Resumo As florestas ribeirinhas são ecossistemas únicos e altamente significativos que são globalmente importantes para diversas espécies de aves ameaçadas de extinção. Além de serem o berço da vida, também servem como um conjunto genético que abriga uma variedade de espécies da flora e da fauna. Apesar disso, esse frágil ecossistema abrigava um conjunto de aves, mas agora está desaparecendo diariamente como resultado da atividade humana. Determinar a produtividade do hábitat usando espécies de pássaros é fundamental para a conservação e melhor gestão no futuro. Vários levantamentos foram realizados ao longo de um período de 15 meses, de janeiro de 2018 a março de 2019, por meio do método de contagem de pontos de amostragem de distância. Foram fixadas sistematicamente 250 estações de contagem de pontos em intervalos de 300 m. No total, foram registrados 9.929 indivíduos de aves, representando 57 espécies e 34 famílias. Das 57 espécies de aves, duas eram vulneráveis, uma tinha dados insuficientes, uma estava quase ameaçada e as 53 espécies restantes eram as menos preocupantes. O: Pomba de colar euroasiática - Streptopelia decaocto (14.641 ± 2.532/ha), o Bulbul de orelha branca - Pycnonotus leucotis (13.398 ± 4.342/ha) e Tagarela comum - Turdoides caudata (10.244 ± 2.345/ha) foram as três primeiras espécies abundantes com maiores densidades. No entanto, as densidades de três espécies, Papa-amoras-cinzento (Sylvia curruca), Garça-real-europeia (Ardea cinerea) e Águia-pescadora de Pallas (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), não foram analisadas por causa do pequeno tamanho da amostra. Os resultados dos índices de diversidade revelaram que a floresta ribeirinha abrigou diversas espécies de aves que estão uniformemente dispersas pela floresta. Além disso, o registro das dez guildas de forrageamento indicou que a floresta ribeirinha é rica em recursos alimentares. Além disso, os resultados do índice de valor de importância da estrutura florística indicaram que a floresta ribeirinha é variada e rica em flora, ou seja, árvores, arbustos, ervas daninhas e grama, tornando-a um hábitat atraente e produtivo para espécies de aves.

Abstract Riverine forests are unique and highly significant ecosystems that are globally important for diverse and threatened avian species. Apart from being a cradle of life, it also serves as a gene pool that harbors a variety of flora and fauna species (repeated below). Despite the fact, this fragile ecosystem harbored avian assemblages; it is now disappearing daily as a result of human activity. Determining habitat productivity using bird species is critical for conservation and better management in the future. Multiple surveys were conducted over a 15-month period, from January to March 2019, using the distance sampling point count method. A total of 250 point count stations were fixed systematically at 300 m intervals. In total, 9929 bird individuals were recorded, representing 57 species and 34 families. Out of 57 bird species, two were vulnerable, one was data deficient, one was nearly threatened, and the remaining 53 species were of least concern. The Eurasian Collard Dove – Streptopelia decaocto (14.641 ± 2.532/ha), White-eared Bulbul – Pycnonotus leucotis (13.398 ± 4.342/ha) and Common Babbler – Turdoides caudata (10.244 ± 2.345/ha) were the three first plenteous species having higher densities. However, the densities of three species, i.e., Lesser Whitethroat – Sylvia curruca, Gray Heron – Ardea cinerea and Pallas Fish Eagle – Haliaeetus leucoryphus, were not analyzed due to the small sample size. The findings of diversity indices revealed that riverine forest has harbored the diverse avian species that are uniformly dispersed across the forest. Moreover, recording the ten foraging guilds indicated that riverine forest is rich in food resources. In addition, the floristic structure importance value index results indicated that riverine forest is diverse and rich in flora, i.e. trees, shrubs, weeds and grass, making it an attractive and productive habitat for bird species.

ABSTRACT The order Strigiformes contains approximately 250 owl species distributed worldwide, and the majority of them live in forests. Although basic information is available on many owls, few have been studied in-depth; consequently, little is known about the role of vegetation in their lives. This study aimed to investigate Strigiformes in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest using point count surveys conducted from January 2018 to De-cember 2019. Twelve points were sampled for 30 min/month, totaling 144 h. Data on vegetation structure were collected for analysis. The numbers of individuals and species were then estimated. Twenty-six individuals of four species were recorded: 12 Strix virgata, 6 Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, 5 Megascops atricapilla, and 3 Megascops choliba. Strix virgata was associated with sites with typical mature forest characteristics, although it tolerated variation in some parameters (e.g., average canopy height). Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana was a generalist in terms of habitat characteristics, even when using edge areas. Megascops choliba was scarce within the sampled area and seemed to avoid mature forest. Megascops atricapilla occurred from sites with a lower canopy to more mature forest areas. Altogether, this study highlighted the importance of conserving forest fragments in the Atlantic Forest, which harbors considerable biodiversity, especially of owls.

RESUMEN El Orden Strigiformes contiene aproximadamente 250 especies de búhos distribuidas en el mundo, y la mayoría viven en bosques. Aunque se dispone de información básica sobre muchos búhos, pocos han sido estudiados en profundidad; en consecuencia, se sabe poco sobre el papel que juega la vegetación en sus vidas. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar las especies de Strigiformes en un fragmento de la Mata Atlántica. Los recuentos de puntos se realizaron desde enero de 2018 hasta diciembre de 2019; se muestrearon doce puntos durante 30 min/mes, totalizando 144 h. Se recopilaron datos sobre la estructura de la vegetación para su análisis. Luego se estimó el número y las especies presentes. Se registraron 26 individuos de 4 especies: 12 Strix virgata, 6 Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, 5 Megascops atricapilla y 3 Megascops choliba. Strix virgata se asoció a sitios de características típicas de bosques maduros, aunque tuvo tolerancia en la variación de algunos parámetros (p. ej., altura media del dosel). Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana fue generalista en las características del hábitat, incluso cuando utilizó áreas de borde. Megascops choliba fue escaso dentro del área de muestreo y pareció evitar el bosque maduro. Megascops atricapilla se asoció desde sitios con un dosel más bajo hasta áreas de bosques más maduros. En conjunto, este estudio destacó la importancia de conservar fragmentos de bosque en el Bosque Atlántico, que alberga una biodiversidad considerable, especialmente de búhos.

Resumen. En la perspectiva ambiental del nuevo milenio, los sistemas indígenas de conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad son de gran relevancia en la construcción de nuevas estrategias para asegurar la conservación de este patrimonio natural. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue documentar el conocimiento morfo-anatómico de las aves por indígenas mayas yucatecos. Trabajamos en el estado de Campeche con seis comunidades mayas: Santa Cruz, Nunkiní, San Antonio Sahcabchen, Villa de Guadalupe, Pich y Chencoh en el periodo de 2010 a 2015. A partir de 240 entrevistas estructuradas, registramos la terminología de la anatomía y morfología reconocida para las aves. Obtuvimos el nominativo Ch´íich´ para designar a las aves en general, siendo la presencia de Koj (pico), K´u´uk´umel (plumaje) y Xiik´ (alas) los caracteres esenciales que se usan para definir y clasificar a este grupo animal. El sistema maya reconoce y nombra 54 órganos anatómicos y 16 estructuras morfológicas, por lo que a nivel nacional representa una de las nomenclaturas indígenas más completas para la clase Aves. El registro de una amplia nomenclatura morfo-anatómica tiene una alta importancia en la estructura perceptual como diferenciadora e identificadora de un dominio animal. Asimismo, constituye una aportación diagnóstica del nivel cognoscitivo e interacción que aún tienen los indígenas mayas con la avifauna y la diversidad faunística en general, lo cual les ha permitido generar una gama de conocimientos detallados de sus hábitos y biología general.

Abstract. In the environmental perspective of the new millennium, indigenous systems of knowledge and use of biodiversity provide valuable input for the construction of natural heritage conservation strategies. Our study aimed to document the morpho-anatomical knowledge of birds by the indigenous Yucatan Maya. From 2010 to 2015, we carried out 240 structured interviews, recording anatomical and morphological terminology recognized for birds in six Maya communities in Campeche: Santa Cruz, Nunkiní, San Antonio Sahcabchen, Villa de Guadalupe, Pich and Chencoh. We found that birds in general were given the name Ch’ijch’, with the presence of Koj (beak), Koj (beak), K ́u ́uk ́umel (feathers), and Xiik ́ (wings) being essential characters used to define and classify this animal group. The Mayan system recognizes and names 54 anatomical organs and 16 morphological structures, making it one of the most complete indigenous nomenclatures of the class Aves nationally. This record of a broad morpho-anatomical nomenclature is of high importance in the perceptual structure as a differentiator and identifier of an animal domain. Furthermore, it offers a diagnostic of the cognitive level regarding this domain and indicates an ongoing high interaction between Mayan indigenous people and their avifauna, and faunal diversity in general, which has enabled them to generate detailed biological and habitat-related knowledge.

Summary: The Reserve for Park San Rafael (Itapúa and Caazapá Departments) is one of the last large remnants of BAAPA and is the biggest conservation priority at the national level since it contains the country’s highest bird species richness. The objective was to analyze the richness and composition of birds in forest fragments and its areas of influence of soy agricultural areas at Reserve for Park San Rafael, utilizing the methods of MacKinnon 10 species list, during 8 periods between November 2017 and February 2020. 177 bird species, belonging to 47 families and 19 orders were registered. Of these, 114 have been registered in 27 lists for forest environments and 134 species in 69 lists in productive zones. 31 of these species are endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Alto Parana, including the vinaceous-breasted parrot Amazona vinacea (endangered at the international level) and the southern bristle tyrant Phylloscartes eximius (Near-Threatened). At the national level, 28 endemic species are threatened with extinction at the national level. Bird species exclusive to the forest zone and species exclusive to the productive zone were recorded, resulting in a 63.27% complementarity. Despite the changes in land use to which the study area is subjected, a great diversity of birds was recorded, highlighting the high number of endemic and threatened species at the national and international level, both in the sites sampled within the reserve. and its buffer zone. These data contribute to knowledge and highlight the importance of these remnants for the conservation of birds.

Resumen: La Reserva para Parque Nacional San Rafael (Departamento de Itapúa y Caazapá) es uno de los últimos remanentes grandes de BAAPA, y la mayor prioridad de conservación a nivel nacional, ya que contiene la mayor riqueza de aves del país. El objetivo fue analizar la riqueza y composición de aves en los fragmentos boscosos y sus áreas de influencia de los sitios con agricultura de soja de la Reserva para Parque Nacional San Rafael, utilizando la metodología de Listas de 10 especies de MacKinnon, en ocho períodos entre noviembre 2017 y febrero de 2020. Se identificaron 177 especies de aves pertenecientes a 47 Familias, y 19 Órdenes, de las cuales 114 han sido registradas en 27 listas en ambientes de bosques y 134 especies en 69 listas en la zona productiva. Del total de las especies, 31 son endémicas del Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná, incluyendo al Loro vinoso Amazona vinacea (en peligro de extinción a nivel mundial) y la Mosqueta Media Luna Phylloscartes eximius (Casi-Amenazada). A nivel nacional, 28 especies endémicas están amenazadas de extinción a nivel nacional. Se registraron especies de aves exclusivas para la zona de bosque, y especies exclusivas para la zona productiva, dando como resultado un 63,27 % de complementariedad. A pesar de los cambios de uso de tierra al cual se encuentra sometido el área de estudio, se registraron una gran diversidad de aves destacando el elevado número de especies endémicas y amenazadas a nivel nacional e internacional, tanto en los sitios muestreados dentro de la reserva y su zona de amortiguamiento. Estos datos contribuyen al conocimiento y realzan la importancia de estos remanentes para la conservación de las aves.

ABSTRACT Brazil is home to many mountain ranges which harbor diverse avifauna. However, studies on the altitudinal distribution of Brazilian birds are still few and many have never been published, hampering both the dissemination of basic information and conservation actions. Here we present a critical review of ornithological studies undertaken in Brazilian mountain ranges, and propose a classification of geographic scope, altitudinal gradient, and methodology. Since 1922, 184 ornithological studies included altitude in some way in Brazil, encompassing a variety of research topics and species. About a quarter of these studies were never published in peer-reviewed journals, and 39% do not provide basic data on elevation nor link the bird species with sampling plots, thus limiting their applicability. The majority of studies are concentrated (83%) in southern and southeastern Brazil, especially in the Serra do Mar range, and so most data are associated with the Atlantic Forest. Gaps remain in other regions, such as Amazonia (Pantepui region). Most studies either did not sample the entire elevation gradient, were not standardized, lacked explicit hypothesis, or did not account for a seasonal sampling embracing the four seasons of the year, so interpretation of the observed patterns remains difficult. With this compilation, we organize the available information and point to future altitudinal research on birds, in addition to highlighting the importance of preserving habitats along altitudinal gradients in the mountainous regions in Brazil.

Abstract Amazonian várzeas are annually flooded for at least five months, which influences the occurence of waterbirds. This study investigates the species richness and composition, and individual abundance of waterbird assemblages in 10 várzea lakes on the lower Amazon River across a seasonal cycle. A total of 7,970 birds belonging to 52 species were recorded. Of these, 25 species were present in all four phases of the cycle, 5 in three phases, 10 in two and 12 during just one phase. Families with the highest species richness were Ardeidae and Scolopacidae. In the dry season, we recorded the highest species richness and the highest total abundance values. Thirteen species showed variation in abundance across the seasonal cycle, most being more abundant in the dry season Variation in species richness, abundance, and composition suggests that research on waterbird assemblages in Amazonian várzeas should consider all phases of the seasonal cycle. Furthermore, the occurrence of several migratory species demonstrates the importance of this region for the conservation of this group. Multi-year monitoring would contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of Amazonian várzea waterbird assemblages.

Abstract Knowledge about the selection of nesting sites in birds of prey is essential to carry out any management of a population for its conservation. The golden eagle generally chooses rock walls to nest, and this selection is influenced by the natural and anthropic characteristics of the landscape. In Mexico, studying the golden eagle is important because it has a cultural value as a patriotic symbol and biological role regulating its prey populations. In addition, it is listed under the Official Mexican Norm 059-SEMARNAT-2010 in the category of threatened and there is little published scientific information on its ecology and biology in the country. Therefore, this study determined the habitat variables that influence the selection patterns of golden eagle nesting sites in Janos, Chihuahua; for which nesting sites and sites with similar characteristics without the presence of the golden eagle were located for its characterization. The obtained data was analyzed through generalized linear models, taking the presence and absence of nests as the response variable and the habitat characteristics of the sites as predictor variables. Fifteen nesting sites and sixteen sites without nests were located. Of 15 variables measured, there was only a statistically significant difference in the height of the rock walls (W = 44.5, p = 0.003001). The model with the best fit had an AICc value of 20.6, explaining 68% of the variability of the data and includes the variables of height of the rock walls and the roughness of the terrain, the latter being statistically significant (p = 0.0279). Terrain roughness was present in four of the top five candidate models reflecting the importance of topography for nest site selection that can provide isolation from disturbance for eagles.

Resumen El conocimiento sobre la selección de sitios de anidación en aves rapaces es uno de los factores críticos para realizar cualquier manejo de una población para su conservación. El águila real generalmente elige paredes de roca para anidar, y esta selección está influenciada por las características naturales y antrópicas del paisaje. En México el estudio del águila real es importante debido a que tiene un valor cultural por ser un símbolo patrio y biológico por regular las poblaciones de sus presas, además, se encuentra listada en la Norma Oficial Mexicana 059-SEMARNAT-2010 en la categoría de amenazada y existe escasa información científica publicada sobre su ecología y biología en nuestro país. Por ello, se elaboró un estudio que determinó las variables de hábitat que influyen en los patrones de selección de sitios de anidación del águila real en Janos, Chihuahua. Se buscaron sitios de anidación de águila real y sitios semejantes sin presencia de la especie para tomar los datos de dichas variables; con esta información se analizaron los datos a través de modelos lineales generalizados, tomando como variable de respuesta la presencia y ausencia de nidos y las características del hábitat de los sitios como variables predictoras. Se localizaron 15 sitios de anidación y 16 sitios sin nidos; de 15 variables medidas solo existió diferencia estadística significativa en la altura de las paredes de roca (W = 44.5, p = 0.003001). El modelo con mejor ajuste tuvo un valor de AICc de 20.6, explicando el 68% de la variabilidad de los datos e incluye las variables de altura de las paredes de roca y la rugosidad del terreno, siendo esta última estadísticamente significativa (p =0.0279). La rugosidad del terreno y la altura de la pared de la roca que se presentaron en el mejor modelo reflejando la importancia de la topografía para la selección de sitios de anidación que puede proporcionar aislamiento de perturbaciones para las águilas.

RESUMEN Introducción: Los manglares y las zonas costeras son de vital importancia para la conservación de muchas aves migratorias a las que brindan alimento y refugio, entre ellas el zarapito trinador, Numenius phaeopus, que se detiene en Panamá en una migración hacia el sur y, unos meses después, en una migración hacia el norte. Objetivo: Evaluar la hipótesis de que el ave utiliza diferentes comportamientos de alimentación en la migración hacia el sur y hacia el norte. Métodos: En 2018, medimos el tiempo que las aves dedicaron a picotear exploratoriamente, pararse, caminar, correr y comer, en abril-junio y octubre-noviembre (3-5 días cada mes, N=56 aves). Resultados: En ambas paradas, las aves dedican el mismo tiempo promedio a esas las actividades, en las que predomina la caminata (50% del tiempo relacionado con la alimentación). Conclusión: Esta especie distribuye su tiempo de alimentación de manera similar en ambas paradas en Panamá.

ABSTRACT ''Compared feeding behavior of the bird Numenius phaeopus (Charadriiformes: Scolopacidae) in its northbound and southbound migrations through Panama''. Introduction: Mangroves and coastal areas are of vital importance for the conservation of many migratory birds for which they provide food and refuge, including the Eurasian whimbrel, Numenius phaeopus, which stops in Panama in a southbound, and, a few months later, in a northbound migration. Objective: To evaluate the hypothesis that the bird uses different feeding behaviors in the southbound and the northbound migration. Methods: In 2018 we measured the time that the birds spent in exploratory pecking, standing, walking, running, and eating, in April-June, and October-November (3-5 days each month, N=56 birds). Results: In both stops, the birds spend the same mean time in all activities, which are dominated by walking (50% of food-related time). Conclusion: This species allocates its feeding time similarly in both stops at Panama.

RESUMEN En México, los matorrales ocupan el 29.7 % (576,747 km²) de la superficie del país. Estas áreas fungen como refugio de la avifauna. A pesar de su importancia, se desconoce la abundancia y composición avifaunística que pueden llegar a albergar, en específico, el matorral submontano. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: 1) describir la composición avifaunística del matorral submontano de la parte noroeste de Tamaulipas, México, en términos de riqueza, abundancia y diversidad, 2) analizar los gremios tróficos que se presentan en el matorral en función de la variación estacional y 3) conocer los estatus de conservación y endemismos de las especies de aves. Para ello, se realizaron 12 visitas mensuales de febrero de 2019 a enero de 2020, en las que se identificaron 1,858 individuos pertenecientes a 12 órdenes, 26 familias y 93 especies. Las familias de mayor riqueza fueron Cardinalidae y Parulidae. La estación del año más diversa fue la primavera (H’= 3.68). Se identificaron dos especies en peligro de extinción a nivel global y dos endemismos para México. Además, se reportan tres especies no registradas previamente en la región. El presente trabajo, es el primero que reporta la composición y riqueza de aves para la parte noroeste de Tamaulipas, México. Resalta la importancia del matorral submontano como refugio para las aves migratorias y residentes, y se contribuye al conocimiento de la diversidad regional.

ABSTRACT In Mexico, scrub habitat occupies 29.7 % (576,747 km²) of the country's surface. These areas serve as refuges for birds. However, despite their importance, the abundance and composition of birds are unknown, especially in the submontane scrub. The objectives of this work are: 1) to describe the avifaunal composition of the submontane scrub of the northwestern part of Tamaulipas, Mexico, in terms of richness, abundance, and diversity; 2) to analyze the trophic guilds that occur in the scrub as a function of seasonal variation; and 3) to determine the conservation status and endemism of bird species. For this, 12 monthly visits were made from February 2019 to January 2020, during which we identified 1,858 individuals belonging to 12 orders, 26 families, and 93 species. The richest families were Cardinalidae and Parulidae. While the most diverse season of the year was spring (H’= 3.68). Two globally endangered species and two endemic species were identified for Mexico. In addition, three species not previously recorded in the region are reported. This work is the first to report the composition and richness of birds for the northwestern part of Tamaulipas, Mexico. This highlights the importance of the submontane scrub as a refuge for migratory and resident birds. In addition, it contributes to the knowledge of regional diversity.

ABSTRACT The Delta of the Paraná River, one of the most important wetlands in South America, harbors subtropical and temperate bird species. Although this region is key for biodiversity conservation, aspects such as spe-cies composition and conservation status, and their relationship with vegetation types are poorly known. Here we described bird richness and composition of this area, with emphasis on the relationship between vegetation type and the presence of key bird species. We compiled systematic studies conducted during the 2007-2020 pe-riod and performed new surveys to elaborate a checklist of bird species and assess completeness. We reviewed a total of 12 studies distributed along five landscape units and nine vegetation types. We recorded 245 species, though the species accumulation curve indicates that the number of species could be even higher for the area. Most species were recorded in freshwater marshes, watercourses and grasslands in Entre Rios. We identified 14 (5.7%) threatened species (e.g., Spartonoica maluroides, Limnoctites rectirostris and Sporophilapalustris), most of them registered in grasslands and freshwater marshes. To our best knowledge, the list of species is the most comprehensive one for the area, showing that 23.7% of all bird species known for Argentina. Our results su-ggest the importance of freshwater marshes, watercourses and grasslands as key vegetation types for birds.

Resumen El delta del río Paraná, uno de los humedales más importantes de América del Sur, alberga especies de aves subtropicales y templadas. Si bien esta región es clave para la conservación de la biodiversidad, aspectos como la composición de especies presentes, el estado de conservación y su relación con los tipos de vegetación son poco conocidos. En este trabajo describimos la composición de aves del Bajo Delta del Río Paraná, relacionando la ubicación en el paisaje y el tipo de vegetación con la presencia de especies clave. Para elaborar una lista de especies de aves en el Bajo Delta y evaluar su integridad recopilamos estudios sistemáticos realizados durante 2007-2020 y realizamos nuevos muestreos. Revisamos un total de 12 estudios distribuidos a lo largo de cinco Unidades de paisaje y nueve tipos de vegetación. Registramos 245 especies, aunque la curva de acumulación de especies indica que el número de especies podría ser aún mayor para el área. El mayor número de especies se registraron en pajonales y juncales, cursos de agua y pastizales en Entre Ríos. Identificamos 14 (5.7%) especies en riesgo de extinción (por ejemplo, Spartonoica maluroides, Limnoctites rectirostris y Sporophila palustris), la mayoría de ellas registradas en pastizales y pajonales. La lista de especies que se presenta aquí es, a nuestro entender, la más completa para el área, mostrando que el 23.7% de todas las especies de aves conocidas para Argentina habitan en el Bajo Delta. Nuestros resultados sugieren la importancia de los pajonales y juncales, cursos de agua y pastizales como tipos de vegetación clave para las aves.

Abstract Bird censuses in Peru began in the early twentieth century with seabird censuses carried out by the Compañía Peruana del Guano and later by IMARPE. Between 1992 and 2016 annual censuses were carried out, in 61 wetlands, in 12 departments of Peru, recording a total of 151 species between resident and migratory. The censuses constitute a great contribution to the knowledge of waterbird species and to the synergies between institutions and ornithologists who, through volunteering, compile important information for species conservation and wetland management in the Andean slopes. The taxonomic composition of the species, the importance of censuses, the migration routes of birds from the Nearctic, southern and high Andean regions, and the protected areas in the conservation of wetlands and biodiversity are analyzed. The aim of this paper is to carry out a historical analysis of the censuses and their contribution to the knowledge of waterbirds carried out in the last three decades with special reference to the conservation of wetlands in the Andean slopes in Peru.

Resumen Los censos de aves en el Perú empezaron a principios del siglo XX con la realización de censos de aves marinas efectuados por la Compañía Peruana del Guano y después por el IMARPE. Entre 1992 y 2016 se realizaron censos anuales, en 61 humedales, en 12 departamentos del Perú, registrándose un total de 151 especies entre residentes y migratorias. Los censos constituyen un gran aporte al conocimiento de las especies de aves acuáticas y a las sinergias entre instituciones y ornitólogos que a través del voluntariado recopilan importante información para la conservación de especies y el manejo de humedales en las vertientes andinas. Se analiza la composición taxonómica de las especies, la importancia de los censos, las rutas de migración de las aves desde la región Neártica, Austral y altoandinas y las áreas protegidas en la conservación de los humedales y la biodiversidad. El objetivo del presente trabajo es efectuar un análisis histórico de los censos y su contribución al conocimiento de las aves acuáticas realizados en las tres últimas décadas con especial referencia a la conservación de los humedales en las vertientes andinas en el Perú.

ABSTRACT. Beak deformity occurs in several species of birds and can occur due to several factors, including those of congenital, traumatic and nutritional origin. Ramphastos toco, popularly known as toco toucan and tucanuçu in Portuguese, is the largest species of the genus and one of the most common species with beak deformities. Its diet is based on fleshy fruits, playing a role of great importance for the environment where it lives by contributing with seed dispersal. Although these deformities have been recorded in several species of birds around the world, they are rarely reported. Therefore, this work aims to present a case of beak deformity in Ramphastos toco, from the Humid Chaco of Paraguay. A free-living animal was observed during an ecological walk, together with its social group consisting of 8 toco toucans. With the aid of binoculars, it was possible to verify that the animal had a deformity in its rhinothek (horny lining of the maxilla) and that, apparently, it was healthy and able to feed. Records, such as the one in this report, are important for ornithological knowledge, and the monitoring of these animals can contribute to better knowledge about deformities and also about the conservation of the local environment, as birds are considered one of the main bioindicators of the conservation status in the habitat which they live. Consequently, through the study of the existence of specimens with anomalies, it is possible to obtain information about what is happening in a certain region.

RESUMO. Deformidade de bico ocorre em diversas espécies de aves e pode ocorrer por diversos fatores, incluindo os de origem congênita, traumática e nutricional. Ramphastos toco, popularmente, conhecido como tucanuçu, é a maior espécie do gênero e trata-se de uma das espécies mais comuns com ocorrência de deformidades no bico. Possui uma dieta substancialmente baseada em frutos carnosos, desempenhando um papel de grande importância para o ambiente onde vive por contribuir com a função de dispersor de sementes. Embora essas deformidades tenham sido registradas em várias espécies de aves de todo o mundo, raramente são relatadas. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar um caso de deformidade no bico em Ramphastos toco, da região de Chaco Húmido no Paraguai. O animal, de vida livre, foi observado durante uma caminhada ecológica, junto a seu grupo social composto por 8 tucanuçus. Com auxílio de um binóculo pode-se verificar que o animal apresentava uma deformidade em sua rinoteca (revestimento córneo da maxila) e que, aparentemente, estava saudável conseguindo se alimentar. Registros, como o do presente relato, são importantes para o conhecimento ornitológico, sendo que o monitoramento destes animais pode contribuir para o melhor conhecimento acerca de deformidades e também sobre a conservação do ambiente local, pelo motivo de que as aves são consideradas um dos principais bioindicadores do estado de conservação do meio ambiente onde vivem. Por consequência, através do estudo da existência de exemplares com anomalias pode-se ter informações do que está acontecendo em determinada região.

RESUMEN Las áreas periurbanas han sido documentadas como zonas de transición entre ambientes naturales y zonas urbanas las cuales son fundamentales para el mantenimiento de la avifauna asociada a las grandes urbes, albergando incluso altos niveles de riqueza y diversidad de especies. En el presente trabajo es documentado el ensamblaje de aves en una zona periurbana del municipio de Medellín (Colombia), la cual, en el último siglo ha sufrido una fuerte transformación de su cobertura natural y es considerada de alto interés para la conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos de la ciudad. El estudio se llevó a cabo en la sede de prácticas de la Corporación Universitaria Remington, ubicada en el corregimiento de Santa Elena. El registro de la avifauna se realizó mediante la captura de individuos con redes de niebla y la observación directa en recorridos libres, llevados a cabo en muestreos en agosto-septiembre de 2017, febrero-mayo de 2018 y septiembre de 2020. Adicionalmente, registros para algunas especies fueron obtenidos del muestreo con cámaras trampa, avistamientos ocasionales y datos sonoros. Se registraron un total de 54 especies de aves pertenecientes a 12 órdenes y 27 familias, incluidas dos especies endémicas, una casi endémica y dos especies migratorias. Este trabajo reporta la presencia de 35 especies que no habían sido previamente registradas en listados publicados para el corregimiento, principalmente especies asociadas a áreas abiertas y zonas de bordes de bosque. Los resultados presentados resaltan la importancia de las áreas periurbanas en la diversidad de la avifauna local en las grandes ciudades.

ABSTRACT Peri-urban areas have been documented as transitional zones between natural environments and urban areas, which are essential for the maintenance of the birdlife associated with large cities, even harboring high levels of species richness and diversity. In this work, the assemblages of birds in a peri-urban area of the municipality of Medellín (Colombia) is documented. This area has undergone a strong transformation of its natural cover in the last century and is considered of high interest for the conservation of ecosystem services on which the city depends. The study was carried out at the Remington University Veterinary Clinic, located in the town of Santa Elena. The avifauna records were obtained from capturing individuals with mist nets and direct observation in free walks carried out in August-September 2017, February-May 2018 and September 2020. Additionally, records for some species were derived from camera trap sampling, occasional sightings, and sound data. A total of 54 bird species belonging to 12 orders and 27 families were recorded, including two endemic species, one near-endemic and two migratory species. This work reports the presence of 35 species that had not been previously registered in published lists for the township, mainly species associated with open areas and forest edges. Obtained results highlight the importance of peri-urban areas for the diversity of local birdlife in large cities.

Abstract Birds are the best-known vertebrate group, although many localities in the world are considered to be knowledge gaps. This is the case of many little-known environments in the Amazon biome, the world’s largest tropical forest. Here, we present a survey of birds in the upper Purus basin, comprising the municipalities of Manoel Urbano and Feijó in the Brazilian state of Acre, and Boca do Acre and Pauini in the state of Amazonas. In this region, poorly-studied habitats, such as open rainforest dominated by palms or bamboo, still predominate. We recorded 452 bird species during 45 field trips between May and July in 2016, and June to August in 2017. Twenty-four of these species are associated with bamboo habitat, 28 are endemic to the southwestern Amazon basin, and seven are threatened with extinction. This high diversity is typical of the western Amazon basin, one of the richest regions in the world in the number of species, due to the heterogeneity of the local environments. The data presented here highlight the importance of the region for the conservation of birds, including species typical of the western Amazon, some of which are still poorly-known.

Abstract: Laguna Barrosa is one of the four large lagoons that are in the northwest of Tierra del Fuego, 20 kilometers from the city of Porvenir. This lagoon has not been mentioned in the literature and is not known as an important site for the conservation of birds in the Magallanes. In this work, the seasonality of waterfowl is described through 10 visits made from April 2015 to January 2016. 24 species of waterfowl were recorded, 9 of which are in some category of conservation, within which the ruddy-headed goose (Chloephaga rubidiceps) and Magellanic plover (Pluvianellus socialis) stand out, both categorized as Endangered (EN). The upland goose (Chloephaga picta), crested duck (Lophonetta specularioides) and coscoroba swan (Coscoroba coscoroba) dominated the assemblage in all the seasons of the year, both in terms of abundance and in terms of frequency of occurrence. The abundance of the coscoroba swan stands out, which represents between 4 and 10% of the world population and the importance of the lagoon as a wintering site for the Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chiiensis). The analysis of similarity showed that the structure of the assemblage of birds in the wetland shows a temporal trend of a seasonal nature. In general, we highlight Laguna Barrosa as an important resting and feeding site for the waterbirds of Tierra del Fuego and the Magallanes region.

Resumen: Laguna Barrosa es una de las cuatro grandes lagunas que se ubican en el noroeste de Tierra del Fuego, a 20 kilómetros de la ciudad de Porvenir. Esta laguna no se ha mencionado en la literatura y no se conoce como un sitio importante para la conservación de la avifauna en la región de Magallanes. En este trabajo se describe la estacionalidad de las aves acuáticas a través de 10 visitas realizadas desde abril de 2015 a enero de 2016. Se registró un total de 24 especies de aves acuáticas, de las cuales 9 se encuentran en alguna categoría de conservación, dentro de las que destacan el canquén colorado (Chloephaga rubidiceps) y chorlo de Magallanes (Pluvianellus socialis), ambas categorizadas En Peligro (EN). Las especies caiquén (Chloephaga picta), pato juarjual (Lophonetta specularioides) y cisne coscoroba (Coscoroba coscoroba) dominaron el ensamble en todas las estaciones del año, tanto en términos de abundancia como en frecuencia de ocurrencia. Se destaca la abundancia del cisne coscoroba, la cual representa entre un 4 y 10% de la población mundial y la importancia de la laguna como sitio de invernada del flamenco chileno (Phoenicopterus chilensis), ave que se encuentra casi amenazada. El análisis de similitud demostró que la estructura del ensamble de aves del humedal presenta una tendencia temporal de tipo estacional. En general, destacamos a laguna Barrosa como un importante sitio de descanso y alimentación para las aves acuáticas de Tierra del Fuego y la región de Magallanes.