Resumen: El artículo analiza la creciente circulación del discurso transexclusivo en el ámbito de la izquierda brasileña en el ámbito de las redes sociales. Este feminismo, epistémicamente marcado por una perspectiva esencialista y biologizante, recurre en ocasiones al argumento de la materialidad del cuerpo de la mujer, a partir de la experiencia designada del sexo biológico (naturaleza) en oposición a la noción de identidad de género (cultura), afirmando la riesgo de borrar las demandas de las mujeres y sus necesidades dirigidas a las mujeres cisgénero. A partir de tres casos que cobraron repercusión en las redes sociales en el período comprendido entre 2022 y 2023, presentamos estas controversias. La hipótesis con la que partimos es que se comparte una narrativa matricial esencialista y transexclusiva sobre el género, tanto por parte de segmentos feministas como por parte de la derecha en el campo social, generando un sistema de retroalimentación entre espectros políticos que no reconocen identidades distintas. que el cisheteronormativo. Resumen feminismo biologizante mujer naturaleza (naturaleza cultura, cultura , (cultura) cisgénero 202 2023 controversias social distintas cisheteronormativo (cultura 20 2

Resumo: O artigo analisa a crescente circulação do discurso transexcludente no campo da esquerda brasileira na esfera das redes sociais. Esse feminismo, epistemicamente marcado por uma perspectiva essencialista e biologizante, recorre ora ao argumento da materialidade do corpo da mulher, partindo da experiência designada do sexo biológico (natureza) em contraposição à noção de identidade de gênero (cultura), afirmando o risco do apagamento das reinvindicações das mulheres e sua necessidade direcionada à mulher cisgênera. Partindo de três casos que ganharam repercussão nas redes sociais no período entre 2022 e 2023, apresentamos tais controvérsias. A hipótese que defendemos é que existe o compartilhamento de uma matriz-narrativa essencialista e transexcludente sobre o gênero, tanto por segmentos feministas, quanto da direita no campo societário, gerando um sistema de retroalimentação entre espectros políticos que não reconhecem outras identidades para além da cisheteronormativa. Resumo feminismo biologizante natureza (natureza cultura, cultura , (cultura) cisgênera 202 2023 controvérsias matriznarrativa matriz narrativa feministas societário cisheteronormativa (cultura 20 2

Abstract: The article analyzes the growing circulation of trans-exclusive discourse in the field of the Brazilian left in the sphere of social networks. This feminism, epistemically marked by an essentialist and biologizing perspective, sometimes resorts to the argument of the materiality of the woman’s body, starting from the designated experience of biological sex (nature) in opposition to the notion of gender identity (culture), affirming the risk of erasure of women’s demands and their needs aimed at cisgender women. Starting from three cases that gained repercussion on social media in the period between 2022 and 2023, we present these controversies. The hypothesis we start with is that there is the sharing of an essentialist and trans-exclusive matrix-narrative about gender, both by feminist segments and by the right in the societal field, generating a feedback system between political spectrums that do not recognize identities other than the cisheteronormative one. Abstract transexclusive trans exclusive networks feminism perspective womans woman s body nature (nature culture, culture , (culture) womens women 202 2023 controversies matrixnarrative matrix narrative one (culture 20 2

Abstract Introduction: Gorse (Ulex europaeus, family Fabaceae) is an evergreen shrub native to Europe and invasive in the Andean high-mountain tropical paramos. Objective: To quantify the extent of a biological invasion within a paramo near Los Nevados National Natural Park in Tolima, Colombia, and evaluate bioeconomic solutions to encourage shrub eradication while promoting the local economy and industry. Methods: An object-based supervised classification approach was conducted using UAS (Uncrewed Aircraft Systems)-based RGB imagery and a Planet-derived NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) layer, both from 2022, to quantify the area invaded. This value, the height obtained from a UAS-derived nDSM (Normalized Digital Surface Model), and a pair of allometric equations found in the literature were employed to estimate the gorse aboveground biomass (AGB) and aboveground available fuel, also known as fuel load. Then, documented bioethanol production estimations were applied to calculate its potential extraction based on the AGB values. Results: The invaded area was quantified to be 66 465 m2, with an overall accuracy rate of 85.3 %. Furthermore, the fuel load was found to be approximately half of the AGB, which poses a high risk of fire in the ecosystem. The findings also suggest that up to USD 88 933.7 could be generated if all gorse in the study area is exploited to produce bioethanol. Conclusions: This study underscores the urgency of managing the biological invasion of gorse in the Andean paramo and suggests the potential for bioeconomic solutions to mitigate the impact of these invasions.

Resumen Introducción: El retamo espinoso (Ulex europaeus, familia Fabaceae) es un arbusto perenne originario de Europa e invasor en los páramos andino-tropicales de alta montaña. Objetivo: Cuantificar la extensión de una invasión biológica dentro de un páramo cerca del Parque Nacional Natural Los Nevados en Tolima, Colombia, y evaluar soluciones bioeconómicas para fomentar la erradicación del arbusto y, al mismo tiempo, promover la economía e industria locales. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una clasificación supervisada basada en objetos utilizando imágenes RGB tomadas con UAS (sistemas de aeronaves no tripulados) y una capa NDVI (índice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada) derivada de Planet, ambas de 2022, para cuantificar el área invadida. Este valor, así como la altura obtenida a partir de un nDSM (modelo digital de superficie normalizado) derivado de las imágenes UAS y un par de ecuaciones alométricas halladas en la literatura, se emplearon para estimar la biomasa aérea (AGB) y el combustible disponible superficial, también conocido como carga de combustible. Luego, se utilizaron estimaciones documentadas de producción de bioetanol para calcular su potencial extracción con base en los valores de AGB. Resultados: El área invadida se cuantificó en 66 465 m2, con una exactitud global del 85.3 %. Además, se encontró que la carga de combustible era aproximadamente la mitad del AGB, lo que representa un alto riesgo de incendio en el ecosistema. Los resultados también sugieren que se podrían generar hasta 88 933.7 dólares estadounidenses, si se explotara todo el retamo espinoso de la zona de estudio para producir bioetanol. Conclusiones: Este estudio resalta la urgencia de gestionar la invasión biológica del retamo espinoso en el páramo andino y sugiere potenciales soluciones bioeconómicas para mitigar el impacto de estas invasiones.

Abstract The soil-crop systems of the peri-urban area allow the recovery of chemical elements from the manure generated in intensive livestock production, reducing the risk of contamination of groundwater. This study evaluated the effect of the application of different doses of feedlot waste compost on the lettuce crop (Lactuca sativa L.) and on the chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties of the soil. In two consecutive years, greenhouse experiments were carried out applying doses equivalent to 128 and 500 kg ha-1 of nitrogen, determining fresh weight and apparent efficiency of nitrogen recovery in the crop, and in the soil, nitrate content, organic matter, activity overall biological, electrical conductivity, and pH. The yield of the lettuce crop increased between 29 and 55%, with apparent N recovery efficiencies of less than 5%. In the soil, the effects were mainly manifested in the first centimeters, with increases in the contents of organic matter, global biological activity, and electrical conductivity. On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the pH or nitrate content at depths greater than those reached by the roots of the crop.

Resumen Los sistemas suelo-cultivo del periurbano permiten recuperar elementos químicos del estiércol generado en la producción pecuaria intensiva, disminuyendo el riesgo de contaminación de aguas subterráneas. Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la aplicación de diferentes dosis de compost de residuos de feedlot en el cultivo de lechuga (Lactuca sativa L.) y en propiedades químicas, fisicoquímicas y biológicas del suelo. En dos años consecutivos se realizaron experimentos en invernadero, aplicando dosis equivalentes a 128 y 500 kg ha-1 de nitrógeno, determinando peso fresco y eficiencia aparente de recuperación de N en el cultivo, y en el suelo, contenido de nitratos, materia orgánica, actividad biológica global, conductividad eléctrica y pH. El rendimiento del cultivo de lechuga se incrementó entre el 29 y 55%, con eficiencias de recuperación aparente de nitrógeno menores al 5%. En el suelo, los efectos se manifestaron principalmente en los primeros centímetros, con aumentos en los contenidos de materia orgánica, actividad biológica global y conductividad eléctrica. Por otro lado, no hubo cambios significativos en el pH ni en el contenido de nitratos a profundidades mayores a la alcanzada por las raíces del cultivo.

Resumen Os sistemas solo-cultivo do periurbano permitem recuperar elementos químicos do estrume gerado na produção pecuária intensiva, disminuindo o risco de contaminação de águas subterrâneas. Este estudo avaliou o efeto da aplicação de diferentes doses de compost de resíduos de feedlot no cultivo de alface (Lactuca sativa L.) e nas propiedades químicas, fisicoquímicas e biológicas do solo. Em dois anos consecutivos realizaram-se experimentos em estufa, aplicando doses equivalentes a 128 e 500 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio, determinando peso fresco e eficiência aparente de recuperação de N no cultivo, e no solo, conteúdo de nitratos, matéria orgânica, atividade biológica global, condutividade elétrica e pH. O rendimento do cultivo de alface incrementou-se entre o 29 e 55%, com eficiências de recuperação aparente de nitrogênio menores ao 5%. No solo, os efeitos manifestaram-se principalmente nos primeiros centímetros, com aumentos nos conteúdos de matéria orgânica, atividade biológica global e condutividade elétrica. Por outro lado, não teve câmbios significativos no pH nem no conteúdo de nitratos em profundidades maiores à conseguida pelas raizes do cultivo.

Abstract Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer worldwide. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers associated with CSCC progression could aid in the early detection of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of silent mating type Information Regulation 2 homolog 6 (SIRT6) in CSCC and its clinical significance. Methods The protein expression level of SIRT6 in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between SIRT6 expression and clinicopathological parameters in CSCC patients was analyzed. The relative expression of SIRT6 in CSCC cell lineage and tissue specimens was determined by western blotting and PCR. The effect of SIRT6 silencing on cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit 8. Wound healing, transwell method, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the migration, invasion, and cell cycle distribution/apoptosis of CSCC cells after SIRT6 silencing, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition), cycle, apoptosis, and other related proteins. Results The high expression of SIRT6 was correlated with the location of cancer tissue and Broder staging in CSCC patients. Knockdown of SIRT6 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of CSCC cells, and promoted their apoptosis, with cells blocked in G1 phase. Study limitations No animal experiments were conducted to further verify the results. Conclusion Decreased expression of SIRT6 can inhibit the occurrence and development of CSCC. (CSCC worldwide Therefore highrisk risk strategies SIRT (SIRT6 significance immunohistochemistry analyzed PCR 8 healing method migration distributionapoptosis distribution apoptosis respectively EpithelialMesenchymal Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Transition , Transition) proteins G phase results (SIRT

Resumo O desenvolvimento humano é influenciado pela interação entre fatores biológicos e sociais. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito moderador do risco social na relação entre risco biológico e desenvolvimento infantil. Os dados foram coletados em 201 crianças, com idades entre 6 e 72 meses. A variável independente foi medida pelo índice de risco biológico, e a variável moderadora pelo índice de risco social. O desenvolvimento infantil foi avaliado por meio do teste Denver II. Regressão linear, tamanho do efeito e análise de moderação foram utilizados para verificar a relação entre IRB e o desenvolvimento infantil (Denver II) e o efeito moderador do IRS. O IRB associou-se negativamente ao desenvolvimento infantil, a interação entre o IRB e o IRS aumentou a variância explicada no resultado do Denver II para 14%. O IRS também foi um moderador significativo dos domínios Linguagem e Motor Grosso. Esta pesquisa evidenciou que o risco social é um moderador da relação entre risco biológico e desenvolvimento infantil; quanto mais fatores de risco social, mais forte essa relação se torna. Por outro lado, pode-se dizer que alguns fatores sociais favorecem o desenvolvimento infantil, mesmo na presença de fatores de risco biológicos. 20 crianças 7 meses linear associouse associou 14 14% Grosso torna lado podese pode 2 1

Abstract Human development is influenced by the interaction between biological and social factors. This study aimed to verify the moderating effect of social risk on the relationship between biological risk and child development. Data were collected on 201 children, aged 6 to 72 months. The independent variable was measured by the biological risk index, and the moderator variable by the social risk index was assessed by the Denver II test. Linear regression, effect size, and analysis of moderation were used to verify the relationship between BRI and the child development (Denver II), and the moderating effect of the SRI. BRI was negatively associated with child development, the interaction between the BRI and SRI increased the explained variance in the Denver II result to 14%. The SRI was also a significant moderator of the Language and Gross Motor domains. This research evidence that social risk moderates the relationship between biological risk and child development, the more social risk factors, the stronger this relationship becomes. On the other hand, it can be said that some social factors favor child development, even in the presence of biological risk factors. 20 children 7 months test regression size II, , II) 14 14% domains becomes hand 2 1

Abstract Objectives: Age at menarche (MA) is a proxy for biological maturation and a parameter of socioeconomic changes. Worldwide, anticipation of menarche is associated with nutritional transition and excess weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MA in Amazonian students and its association with nutritional status, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,017 students aged 6 to 17 living in the city of Manaus, Brazil. MA was analyzed by status quo and recall; its association with body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, and adult height was examined. Results: 559 (51.9%) participants had already experienced menarche. In 91.7%, menarche occurred between 10 and 14 years of age; the mean age at the onset of menarche was 11.9 years. Overweight (11.6 years) and obese (11.4 years) participants reached menarche earlier than those with normal weight (12 years) and lean (12.7 years) participants. The associations between MA and nutritional status showed that overweight and obesity are risk factors for the early occurrence of menarche. MA was not associated with socioeconomic status/parental education or race. However, excess weight was associated with earlier MA in all races and social classes. The adult height was slightly lower in girls with menarche before 12 years old (157.9 vs 159.4 cm). Conclusion: Regardless of socioeconomic level or ethnicity, excess weight was associated with earlier menarche in Amazonian students. Objectives (MA changes Worldwide ethnicity Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 1017 1 017 1,01 Manaus Brazil recall BMI, BMI , (BMI) race examined Results 55 51.9% 519 51 9 (51.9% 917 91 7 91.7% 119 11 11. 11.6 116 (11. 11.4 114 4 (1 12.7 127 (12. statusparental parental However classes 157.9 1579 157 (157. 1594 159 159. cm. cm . cm) Conclusion 101 01 1,0 (BMI 5 51.9 (51.9 91.7 (11 ( 12. 157. 15 (157 0 1, 51. (51. 91. (15 (51 (5

ABSTRACT Introduction Our society’s characteristics, with their constant evolution and globalization, have shown a significant impact on the way jobs have been structured over the years, with one of the most highlighted aspects being the possibility of practicing telecommuting. The prevalence of telecommuting and other forms of remote work enabled by technological innovations has increased in recent years. Objectives Exploring the most recently published literature on telecommuting; examining its relationship with psychosocial risk factors and making inferences about the need for the implementation and improvement of policies aimed at promoting mental health in occupational settings, with a focus on preventing psychosocial risks. Methodology Integrative literature review using the terms "teleworking," "remote work," "telework," "telecommuting," "psychosocial risks," "mental health," and "occupational health" in both Portuguese and English. The primary databases used for the research included Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional” and “Direção Geral de Saúde”. A total of 24 documents with the highest relevance to the study’s theme were selected, published between 2010 and 2023. Discussion Psychosocial risks in telecommuting are undergoing constant changes and align with demographic, nature, content and organization. These changes may increase exposure to already recognized psychosocial risks or give rise to new emergent ones. The widespread and unexpected adoption of telecommuting due to COVID-19 with the simultaneous advancement of digitization processes have made telecommuting a more common practice. However, this mass adoption has increased instances of technological stress among workers, potentially leading to adverse consequences for mental health. While the widespread implementation of telecommuting aimed to protect workers from biological risks, it has, in various situations, increased social isolation, work-family conflicts, and a lack of social support, with negative consequences for the mental health of the working population. Conclusion The increasing of telecommuting in our society is leading to assess the psychosocial risk factors that arise with it, so that they are recognized by occupational health experts and intervened upon, thus ensuring that telecommuting becomes healthier.

RESUMO Introdução As sociedades atuais e a sua constante evolução e globalização, têm demonstrado um impacto significativo na forma como se estruturam os postos de trabalho ao longo dos anos, nos quais, mais recentemente e com maior tradução mediática, se destaca a possibilidade de praticar teletrabalho, potenciada pela inovação tecnológica. Objetivos Conhecer a literatura mais recentemente publicada acerca do teletrabalho; bem como a sua relação com fatores de risco de origem psicossocial e inferir sobre a necessidade de implementação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas voltadas para promoção da saúde mental em contexto ocupacional, com enfoque na prevenção dos riscos psicossociais. Metodologia Revisão da literatura integrativa com os termos “teleworking”, “remote work”, “telework”, “telecommuting”, “psychosocial risks”, “mental health” e “occupational health”, em português e em inglês. Foram utilizadas como principais bases de dados a Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bem como a Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional e a Direção Geral de Saúde. Selecionaram-se os 24 documentos com maior relevância na temática em estudo, publicados entre 2010 e 2023. Discussão As fontes de riscos psicossociais do teletrabalho encontram-se em constante mudança e acompanham as alterações demográficas e da organização. A prática de teletrabalho parece ser uma oferta cada vez mais comum, a sua adoção em larga escala e inesperada devido à COVID-19 e coligada ao enorme avanço dos processos de digitalização, aumentaram as situações de stress tecnológico entre os trabalhadores, com possíveis consequências adversas para a saúde mental. Esta massificação do Teletrabalho, embora com o intuito de proteger os trabalhadores relativamente a um risco biológico aumentou, em diversas situações, o isolamento social, os conflitos trabalho-família e a falta de suporte social, com consequências negativas na saúde mental da população ativa. Conclusão Com o aumento deste tipo de trabalho emerge a necessidade de avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais que surgem em conformidade, para que estes sejam reconhecidos pelos peritos em saúde ocupacional e intervencionados, assegurando assim que o teletrabalho se torna mais saudável.

ABSTRACT Background: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in intermediate-risk (IR) patients is particularly challenging when determining the type of prosthesis to use. Rapid-deployment valves (RD-V) are emerging as a potential alternative in this patient population. Objectives: To compare early mortality, postoperative complications, and transvalvular hemodynamic parameters between AVR with conventional valves and RD-V in IR patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of consecutive IR patients (STS-Prom score 4-8) undergoing AVR with conventional prostheses and RD-V between 2007 and 2023. Results: A total of 205 patients were included (140 AVR vs. 65 RD-V). Surgical risk was similar between both groups (STS-Prom 5.07 % vs. 5.7 % respectively, p = 0.210). The minimally invasive approach was more common in the RD-V group (32.3% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.001). The cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time was significantly shorter in the RD-V group (134.5 vs. 100 min and 104 vs. 73 min, respectively, p < 0.001). There was a trend to lower incidence of pacemaker implantation in the conventional valve group (4.3% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.075). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications, and a strong trend to lower 30-dat mortality with RD-V (0% vs. 5.7% for conventional valves, p = 0.057). The mean postoperative gradient across the prosthesis was significantly lower in the RD-V group (7.90 ± 3.3 mm Hg vs. 12.74 ± 6.07 mm Hg, p < 0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of valve thrombosis or prosthetic endocarditis. Conclusions: Rapid deployment valves demonstrated trend to lower mortality, shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time, improved hemodynamic profile, and were easier to implant via a minimally invasive approach.

RESUMEN Introducción: El reemplazo valvular aórtico (RVA) en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico intermedio (RI) es el más desafiante al momento de decidir el tipo de prótesis a utilizar. Las válvulas de rápido implante (RD-V) serían una alternativa a considerar en este grupo específico. Objetivos: Comparar mortalidad temprana, complicaciones postoperatorias y parámetros hemodinámicos transvalvulares en el RVA con válvulas tradicionales vs. RD-V en pacientes de RI. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes consecutivos de RI (STS-PROM 4-8) intervenidos por RVA con prótesis tradicionales y RD-V en el período 2007-2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 205 pacientes (140 con prótesis tradicionales vs. 65 con RD-V). El riesgo preoperatorio fue semejante en ambos grupos (STS-PROM 5,07% vs. 5,7%, p=0,210). El abordaje miniinvasivo fue más frecuente en RD-V (32,3% vs 0,7%, p<0,001). El tiempo de circulación extracorpórea y clampeo fue significativamente menor en RD-V (134,5 vs.100 min y 104 vs 73 min respectivamente, p<0,001). Hubo tendencia a menor implante de marcapasos con las válvulas tradicionales (4,3% vs. 10,8%, p=0,075). No se observaron diferencias significativas en las complicaciones postoperatorias; hubo fuerte tendencia a menor mortalidad a los 30 días con RD-V (0% vs. 5,7% para válvulas tradicionales, p=0,057). El gradiente protésico medio postoperatorio fue significativamente menor para el grupo RD-V (7,90±3,3 mmHg vs. 12,74±6,07 mmHg, p<0,001). No hubo diferencias respecto a incidencia de trombosis valvular o endocarditis protésica. Conclusiones: Las válvulas de rápido implante presentaron tendencia a menor mortalidad, menor tiempo de circulación extracorpórea/clampeo, mejor perfil hemodinámico y mayor facilidad de implante por abordaje miniinvasivo.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A narrative review was carried out of the studies published from 2016 to 2021 on the clinical, etiological, imaging and therapeutic aspects of the different clinical forms of vascular cerebral disease in the elderly. The databases of Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Cochrane and Google Scholar were consulted. Original articles, published in peer-reviewed journals, that included patients over 65 years of age, with a diagnosis of cerebral vascular disease, were taken into account. Objective: Update on the particularities of cerebral vascular disease in older adults. Development: In cerebrovascular disease of the elderly, particular conditions are observed: biological, psychological and social, which are less frequent or may even be absent in younger age groups. Large vessel atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, small vessel disease, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the predominant etiologies, although other causes may exist. Vascular cognitive impairment represents the second cause of dementia and is a clinical form of presentation of cerebral vascular disease in this age group. Conclusions: Cerebrovascular disease in the elderly presents particular characteristics that are summarized in: greater comorbidity and richness of risk factors, which require a systemic, dialectically interrelated and personalized diagnostic approach, in which neuroimaging occupies a unique place. importance; which, in interaction with the clinic, will allow a more comprehensive diagnosis and evolutionary follow-up of these patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de los estudios publicados desde 2016 hasta 2021 sobre los aspectos clínicos, etiológicos, imagenológicos y terapéuticos de las diferentes formas clínica de la enfermedad cerebral vascular en los ancianos. Se consultaron las bases de datos de Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Cochrane y Google Académico. Se tuvieron en cuenta los artículos originales, publicados en revistas con revisión por pares, que incluyeran pacientes mayores de 65 años, con diagnóstico de enfermedad vascular cerebral. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre las particularidades de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en el adulto mayor. Desarrollo: En la enfermedad cerebrovascular del adulto mayor se observan condiciones particulares: biológicas, psicológicas y sociales, que son menos frecuente o incluso pueden estar ausentes, en los grupos etarios más jóvenes. La arterioesclerosis de grandes vasos, el cardioembolismo, la enfermedad de pequeños vasos y la angiopatía cerebral amiloidea constituyen las etiologías predominantes, aunque pueden existir otras causas. El deterioro cognitivo vascular representa la segunda causa de demencia y es una forma clínica de presentación de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en este grupo etario. Conclusiones: La enfermedad cerebrovascular en el adulto mayor, presenta características particulares que se resumen en: mayor comorbilidad y riqueza de factores de riesgo, que obligan a un enfoque diagnóstico sistémico, dialécticamente interrelacionado y personalizado, en el cual las neuroimágenes ocupan un lugar de singular importancia; que, en interacción con la clínica, permitirán un diagnóstico y seguimiento evolutivo más integral de estos pacientes.

Abstract Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of dermatological manifestations in Mexican patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Methods: Cross-sectional and retrospective study, based on the analysis of records of patients with a diagnosis of common variable mmunodeficiency, treated at the Siglo XXI National Medical Center (Mexican Social Security Institute), according to the criteria of the European Society of Immunodeficiencies (ESID). and of which only 3 had a genetic diagnosis with the following mutations: IRF2, CTLA4 and PIK-3, belonging to the Immunodeficiency Clinic of the National Medical Center Siglo XXI (IMSS), to evaluate dermatological manifestations, review of laboratory tests: IgA, IgM, IgG and type of replacement therapy with Immunoglobulin. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program; Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, according to the type of variable to be analyzed. Results: 36 patients were included, of which 55.5% were women; with median age 34 years (18-94). The prevalence of dermatological manifestations was 70% (n = 25). 30.5% had a history of infectious dermatosis and 39.5% had a history of non-infectious dermatosis. The most common dermatosis was irritant contact dermatitis in 13.8% of patients. All received replacement therapy with human immunoglobulin, 33.3% intravenously and the rest subcutaneously. Conclusions: Common variable immunodeficiency is an inborn error of immunity, with different clinical manifestations in various organs and systems (the skin is one of these). Dermatological manifestations are not usually described in patients with common variable immunodeficiency; However, it is important to identify them due to their relationship with certain complications (increased risk of superinfection), due to skin disruption and biological therapies.

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes mexicanos con inmunodeficiencia común variable. Métodos: Estudio transversal y retrospectivo, fundamentado en el análisis de expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia común variable, atendidos en el Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (Instituto Mexicano del seguro Social), según los criterios de la Sociedad Europea de Inmunodeficiencias (ESID) y de los que solo 3 tenían diagnóstico genético con las siguientes mutaciones: IRF2, CTLA4 y PIK-3, ertenecientes a la Clínica de Inmunodeficiencias del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (IMSS), para evaluar las manifestaciones dermatológicas, revisión de exámenes de laboratorio: IgA, IgM, IgG y tipo de terapia de reemplazo con Inmunoglobulina. El análisis estadístico se ejecutó con el programa SPSS; para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva, de acuerdo con el tipo de variable a analizar. Resultados: Se incluyeron 36 pacientes, de los que 55.5% correspondieron a mujeres; con mediana de edad 34 años (18-94). La prevalencia de anifestaciones dermatológicas fue de 70% (n = 25). El 30.5% tuvo antecedente de dermatosis infecciosa y 39.5% dermatosis no infecciosa. La dermatosis más frecuente fue dermatitis de contacto irritativa en 13.8% de los pacientes. Todos recibieron terapia de reemplazo con inmunoglobulina humana, 33.3% por vía intravenosa y el resto por vía subcutánea. Conclusiones: La inmunodeficiencia común variable es un error innato de la inmunidad, con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas en diversos órganos y sistemas (la piel supone uno de estos). Las manifestaciones dermatológicas no suelen describirse en pacientes con inmunodeficiencia común variable; sin embargo, es importante identificarlas por su relación con ciertas complicaciones (incremento del riesgo de sobreinfección), debido a la disrupción de la piel y terapias biológicas.

A key global change challenge is to significantly reduce the risks of alien taxa causing harmful impacts without compromising the rights of citizens. As part of efforts to address this challenge, South Africa promulgated comprehensive regulations and lists of alien taxa in 2014. In this paper, we review how the lists developed, changed overtime, and how they have been implemented. As of March 2021, 560 taxa were listed under four broad regulatory categories, and between 2014 and 2020, almost 3000 permits were issued to regulate the continued use of listed taxa. The full lists of regulated taxa, permits issued, and corresponding regulations are available in the Supplementary material. A proposed standardised, transparent, and science-informed process to revise the regulatory lists is also presented - as of 30 April 2024, risk analyses have been developed for 140 taxa using the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT) framework and reviewed by an independent scientific body [the Alien Species Risk Analysis Review Panel (ASRARP)] with input from taxon-specific experts. These recommendations are being considered by an interdepartmental governmental decision-making body established in March 2023 [the Risk Analysis Review Committee (RARC)]. Finally, key issues with the listing of alien taxa in South Africa that remain to be resolved are presented. As South Africa's regulatory framework continues to develop, the process of listing and regulating alien taxa will, we believe, become more transparent, consistent, and acceptable to stakeholders, and ultimately facilitate efforts to reduce the harmful impacts of alien taxa. SIGNIFICANCE: The regulation of alien species is a major part of how South Africa addresses biological invasions. For this process to be effective, relevant stakeholders need to be engaged and involved. This paper outlines how species have been regulated in the past, provides regulatory lists in accessible formats, and analyses how the lists have changed over time. A transparent, science-informed process to update the regulatory lists is presented and progress to date reviewed. This process aims to engage interested and affected parties in efforts to preserve the benefits of alien species while reducing the harmful impacts of invasions.

Resumen El cáncer gástrico es un proceso fatal cuyos factores de riesgo incluyen la infección por Helicobacter pylori, la anemia perniciosa, la ingesta de compuestos nitrosos, el abuso de alcohol, el tabaquismo y el sexo masculino. El seguimiento endoscópico ha definido la progresión histológica de lesiones premalignas a lesiones malignas. Sin embargo, los tumores gástricos exhiben diferentes y muy variadas variaciones histológicas, comportamientos clínicos y respuestas a tratamiento. Esta gran heterogeneidad intrapaciente e interpaciente ha obligado a la búsqueda de principios reguladores que gobiernen la evolución del cáncer gástrico. Los programas avanzados de bioinformática, la tecnología de microarreglos de ADN y la genómica funcional han ayudado a integrar la estructura, función y dinámica de moléculas biológicas expresadas o secretadas por las células epiteliales cancerosas que han modificado la clasificación del cáncer gástrico.

Abstract Gastric cancer is a fatal process whose risk factors include infection by Helicobacter pylori, pernicious anemia, nitroso compounds, alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and male gender. Endoscopic surveillance has defined the histological progression of premalignant to malignant lesions. Nevertheless, gastric tumors exhibit distinct histologic variations, clinical behaviors, and treatment responses. This “intra and interpatient heterogeneity” has obliged us to search for key principles governing gastric cancer evolution. Advanced bioinformatics programs, DNA microarray technology, and functional genomics have helped to integrate the structure, function, and dynamics of biological molecules expressed or secreted by cancer epithelial cells that have modified the classification of gastric cancer.

Abstract Background: Older adults have highly heterogeneous aging rates. Objective: To explore the association of biological age (BA) and accelerated aging with frailty in community-dwelling older adults. Material and methods: We assessed 735 community-dwelling older adults from the Coyocan Cohort. BA was measured using AnthropoAge, accelerated aging with AnthropoAgeAccel, and frailty using Fried’s phenotype and the frailty index. We explored the association of BA and accelerated aging (AnthropoAgeAccel ≥ 0) with frailty at baseline and characterized the body composition and physical function phenotype of accelerated aging in non-frail/frail participants. We also explored accelerated aging as a risk factor for frailty progression after 3-years of follow-up. Results: Older adults with accelerated aging have higher frailty prevalence and indices, lower handgrip strength and gait speed. AnthropoAgeAccel was associated with higher frailty indices (β = 0.0053, 95 % CI = 0.0027-0.0079), and increased odds of frailty at baseline (OR = 1.16, 95 % CI = 1.09-1.25). We observed sex-based differences in body composition and physical function linked to accelerated aging in non-frail participants; however, these differences were absent in pre-frail/frail participants. Accelerated aging at baseline was associated with higher risk of frailty progression over time (OR = 1.74, 95 % CI = 1.11-2.75). Conclusions: Despite being intertwined, biological accelerated aging is largely independent of frailty in community-dwelling older adults.

Resumen Antecedentes: Los adultos mayores tienen tasas de envejecimiento heterogéneas. Objetivo: Explorar la asociación entre edad biológica (EB) y envejecimiento acelerado (EA) con fragilidad en adultos mayores. Material y métodos: Análisis de 735 adultos mayores de la Cohorte de Coyocán. Se estimó EB con AnthropoAge, EA con AnthropoAgeAccel y fragilidad con el fenotipo de Fried y el índice de fragilidad (IF). Se exploró la asociación de EB y EA (AnthropoAgeAccel ≥ 0) con fragilidad; se caracterizó su presencia simultánea sobre fenotipos de composición corporal y función física. Se determinó el riesgo de EA para progresión del fenotipo de fragilidad a tres años de seguimiento. Resultados: Los adultos mayores con EA presentaron mayor prevalencia de fragilidad e IF, menor fuerza de prensión y velocidad de marcha. Los resultados de AnthropoAgeAccel se asociaron a IF (β = 0.0053, IC 95 % = 0.0027-0.0079) y al fenotipo de fragilidad (RM = 1.16, IC 95 % = 1.09-1.25). Existieron diferencias por sexo en composición corporal y función física relacionadas con EA solo en participantes no frágiles. El EA en la evaluación basal se asoció con progresión de la fragilidad con el tiempo (RM = 1.74, IC 95 % = 1.11-2.75). Conclusiones: A pesar su asociación, el EA es independiente de la fragilidad en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad.

ABSTRACT In analytical chemistry laboratories, the basic principles of the study of the chemical composition of a material or sample are verified experimentally, through different methods of analysis, for which reason chemical and biological agents are handled daily, to which workers are exposed; hence the need to assess the risk of exposure. The objective of this work was to evaluate the risks in an analytical chemical laboratory using the semi-quantitative method of William Fine, for which a multidisciplinary commission was created made up of specialists and experts with experience in the subject. It was determined that there is a direct relationship between the chemical, fire and explosion risks, the emanation of vapors of volatile substances, due to very high temperatures, or close to sources of ignition that can cause a fire, and generate a chain of events that, when reacting with other substances, can lead to explosions. The chemical and fire risks were evaluated as critical risks, which require immediate stoppage of the activity, and the mechanical, environmental, explosion, and biological risks were evaluated as notable risks, which require an urgent necessary correction.

RESUMEN En los laboratorios de química analítica se verifican de forma experimental, los principios básicos del estudio de la composición química de un material o muestra, mediante diferentes métodos de análisis, por lo que se manipulan diariamente agentes químicos y biológicos, a los están expuestos los trabajadores; de ahí la necesidad de evaluar el riesgo de exposición. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los riesgos en un laboratorio químico analítico mediante el método semicuantitativo de William Fine, para lo cual se creó una comisión multidisciplinaria constituida por especialistas y expertos con experiencia en el tema. Se determinó que xiste una relación directa entre el riesgo químico, el de incendio y el de explosión la emanación de vapores de sustancias volatiles, debido a temperaturas muy altas, o próximas a fuentes de ignición que puedan provocar un incendio, y generar una cadena de acontacimientos que al reaccionar con otras sustancias pueden dar lugar a explosiones. Los riesgos químico y de incendios fueron evaluados como riesgos criticos los cuales requieren de detención inmediata de la actividad y los riesgos mecánico, ambiental, de explosión y biológico fueron evaluados como riesgos notables por lo que requieren una correción necesaria urgente.

Abstract Fungal contamination is an important problem in cannabis and medical cannabis production, as fungi can produce toxic compounds or reduce the quality and safety of the product. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric evaluation related to fungal contamination in cannabis, analyzing current trends in this field and providing future perspectives for research. For this purpose, an exhaustive search was carried out in the scientific literature in electronic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The results obtained were processed through bibliometrics and network analysis, using tools such as RStudio and Bibliometrix software. The results revealed that the main themes associated with fungal contamination in cannabis are focused on: diseases related to fungal contamination of the plant, use of fungi as an alternative biological control in cannabis cultivation, metabolites associated with cannabis and their potential in fungal control, as well as fungal diversity in cannabis cultivation and postharvest and the risk to consumer health. Finally, future research areas are proposed to address the challenge of fungal contamination in medicinal cannabis production, covering topics such as pest control, contamination, genetic resistance, active compounds, analysis methods, and the impact of fungi on cannabis.

Resumo A contaminação fúngica é um problema importante na produção da cannabis e cannabis medicinal, pois os fungos podem produzir compostos tóxicos ou reduzir a qualidade e a segurança do produto. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação bibliométrica relacionada à contaminação fúngica na cannabis, analisando as tendências atuais nesse campo e fornecendo perspectivas futuras para a pesquisa. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca exaustiva na literatura científica em bases de dados eletrônicas como Scopus e Web of Science (WOS), abrangendo o período de 2000 a 2023. Os resultados obtidos foram processados por meio de bibliometria e análise de redes, utilizando ferramentas como o software RStudio e Bibliometrix. Os resultados revelaram que os principais temas associados à contaminação fúngica na cannabis estão focados em: doenças relacionadas à contaminação fúngica da planta, uso de fungos como alternativa de controle biológico no cultivo da cannabis, metabólitos associados à cannabis e seu potencial no controle de fungos, bem como a diversidade fúngica no cultivo e pós-colheita da cannabis e o risco à saúde dos consumidores. Por último, são sugeridas futuras áreas de pesquisa para enfrentar o desafio da contaminação fúngica na produção de cannabis medicinal, abordando temas como controle de pragas, contaminação, resistência genética, compostos ativos, métodos de análise e impacto dos fungos na cannabis.