Resumen: El artículo analiza la creciente circulación del discurso transexclusivo en el ámbito de la izquierda brasileña en el ámbito de las redes sociales. Este feminismo, epistémicamente marcado por una perspectiva esencialista y biologizante, recurre en ocasiones al argumento de la materialidad del cuerpo de la mujer, a partir de la experiencia designada del sexo biológico (naturaleza) en oposición a la noción de identidad de género (cultura), afirmando la riesgo de borrar las demandas de las mujeres y sus necesidades dirigidas a las mujeres cisgénero. A partir de tres casos que cobraron repercusión en las redes sociales en el período comprendido entre 2022 y 2023, presentamos estas controversias. La hipótesis con la que partimos es que se comparte una narrativa matricial esencialista y transexclusiva sobre el género, tanto por parte de segmentos feministas como por parte de la derecha en el campo social, generando un sistema de retroalimentación entre espectros políticos que no reconocen identidades distintas. que el cisheteronormativo. Resumen feminismo biologizante mujer naturaleza (naturaleza cultura, cultura , (cultura) cisgénero 202 2023 controversias social distintas cisheteronormativo (cultura 20 2

Resumo: O artigo analisa a crescente circulação do discurso transexcludente no campo da esquerda brasileira na esfera das redes sociais. Esse feminismo, epistemicamente marcado por uma perspectiva essencialista e biologizante, recorre ora ao argumento da materialidade do corpo da mulher, partindo da experiência designada do sexo biológico (natureza) em contraposição à noção de identidade de gênero (cultura), afirmando o risco do apagamento das reinvindicações das mulheres e sua necessidade direcionada à mulher cisgênera. Partindo de três casos que ganharam repercussão nas redes sociais no período entre 2022 e 2023, apresentamos tais controvérsias. A hipótese que defendemos é que existe o compartilhamento de uma matriz-narrativa essencialista e transexcludente sobre o gênero, tanto por segmentos feministas, quanto da direita no campo societário, gerando um sistema de retroalimentação entre espectros políticos que não reconhecem outras identidades para além da cisheteronormativa. Resumo feminismo biologizante natureza (natureza cultura, cultura , (cultura) cisgênera 202 2023 controvérsias matriznarrativa matriz narrativa feministas societário cisheteronormativa (cultura 20 2

Abstract: The article analyzes the growing circulation of trans-exclusive discourse in the field of the Brazilian left in the sphere of social networks. This feminism, epistemically marked by an essentialist and biologizing perspective, sometimes resorts to the argument of the materiality of the woman’s body, starting from the designated experience of biological sex (nature) in opposition to the notion of gender identity (culture), affirming the risk of erasure of women’s demands and their needs aimed at cisgender women. Starting from three cases that gained repercussion on social media in the period between 2022 and 2023, we present these controversies. The hypothesis we start with is that there is the sharing of an essentialist and trans-exclusive matrix-narrative about gender, both by feminist segments and by the right in the societal field, generating a feedback system between political spectrums that do not recognize identities other than the cisheteronormative one. Abstract transexclusive trans exclusive networks feminism perspective womans woman s body nature (nature culture, culture , (culture) womens women 202 2023 controversies matrixnarrative matrix narrative one (culture 20 2

Resumo O desenvolvimento humano é influenciado pela interação entre fatores biológicos e sociais. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar o efeito moderador do risco social na relação entre risco biológico e desenvolvimento infantil. Os dados foram coletados em 201 crianças, com idades entre 6 e 72 meses. A variável independente foi medida pelo índice de risco biológico, e a variável moderadora pelo índice de risco social. O desenvolvimento infantil foi avaliado por meio do teste Denver II. Regressão linear, tamanho do efeito e análise de moderação foram utilizados para verificar a relação entre IRB e o desenvolvimento infantil (Denver II) e o efeito moderador do IRS. O IRB associou-se negativamente ao desenvolvimento infantil, a interação entre o IRB e o IRS aumentou a variância explicada no resultado do Denver II para 14%. O IRS também foi um moderador significativo dos domínios Linguagem e Motor Grosso. Esta pesquisa evidenciou que o risco social é um moderador da relação entre risco biológico e desenvolvimento infantil; quanto mais fatores de risco social, mais forte essa relação se torna. Por outro lado, pode-se dizer que alguns fatores sociais favorecem o desenvolvimento infantil, mesmo na presença de fatores de risco biológicos. 20 crianças 7 meses linear associouse associou 14 14% Grosso torna lado podese pode 2 1

Abstract Human development is influenced by the interaction between biological and social factors. This study aimed to verify the moderating effect of social risk on the relationship between biological risk and child development. Data were collected on 201 children, aged 6 to 72 months. The independent variable was measured by the biological risk index, and the moderator variable by the social risk index was assessed by the Denver II test. Linear regression, effect size, and analysis of moderation were used to verify the relationship between BRI and the child development (Denver II), and the moderating effect of the SRI. BRI was negatively associated with child development, the interaction between the BRI and SRI increased the explained variance in the Denver II result to 14%. The SRI was also a significant moderator of the Language and Gross Motor domains. This research evidence that social risk moderates the relationship between biological risk and child development, the more social risk factors, the stronger this relationship becomes. On the other hand, it can be said that some social factors favor child development, even in the presence of biological risk factors. 20 children 7 months test regression size II, , II) 14 14% domains becomes hand 2 1

Abstract Background Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) is one of the most common types of skin cancer worldwide. Therefore, the identification of biomarkers associated with CSCC progression could aid in the early detection of high-risk squamous cell carcinoma and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Objective This study aimed to investigate the expression patterns of silent mating type Information Regulation 2 homolog 6 (SIRT6) in CSCC and its clinical significance. Methods The protein expression level of SIRT6 in tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the correlation between SIRT6 expression and clinicopathological parameters in CSCC patients was analyzed. The relative expression of SIRT6 in CSCC cell lineage and tissue specimens was determined by western blotting and PCR. The effect of SIRT6 silencing on cell proliferation was evaluated using cell counting kit 8. Wound healing, transwell method, and flow cytometry were used to investigate the migration, invasion, and cell cycle distribution/apoptosis of CSCC cells after SIRT6 silencing, respectively. Western blot was used to detect the expression of EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition), cycle, apoptosis, and other related proteins. Results The high expression of SIRT6 was correlated with the location of cancer tissue and Broder staging in CSCC patients. Knockdown of SIRT6 inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of CSCC cells, and promoted their apoptosis, with cells blocked in G1 phase. Study limitations No animal experiments were conducted to further verify the results. Conclusion Decreased expression of SIRT6 can inhibit the occurrence and development of CSCC. (CSCC worldwide Therefore highrisk risk strategies SIRT (SIRT6 significance immunohistochemistry analyzed PCR 8 healing method migration distributionapoptosis distribution apoptosis respectively EpithelialMesenchymal Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition, Transition , Transition) proteins G phase results (SIRT

Abstract Objectives: Age at menarche (MA) is a proxy for biological maturation and a parameter of socioeconomic changes. Worldwide, anticipation of menarche is associated with nutritional transition and excess weight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the MA in Amazonian students and its association with nutritional status, ethnicity, and socioeconomic level. Methods: Cross-sectional study with 1,017 students aged 6 to 17 living in the city of Manaus, Brazil. MA was analyzed by status quo and recall; its association with body mass index (BMI), race, socioeconomic status, and adult height was examined. Results: 559 (51.9%) participants had already experienced menarche. In 91.7%, menarche occurred between 10 and 14 years of age; the mean age at the onset of menarche was 11.9 years. Overweight (11.6 years) and obese (11.4 years) participants reached menarche earlier than those with normal weight (12 years) and lean (12.7 years) participants. The associations between MA and nutritional status showed that overweight and obesity are risk factors for the early occurrence of menarche. MA was not associated with socioeconomic status/parental education or race. However, excess weight was associated with earlier MA in all races and social classes. The adult height was slightly lower in girls with menarche before 12 years old (157.9 vs 159.4 cm). Conclusion: Regardless of socioeconomic level or ethnicity, excess weight was associated with earlier menarche in Amazonian students. Objectives (MA changes Worldwide ethnicity Methods Crosssectional Cross sectional 1017 1 017 1,01 Manaus Brazil recall BMI, BMI , (BMI) race examined Results 55 51.9% 519 51 9 (51.9% 917 91 7 91.7% 119 11 11. 11.6 116 (11. 11.4 114 4 (1 12.7 127 (12. statusparental parental However classes 157.9 1579 157 (157. 1594 159 159. cm. cm . cm) Conclusion 101 01 1,0 (BMI 5 51.9 (51.9 91.7 (11 ( 12. 157. 15 (157 0 1, 51. (51. 91. (15 (51 (5

ABSTRACT Introduction Our society’s characteristics, with their constant evolution and globalization, have shown a significant impact on the way jobs have been structured over the years, with one of the most highlighted aspects being the possibility of practicing telecommuting. The prevalence of telecommuting and other forms of remote work enabled by technological innovations has increased in recent years. Objectives Exploring the most recently published literature on telecommuting; examining its relationship with psychosocial risk factors and making inferences about the need for the implementation and improvement of policies aimed at promoting mental health in occupational settings, with a focus on preventing psychosocial risks. Methodology Integrative literature review using the terms "teleworking," "remote work," "telework," "telecommuting," "psychosocial risks," "mental health," and "occupational health" in both Portuguese and English. The primary databases used for the research included Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional” and “Direção Geral de Saúde”. A total of 24 documents with the highest relevance to the study’s theme were selected, published between 2010 and 2023. Discussion Psychosocial risks in telecommuting are undergoing constant changes and align with demographic, nature, content and organization. These changes may increase exposure to already recognized psychosocial risks or give rise to new emergent ones. The widespread and unexpected adoption of telecommuting due to COVID-19 with the simultaneous advancement of digitization processes have made telecommuting a more common practice. However, this mass adoption has increased instances of technological stress among workers, potentially leading to adverse consequences for mental health. While the widespread implementation of telecommuting aimed to protect workers from biological risks, it has, in various situations, increased social isolation, work-family conflicts, and a lack of social support, with negative consequences for the mental health of the working population. Conclusion The increasing of telecommuting in our society is leading to assess the psychosocial risk factors that arise with it, so that they are recognized by occupational health experts and intervened upon, thus ensuring that telecommuting becomes healthier.

RESUMO Introdução As sociedades atuais e a sua constante evolução e globalização, têm demonstrado um impacto significativo na forma como se estruturam os postos de trabalho ao longo dos anos, nos quais, mais recentemente e com maior tradução mediática, se destaca a possibilidade de praticar teletrabalho, potenciada pela inovação tecnológica. Objetivos Conhecer a literatura mais recentemente publicada acerca do teletrabalho; bem como a sua relação com fatores de risco de origem psicossocial e inferir sobre a necessidade de implementação e aperfeiçoamento de políticas voltadas para promoção da saúde mental em contexto ocupacional, com enfoque na prevenção dos riscos psicossociais. Metodologia Revisão da literatura integrativa com os termos “teleworking”, “remote work”, “telework”, “telecommuting”, “psychosocial risks”, “mental health” e “occupational health”, em português e em inglês. Foram utilizadas como principais bases de dados a Pubmed, UpToDate, Clinical Key, Medscape, World Health Organization, International Labour Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, bem como a Revista Portuguesa de Saúde Ocupacional e a Direção Geral de Saúde. Selecionaram-se os 24 documentos com maior relevância na temática em estudo, publicados entre 2010 e 2023. Discussão As fontes de riscos psicossociais do teletrabalho encontram-se em constante mudança e acompanham as alterações demográficas e da organização. A prática de teletrabalho parece ser uma oferta cada vez mais comum, a sua adoção em larga escala e inesperada devido à COVID-19 e coligada ao enorme avanço dos processos de digitalização, aumentaram as situações de stress tecnológico entre os trabalhadores, com possíveis consequências adversas para a saúde mental. Esta massificação do Teletrabalho, embora com o intuito de proteger os trabalhadores relativamente a um risco biológico aumentou, em diversas situações, o isolamento social, os conflitos trabalho-família e a falta de suporte social, com consequências negativas na saúde mental da população ativa. Conclusão Com o aumento deste tipo de trabalho emerge a necessidade de avaliar os fatores de risco psicossociais que surgem em conformidade, para que estes sejam reconhecidos pelos peritos em saúde ocupacional e intervencionados, assegurando assim que o teletrabalho se torna mais saudável.

Resumen El cáncer gástrico es un proceso fatal cuyos factores de riesgo incluyen la infección por Helicobacter pylori, la anemia perniciosa, la ingesta de compuestos nitrosos, el abuso de alcohol, el tabaquismo y el sexo masculino. El seguimiento endoscópico ha definido la progresión histológica de lesiones premalignas a lesiones malignas. Sin embargo, los tumores gástricos exhiben diferentes y muy variadas variaciones histológicas, comportamientos clínicos y respuestas a tratamiento. Esta gran heterogeneidad intrapaciente e interpaciente ha obligado a la búsqueda de principios reguladores que gobiernen la evolución del cáncer gástrico. Los programas avanzados de bioinformática, la tecnología de microarreglos de ADN y la genómica funcional han ayudado a integrar la estructura, función y dinámica de moléculas biológicas expresadas o secretadas por las células epiteliales cancerosas que han modificado la clasificación del cáncer gástrico.

Abstract Gastric cancer is a fatal process whose risk factors include infection by Helicobacter pylori, pernicious anemia, nitroso compounds, alcohol abuse, cigarette smoking, and male gender. Endoscopic surveillance has defined the histological progression of premalignant to malignant lesions. Nevertheless, gastric tumors exhibit distinct histologic variations, clinical behaviors, and treatment responses. This “intra and interpatient heterogeneity” has obliged us to search for key principles governing gastric cancer evolution. Advanced bioinformatics programs, DNA microarray technology, and functional genomics have helped to integrate the structure, function, and dynamics of biological molecules expressed or secreted by cancer epithelial cells that have modified the classification of gastric cancer.

A key global change challenge is to significantly reduce the risks of alien taxa causing harmful impacts without compromising the rights of citizens. As part of efforts to address this challenge, South Africa promulgated comprehensive regulations and lists of alien taxa in 2014. In this paper, we review how the lists developed, changed overtime, and how they have been implemented. As of March 2021, 560 taxa were listed under four broad regulatory categories, and between 2014 and 2020, almost 3000 permits were issued to regulate the continued use of listed taxa. The full lists of regulated taxa, permits issued, and corresponding regulations are available in the Supplementary material. A proposed standardised, transparent, and science-informed process to revise the regulatory lists is also presented - as of 30 April 2024, risk analyses have been developed for 140 taxa using the Risk Analysis for Alien Taxa (RAAT) framework and reviewed by an independent scientific body [the Alien Species Risk Analysis Review Panel (ASRARP)] with input from taxon-specific experts. These recommendations are being considered by an interdepartmental governmental decision-making body established in March 2023 [the Risk Analysis Review Committee (RARC)]. Finally, key issues with the listing of alien taxa in South Africa that remain to be resolved are presented. As South Africa's regulatory framework continues to develop, the process of listing and regulating alien taxa will, we believe, become more transparent, consistent, and acceptable to stakeholders, and ultimately facilitate efforts to reduce the harmful impacts of alien taxa. SIGNIFICANCE: The regulation of alien species is a major part of how South Africa addresses biological invasions. For this process to be effective, relevant stakeholders need to be engaged and involved. This paper outlines how species have been regulated in the past, provides regulatory lists in accessible formats, and analyses how the lists have changed over time. A transparent, science-informed process to update the regulatory lists is presented and progress to date reviewed. This process aims to engage interested and affected parties in efforts to preserve the benefits of alien species while reducing the harmful impacts of invasions.

Abstract Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of dermatological manifestations in Mexican patients with common variable immunodeficiency. Methods: Cross-sectional and retrospective study, based on the analysis of records of patients with a diagnosis of common variable mmunodeficiency, treated at the Siglo XXI National Medical Center (Mexican Social Security Institute), according to the criteria of the European Society of Immunodeficiencies (ESID). and of which only 3 had a genetic diagnosis with the following mutations: IRF2, CTLA4 and PIK-3, belonging to the Immunodeficiency Clinic of the National Medical Center Siglo XXI (IMSS), to evaluate dermatological manifestations, review of laboratory tests: IgA, IgM, IgG and type of replacement therapy with Immunoglobulin. The statistical analysis was carried out with the SPSS program; Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, according to the type of variable to be analyzed. Results: 36 patients were included, of which 55.5% were women; with median age 34 years (18-94). The prevalence of dermatological manifestations was 70% (n = 25). 30.5% had a history of infectious dermatosis and 39.5% had a history of non-infectious dermatosis. The most common dermatosis was irritant contact dermatitis in 13.8% of patients. All received replacement therapy with human immunoglobulin, 33.3% intravenously and the rest subcutaneously. Conclusions: Common variable immunodeficiency is an inborn error of immunity, with different clinical manifestations in various organs and systems (the skin is one of these). Dermatological manifestations are not usually described in patients with common variable immunodeficiency; However, it is important to identify them due to their relationship with certain complications (increased risk of superinfection), due to skin disruption and biological therapies.

Resumen Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes mexicanos con inmunodeficiencia común variable. Métodos: Estudio transversal y retrospectivo, fundamentado en el análisis de expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de inmunodeficiencia común variable, atendidos en el Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (Instituto Mexicano del seguro Social), según los criterios de la Sociedad Europea de Inmunodeficiencias (ESID) y de los que solo 3 tenían diagnóstico genético con las siguientes mutaciones: IRF2, CTLA4 y PIK-3, ertenecientes a la Clínica de Inmunodeficiencias del Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI (IMSS), para evaluar las manifestaciones dermatológicas, revisión de exámenes de laboratorio: IgA, IgM, IgG y tipo de terapia de reemplazo con Inmunoglobulina. El análisis estadístico se ejecutó con el programa SPSS; para el análisis de los datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva, de acuerdo con el tipo de variable a analizar. Resultados: Se incluyeron 36 pacientes, de los que 55.5% correspondieron a mujeres; con mediana de edad 34 años (18-94). La prevalencia de anifestaciones dermatológicas fue de 70% (n = 25). El 30.5% tuvo antecedente de dermatosis infecciosa y 39.5% dermatosis no infecciosa. La dermatosis más frecuente fue dermatitis de contacto irritativa en 13.8% de los pacientes. Todos recibieron terapia de reemplazo con inmunoglobulina humana, 33.3% por vía intravenosa y el resto por vía subcutánea. Conclusiones: La inmunodeficiencia común variable es un error innato de la inmunidad, con diferentes manifestaciones clínicas en diversos órganos y sistemas (la piel supone uno de estos). Las manifestaciones dermatológicas no suelen describirse en pacientes con inmunodeficiencia común variable; sin embargo, es importante identificarlas por su relación con ciertas complicaciones (incremento del riesgo de sobreinfección), debido a la disrupción de la piel y terapias biológicas.

RESUMEN Introducción: El reemplazo valvular aórtico (RVA) en pacientes con riesgo quirúrgico intermedio (RI) es el más desafiante al momento de decidir el tipo de prótesis a utilizar. Las válvulas de rápido implante (RD-V) serían una alternativa a considerar en este grupo específico. Objetivos: Comparar mortalidad temprana, complicaciones postoperatorias y parámetros hemodinámicos transvalvulares en el RVA con válvulas tradicionales vs. RD-V en pacientes de RI. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes consecutivos de RI (STS-PROM 4-8) intervenidos por RVA con prótesis tradicionales y RD-V en el período 2007-2023. Resultados: Se incluyeron 205 pacientes (140 con prótesis tradicionales vs. 65 con RD-V). El riesgo preoperatorio fue semejante en ambos grupos (STS-PROM 5,07% vs. 5,7%, p=0,210). El abordaje miniinvasivo fue más frecuente en RD-V (32,3% vs 0,7%, p<0,001). El tiempo de circulación extracorpórea y clampeo fue significativamente menor en RD-V (134,5 vs.100 min y 104 vs 73 min respectivamente, p<0,001). Hubo tendencia a menor implante de marcapasos con las válvulas tradicionales (4,3% vs. 10,8%, p=0,075). No se observaron diferencias significativas en las complicaciones postoperatorias; hubo fuerte tendencia a menor mortalidad a los 30 días con RD-V (0% vs. 5,7% para válvulas tradicionales, p=0,057). El gradiente protésico medio postoperatorio fue significativamente menor para el grupo RD-V (7,90±3,3 mmHg vs. 12,74±6,07 mmHg, p<0,001). No hubo diferencias respecto a incidencia de trombosis valvular o endocarditis protésica. Conclusiones: Las válvulas de rápido implante presentaron tendencia a menor mortalidad, menor tiempo de circulación extracorpórea/clampeo, mejor perfil hemodinámico y mayor facilidad de implante por abordaje miniinvasivo.

ABSTRACT Background: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) in intermediate-risk (IR) patients is particularly challenging when determining the type of prosthesis to use. Rapid-deployment valves (RD-V) are emerging as a potential alternative in this patient population. Objectives: To compare early mortality, postoperative complications, and transvalvular hemodynamic parameters between AVR with conventional valves and RD-V in IR patients. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study of consecutive IR patients (STS-Prom score 4-8) undergoing AVR with conventional prostheses and RD-V between 2007 and 2023. Results: A total of 205 patients were included (140 AVR vs. 65 RD-V). Surgical risk was similar between both groups (STS-Prom 5.07 % vs. 5.7 % respectively, p = 0.210). The minimally invasive approach was more common in the RD-V group (32.3% vs. 0.7%, p < 0.001). The cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time was significantly shorter in the RD-V group (134.5 vs. 100 min and 104 vs. 73 min, respectively, p < 0.001). There was a trend to lower incidence of pacemaker implantation in the conventional valve group (4.3% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.075). There were no significant differences in postoperative complications, and a strong trend to lower 30-dat mortality with RD-V (0% vs. 5.7% for conventional valves, p = 0.057). The mean postoperative gradient across the prosthesis was significantly lower in the RD-V group (7.90 ± 3.3 mm Hg vs. 12.74 ± 6.07 mm Hg, p < 0.001). There were no differences in the incidence of valve thrombosis or prosthetic endocarditis. Conclusions: Rapid deployment valves demonstrated trend to lower mortality, shorter cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time, improved hemodynamic profile, and were easier to implant via a minimally invasive approach.

ABSTRACT Introduction: A narrative review was carried out of the studies published from 2016 to 2021 on the clinical, etiological, imaging and therapeutic aspects of the different clinical forms of vascular cerebral disease in the elderly. The databases of Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Cochrane and Google Scholar were consulted. Original articles, published in peer-reviewed journals, that included patients over 65 years of age, with a diagnosis of cerebral vascular disease, were taken into account. Objective: Update on the particularities of cerebral vascular disease in older adults. Development: In cerebrovascular disease of the elderly, particular conditions are observed: biological, psychological and social, which are less frequent or may even be absent in younger age groups. Large vessel atherosclerosis, cardioembolism, small vessel disease, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy are the predominant etiologies, although other causes may exist. Vascular cognitive impairment represents the second cause of dementia and is a clinical form of presentation of cerebral vascular disease in this age group. Conclusions: Cerebrovascular disease in the elderly presents particular characteristics that are summarized in: greater comorbidity and richness of risk factors, which require a systemic, dialectically interrelated and personalized diagnostic approach, in which neuroimaging occupies a unique place. importance; which, in interaction with the clinic, will allow a more comprehensive diagnosis and evolutionary follow-up of these patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de los estudios publicados desde 2016 hasta 2021 sobre los aspectos clínicos, etiológicos, imagenológicos y terapéuticos de las diferentes formas clínica de la enfermedad cerebral vascular en los ancianos. Se consultaron las bases de datos de Medline (PubMed), SciELO, Cochrane y Google Académico. Se tuvieron en cuenta los artículos originales, publicados en revistas con revisión por pares, que incluyeran pacientes mayores de 65 años, con diagnóstico de enfermedad vascular cerebral. Objetivo: Actualizar sobre las particularidades de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en el adulto mayor. Desarrollo: En la enfermedad cerebrovascular del adulto mayor se observan condiciones particulares: biológicas, psicológicas y sociales, que son menos frecuente o incluso pueden estar ausentes, en los grupos etarios más jóvenes. La arterioesclerosis de grandes vasos, el cardioembolismo, la enfermedad de pequeños vasos y la angiopatía cerebral amiloidea constituyen las etiologías predominantes, aunque pueden existir otras causas. El deterioro cognitivo vascular representa la segunda causa de demencia y es una forma clínica de presentación de la enfermedad vascular cerebral en este grupo etario. Conclusiones: La enfermedad cerebrovascular en el adulto mayor, presenta características particulares que se resumen en: mayor comorbilidad y riqueza de factores de riesgo, que obligan a un enfoque diagnóstico sistémico, dialécticamente interrelacionado y personalizado, en el cual las neuroimágenes ocupan un lugar de singular importancia; que, en interacción con la clínica, permitirán un diagnóstico y seguimiento evolutivo más integral de estos pacientes.

ABSTRACT In analytical chemistry laboratories, the basic principles of the study of the chemical composition of a material or sample are verified experimentally, through different methods of analysis, for which reason chemical and biological agents are handled daily, to which workers are exposed; hence the need to assess the risk of exposure. The objective of this work was to evaluate the risks in an analytical chemical laboratory using the semi-quantitative method of William Fine, for which a multidisciplinary commission was created made up of specialists and experts with experience in the subject. It was determined that there is a direct relationship between the chemical, fire and explosion risks, the emanation of vapors of volatile substances, due to very high temperatures, or close to sources of ignition that can cause a fire, and generate a chain of events that, when reacting with other substances, can lead to explosions. The chemical and fire risks were evaluated as critical risks, which require immediate stoppage of the activity, and the mechanical, environmental, explosion, and biological risks were evaluated as notable risks, which require an urgent necessary correction.

RESUMEN En los laboratorios de química analítica se verifican de forma experimental, los principios básicos del estudio de la composición química de un material o muestra, mediante diferentes métodos de análisis, por lo que se manipulan diariamente agentes químicos y biológicos, a los están expuestos los trabajadores; de ahí la necesidad de evaluar el riesgo de exposición. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los riesgos en un laboratorio químico analítico mediante el método semicuantitativo de William Fine, para lo cual se creó una comisión multidisciplinaria constituida por especialistas y expertos con experiencia en el tema. Se determinó que xiste una relación directa entre el riesgo químico, el de incendio y el de explosión la emanación de vapores de sustancias volatiles, debido a temperaturas muy altas, o próximas a fuentes de ignición que puedan provocar un incendio, y generar una cadena de acontacimientos que al reaccionar con otras sustancias pueden dar lugar a explosiones. Los riesgos químico y de incendios fueron evaluados como riesgos criticos los cuales requieren de detención inmediata de la actividad y los riesgos mecánico, ambiental, de explosión y biológico fueron evaluados como riesgos notables por lo que requieren una correción necesaria urgente.

Abstract Fungal contamination is an important problem in cannabis and medical cannabis production, as fungi can produce toxic compounds or reduce the quality and safety of the product. The aim of this study was to perform a bibliometric evaluation related to fungal contamination in cannabis, analyzing current trends in this field and providing future perspectives for research. For this purpose, an exhaustive search was carried out in the scientific literature in electronic databases such as Scopus and Web of Science (WOS), covering the period from 2000 to 2023. The results obtained were processed through bibliometrics and network analysis, using tools such as RStudio and Bibliometrix software. The results revealed that the main themes associated with fungal contamination in cannabis are focused on: diseases related to fungal contamination of the plant, use of fungi as an alternative biological control in cannabis cultivation, metabolites associated with cannabis and their potential in fungal control, as well as fungal diversity in cannabis cultivation and postharvest and the risk to consumer health. Finally, future research areas are proposed to address the challenge of fungal contamination in medicinal cannabis production, covering topics such as pest control, contamination, genetic resistance, active compounds, analysis methods, and the impact of fungi on cannabis.

Resumo A contaminação fúngica é um problema importante na produção da cannabis e cannabis medicinal, pois os fungos podem produzir compostos tóxicos ou reduzir a qualidade e a segurança do produto. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma avaliação bibliométrica relacionada à contaminação fúngica na cannabis, analisando as tendências atuais nesse campo e fornecendo perspectivas futuras para a pesquisa. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca exaustiva na literatura científica em bases de dados eletrônicas como Scopus e Web of Science (WOS), abrangendo o período de 2000 a 2023. Os resultados obtidos foram processados por meio de bibliometria e análise de redes, utilizando ferramentas como o software RStudio e Bibliometrix. Os resultados revelaram que os principais temas associados à contaminação fúngica na cannabis estão focados em: doenças relacionadas à contaminação fúngica da planta, uso de fungos como alternativa de controle biológico no cultivo da cannabis, metabólitos associados à cannabis e seu potencial no controle de fungos, bem como a diversidade fúngica no cultivo e pós-colheita da cannabis e o risco à saúde dos consumidores. Por último, são sugeridas futuras áreas de pesquisa para enfrentar o desafio da contaminação fúngica na produção de cannabis medicinal, abordando temas como controle de pragas, contaminação, resistência genética, compostos ativos, métodos de análise e impacto dos fungos na cannabis.

RESUMEN Introducción: En la actualidad, el riesgo biológico ha pasado de ser un escenario desconocido a formar parte de la cotidianidad. Se considera un aspecto básico y necesario la superación continua de los trabajadores expuestos a riesgos biológicos, para la prevención de enfermedades ocupacionales en el ambiente laboral. Objetivo: Fundamentar la importancia de la capacitación para la prevención de enfermedades ocupacionales por exposición a riesgos biológicos. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de investigaciones situadas en bases de datos y revistas científicas indexadas. Se abordó como temática principal la capacitación para la prevención de enfermedades ocupacionales por exposición a riesgos biológicos. Antes de la búsqueda de información, se revisaron las palabras claves según el tesauro DeCS/MeSH y el uso de operadores booleanos "AND" y "OR".Se realizaron la selección de artículos mediante la lectura de títulos y resúmenes. Fueron elegidos 27 artículos. El 92,3 % de los últimos cinco años. Desarrollo: Se evidenció que la capacitación laboral en el área de salud y seguridad del trabajo, tiene como objetivo transmitir conocimientos a los trabajadores que le permitan el cumplimiento de normas y leyes de bioseguridad. Identificar las necesidades de aprendizaje para trazar estrategias de capacitación garantizará prácticas seguras encaminadas a la protección de los trabajadores, medio ambiente y brindar una atención médica de calidad. Conclusiones : La capacitación es un elemento clave para dotar al personal expuesto a riesgos biológicos de conocimientos imprescindibles para el cumplimiento de normas y procedimientos con el fin de prevenir accidentes y enfermedades ocupacionales en el entorno laboral.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Nowadays, biological risk has gone from being an unknown scenario to being part of everyday life. The continuous improvement of workers exposed to biological risks is considered a basic and necessary aspect, for the prevention of occupational diseases in the work environment. Objective: To substantiate the importance of training for the prevention of occupational diseases due to exposure to biological risks. Methods: A systematic review of research located in databases and indexed scientific journals were carried out. Training for the prevention of occupational diseases due to exposure to biological risks was addressed as the main topic. Before searching for information, the keywords were reviewed according to the DeCS/MeSH thesaurus and the use of Boolean operators "AND" and "OR". Articles were selected by reading titles and summaries. 27 articles were chosen. 92.3% of the last five years. Development: It is evident that job training in the area of occupational health and safety aims to transmit knowledge to workers that allows them to comply with biosafety standards and laws. Identifying learning needs to draw up training strategies will guarantee safe practices aimed at protecting workers, the environment, and providing quality medical care. Conclusions: Training is a key element to provide personnel exposed to biological risks with essential knowledge for compliance with standards and procedures in order to prevent accidents and occupational diseases in the work environment.

RESUMEN Introducción: Las condiciones laborales anormales son circunstancias de trabajo existentes en actividades en cuyo desempeño, se presentan factores de riesgos con cierto grado de influencia que pueden afectar la salud de los trabajadores y provocar enfermedades profesionales o accidentes de trabajo y que no es posible minimizarlas con la aplicación de medidas técnicas y organizativas. Objetivos: Implementar un nuevo diagnóstico de condiciones laborales anormales, certificarlas en una selección de puestos de trabajo y legalizarlas para reconocer el pago económico adicional por ese concepto. Método: Los métodos y técnicas de investigación utilizados fueron las entrevistas, las encuestas, la observación y la consulta bibliográfica, dirigida a los factores de riesgos, enfermedades profesionales y accidentes de trabajo a los que se exponen los trabajadores, evaluando los resultados de las condiciones laborales anormales. Resultados: Se localizaron en las brigadas de trabajo factores de riesgos con cierto nivel de predominio. El 17 % de los operarios refieren primariamente el esfuerzo físico y la postura del trabajador, mientras el 83 % exponen la tensión nerviosa, inadecuados niveles de temperatura y humedad, así como la presencia de impureza y toxicidad del aire en el entorno laboral. Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgos de mayor relevancia encontrados son la postura del trabajador y la impureza y toxicidad del aire vinculado estrechamente al desarrollo de las enfermedades profesionales u ocupacionales como el síndrome del túnel carpiano causadas por las posturas extremas del cuerpo y la intoxicación provocada por la exposición a agentes biológicos y el trabajo con sustancias químicas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Abnormal working conditions are working circumstances existing in activities whose performance, risk factors with a certain degree of influence are presented what can affect the health of workers and cause occupational diseases or work accidents and these cannot be minimized with the application of technical and organizational measures. Objectives: Certify abnormal working conditions in a selection of jobs and recognize additional financial payment for this concept. Method: The research methods and techniques used were interviews, surveys, observation and bibliography consultation aimed at factors for occupational diseases and work accidents to which workers are exposed when evaluating the results of abnormal working conditions. Results: Risk factors with a certain level of predominance were located in the work brigades. The 17% of the operators, they primarily refer to the physical effort and posture of the worker, while 83%expose nervous tension, temperature and humidity, impurity and toxicity of the air. Conclusions: The most relevant risk factors are the workers posture and the impurity and toxicity of the air closely linked to the development of occupational diseases how carpal tunnel syndrome caused by extreme body posture anger and intoxication caused by exposure to biological agents and work with chemicals.

RESUMEN Introducción: La fiebre es un marcador de enfermedades infecciosas e inflamatorias que se da por una respuesta inmune innata y por diferentes mediaciones entre marcadores moleculares. En el paciente inmunodeprimido, uno o varios mecanismos inmunológicos pueden estar alterados, debido a que la respuesta inmune puede estar deprimida y la fiebre puede denotar un estado patológico grave subyacente. Se realizó una búsqueda exploratoria en las bases de datos PubMed/Medline, Scopus y Scielo entre septiembre y octubre de 2022. Se incluyeron los términos fiebre, pacientes inmunodeprimidos, tratamiento y sistema inmune. Se seleccionaron 41 artículos científicos con diferentes diseños epidemiológicos. Objetivo: Describir aspectos relacionados con la fisiopatología de la fiebre, el tratamiento de la presencia de fiebre en pacientes con virus de inmunodeficiencia humana y síndrome de inmunodeficiencia adquirida, así como también en pacientes receptores de trasplantes de órgano sólido y de trasplantes hematopoyéticos, pacientes neutropénicos y pacientes tratados con corticosteroides y terapia biológica. Desarrollo: El tratamiento del paciente inmunodeprimido con fiebre incluye aspectos fundamentales como una adecuada anamnesis y examen físico, además de pruebas diagnósticas orientadas para establecer la causa de la fiebre. En estos pacientes, las infecciones juegan un papel protagónico y su intervención temprana es fundamental para impactar en la morbimortalidad. Conclusiones: El paciente inmunodeprimido con presencia de fiebre presenta un panorama desafiante para su manejo médico integral. Entre otros aspectos es relevante considerar el tipo y tiempo de inmunosupresión, así como los factores de riesgo, con el fin de orientar los diagnósticos y tratamientos.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Fever is a marker of infectious and inflammatory diseases that is caused by an innate immune response and by different mediations between molecular markers. In the immunocompromised patient, one or more immunological mechanisms may be altered because the immune response may be compromised, and fever may denote a serious underlying disease state. An exploratory search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Scielo databases between September and October 2022. The terms fever immunocompromised patients, treatment, and immune system. A total of 41 scientific articles with different epidemiological designs were selected. Objective: To describe aspects related to the pathophysiology of fever, management of the presence of fever in patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, as well as in patients who have received solid organ transplants and hematopoietic transplants, neutropenic patients and patients treated with corticosteroids and biological therapy. Developing: The approach to the immunocompromised patient with fever includes fundamental aspects such as an adequate history and physical examination, as well as diagnostic tests aimed at establishing the cause of the fever. In these patients, infections play a leading role and early intervention is essential to impact morbidity and mortality. Conclusions: The immunocompromised patient with the presence of fever presents a challenging panorama for his/her comprehensive medical approach. Among other aspects, it is relevant to consider the type and duration of immunosuppression, as well as the risk factors, to guide diagnoses and treatments.