RESUMEN Introducción: En el proceso de capacitación continua de los estudiantes de Medicina resulta necesario incorporar temas de actualidad; asimismo, es importante conocer los problemas para buscar soluciones con el apoyo de la ciencia. Objetivo: Diagnosticar el proceso formativo del estudiante de Medicina en cuanto a la detección de secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, con enfoque cualitativo, de 20 estudiantes del quinto año de la carrera de Medicina, pertenecientes a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Camagüey, durante su estancia por la asignatura Salud Pública, desde julio hasta diciembre del 2022. Para tal propósito se diseñó y aplicó un instrumento evaluativo con dimensiones e indicadores. Resultados: Se halló que 50,0 % de dichos estudiantes se ubicó en el rango de edad de 21-26 años, mientras que 65,0 % correspondió al sexo femenino. La dimensión cognitiva fue evaluada de mal, pues 3 indicadores, de los 4 que la integraban, recibieron esa calificación; del mismo modo sucedió con la dimensión instrumental. En cambio, la dimensión actitudinal y sus 2 indicadores fueron calificados de bien. Conclusiones: Existieron insuficiencias en el proceso formativo del estudiante de Medicina, lo que obstaculiza su desempeño profesional. Sobre la base del diagnóstico realizado, se confirma como fortaleza el interés por la búsqueda de información relacionada con la detección de secuelas discapacitantes pos-COVID-19.

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the continuous training process of medical students, it is necessary to incorporate current issues; likewise, it is important to know the problems to seek solutions with the science support. Objective: To diagnose the training process of medical students as for the detection of incapacitating sequelae post-COVID-19. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study, with qualitative approach, of 20 students from 5th year of Medicine career, belonging to the University of Medical Sciences in Camagüey was carried out during their stay for the Public Health subject, from July to December, 2022. For such a purpose it was designed and applied an evaluative instrument with dimensions and indicators. Results: It was found that 50.0% of these students were in the age range of 21-26 years, while 65.0% were female. The cognitive dimension was evaluated as bad because 3 indicators, of the 4 that made it up, received that qualification; the same happened with the instrumental dimension. On the other hand, the attitudinal dimension and its 2 indicators were qualified as good. Conclusions: Inadequacies existed in the training process of medical students, which block their professional performance. On the base of the diagnosis, the interest in searching for information related to the detection of post-COVID-19 incapacitating sequelae is confirmed as strength.

ABSTRACT Objective: we aim to understand how racism tangibly manifests in the lives of Black women, limiting their agency as they navigate social spaces through cultural expressions in the city of Belo Horizonte. Theoretical approach: we draw upon the concepts of structural racism and narcissistic pact, identifying convergences and divergences in the understanding of organizations as racialized spaces. Methods: we employ a qualitative approach within the context of ethnographic research, opting to conduct a semi-structured interview with Zuri, the president of an Afro block. As an analytical tool, we apply the concept of intersectionality. Results: we highlight that both structural racism and the narcissistic pact manifest in the daily life of organizations. Both phenomena are even more pernicious for Black women, particularly when they challenge a racist and sexist structure. Conclusions: the collective dimension of racism presents challenges to organizations and their stakeholders. This effect may lead individuals, especially organizational leaders who should be more committed to structural change, to hide behind the racism within their institutions and pacts among their team members.

RESUMO Objetivo: buscamos compreender como o racismo se manifesta de forma tangível na vida de mulheres negras, limitando sua capacidade de ação, enquanto elas buscam negociar por espaços sociais por meio de expressões culturais, na cidade de Belo Horizonte. Marco teórico: apoiamo-nos nos conceitos de racismo estrutural e pacto narcísico, apontando convergências e divergências no entendimento das organizações como espaços racializados. Método: utilizamos uma abordagem qualitativa, em um contexto de uma pesquisa etnográfica, optando por realizar uma entrevista semiestruturada com Zuri, presidente de um bloco afro. Como ferramenta analítica, empregamos o conceito de interseccionalidade. Resultados: evidenciamos que tanto o racismo estrutural quanto o pacto narcísico se manifestam no cotidiano das organizações. Ambos os fenômenos são ainda mais perversos para as mulheres negras, em especial quando elas tensionam uma estrutura racista e sexista. Conclusões: a dimensão coletiva do racismo traz desafios às organizações e seus agentes. Tal efeito pode levar os indivíduos, especialmente as lideranças das organizações que deveriam estar mais compromissadas com a mudança estrutural, a se esconderem atrás do racismo de suas instituições e pactos entre os membros de suas equipes.

RESUMEN Por medio de la formalización lacaniana de la teoría de los discursos y del discurso del capitalista, pretendemos ubicar los modos de operación presentes en la racionalidad neoliberal. Partimos de la introducción de una nueva modalidad de vínculo social, que bloquea las posibilidades de trabajo del rotación y opera bajo el psiquismo en el molde de una producción ilimitada, reduciendo el deseo a la demanda. Este movimiento captura la subjetividad a través del superyó y comienza a guiarse por horizontes forjados por el neoliberalismo. La obra del discurso capitalista se asemeja al “crimen perfecto”, que tiene como fin borrar cualquier rastro de orientación deseante. Apostamos por la inscripción del deseo a través del acto de escuchar como estrategia de localización de posibles representaciones. De esta forma se evita la consumación de un delito perfecto y se trata de una operación con un resto que no puede ser asimilado por la economía de mercado. Es en la medida en que este resto puede ser acogido a través de la escucha que se inscribe la posibilidad de producir no sólo una coordenada basada en el deseo, sino también una estrategia política frente a la naturaleza ilimitada de los mercados contemporáneos.

RESUMO Por meio da formalização lacaniana da teoria dos discursos e do discurso do capitalista, objetivamos localizar os modos de operação presentes na racionalidade neoliberal. Partimos da introdução de uma nova modalidade de laço social, que parece travar as possibilidades de funcionamento do quarto de giro e opera sob o psiquismo aos moldes de uma produção ilimitada, reduzindo o desejo à dimensão da demanda. Esse movimento realiza uma manobra de captura da subjetividade por meio do supereu e passa a se orientar por horizontes forjados pelo neoliberalismo. A empreitada do discurso do capitalista se assemelha a um “crime perfeito”, a qual tem como meta o apagamento de qualquer rastro que sirva como uma orientação desejante. Apostamos na inscrição do desejo por meio do ato de escuta como estratégia de localização de representações possíveis. Assim evita-se a consumação de um crime perfeito e trata-se de uma operação com um resto inassimilável pela economia de mercado. É na medida em que esse resto pode ser acolhido por meio de uma escuta que se inscreve a possibilidade de produção não apenas de uma coordenada pautada no desejo bem como de uma estratégia política frente ao ilimitado dos mercados contemporâneos.

ABSTRACT Through Lacan’s formalization of the theory of discourses and the discourse of the capitalist, we aim to locate the operation modes present in neoliberal rationality. We start from the introduction of a new modality of social bond, which seems to block the working possibilities of a quarter spin and operates under the psyche in the mold of an unlimited production, reducing desire to the dimension of demand. This movement captures the subjectivity through the superego and begins to be guided by horizons forged by neoliberalism. The endeavor of the capitalist discourse resembles the “perfect crime”, which has as its goal the erasure of any trace that serves as a desiring orientation. We bet on the inscription of desire through the act of listening as a strategy for locating possible representations. In this way, the consummation of a perfect crime is avoided and it is turns to be about an operation with a leftover that cannot be assimilated by the market economy. It is to the extent that this remainder can be welcomed through listening that the possibility of producing not only a coordinate based on desire, but also a political strategy in the face of the unlimited nature of contemporary markets is inscribed.

Resumo A Matemática, historicamente identificada no imaginário social como difícil e, portanto, feita para poucos, aparece no contexto escolar ora como fonte de prazer para alguns estudantes, ora como sofrimento para outros, que dela fogem sempre que possível. Destarte, neste trabalho, pretende-se compreender e analisar o trauma de estudantes com dificuldades de aprendizagem matemática sob a ótica psicanalítica, a partir de depoimentos de discentes universitários atendidos pelo Serviço de Apoio Pedagógico (SAP) da Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB). Para tanto, recorreu-se à literatura psicanalítica freudiana sobre o trauma, num movimento que buscou entrelaçar as percepções teóricas e os testemunhos dos graduandos sobre seus desejos, medos e angústias no tocante à dialética saber/não-saber, partindo do pressuposto de que a sala de aula é um lugar de vida que oportuniza o encontro de histórias, desejos, subjetividades, prazeres e sofrimentos, onde professores e estudantes, muitas vezes já traumatizados nas relações com o saber, estão também envoltos pela dimensão do inconsciente que comparece à cena pedagógica. Dentre outras proposições, pensamos que a rejeição e o bloqueio mental em relação à Matemática escolar e a tudo o que dela se aproxime, ainda que inconscientemente, possa advir de possíveis relações traumáticas do sujeito com esse saber, tecidas ao longo de toda a constituição de sua história psíquica.

Abstract Mathematics, historically identified in the social imaginary as difficult and, therefore, made for a few, appears in the school context sometimes as a source of pleasure for some students, sometimes as suffering for others, who flee from it whenever possible. Thus, in this work, we intend to understand and analyze students’ trauma with mathematical learning difficulties from a psychoanalytic perspective, based on testimonials from university students attended by the Serviço de Apoio Pedagógico (SAP) of the Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (UFOB). For this, Freudian psychoanalytic literature on trauma was used, in a movement that sought to intertwine the students’ theoretical perceptions and testimonies about their desires, fears, and anxieties regarding the dialectic of knowing/not-knowing, based on the assumption that the classroom is a place of life that allows the encounter of stories, desires, subjectivities, pleasures, and sufferings, where teachers and students, often traumatized in their relations with knowledge, are also involved by the dimension of the unconscious that appears in the pedagogical scene. Among other propositions, we think that the rejection and mental block in relation to school mathematics and everything that approaches it, even if unconsciously, may result from possible traumatic relationships of the subject with this knowledge, woven throughout the entire constitution of your psychic history.

RESUMEN El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto del sistema de riego sobre las características agronómicas de híbridos de maíz producida en zafra. El experimento se realizó en la estancia “La Concordia S.A”, Departamento de San Pedro, Paraguay, circunscrita en las coordenadas de latitud -23,74659 y longitud -57,02347, en el ciclo productivo 2021/2022. Se utilizó un diseño en bloques completos al azar (DBCA) dispuesto en parcelas subdivididas. La parcela principal correspondió al sistema de riego (Con riego-por Pivot y sin riego) y la parcela secundaria a los híbridos de maíz (Power Core Ultra 582, DKB 255, DKB 360 y DKB 290), con cuatro repeticiones. Cada unidad experimental (UE) tuvo una dimensión de 100 m2. Las variables evaluadas fueron altura de la planta, altura de inserción de la mazorca, longitud y diámetro de la mazorca, peso de 1000 granos y rendimiento de granos.Los datos fueron sometidos al análisis de varianza (ANAVA) y las medias de las variables se compararon por el test de Tukey al 5% de probabilidad de error. Los resultados arrojados por el experimento indicaronla eficacia del sistema con riego de forma significativa en la producción de maíz. En cuanto a los híbridos utilizados generó diferencia significativa en las variables, siendo mejores valores lograron en DKB 255 y DKB 360.

ABSTRACT The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of the irrigation system on the agronomic characteristics of corn hybrids produced in the harvest. The experiment was carried out in the ranch "La Concordia S.A", Department of San Pedro, Paraguay, circumscribed in the coordinates of latitude -23.74659 and longitude -57.02347, in the 2021/2022 production cycle. A randomized complete block design (RCBD) arranged in subdivided plots was used. The main plot corresponded to the irrigation system (with irrigation-by Pivot and without irrigation) and the secondary plot to the corn hybrids (Power Core Ultra 582, DKB 255, DKB 360 and DKB 290), with four repetitions. Each experimental unit (UE) had a dimension of 100 m2. The variables evaluated were plant height, ear insertion height, ear length and diameter, weight of 1000 grains and grain yield. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANAVA) and the means of the variables were compared by Tukey's test at 5% probability of error. The results obtained by the experiment indicate the efficiency of the system with irrigation in a significant way in the production of corn. Regarding the hybrids used, they generate a significant difference in the variables, being better values achieved in DKB 255 and DKB 360.

RESUMEN El artículo trata sobre el reconocimiento constitucional del matrimonio entre parejas del mismo sexo en Ecuador. Para ello estudia los contenidos fácticos, jurídicos e interpretativos de las sentencias 010-18-CN y 011-18-CN, expedidas por la Corte Constitucional de Ecuador. Resalta al respecto la importancia que suponen las decisiones constitucionales que plantean una transformación en la interpretación constitucional, la cual tradicionalmente había adjudicado respuestas jurídicas, ya fuera a casos fáciles o difíciles, sobre la base de una interpretación literal. Propone así, en lugar de esta última, una construcción progresiva de la toma de decisiones constitucionales desde una dimensión dinámica e integral que atienda efectivamente a la Constitución y los instrumentos internacionales de derechos humanos. Finalmente, el estudio muestra los desacuerdos interpretativos atinentes a los casos examinados, analizando las razones por las cuales se reconoció este derecho vía control de constitucionalidad y no a través de una reforma a la Constitución.

ABSTRACT The article is about the constitutional recognition of same-sex marriage in Ecuador. Study, in this sense, the factual, legal and interpretative contents developed by sentences 010-18-CN and 011-18-CN, issued by the Constitutional Court of Ecuador. Thus, the importance of constitutional decisions that pose a transformation in constitutional interpretation, which has traditionally been adjudicating legal responses to easy or difficult cases from the literal interpretation, and instead proposes, a progressive construction of the decisionmaking process is highlighted. Constitutional decisions, from a dynamic and integral dimension based on the Constitution and the International Human Rights Instruments. Finally, the study shows the interpretative disagreements pertaining to the case, analyzing the reasons why this right was recognized via constitutionality control and not through amendment of the Constitution.

Abstract This research article aims to study the behaviour of expansion bolts under axial, shear and bending interaction of base plate connected cold formed steel storage racks. The uniaxial moment of rotation at the base plate connection was adopted to identify the ultimate moment of resistance and stiffness of the base plate connected to a concrete block using M10 grade anchor bolt at different range of axial loads ranging from 25% to 100% there by the design strength of upright profile was studied. The dimension of the upright and the base plate thickness has to be changed so that the extreme stability under various ranges of axial and transverse loads had been studied. Using finite element analysis software (Abaqus), a model has been created and designed to observe moment rotation characteristics, behaviour of base plate under simultaneous axial, shear and bending interactions and compared with experimental analysis. Comparative studies reveal that there was no failure in the concrete block and when the upright thickness increases, the stiffness and moment of the base plate increases despite having a similar cross section. An interaction equation was developed to find the stiffness and ultimate moment of resistance of the base plate connection.

ABSTRACT Jambu (Acmella oleracea (L.) R.K.) is a short-cycle leafy vegetable from the Amazon region, which needs an adequate availability of water and nutrients, mainly nitrogen, to obtain a rapid mass increase. This research aimed to study the effect of different soil-water stresses and nitrogen doses on jambu cultivation in the state of Pará. The experiments were conducted at the Igarapé-Açu experimental farm of the Federal Rural University of Amazonia (UFRA). The Jamburana variety was used in a 10 × 10 cm spacing, using a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 factorial scheme with three replications. Each plot had a dimension of 0.4 × 0.5 m (0.2 m2), totaling 20 plants in 4 rows, but only the plants of the central rows were useful. Treatments consisted of four soil-water stresses (12, 18, 24, and 30 kPa) as an indication of the irrigation time (critical stress), using drip irrigation, and four nitrogen doses (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1). The use of soil-water stress of 12 kPa associated with nitrogen fertilization at a dose of 150 kg ha−1 is recommended for better development and production of jambu under the conditions this experiment was conducted.

Resumen Girardia sp. (Dugesiidae) constituye un modelo biológico útil para evaluar el efecto positivo de diferentes sustancias en los procesos regenerativos, al poseer una alta capacidad de regeneración, motivo por el cual la presente investigación determinó el efecto de diferentes concentraciones de nanopartículas de cobre sobre dicha capacidad evaluando el tiempo de formación del individuo completo tras diferentes cortes realizados en los ejemplares de Girardia sp. Se empleó la técnica de ablación láser pulsada en medio líquido para la obtención de las nanopartículas y su posterior caracterización involucró el uso de microscopio electrónico para la determinación de la dimensión y forma de las mismas. Se realizó un Diseño experimental en bloques completamente aleatorizado, donde los siete tipos de fragmentos producto de cortes transversal, doble transversal y longitudinal constituyeron los bloques y las tres concentraciones de nanopartículas de cobre (0,225ppm, 0.450ppm, 0,900ppm) además de un testigo (0ppm) hicieron el papel de tratamientos. Al realizar las evaluaciones se encontró que el tratamiento con la concentración más alta (T4: 0,900ppm) produjo una mayor reducción del tiempo de formación del individuo completo en cada uno de los diferentes tipos de fragmentos, siendo el fragmento superior (Bloque I) el que mostró mayor diferencia de horas frente al testigo (215.2 a 220.2 horas). Se concluyó que a mayor concentración de nanopartículas en las concentraciones evaluadas el proceso de regeneración se reduce.

Abstract Girardia sp. (Dugesiidae) constitutes a useful biological model to evaluate the positive effect of different substances in the regenerative processes, as it has a high regeneration capacity, which is why this research determined the effect of different concentrations of copper nanoparticles on this capacity, evaluating the time of formation of the complete individual after different cuts made in the Girardia sp. The technique of pulsed laser ablation in liquid medium was used to obtain the nanoparticles and its subsequent characterization involved the use of electronic microscope to determine their size and shape. An experimental design was carried out in completely randomized blocks, where the seven types of fragments product of transverse, double transverse and longitudinal cuts constituted the blocks and the three concentrations of copper nanoparticles (0.225ppm, 0.450ppm, 0.900ppm) in addition to a witness (0ppm) played the role of treatments. During the evaluations it was found that the treatment with the highest concentration (T4: 0.900ppm) produced a greater reduction in the time of formation of the complete individual in each of the different types of fragments, being the superior fragment (Block I) the one that showed greater difference of hours in front of the control (215.2 to 220.2 hours). It was concluded that the higher the concentration of nanoparticles in the evaluated concentrations the regeneration process is reduced.

This work analyzes the effect of Cu additions on the microstructure of quaternary alloys Al-6Si-7Mg-xCu (x= 3, 5 and 7 wt.%) produced by conventional metallurgy. Microstructural modifications were studied using Optical Microscopy (OM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), focusing on second phases identification and quantification. Conventional image analyses were developed measuring the total percentage of second phases, and individually for each phase determining its equivalent diameter, shape factor, roundness and aspect ratio; while fractal analyses were carried out complementarily through fractal dimension measurements for the whole microstructure and for individual phases. Compression tests were also carried out. SEM and XRD results revealed that second phases were eutectic Si, Mg2Si, Al2Cu and Al5Cu2Mg8Si6 (Q). The increase in Cu content led to higher quantities of these phases, mainly Al2Cu, which was barely present for the alloy with the lowest Cu content. Morphologies of second phases depended on Cu content, being present as eutectic, block like, finely dispersed or primary particles. The combination of conventional and fractal parameters provided a useful tool for comparatively analyze microstructural modifications and second phases features. It was also found that the compressive behavior of the alloys depended on the resulting microstructures.

Resumo Com objetivo de contribuir com o melhor entendimento do comportamento de vigas de alvenaria estrutural armada, foi realizado o estudo experimental de vigas de alvenaria armada com blocos de concreto. Essas foram projetadas para ruptura à flexão, sendo analisando o modo de fissuração, a flecha, o momento fletor último, a deformação por encurtamento médio último da alvenaria na compressão simples e na flexão. Foi desenvolvido um programa experimental no qual foram ensaiadas, à flexão simples, 12 vigas de alvenaria estrutural armada confeccionadas com canaletas e blocos de concreto. Para comparação entre resistência à compressão da alvenaria paralela e perpendicular às juntas horizontais, foram confeccionados e ensaiados dois tipos de prismas; 4 prismas grauteados, confeccionados com a maior dimensão dos blocos na vertical, simulando a ocorrência das tensões de compressão nas vigas (paralelas às juntas horizontais), e 4 prismas convencionais grauteados. Resultados mostraram que, em média, a resistência à compressão da alvenaria paralela às juntas horizontais foi 25% menor comparada com a outra direção (perpendicular às juntas horizontais). Houve um aumento significativo da rigidez das vigas devido à inserção de mais uma fiada. O modelo utilizado para o cálculo do momento fletor último conduziu a valores próximos dos experimentais (diferença de aproximadamente 15%). E em média, o encurtamento último da alvenaria na compressão simples foi 50% menor do que na flexão.

Abstract An experimental program on reinforced concrete masonry beams was conducted aiming to better understand the behavior of reinforced masonry beams. The beams were designed to fail in flexure, assessing cracking patterns, maximum displacement, ultimate bending moment, and maximum flexural and axial compression strain. The experimental program included 12 reinforced masonry beam tested under flexure and built with bond-beam and hollow concrete blocks. Also, two type of prism were built and tested; one type stacked into the block greater dimension allowing testing with compression in the same direction as in the beams; and the second type as standard grouted prisms. Results indicate an average masonry compression strength parallel to bed joint 25% lower than the masonry compression strength in the other direction (perpendicular to bed joints). There was a significant increase on the beam stiffness due to the construction of one more block course. The model used to calculate the ultimate bending moment led to values close to the experimental result (difference of about 15%). Finally, the ultimate average shortening strain of masonry at axial compression was 50% lower than at flexural compression.

Resumen Los sistemas de adquisición de información espacio - angular en 4D o campos de luz, han avanzado en la última década debido a la inclusión de aperturas codificadas en el camino óptico del sistema. Dichas aperturas, modulan la luz codificando la información antes de ser capturada. Tradicionalmente, estas aperturas codificadas son aperturas binarias, es decir, bloquean o dejan pasar los rayos de luz en la dimensión espacial haciendo que se capture información dispersa de la escena. En este trabajo, se reemplazan las aperturas binarias por aperturas codificadas de color, que además de modular la luz espacialmente lo hacen espectralmente. De esta forma, es posible adquirir campos de luz en múltiples longitudes de onda y aumentar su resolución espectral. La importancia de obtener información en el espectro radica en que es posible capturar características que no están presentes en el rango visible del espectro electromagnético. En este artículo, se propone un algoritmo que simula la adquisición de una imagen de campo de luz usando aperturas codificadas de color. El sistema propuesto aprovecha la redundancia de información que se presenta en la escena basándose en la teoría del muestreo compresivo, así, solo se captura una señal dispersa de la escena. La imagen multidimensional es recuperada a partir de dicha señal mediante un algoritmo de reconstrucción. Los resultados de simulación muestran la calidad de reconstrucción del campo de luz multiespectral. La calidad de las reconstrucciones obtenidas es de alrededor de 25 dB en PSNR.

Abstract In the last decade, spatio - angular (light field) acquisition systems have advanced due to the inclusion of coded apertures in the optical path. These coded apertures, modulate the light, encoding the information before being captured. Traditionally, these coded apertures are binary, i.e. block and unblock the light rays in the spatial dimension, capturing sparse information of the scene. In this work, the binary coded aperture is replaced by a colored coded aperture which modulates the source not only spatially but spectrally. Thereby, it is possible to capture light fields in multiple wavelengths yielding high spectral resolution. The spectral information provides many features of a scene in different wavelengths, these features are not present in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, an algorithm that simulates the light field sampling with colored coded apertures is proposed. The proposed algorithm, exploits the redundant information of the scene based on the compressive sensing theory thus, capturing just a sparse signal. The multidimensional image can be recovered from the underlying signal through a reconstruction algorithm. Several simulations show the quality of the multispectral light field reconstructions. The PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) values obtained for the reconstructions are around 25 dB.

Entre los limitantes del cultivo de ñame con destino al mercado de exportación, se encuentran los bajos rendimientos por unidad de superficie y la producción de tubérculos deformes y de gran tamaño que son rechazados por este mercado, ocasionando grandes pérdidas al pequeño productor. Con el fin de incrementar la competitividad de ñame tipo exportación, se evaluó el efecto de la densidad poblacional sobre el rendimiento de ñame espino cv. Brasilero. En la granja experimental de la Universidad de Córdoba se estableció un experimento bajo un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con tres repeticiones en las siguientes densidades de población (tratamientos): 10.101, 22.727, 30.303 y 45.454 plantas/ha, donde el primer tratamiento correspondió a la densidad poblacional usada por los productores (testigo). En cada tratamiento se evaluaron los componentes de rendimiento: número, forma, peso, dimensión y producción de tubérculos tipo exportación y no exportación; asimismo, se realizó un análisis económico de los tratamientos para evaluar su impacto de adopción. La producción tipo exportación se incrementó con el aumento de la densidad de población, alcanzando el máximo rendimiento con 30.303 plantas/ha, superando al testigo en 197,75%; siendo esta misma población la de mayor rentabilidad con 116,67%. La forma, peso y dimensión de los tubérculos no fueron afectados por la densidad de población, donde la forma cilíndrica fue la más frecuente. Se concluye que el aumento poblacional de ñame espino cv. Brasilero respondió significativamente al triplicar el número de tubérculos tipo exportación por área de siembra, al igual que su rentabilidad.

The limitations for yam crops destined for the export market include low yields per unit area and the production of deformed and overly large tubers that are rejected by the market, causing huge losses for small farmers. In order to increase the export competitiveness of yams, the effect of population density on the yield of white yams (D. rotundata cv. Brasilero) was evaluated. On the experimental farm of the Universidad de Córdoba, an experiment was conducted with a randomized complete block design and three replications using the following densities (treatments): 10,101; 22,727; 30,303 and 45,454 plants/ha, where the first treatment corresponded to the density used by producers (control). The following yield components were evaluated each time: number, shape, weight, size and production of export-type and non-export-type tubers. In addition, an economic analysis of the treatments was carried out to assess the impact of adoption. The export-type production increased as the population density increased, achieving the maximum yield with 30,303 plants/ ha, surpassing the control by 197.75%; this population was also the most profitable, 116.67%. The shape, weight and size of the tubers were not affected by the population density; the cylindrical shape was the most frequent. It was concluded that the white yam cv. Brasilero population increase significantly influenced the number of export-type tubers per hectare, tripling the number, as well as increasing profitability.

Para establecer posibles relaciones entre indicadores estadísticos en los modelos de análisis de varianza paramétrico y no paramétrico, correspondientes a los diseños completamente aleatorizados y de bloques al azar, se utilizó el análisis de componentes principales categóricos por ser estos cuantitativos y cualitativos. Se seleccionaron los modelos de análisis de varianza de clasificación simple, con dieciséis experimentos, y doble con cinco. Se analizaron en total 100 variables de tipos discretas y categóricas. Con los indicadores de los diseños completamente aleatorizados y su homólogo no paramétrico, la dócima de Kruskal-Wallis, y el de modelo de bloques al azar con su homólogo no paramétrico, la dócima de Friedman, se conformó una matriz de datos. El análisis de componentes principales categóricos mostró adecuada fiabilidad y porcentaje de variabilidad explicada con 0.94. Los indicadores con mayor peso en la primera dimensión se encuentran relacionados con la probabilidad de error tipo I y la potencia, que presentaron valores absolutos cercanos a uno, que permiten determinar el aporte de los mismos en el estudio. Los resultados evidenciaron las relaciones que existen entre los indicadores estadísticos analizados, a partir del alto grado de correlación positiva por encima de 0.90 entre los valores de probabilidad de error tipo I en la dócima F de Fisher (sin transformación y con ella) y la dócima homóloga no paramétrica, así como de las altas correlaciones negativas que existen entre 0.8 y 0.93 aproximadamente de estos con los valores de potencia (sin y con transformación de los datos). Se considera oportuno continuar el análisis para diferentes distribuciones de datos y tamaños de muestras

In order to establish possible relations among statistical indicators in models of parametric and non-parametric analysis of variance, belonging to completely randomized and random block experimental designs, the categorical principal component analysis was used because they are quantitative and qualitative. The models of analysis of variance of simple classification, with 16 experiments, were selected, as well as those of double classification with five experiments. An amount of 100 discrete and categorical variables were analyzed. A matrix of data was designed using the indicators of completely randomized designs and the test of Kruskal-Wallis, which is its non-parametric homologue, the model of random blocks with its non-parametric homologue, and the test of Friedman. The categorical principal component analysis showed adequate reliability and a variability percentage explained with 0.94. The indicators with more importance in the first dimension are related to probability of type I error and power, showing absolute values close to one and allowing to determine their contribution in this study. The results evidenced the existing relations among the analyzed statistical indicators, from the high degree of positive correlation over 0.90 among the values of probability of type I error in the F test of Fisher (with and without transformation) and its non-parametric homologue test, as well as the high negative correlations, existing between around 0.8 and 0.93 of them with values of power (with or without data transformation). It is necessary to continue the analysis for different data distributions and sample sizes

Apresenta-se a utilização e adaptação de uma escala para avaliar atitudes, emoções e crenças dos estudantes sobre competência deles em matemática, assim como a autovalorização relativa ao sucesso/fracasso acadêmico nessa disciplina curricular. A mostra está composta por n=1154 estudantes chilenos de ensino secundário. Resultados dão conta de que a capacidade do fator de bloqueio emocional diante das tarefas matemáticas como dimensão explicativa sobre o êxito ou fracasso diante das tarefas, não confirmam nem a dimensão da autoconfiança nem da chamada resiliência. Resultados são discutidos em relação à literatura sobre o papel das atitudes e predisposição diante da aprendizagem desta disciplina curricular. Além disso, discute-se, também, a necessidade educativa de prestar atenção em fatores emocionais nesta área do currículo escolar na Educação chilena.

This study presents the use and adaptation of a scale that assesses both students' personal attitudes, emotions and beliefs regarding their mathematics competencies as well as students' self-appraisal regarding their success or academic failure in Mathematics as a curriculum discipline. The sample is composed of n=1154 secondary Chilean students. The results show that the factor "emotional block" is a relevant explanatory dimension regarding success or failure in mathematical tasks; on the other hand, the dimensions self-confidence and resilience were not found to be explanatory factors for success or failure in mathematics. The results are discussed in relation to the literature on the role of attitude and predisposition towards learning for this curriculum discipline. Additionally, the educational need to pay attention to emotional factors in this area of the Chilean educational curriculum is also discussed in this article.

Este estudio presenta la utilización y adaptación de una escala para evaluar las actitudes, emociones y creencias de los estudiantes sobre su competencia en matemáticas, así como también la autovaloración respecto de su éxito/fracaso académico en la disciplina curricular de Matemáticas. La muestra está compuesta por n= 1154 estudiantes chilenos de enseñanza secundaria. Los resultados dan cuenta de la capacidad del factor de bloqueo emocional ante las tareas matemáticas como dimensión explicativa sobre el éxito o fracaso ante dichas tareas, pero no confirman ni la dimensión de autoconfianza ni la llamada resiliencia, como factores relevantes para dicha explicación. Los resultados se discuten en relación con la literatura sobre el papel de las actitudes y predisposición ante el aprendizaje de esta disciplina curricular. Además, se discute también la necesidad educativa de prestar atención a los factores emocionales en esta área del curriculum escolar de la Educación chilena.