Abstract: The article discusses the experience of developing a mechanism for the assessment of the undergraduate degree of nine low-enrollment educational programs of the Autonomous University of Baja California: Plastic Arts, Bioengineering, Teaching Mathematics, Teaching Language and Literature, Renewable Energy Engineering, Language Teaching, Oceanology, Sociology, and Translation. For its development a comprehensive evaluation methodology was considered, able to highlight the participation of academic communities and to reflect the institutional perspective of each discipline to obtain an unprecedented graduate evaluation exercise for the degrees in question. The need to ensure the formative use of the results and to consider this exercise as an input for curriculum improvement is concluded.

Resumen: El artículo aborda la experiencia de desarrollo de un mecanismo para la evaluación del egreso de nivel licenciatura de nueve programas educativos de baja matrícula de la Universidad Autónoma de Baja California: Artes plásticas, Bioingeniería, Docencia de la matemática, Docencia de la lengua y la literatura, Ingeniería en energías renovables, Enseñanza de lenguas, Oceanología, Sociología y Traducción. Para su desarrollo se consideró una metodología de evaluación comprensiva, capaz de resaltar la participación de las comunidades académicas y de reflejar la perspectiva institucional de cada disciplina para obtener un ejercicio de evaluación del egreso, inédito para las licenciaturas en cuestión. Se concluye la necesidad de velar por el uso formativo de los resultados y considerar este ejercicio como un insumo de mejora curricular.

Abstract Biological reactors applied to the industrial production of bioproducts of commercial interest have been an increasingly used tool which led to the study of engineering methods such as the design and construction to maximize the performance of the processes that take place inside of the bioreactor. The analysis of the methods and tools for the control of basic parameters and their adjustment according to the type of microorganism has been the main interest of this field of study, as well as the ease with which the inconveniences that occur during the fermentation process can be resolved. Solid-state operation bioreactors have many advantages in the production of fungal biomass due to the easiness of assembly and operating control conditions. The aim of this project was the design and optimization of an existing bioreactor that allows the production of T. asperellum fungal biomass with an optimal control of the asepsis and physical factors of fermentation.

Resumen Los reactores biológicos aplicados a la producción industrial de bioproductos de interés comercial son una herramienta cada vez más aprovechada y, a partir de esto, ha surgido la necesidad de estudiar la ingeniería aplicada al diseño y construcción de los biorreactores para maximizar el rendimiento de los procesos biológicos que ocurren en él. El análisis de los métodos y herramientas para el control de parámetros básicos y su ajuste de acuerdo al tipo de microorganismo en estudio ha sido el principal interés de esta ciencia, así como también la facilidad con la que se pudieran resolver los inconvenientes que tienen lugar durante el proceso de fermentación. Los biorreactores de operación en estado sólido presentan numerosas ventajas en la utilización para la producción de biomasa fúngica debido a la facilidad en el montaje del mismo y control de condiciones de operación. Con el objetivo de la optimización de un reactor existente para procesos de fermentación, se ha buscado un diseño que posibilite la producción de biomasa fúngica de T. asperellum con un control óptimo de la asepsia del cultivo y los parámetros físicos del proceso.

Introdução: Recentes progressos feitos na bioengenharia de enxertos cardíacos oferecem nova modalidade terapêutica para a regeneração do tecido cardíaco pós-infarto do miocárdio. O CD34 é marcador que expressa todas as células precursoras hematopoiéticas e endoteliais, e funciona como fator de adesão celular. O anticorpo que correspondente a este marcador é utilizado na imunoistoquímica para avaliar a formação de novos vasos e a presença de células-tronco. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia da omentopexia na neovascularização e células-tronco. Métodos:  Revisão colhendo informações publicadas em plataformas virtuais selecionadas (SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed e Scopus).  A busca iniciou-se por descritores relacionados ao tema, identificados por meio do DeCS/MESH nos seguintes descritores: “isquemia miocárdica; revascularização miocárdica; omentopexia; imunoistoquímica; CD34; células-tronco” e seus equivalentes em inglês: “stem cell; myocardial ischemia; myocardial revascularization; omentopexy; immunohistochemistry; CD34”. Foram lidos pelo título e resumo, com busca AND ou OR seguindo-se da leitura na íntegra daqueles com maior relação ao tema. Foram incluídos o total de 23 artigos. Resultados: O omento maior tem propriedade clínica marcante em conter sítios de danos teciduais. Ele aumenta seu volume tecidual em resposta às partículas estranhas e inflamatórias envolvendo diversas células imunomoduladoras com células progenitoras, em um processo chamado “ativação do omento”. Conclusão: A cárdio-omentopexia associada à abrasão mecânica e perfurações miocárdicas, mostra ser eficiente na indução de neovascularização. O omento maior promove células-tronco - confirmadas pelo CD34 -, demonstrando grande potencial como futura terapêutica para restaurar áreas de miocárdio isquêmico.

Introduction: Recent progress in the bioengineering of cardiac grafts offers a new therapeutic modality for the regeneration of cardiac tissue after myocardial infarction. CD34 is a marker that expresses all hematopoietic and endothelial precursor cells, and functions as a cell adhesion factor. The antibody corresponding to this marker is used in immunohistochemistry to evaluate the formation of new vessels and the presence of stem cells. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of omentopexy in neovascularization and stem cells. Methods: Review collecting information published on selected virtual platforms (SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus). The search began with descriptors related to the topic, identified through DeCS/MESH in the following: “myocardial ischemia; myocardial revascularization; omentopexy; immunohistochemistry; CD34; stem cells”. They were read by title and summary, with an AND or OR search followed by the full reading of those most closely related to the topic. A total of 23 articles were included. Results: The greater omentum has a remarkable clinical property in containing sites of tissue damage. It increases its tissue volume in response to foreign and inflammatory particles involving several immunomodulatory cells with progenitor cells, in a process called “omentum activation”. Conclusion: Cardio-omentopexy associated with mechanical abrasion and myocardial perforations proves to be efficient in inducing neovascularization. The greater omentum promotes stem cells - confirmed by CD34 -, demonstrating great potential as a future therapy to restore areas of ischemic myocardium.

ABSTRACT Mining in the municipality of Capitão Poço, Pará, has resulted in soil degradation as the main consequence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the stocks of the elements (N, P, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Zn, Cu, and Mn) in roots in areas of post-pebble mining recovery in Pará, Brazil. The study was carried out in four areas, namely the area under recovery with soil bioengineering techniques (complementary construction technique and soil stabilization technique), the area under recovery with a natural regeneration process, the degraded area, and the native forest located in the municipality of Capitão Poço-PA. Roots were collected at 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-80, and 80-100 cm soil layers, quantified the dry biomass and contents of macro and micronutrients, and then, estimated the stocks of elements in roots. The data of the element stocks in roots were subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality tests and analysis of variance. Means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% significance using the SISVAR statistical software. The highest average Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ values in fine roots were in areas with bioengineering and native forest. The native forest presented the highest average values of macro and micronutrients in fine and thick roots. Furthermore, the lowest stocks of elements in roots were in the degraded area. However, bioengineering techniques are effective in recovering degraded soils, as vegetation cover reestablishes the balance of the soil-plant system. Poço Pará consequence Therefore N, N (N P K K+ Na Na+ Ca2 Ca Ca2+ Mg2 Mg Fe Zn Cu Mn postpebble post pebble Brazil complementary technique, , technique) process PoçoPA. PoçoPA PA. PA Poço-PA 010, 010 0 10, 10 0-10 1020, 1020 20, 20 10-20 2030, 2030 30, 30 20-30 3040, 3040 40, 40 30-40 4050, 4050 50, 50 40-50 5060, 5060 60, 60 50-60 6080, 6080 80, 80 60-80 80100 100 80-10 layers then ShapiroWilk Shapiro Wilk variance 5 software Furthermore However soils soilplant plant system 01 1 0-1 102 2 10-2 203 3 20-3 304 4 30-4 405 40-5 506 6 50-6 608 8 60-8 8010 80-1 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 60- 801 80-

RESUMO A mineração no município de Capitão Poço, Pará tem acarretado, como principal consequência, a degradação do solo. Desta forma, o objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os estoques dos elementos N, P, K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe, Zn, Cu e Mn em raízes sob áreas em recuperação por mineração de seixos no Pará, Brasil. O estudo foi desenvolvido em quatro áreas, sendo elas a área em recuperação com técnicas de bioengenharia de solos (técnica de construção complementares e técnica de estabilização de solo), a área em recuperação com processo de regeneração natural, a área degradada e a floresta nativa, localizadas no município de Capitão Poço. Para análise dos estoques de elementos em raízes, foram coletados raízes nas profundidades 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40, 40-50, 50-60, 60-80 e 80-100 cm, depois quantificada a biomassa seca e macros e micronutrientes. Para obtenção dos resultados, os estoques de elementos em raízes foram submetidos aos testes de normalidade Shapiro e Wilk e às análises de variância. A comparação das médias foi realizada pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de significância e utilizado o software estatístico SISVAR. Os maiores valores médios de Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ em raízes finas foram nas áreas com bioengenharia e floresta nativa. Ademais, a floresta nativa apresentou os maiores valores médios de macro e micronutrientes em raízes finas e grossas. Outrossim, os menores estoques de elementos em raízes foram na area degradada. Contudo, as técnicas de bioengenharia são eficazes para recuperar solos degradados, dado que, a cobertura vegetal reestabelece o equilíbrio do sistema solo-planta. Poço acarretado consequência solo forma N P K K+ Na Na+ Ca2 Ca Ca2+ Mg2 Mg Fe Zn Brasil solo, , solo) natural 010, 010 0 10, 10 0-10 1020, 1020 20, 20 10-20 2030, 2030 30, 30 20-30 3040, 3040 40, 40 30-40 4050, 4050 50, 50 40-50 5060, 5060 60, 60 50-60 6080 80 60-8 80100 100 80-10 cm resultados variância 5 SISVAR Ademais grossas Outrossim Contudo degradados que soloplanta. soloplanta planta. planta solo-planta 01 1 0-1 102 2 10-2 203 3 20-3 304 4 30-4 405 40-5 506 6 50-6 608 8 60- 8010 80-1 0- 10- 20- 30- 40- 50- 801 80-

RESUMEN Introducción: Actualmente la bioingeniería ha avanzado tanto como otras ciencias, se han desarrollado técnicas de regeneración a nivel pulpar con células madre obtenidas de diferentes partes del cuerpo humano como dientes deciduos, ligamento periodontal, papila dental, entre otras. Este procedimiento favorece al paciente al evitar un tratamiento invasivo y mejora la recuperación endodóntica. Objetivo: Analizar la importancia del aprovechamiento de las ventajas de las células madre en los procesos endodónticos como una técnica efectiva para la mejora de la salud bucodental de los pacientes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio investigativo exploratorio, de tipo observacional, descriptivo y transversal, que se apoyó en la hermenéutica para interpretar la revisión sistemática efectuada con la metodología PRISMA 2020 sobre el aprovechamiento de las ventajas de las células madre en los procesos endodónticos como una técnica efectiva para la mejora de la salud bucodental de los pacientes. Se revisaron 22 artículos en las bases de datos de Scielo, Elsevier, Google Académico y Pubmed en idiomas inglés y español, de los últimos siete años. Se determinó la contribución a la ciencia del uso de células madre de acuerdo con el origen y se analizó el impacto que tiene este tipo de tratamiento regenerativo en procedimientos endodónticos. Conclusiones: La práctica profesional en odontología sigue siendo de interés y evoluciona con los diferentes avances de la ciencia para buscar nuevas alternativas de regeneración en campos como la endodoncia.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Currently, bioengineering has advanced as much as other sciences, developing regeneration techniques at pulp level with stem cells obtained from different parts of the human body such as: deciduous teeth, periodontal ligament, dental papilla, among others. As background, it is mentioned that this process is very beneficial for the patient, avoiding invasive treatment and improving endodontic recovery. Objective: To analyze the importance of taking advantage of the benefits of stem cells in endodontic processes as an effective technique for the improvement of patients' oral health. Methods: An exploratory, observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study was carried out. It based on hermeneutics to interpret the systematic review carried out with the PRISMA 2020 methodology on the use of the advantages of stem cells in endodontic processes as an effective technique for the improvement of patients' oral health. It was an and retrospective research. Twenty-two articles were reviewed in the Scielo, Elsevier, Google Scholar and Pubmed databases in English and Spanish, from the last seven years. The contribution to science of the use of stem cells according to their origin was determined and the impact of this type of regenerative treatment in endodontic procedures was analyzed. Conclusion: Professional practice in dentistry continues to be of interest and evolves with the different advances in science to seek new regenerative alternatives in fields such as endodontics.

Pancreatic bioengineering is a potential therapeutic alternative for type 1 diabetes (T1D) in which the pancreas is decellularized, generating an acellular extracellular matrix (ECM) scaffold, which may be reconstituted by recellularization with several cell types to generate a bioartificial pancreas. No consensus for an ideal pancreatic decellularization protocol exists. Therefore, we aimed to determine the best-suited detergent by comparing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium deoxycholate (SDC), and Triton X-100 at different concentrations. Murine (n=12) and human pancreatic tissue from adult brain-dead donors (n=06) was harvested in accordance with Institutional Ethical Committee of the University of São Paulo Medical School (CEP-FMUSP) and decellularized under different detergent conditions. DNA content, histological analysis, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy were assessed. The most adequate condition for pancreatic decellularization was found to be 4% SDC, displaying: a) effective cell removal; b) maintenance of extracellular matrix architecture; c) proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and collagen fibers preservation. This protocol was extrapolated and successfully applied to human pancreas decellularization. The acellular ECM scaffold generated was recelullarized using human pancreatic islets primary clusters. 3D clusters were generated using 0.5×104 cells and then placed on top of acellular pancreatic slices (25 and 50 μm thickness). These clusters tended to connect to the acellular matrix, with visible cells located in the periphery of the clusters interacting with the ECM network of the bioscaffold slices and continued to produce insulin. This study provided evidence on how to improve and accelerate the pancreas decellularization process, while maintaining its architecture and extracellular structure, aiming at pancreatic bioengineering. T1D TD T D (T1D (ECM exists Therefore bestsuited best suited SDS, SDS , (SDS) SDC (SDC) X100 X 100 X-10 concentrations n=12 n12 n 12 (n=12 braindead brain dead n=06 n06 06 (n=06 CEPFMUSP CEP FMUSP (CEP-FMUSP conditions content analysis assessed 4 displaying removal b c proteoglycans GAGs, GAGs (GAGs) preservation 05104 0 5 104 0.5×10 25 (2 thickness. thickness . thickness) insulin process structure (SDS (SDC X10 10 X-1 n=1 n1 (n=1 n=0 n0 (n=0 (GAGs 0510 0.5×1 2 ( X1 X- n= (n= 051 0.5× (n 05 0.5 0.

Abstract Embryo transfer in cattle is an increasingly important technique for cattle production. Full attainment of the benefits of the technology will depend on overcoming hurdles to optimal performance using embryos produced in vitro. Given its importance, embryo technology research should become a global research priority for animal reproduction science. Among the goals of that research should be developing methods to increase the proportion of oocytes becoming embryos through optimization of in vitro oocyte maturation and in vitro fertilization, producing an embryo competent to establish and maintain pregnancy after transfer, and increasing recipient fertility through selection, management and pharmacological manipulation. The embryo produced in vitro is susceptible to epigenetic reprogramming and methods should be found to minimize deleterious epigenetic change while altering the developmental program of the resultant calf to increase its health and productivity. There are widening opportunities to rethink the technological basis for much of the current practices for production and transfer of embryos because of explosive advances in fields of bioengineering such as microfluidics, three-dimensional printing of cell culture materials, organoid culture, live-cell imaging, and cryopreservation. importance science fertilization selection manipulation productivity microfluidics threedimensional three dimensional materials livecell live imaging cryopreservation

Abstract The effect of peptide toxins on voltage-gated ion channels can be reliably assessed using electrophysiological assays, such as the patch-clamp technique. However, much of the toxinological research done in Central and South America aims at purifying and characterizing biochemical properties of the toxins of vegetal or animal origin, lacking electrophysiological approaches. This may happen due to technical and infrastructure limitations or because researchers are unfamiliar with the techniques and cellular models that can be used to gain information about the effect of a molecule on ion channels. Given the potential interest of many research groups in the highly biodiverse region of Central and South America, we reviewed the most relevant conceptual and methodological developments required to implement the evaluation of the effect of peptide toxins on mammalian voltage-gated ion channels using patch-clamp. For that, we searched MEDLINE/PubMed and SciELO databases with different combinations of these descriptors: “electrophysiology”, “patch-clamp techniques”, “Ca2+ channels”, “K+ channels”, “cnidarian venoms”, “cone snail venoms”, “scorpion venoms”, “spider venoms”, “snake venoms”, “cardiac myocytes”, “dorsal root ganglia”, and summarized the literature as a scoping review. First, we present the basics and recent advances in mammalian voltage-gated ion channel’s structure and function and update the most important animal sources of channel-modulating toxins (e.g. cnidarian and cone snails, scorpions, spiders, and snakes), highlighting the properties of toxins electrophysiologically characterized in Central and South America. Finally, we describe the local experience in implementing the patch-clamp technique using two models of excitable cells, as well as the participation in characterizing new modulators of ion channels derived from the venom of a local spider, a toxins’ source less studied with electrophysiological techniques. Fostering the implementation of electrophysiological methods in more laboratories in the region will strengthen our capabilities in many fields, such as toxinology, toxicology, pharmacology, natural products, biophysics, biomedicine, and bioengineering. voltagegated voltage gated assays patchclamp patch clamp However origin approaches patchclamp. clamp. MEDLINEPubMed MEDLINE PubMed descriptors electrophysiology, electrophysiology , “electrophysiology” techniques, techniques” Ca2+ Ca2 Ca “Ca2 channels, channels” K+ K “K venoms, venoms venoms” scorpion spider snake cardiac myocytes, myocytes myocytes” dorsal ganglia, ganglia ganglia” review First channel s channelmodulating modulating e.g. eg e g (e.g snails scorpions spiders snakes, snakes snakes) Finally cells fields toxinology toxicology pharmacology products biophysics biomedicine bioengineering “electrophysiology “Ca e.g

Background Diseases associated with the circulatory system are the main causes of worldwide morbidity and mortality, implying the need for vascular implants. Thus, the production of vascular biomaterials has proven to be a promising alternative to therapies used in studies and research related to vascular physiology. Objectives The present project aims to achieve the artificial development of blood vessels through the recellularization of vascular scaffolds derived from bovine placental vessels. Methods The chorioallantoic surface of the bovine placenta was used to produce decellularized biomaterials. For recellularization, 2.5 x 104 endothelial cells were seeded above each decellularized vessel fragment during three or seven days, when culture were interrupted, and the fragments were fixed for cell attachment analysis. Decellularized and recellularized biomaterials were evaluated by basic histology, scanning electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Results The decellularization process produced vessels that maintained natural structure and elastin content, and no cells or gDNA remains were observed. Endothelial precursor cells were also attached to lumen and external surface of the decellularized vessel.Conclusion: Our results show a possibility of future uses of this biomaterial in cardiovascular medicine, as in the development of engineered vessels. mortality implants Thus physiology 25 2 5 2. 10 days interrupted analysis histology microscopy immunohistochemistry content observed vessel.Conclusion vesselConclusion Conclusion medicine 1

Resumo Fundamento As doenças associadas ao aparelho circulatório são as principais causas de morbidade e mortalidade em todo o mundo, implicando a necessidade de implantes vasculares. Assim, a produção de biomateriais vasculares tem se mostrado uma alternativa promissora às terapias utilizadas em estudos e pesquisas relacionados à fisiologia vascular. Objetivos O presente projeto visa ao desenvolvimento artificial de vasos sanguíneos pela recelularização de scaffolds vasculares derivados de vasos placentários bovinos. Métodos A superfície corioalantoide da placenta bovina foi utilizada para produzir biomateriais descelularizados. Para a recelularização, 2,5 x 104 células endoteliais foram semeadas acima de cada fragmento de vaso descelularizado durante três ou sete dias, quando a cultura foi interrompida e os fragmentos foram fixados para análise de adesão celular. Biomateriais descelularizados e recelularizados foram avaliados por histologia básica, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e imuno-histoquímica. Resultados o processo de descelularização produziu vasos que mantiveram a estrutura natural e o conteúdo de elastina, e não foram observadas células e gDNA remanescentes. Além disso, células precursoras endoteliais se ligaram ao lúmen e à superfície externa do vaso descelularizado. Conclusão nossos resultados mostram a possibilidade de usos futuros desse biomaterial na medicina cardiovascular, como, por exemplo, no desenvolvimento de vasos artificiais. mundo Assim vascular bovinos 25 2 5 2, 10 dias celular básica imunohistoquímica. imunohistoquímica imuno histoquímica. histoquímica imuno-histoquímica elastina remanescentes disso cardiovascular como exemplo artificiais 1

Developing biomaterials for tissue regeneration is a promising alternative for the recovery of various tissues, including bone. Atorvastatin (ATV) has a series of beneficial effects which includes bone anabolism, vasodilating, and anti-inflammatory actions. The main objective of this work was to produce and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) matrices incorporated with ATV. Samples were prepared by the solvent casting technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and in vitro release studies were performed. FTIR analysis showed that no chemical bonds were formed between PCL and ATV. SEM analysis showed that the amount of ATV affects sample morphology. According to XRD and thermal analysis, the main ATV characteristics were maintained. The studies showed that PCL/ATV samples release the drug in a prolonged way since its release reaches around 50% after 15000 minutes of analysis and the model that showed the best fit for the studied matrices was the Higuchi model, with a correlation coefficient above 0.95. tissues (ATV anabolism vasodilating antiinflammatory anti inflammatory actions (PCL technique SEM, , (SEM) XRay X Ray XRD, (XRD) FTIR, (FTIR) TGA, TGA (TGA) DSC (DSC performed morphology maintained PCLATV 50 1500 095 0 95 0.95 (SEM (XRD (FTIR (TGA 5 150 09 9 0.9 15 0. 1

Abstract Soil and water bioengineering (SWBE) is a feasible, economical and ecologically friendly alternative to restore the riparian forest areas affected by the Brumadinho mining tailings dam rupture. We evaluated the vegetative propagation capacity by cuttings and initial development of nine native riparian species of the Paraobepa River for use in SWBE techniques. From the results it is possible to separate the species into two distinct groups, namely those that can resprout and produce roots from their cuttings (group 1: Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schltdl., Croton urucurana Baill., Gymnanthes schottiana Müll.Arg., Indigofera suffruticosa Mill. and Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Poir.) and are suitable for use as live cuttings in SWBE techniques; and those which were only able to produce shoots (group 2: Casearia decandra Jacq., Chrysophyllum marginatum (Hook. & Arn.) Radlk., Inga vera Willd. and Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) and should only be used in seedling form to increase the diversity of the interventions. (SWBE feasible rupture techniques groups group 1 L. L (L. Schltdl Schltdl. Baill Baill. MüllArg Müll Arg Müll.Arg. Mill Cav. Cav (Cav. Poir. Poir 2 Jacq Jacq. Hook. Hook (Hook Arn. Arn Radlk Radlk. Willd Raddi interventions (L Müll.Arg (Cav

Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMC) are typical electromechanical transducing materials suitable for use as soft actuators, bioinspired artificial muscles and sensors. However, IPMC produced with platinum films has the great disadvantage of the large number of cracks and wrinkles, which reduce the performance of the electrode. Polyaniline (PANI) is a promising conductive polymer that can address this issue, especially when it is electropolymerized on the platinum surface. An IPMC/PANI actuator was developed by potentiostatic electropolymerization of PANI at 0.9 V in 0.1 M and 0.3 M aniline solution. The characterization revealed that PANI is preferentially electropolymerized in the platinum film cracks and improve the electronic conduction mechanisms, which is not reported so far. The maximum tip displacement of the IPMC/PANI under 5 V was 8.3 mm, while for the IPMC was equal 5.2 mm. These results provide a simple and effective method to repair IPMCs and enhance their electromechanical performances. polymermetal metal (IPMC actuators sensors However wrinkles electrode (PANI issue surface IPMCPANI 09 0 9 0. 01 1 03 3 solution mechanisms far 83 8 8. mm 52 2 5. performances

Resumen Introducción y objetivo. Los avances en el campo de la Ingeniería Tisular han promovido el desarrollo de sustitutos de piel y su aplicación en el campo de la Cirugía Plástica. Uno de los principales inconvenientes de la bioingeniería de la piel es la necesidad de obtener una gran cantidad de células viables en periodos cortos de tiempo, lo que conlleva que el proceso de biofabricación sea largo y complejo. En este estudio se pretende valorar los efectos de la aplicación de tres tipos diferentes de secretoma derivados de células madre mesenquimales humanas en cultivos de fibroblastos con el objetivo de favorecer la escalabilidad de los procesos de fabricación de piel artificial. Material y método. Se evaluaron los efectos a las 24, 48 y 72 horas sobre la viabilidad, la proliferación y la migración celular de fibroblastos humanos tras la aplicación de dos concentraciones (C1 y C2) de tres tipos diferentes de secretoma derivado de células madre mesenquimales humanas. Los resultados in vitro fueron contrastados en un modelo in vivo. Resultados. El uso de secretoma derivado de células madre mesenquimales mejoró los protocolos de cultivo de fibroblastos actualmente disponibles. El uso de secretoma se asoció a un aumento de la proliferación y migración celular manteniendo cifras altas de viabilidad. Los datos fueron especialmente positivos para el secretoma de células madre mesenquimales de pulpa dental y de tejido adiposo. Conclusiones. El efecto de la aplicación de secretoma procedentes de células madre mesenquimales permite mantener cifras de viabilidad celular elevadas, además de incrementar el ritmo de proliferación de fibroblastos. Los estudios in vivo e in vitro no evidenciaron efectos adversos a corto plazo.

Abstract Background and objective. Advances in Tissue Engineering promoted the development of skin substitutes. One of the main drawbacks of skin bioengineering is the requirement of a considerable quantity of viable cells in short periods of time, which leads to a challenging biofabrication process. This article aims to analyse the effects of the application of three different types of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome in fibroblast cultures. The final goal is to achieve new strategies to promote the scalability of artificial skin manufacturing processes. Methods. The effects of the three different types of human mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome were analyzed at 24, 48 and 72 hours. To study cell viability, cell proliferation and cell migration we exposed human fibroblasts to different secretome concentrations (C1 and C2). An in vivo study was proposed to corroborate in vitro results. Results. The use of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome improved the currently available fibroblast culture protocols. The use of secretome was associated with increased cell proliferation and cell migration while maintaining high viability values. Data were especially positive when secretome from dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells and adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cells were applied. Conclusions. The application of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome maintained high cell viability data and increased fibroblast proliferation. In vivo and in vitro studies showed no short-term adverse effects.

RESUMEN El presente trabajo es una reseña original sobre el libro “Medicine-Based Informatics and Engineering” publicado en la colección Lecture Notes in Bioengineering de Springer, en 2022, cuyos editores son los investigadores Franco Simini y Pedro Bertemes-Filho. La reseña busca sintetizar el contenido de los trabajos presentados en los capítulos centrándose en las soluciones desarrolladas. Los editores, a partir de la diversidad de los aportes, vislumbran la integración de visiones, en lo que denominan "Ingeniería Médica".

ABSTRACT This paper is an original review of the book "Medicine-Based Informatics and Engineering" published in Springer's Lecture Notes in Bioengineering collection, in 2022, whose editors are Franco Simini and Pedro Bertemes-Filho. The review aims to synthesize the content of the papers presented in the chapters focusing on the solutions developed. The editors, from the diversity of the contributions, envision the integration of visions, in what they call "Medical Engineering".