP particles distribution. Wheat cultivars Jinan 17, Yannong 24 and Lumai 21 with different end-use quality were used in 2009-2011 growing season, and two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed): two irrigations (750 m³ ha-1 each at jointing and booting stage) for irrigated, and none for rainfed. The experimental design was a complete randomized block with three replicates; data were analyzed whith ANOVA and Tukey test (p ≤ 0.05) for treatment means, using SPSS. All determinations were replicated three times. Plot dimension was 3 mx3 m. At maturity, the heads flowering on the same date were sampled and detached as basal and distal grains according to the position on spikelets. GMP particles distribution and HMW-GS content were affected (p ≤ 0.05) by soil water, genotype and grain position. Basal grains on middle spikelets showed higher (p ≤ 0.05) HMW-GS and GMP content than those in distal grains at maturity. The volume and surface area percentage of >100 µm GMP particles in basal grains were higher (p ≤ 0.05) than that in distal grains, but those of <12 µm particles in basal grains were lower than that in distal grains. Compared with irrigation, percent volume and surface area of >100 µm GMP particles in basal and distal grains were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05), and content of HMW-GS and GMP were also increased in rainfed condition. As a result, basal and distal grains have different quality characteristics and application. A promising breeding strategy would be to improve grain yield and quality by increasing average grain weight rather than grain number within a spikelet. When managing for wheat production, the water factor was the most important manipulation to regulate the yield and quality.

El macropolímero de glutenina (GMP), un componente importante del trigo (Triticum aestivum L.), se compone de sublimidades de glutenina con peso molecular alto (HMW-GS) y bajo (LMW-GS). En el trigo, la composición de subunidades y características de GMP son factores importantes que afectan la calidad del procesamiento. El objetivo de este estudio fue caracterizar los efectos del estado hídrico del suelo, los cultivares y la posición del grano en la espiga de trigo sobre la distribución de las partículas GMP. Los cultivares de trigo Jinan 17, Yannong 24 y Lumai 21, con diferente calidad en el uso final, fueron utilizados en la temporada de crecimiento 2009-2011 y se aplicaron dos regímenes hídricos (riego y temporal): dos riegos (750 m³ ha-1 cada uno en la etapa de elongación del tallo y formación de la espiga) para los de riego, y ninguno para los de temporal. El diseño experimental fue bloques completos al azar con tres repeticiones y los datos se analizaron con ANDEVA y la prueba de Tukey (p ≤ 0.05), para comparar de las medias de los tratamientos, usando SPSS. Todas las determinaciones se repitieron tres veces. La dimensión de la parcela fue de 3 mx3 m. En la madurez, las espigas floreciendo en la misma fecha se muestrearon y separaron como granos basales y distales según la posición en las espiguillas. La distribución de las partículas GMP y el contenido de HMW-GS fueron afectados (p ≤ 0.05) por el agua del suelo, el genotipo y la posición del grano. Los granos basales en las espiguillas de la parte media tenían más (p ≤ 0.05) HMW-GS y GMP que los distales en madurez. El volumen y porcentaje del área superficial de las partículas GMP >100 µm en granos basales fueron mayores (p ≤ 0.05) que en los distales, pero los de partículas de <12 µm en los granos basales eran menores que en los distales. En comparación con el riego, el porcentaje de volumen y área superficial de partículas GMP > 100 µm en los granos basales y distales aumentaron significativamente (p<0.05), y los contenidos de HMW-GS y GMP también aumentaron en condiciones de temporal. Como resultado, los granos basales y distales tienen características diferentes de calidad y aplicación. Una estrategia de mejora genética prometedora sería mejorar el rendimiento del grano y su calidad aumentando el peso medio del grano en lugar del número de granos dentro de una espiguilla. En la producción de trigo, el manejo del factor agua fue el más importante para regular el rendimiento y la calidad.