Abstract Despite the implementation of preventive care services in the workplace, resistance persists among female survivors of female survivors of intimate partner violence (VAW) to seek help. In this context, a study was conducted with the aim of determining the prevalence of VAW and the factors associated with the intention to seek help among these workers. The study employed a quantitative approach with a descriptive-correlational design and was conducted with a sample of 142 female employees from a bank in La Paz, Bolivia, which has developed initiatives to prevent VAW. The findings revealed that 45.1% of the workers had experienced some form of violence from their partners or ex-partners throughout their relationships. Additionally, factors directly related to the intention to seek help were identified, such as attitudes that disapprove of self-sufficiency in resolving these cases (rs = .390; p < .05) and a state of complacency that minimizes the importance of addressing the problem (rs = .369; p < .05). It is concluded that, beyond sociodemographic factors, erroneous beliefs limit the intention to seek help through available support channels within the organization or other specialized centers.

Resumen A pesar de la implementación de servicios de atención preventiva en el lugar de trabajo, persiste la resistencia entre las trabajadoras sobrevivientes de violencia contra las mujeres (VcM) en relaciones de pareja a buscar ayuda. En este contexto, se realizó una investigación con el objetivo de determinar la prevalencia de VcM y los factores relacionados con la intención de buscar ayuda entre estas trabajadoras. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo con un diseño descriptivo-correlacional, y se realizó en una muestra de 142 funcionarias de un banco en La Paz, Bolivia que ha desarrollado iniciativas para prevenir la VcM. Los hallazgos revelaron que el 45,1 % de las trabajadoras había experimentado algún tipo de violencia por parte de sus parejas o exparejas a lo largo de su relación. Además, se identificaron factores relacionados de forma directa con la intención de buscar ayuda, tales como las actitudes que desaprueban la autosuficiencia en la resolución de estos casos (rs = .390; p<0.05) y un estado de conformismo que minimiza la importancia de afrontar el problema (rs= .369; p<0.05). Se concluye que, más allá de los factores sociodemográficos, son las creencias erróneas las que limitan la intención de buscar ayuda en los canales de atención disponibles dentro de la organización o en otros centros especializados.

RESUMO As comunidades quilombolas no Brasil estão localizadas, predominantemente, em regiões remotas e pobres. As realidades territoriais e socioculturais dessas comunidades moldam práticas parentais com influências no desenvolvimento infantil. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a produção científica sobre as práticas e crenças relacionadas ao cuidado de crianças menores de seis anos em comunidades quilombolas no Brasil. Trata-se de revisão integrativa realizada em seis bases de dados, com buscas conduzidas entre novembro e dezembro de 2023. Foram identificadas 501 produções, das quais, 22 integram esta revisão. Os estudos concentram-se nos anos de 2020 e 2021, majoritariamente desenvolvidos no Nordeste do País e com abordagem qualitativa. Os achados foram organizados em três temas: ‘interações e identidade quilombola’; ‘cuidados à saúde e aos agravos’; e ‘práticas alimentares e problemas associados’. Há valorização da liberdade da criança e da sua relação com o território e a comunidade, com intenções de pertencimento quilombola. Embora o leite humano seja valorizado, é considerado insuficiente, o que leva à introdução precoce de outros alimentos. A relação com os serviços de saúde é frágil, prevalecendo em situações de adoecimento. Os saberes populares são amplamente utilizados no cuidado infantil. O cuidado culturalmente congruente está indicado.

ABSTRACT Brazilian quilombola communities are predominantly located in remote and poor regions. These communities’ territorial and sociocultural realities shape parenting practices that influence child development. This research aimed to analyze the scientific production on practices and beliefs related to caring for children under six in Brazilian quilombola communities. This integrative review was conducted in six databases from November to December 2023. We identified 501 studies, of which 22 comprise this review. The studies focus on 2020 and 2021 and were primarily conducted in the Northeast with a qualitative approach. The findings were organized into three themes: ‘interactions and quilombola identity’, ‘healthcare and disease care’, and ‘dietary practices and associated problems’. There is an appreciation of children’s freedom and relationship with the territory and the community, with intentions of belonging to the quilombola. Although human milk is valued, it is considered insufficient, which leads to the early introduction of other foods. The relationship with health services is weak, prevailing in situations of illness. Popular knowledge is widely used in childcare. Culturally congruent care is indicated.

BACKGROUND: While the Choice on Termination of Pregnancy (CTOP) Act No. 92 was legalised in 1996 permitting termination of pregnancy (TOP) to be accessed at various public health facilities in South Africa, unsafe abortions continue to take place outside of legally designated facilities. The aim of this study was to explore the knowledge, attitudes and practices of healthcare professionals regarding TOP services at public primary healthcare (PHC) centres in the central business district (CBD) of the eThekwini Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. METHODS: This quantitative, descriptive analysis used a questionnaire to obtain data from the healthcare professionals on four areas: demographic details, knowledge of (8 questions), attitudes to (10 questions) and practices (10 questions) regarding TOP services. RESULTS: Among the 91 participants (whose ages ranged from 32 to 48 years), 91.2% were female, 93.4% belonged to the Christian faith, 42.9% were professional nurses and 74.8% had more than 5 years' work experience. The mean of the overall knowledge, attitude and practice score was 51.7%, 67.4% and 62.8%, respectively, which indicated poor knowledge, moderate attitude and unacceptable practice. CONCLUSION: While some healthcare professionals' knowledge regarding TOP services was poor, their personal beliefs may have contributed to their attitudes and practices regarding whether to assist their patients to access such services, despite it being legal. CONTRIBUTION: This study provides insight into the health worker barriers that impede TOP service provision and access in the CBD of eThekwini.

In 1925, Raymond Dart published his description of the Taung Child skull, which he named Australopithecus africanus, thereby making a pivotal contribution to the field of palaeoanthropology. While recognising Dart's central role in the field, this paper reviews the historiography of two aspects of Dart's legacy. First, this paper explores how, over time, Dart's telling of the story of the Taung fossil obscured the role of geologist Robert Young and promoted the myth of 'one man, one fossil', rather than the reality that all scientific efforts reflect the work of a team. Then the paper shifts to review Dart's belief in race typology, and his disturbing anthropological practices. These beliefs and practices were not questioned in the era of racial segregation and apartheid, and they carry painful legacies into the fields of anatomy, anthropology and palaeoanthropology. Dart's legacy was upheld during his lifetime and was further protected for another 25 years after his death by Dart's protégé and successor, Phillip Tobias. However, critical reflection on Dart's legacy of scientific racism began in the 1990s and continues today. Dart's important contribution to palaeoanthropology, the description of the Taung skull, continues to eclipse other more negative aspects of his legacy. This paper reviews scholarly writing on Dart's overall career, confirms this legacy of scientific racism, and argues that it stands alongside his legendary legacy of the description of the Taung Child skull. SIGNIFICANCE: • The case of the Taung skull illustrates that palaeoanthropology is a matter of teamwork, and serves as a reminder to look for and document the team of people involved with fossil finds, rather than attributing them to one person. • The Raymond Dart papers and Dart's publications at Wits University provide evidence of Dart's promotion of race typology and scientific racism. • While Raymond Dart's significant contribution describing the Taung skull is secure, his overall legacy should be reassessed.

Resumo Declínios progressivos nas coberturas vacinais vêm sendo registrados no Brasil nos últimos anos. A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe ainda mais desafios para esse cenário. Considerando a pandemia como um acontecimento, objetivou-se analisar a politização das vacinas sob a perspectiva de cuidadores de crianças pequenas. Esta pesquisa qualitativa foi conduzida em duas capitais brasileiras: São Luís (Maranhão) e Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). O estudo incluiu famílias com crianças de até 6 anos de idade que fossem total ou parcialmente vacinadas, bem como crianças completamente não vacinadas. Utilizou-se amostragem por bola de neve. Entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas entre março de 2021 e abril de 2022. Foram entrevistados 48 cuidadores, em sua maioria mães. O estudo revelou que, independentemente da posição prévia em relação às vacinas, o acontecimento sanitário-político da pandemia de COVID-19 abalou crenças e atitudes acerca da vacinação infantil. Os resultados demonstraram, ainda, que a pandemia levou a atrasos na imunização infantil de rotina e fez com que cuidadores buscassem por serviços privados de saúde. Por fim, os resultados revelam a politização das vacinas como um novo fenômeno a ser enfrentado no contexto brasileiro.

Abstract Progressive declines in vaccination coverage have been recorded in Brazil in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced even more challenges to this scenario. Considering the pandemic as an event, the scope of this article was to analyze the politicization of vaccines from the perspective of caregivers of young children. This qualitative research was conducted in two Brazilian state capitals, namely São Luís (Maranhão) and Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). The study included families with children up to 6 years of age who were fully or partially vaccinated, as well as children who had never been vaccinated. Snowball sampling was used and in-depth interviews were conducted between March 2021 and April 2022. Forty-eight caregivers, most of them mothers, were interviewed. The study revealed that, regardless of their previous stance regarding vaccines, the health-political event of the COVID-19 pandemic shook beliefs and attitudes about childhood vaccination. The results also showed that the pandemic led to delays in routine childhood immunization and caused caregivers to seek private health services. Finally, the results reveal the politicization of vaccines as a new phenomenon to be addressed in the Brazilian context.

Resumen En los últimos años se han registrado descensos progresivos en la cobertura de vacunación en Brasil. La pandemia de COVID-19 trajo aún más desafíos a este escenario. Considerando la pandemia como un evento, este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la politización de las vacunas desde la perspectiva de los cuidadores de niños pequeños. Esta investigación cualitativa se realizó en dos capitales brasileñas São Luís (Maranhão) y Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). El estudio incluyó familias con niños de hasta 6 años que estaban total o parcialmente vacunados, así como niños completamente no vacunados. Se utilizó el muestreo de bola de nieve. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad entre marzo de 2021 y abril de 2022 con 48 cuidadores, en su mayoría madres. El estudio reveló que, independientemente de la postura previa en relación a las vacunas, el acontecimiento político-sanitario de la pandemia de COVID-19 sacudió creencias y actitudes sobre la vacunación infantil. Los resultados también demostraron que la pandemia provocó retrasos en la vacunación infantil de rutina y provocó que los cuidadores buscaran servicios de salud privados. Finalmente, los resultados revelan la politización de las vacunas como un fenómeno nuevo a enfrentar en el contexto brasileño.

RESUMO: O principal objetivo deste estudo é determinar o uso de plantas medicinais como abordagem terapêutica alternativa na Turquia. Além disso, o estudo visa identificar as doenças específicas para as quais estas plantas são utilizadas e a correspondente proporção de utilização. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista presencial usando um formulário de questionário estruturado em todas as regiões da Turquia. Estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais foram utilizadas na análise dos dados. De acordo com os resultados da pesquisa, aproximadamente 65.4% dos participantes utilizam plantas medicinais em seu regime de tratamento, afirmando seus benefícios significativos. Além disso, afirma-se que o consumo de plantas medicinais aumentou durante a epidemia de Covid-19. As atitudes dos participantes em relação às plantas medicinais são diretamente influenciadas pelo seu nível de conhecimento, conveniência e utilidade percebida. O estudo revela que os participantes possuem conhecimento sobre aproximadamente 200 plantas medicinais. Entre as plantas mais conhecidas estão o alho (Allium sativum L.), erva de São João (Hypericum perforatum L.), salsa (Petroselinum crispum), camomila (Matricaria chamomilla L.), gengibre (Curcuma longa L.), cravo (Syzygium Aromatum L.), hortelã (Melissa officinalis L.), tomilho (Thymus vulgaris L.), erva-doce (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), babosa (Aloe vera L.), tília (Colocasia esculenta L.), urtiga (Achillea millefolium L.) e sálvia (Salvia officinalis L.). O determinante mais crítico para a prevalência do consumo de plantas medicinais parece ser as crenças positivas dos indivíduos relativamente à sua eficácia na cura de doenças. Adicionalmente, a promoção do conhecimento sobre as plantas medicinais é considerada essencial para fomentar práticas de consumo informadas e conscientes.

ABSTRACT: This study determined the use of medicinal plants as an alternative therapeutic approach in Turkey. Moreover, the study identified the specific ailments for which these plants are employed and the corresponding proportion of usage. Data was collected by face to face interview with using a structured questionnaire form in all regions of Turkey. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in data analysis. According to the research findings, approximately 65.4% of participants use medicinal plants into their treatment regime, asserting their significant benefits. Furthermore, it is posited that the consumption of medicinal plants has witnessed an upsurge during the Covid-19 epidemic. The participants’ attitudes towards medicinal plants are directly influenced by their level of knowledge, convenience and perceived usefulness. The study reveals that participants possess awareness of approximately 200 medicinal plants. Among the most well-known plants are garlic (Allium sativum L.), St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum L.), parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L.), ginger (Crocus sativus L.), cloves (Syzygium aromaticum L.), mint (Melissa officinalis L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), aloe (Aloe vera L.), linden (Colocasia esculenta L.), nettle (Achillea millefolium L.), and sage (Salvia officinalis L.). The most critical determinant fort he prevalence of medicinal plant consumption appears to be individuals’ positive beliefs regarding their efficacy in curing diseases. Additionally, promoting knowledge about medicinal plants is deemed essential in fostering informed and conscientious consumption practices.

Resumo: Este artigo explora a evolução dos padrões simbólicos nos padrões artísticos de vasos de vinho, durante as dinastias Xia, Shang e Zhou, a partir da perspectiva do desenvolvimento histórico, por meio de revisão da literatura e comparação de padrões. Ao analisar as características dos padrões simbólicos e as origens culturais, foi fornecida inspiração para o design moderno. Os resultados indicam que, influenciados por conceitos estéticos e ideias dominantes, os padrões artísticos dos vasos de vinho incluem principalmente padrões de animais, padrões geométricos e padrões naturais. Os padrões de diferentes dinastias revelam as mudanças nos sistemas sociais, nas crenças religiosas e nos conceitos estéticos, refletindo o espírito de nossos ancestrais de buscar a beleza e a reverência pela ordem na vida cotidiana. A conclusão evidencia que os padrões artísticos dos vasos de vinho, durante as dinastias Xia, Shang e Zhou, não eram apenas decorativos, mas também portadores de cultura e filosofia. A análise dos significados simbólicos, por trás dos padrões, dos conceitos culturais e das mudanças sociais, pode enriquecer nossa compreensão do desenvolvimento da arte antiga e promover o desenvolvimento da cultura tradicional.

Abstract: This article explores the evolution of symbolic patterns in wine vessel art patterns during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, from the perspective of historical development, through literature review and pattern comparison. By analyzing the characteristics and cultural origins of symbolic patterns, inspiration has been provided for modern design. The results indicate that, influenced by aesthetic concepts and dominant ideas, the artistic patterns of wine vessels mainly include animal patterns, geometric patterns and natural patterns. The patterns from different dynasties reflect the changes in social systems, religious beliefs and aesthetic concepts, reflecting the spirit of our ancestors’ pursuit of beauty and reverence for order in daily life. The conclusion indicates that the artistic patterns of wine vessels, during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties, were not only decorative, but also carriers of culture and philosophy. Analyzing the symbolic meanings, behind patterns, cultural concepts and social changes, can enrich our understanding of the development of ancient art and promote the development of traditional culture.

BACKGROUND: Rare cases of HIV cure exist. Clinical trials of HIV cure are also underway. However, little is documented about how potential cures are perceived by African people living with HIV, although they are key stakeholders. OBJECTIVES: We explored knowledge, beliefs, and experiences about HIV cure in Soweto, South Africa. METHOD: We conducted qualitative research with five stratified focus groups (N = 49). Consenting adults living with HIV were eligible. Facilitators asked participants about their knowledge of HIV cure, experience of purported cures, and beliefs about cure possibilities. Transcripts from audio recordings were thematically analysed. RESULTS: Participants had knowledge of the concept of cure as eradication, not remission. Three main themes emerged about possible HIV cures. Firstly, hope and scepticism: people feared unequal access to technologies. Secondly, cultural and conventional approaches: there were beliefs in traditional healers, scepticism towards culturally purported cures (e.g. imbiza herbal tonic), and a desire for medical cures to obviate pill burdens. Thirdly, anticipated socio-behavioural effects: beliefs existed that cures might improve happiness, reduce emotional burdens of disclosure, facilitate HIV-free generations, increase risk behaviours, and reduce health checks, but not change societal attitudes to HIV. CONCLUSION: In Soweto, South Africa, people living with HIV hope for medical technologies - such as cure and long-acting treatments - to relieve the biopsychosocial burdens of chronic treatment. Despite treatment knowledge, some people try culturally purported cures for HIV. In HIV cure trials, consent language should avoid 'cure' when remission is meant. Care should address pill burden, and counselling should address sex, substances, exercise, and nutrition.

Resumo Declínios progressivos nas coberturas vacinais vêm sendo registrados no Brasil nos últimos anos. A pandemia de COVID-19 trouxe ainda mais desafios para esse cenário. Considerando a pandemia como um acontecimento, objetivou-se analisar a politização das vacinas sob a perspectiva de cuidadores de crianças pequenas. Esta pesquisa qualitativa foi conduzida em duas capitais brasileiras: São Luís (Maranhão) e Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). O estudo incluiu famílias com crianças de até 6 anos de idade que fossem total ou parcialmente vacinadas, bem como crianças completamente não vacinadas. Utilizou-se amostragem por bola de neve. Entrevistas em profundidade foram conduzidas entre março de 2021 e abril de 2022. Foram entrevistados 48 cuidadores, em sua maioria mães. O estudo revelou que, independentemente da posição prévia em relação às vacinas, o acontecimento sanitário-político da pandemia de COVID-19 abalou crenças e atitudes acerca da vacinação infantil. Os resultados demonstraram, ainda, que a pandemia levou a atrasos na imunização infantil de rotina e fez com que cuidadores buscassem por serviços privados de saúde. Por fim, os resultados revelam a politização das vacinas como um novo fenômeno a ser enfrentado no contexto brasileiro.

Resumen En los últimos años se han registrado descensos progresivos en la cobertura de vacunación en Brasil. La pandemia de COVID-19 trajo aún más desafíos a este escenario. Considerando la pandemia como un evento, este artículo tuvo como objetivo analizar la politización de las vacunas desde la perspectiva de los cuidadores de niños pequeños. Esta investigación cualitativa se realizó en dos capitales brasileñas São Luís (Maranhão) y Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). El estudio incluyó familias con niños de hasta 6 años que estaban total o parcialmente vacunados, así como niños completamente no vacunados. Se utilizó el muestreo de bola de nieve. Se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad entre marzo de 2021 y abril de 2022 con 48 cuidadores, en su mayoría madres. El estudio reveló que, independientemente de la postura previa en relación a las vacunas, el acontecimiento político-sanitario de la pandemia de COVID-19 sacudió creencias y actitudes sobre la vacunación infantil. Los resultados también demostraron que la pandemia provocó retrasos en la vacunación infantil de rutina y provocó que los cuidadores buscaran servicios de salud privados. Finalmente, los resultados revelan la politización de las vacunas como un fenómeno nuevo a enfrentar en el contexto brasileño.

Abstract Progressive declines in vaccination coverage have been recorded in Brazil in recent years. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced even more challenges to this scenario. Considering the pandemic as an event, the scope of this article was to analyze the politicization of vaccines from the perspective of caregivers of young children. This qualitative research was conducted in two Brazilian state capitals, namely São Luís (Maranhão) and Florianópolis (Santa Catarina). The study included families with children up to 6 years of age who were fully or partially vaccinated, as well as children who had never been vaccinated. Snowball sampling was used and in-depth interviews were conducted between March 2021 and April 2022. Forty-eight caregivers, most of them mothers, were interviewed. The study revealed that, regardless of their previous stance regarding vaccines, the health-political event of the COVID-19 pandemic shook beliefs and attitudes about childhood vaccination. The results also showed that the pandemic led to delays in routine childhood immunization and caused caregivers to seek private health services. Finally, the results reveal the politicization of vaccines as a new phenomenon to be addressed in the Brazilian context.

Resumo: Marco teórico: as crenças em relação aos serviços psicológicos são importantes preditores da busca por terapia e da condição de saúde mental. Sua avaliação objetiva é necessária, e para isso existe a escala BAPS, um instrumento que não foi testado metricamente na Colômbia. Objetivo: adaptar e validar a escala BAPS para a população adulta colombiana. Método: foram realizados processos de tradução-retrotradução, testes-piloto dos termos, aplicação a 440 colombianos (321 mulheres e 118 homens com idades entre 18 e 81 anos, M = 37,46; DP = 16,99), e análises fatoriais confirmatórias, de confiabilidade, comparações entre indivíduos que frequentam ou não a terapia, e tabelas normativas. Resultados: foram encontrados valores de ajuste adequados, baixos níveis de erro quadrático, altos índices de confiabilidade e validade discriminante com base na busca por atendimento psicológico. Conclusões: a escala BAPS é um instrumento objetivo, com evidências adequadas de validade, confiabilidade e consistência para avaliar as crenças em relação aos serviços psicológicos em adultos colombianos. As normas de avaliação estão incluídas.

Abstract: Theoretical framework: beliefs towards psychological services are important predictors of therapy attendance and mental health adjustment. Their objective evaluation is required and that is the reason why the BAPS -an instrument that has not been tested in Colombia- exists. Objective: to adapt and validate the BAPS scale for Colombian adult population. Methodology: the original scale was translated to Spanish and then back to English, and after conducting a pilot study, the instrument was applied to 440 Colombians (321 women and 118 men, with ages between 18 and 81 years, M = 37.46; SD = 16.99). Factor analysis, reliability, comparisons between those attending and not attending therapy, and rating norms were carried out. Results: adequate adjustment values were found, low levels of quadratic error, high reliability indexes and discriminant validity by consultation attendance. Conclusions: the BAPS scale is an objective instrument, with adequate evidence of validity, reliability and consistency to evaluate beliefs towards psychological services in Colombian adults. Scoring norms are included.

Resumen: Marco teórico: las creencias hacia los servicios psicológicos son importantes predictores de la asistencia a terapia y del ajuste en salud mental. Se requiere su evaluación objetiva y para ello existe la escala BAPS, instrumento no probado métricamente en Colombia. Objetivo: adaptar y validar la escala BAPS para la población adulta colombiana. Método: se realizaron procesos de traducción-contratraducción, pilotaje de términos, aplicaciones a 440 colombianos (321 mujeres y 118 hombres con edades entre 18 y 81 años, M = 37.46; DE = 16.99), y análisis factoriales confirmatorios, de fiabilidad, comparaciones entre asistentes o no a terapia, y baremos. Resultados: se encontraron valores de ajuste adecuados, bajos niveles de error cuadrático, altos índices de fiabilidad y validez discriminante por asistencia a consulta. Conclusiones: la escala BAPS es un instrumento objetivo, con adecuadas evidencias de validez, confiabilidad y consistencia, para evaluar las creencias hacia los servicios psicológicos, en adultos colombianos. Se incluyen normas de calificación.

This study explores the dynamics of emotional expression of freshmen students at a public university in Indonesia, focussing on the role of gratitude in helping them overcome challenges and maintain academic vigour. Using qualitative methods with open-ended questionnaires and in-depth interviews, this study involved 20 freshmen from one public university. The results showed that the majority of students expressed gratitude to God as the main expression, while a minority also valued the role of social support and personal achievement. The findings also revealed that despite uncertainties, fears and disappointments, gratitude remains a fundamental and culminating emotion. Gratitude not only helps students overcome challenges but also enhances their resilience and motivation. Spiritual Meaning Construction Theory serves as an analytical tool, highlighting that spiritual experiences and expressions of gratitude are strongly influenced by an individual's social and cultural context. The theory emphasises that the experience of religion or spirituality has no universal truth, but rather varies according to each individual's interpretative framework. The findings suggest that the expression of gratitude in freshmen not only reflects universally inculcated spiritual beliefs but is also a result of the meaning-making processes by individuals within their social and cultural context. Implications for higher education institutions include the importance of developing orientation, counselling and academic support programmes that support students' expression of gratitude and resilience. Programmes that promote resilience and gratitude can help students overcome challenges and stay motivated throughout their academic journey. CONTRIBUTION: This research contributes to a deeper understanding of the complexity of emotions experienced by freshmen as well as the important role gratitude plays in helping them overcome challenges and maintain enthusiasm in pursuing their academic goals

ABSTRACT This article presents the results of a literature review on beliefs about mathematics. Seventeen researches from different educational levels within the period from 2016 to 2022 are reported. The review concludes that studies on students’ beliefs have focused on two main topics: beliefs about mathematics education and belief about oneself, while studies related to social context are scarce. Likewise, it was possible to identify that although the focus of the research is on a specific category of beliefs, the findings can involve, although to a lesser extent, other types of beliefs. It is concluded that as the grade level progresses, beliefs about mathematics become more negative; this conception leads to questioning whether this is due to the fact that the discipline acquires greater complexity and abstraction or whether this can be attributed to the teaching strategies and the teacher's own beliefs that are transferred to the students.

RESUMEN En este artículo se presentan los resultados de una revisión de literatura en torno a creencias sobre las matemáticas. Se reportan 17 investigaciones de distintos niveles educativos, publicadas en el periodo de 2016 a 2022. La revisión concluye que los estudios sobre las creencias de los estudiantes se han enfocado en dos temas principales: creencias sobre la educación matemática y creencias sobre uno mismo, mientras que los estudios relacionados con el contexto social son escasos. Así mismo, se pudo identificar que, aunque el objetivo de las investigaciones esté centrado en una categoría específica de creencias, los hallazgos pueden ser transversales e involucrar, aunque en menor medida, otro tipo de creencias. Se concluye que conforme avanza el grado escolar las creencias sobre las matemáticas se vuelven más negativas; esta concepción lleva a cuestionar si esto se debe a que la disciplina adquiere mayor complejidad y abstracción o si esto puede atribuirse a las estrategias didácticas y las propias creencias del profesor que se transfieren a los alumnos.

Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades psicométricas e a invariância fatorial da Escala de Atitudes em relação às Mudanças Climáticas (EAMC). Baseada na Teoria da Ação Planejada, a escala mede tanto as crenças quanto as intenções comportamentais em relação às mudanças climáticas. O instrumento original possui 15 itens, com um formato de resposta tipo Likert de cinco opções. Foi aplicado a uma amostra não probabilística de 800 participantes chilenos. Após sua tradução e revisão, a escala demonstrou validade de conteúdo adequada. Uma Análise Fatorial Confirmatória (AFC) validou a adequação do instrumento, ajustado para 13 itens, mantendo sua estrutura original de dois fatores. A análise de invariância fatorial confirmou que a estrutura bidimensional não é influenciada pelo gênero. Foram encontradas evidências de validade convergente e discriminante, bem como uma confiabilidade adequada em ambas as dimensões. Em conclusão, respalda-se o uso da versão em espanhol da EAMC em comunidades de língua espanhola, fortalecendo a pesquisa sobre mudanças climáticas na região a partir de uma perspectiva psicossocial.

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the psychometric properties and factorial invariance of the Climate Change Attitude Scale (CCAS). Based on Planned Behavior Theory, the scale measures both beliefs and behavioral intentions towards climate change. The original instrument consists of 15 items, using a five-point Likert response format. It was applied to a non-probabilistic sample of 800 Chilean participants. After translation and review, the scale demonstrated adequate content validity. A Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) validated the instrument's suitability, which was adjusted to 13 items while maintaining its original two-factor structure. The invariance analysis confirmed that the bidimensional structure is not affected by gender. Evidence was found of convergent and discriminant validity, as well as adequate reliability in both dimensions. In conclusion, we support use of the Spanish version of the CCAS in Spanish-speaking communities, thus strengthening climate change research in the region from a psychosocial perspective.

Resumen: El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar las propiedades psicométricas y la invarianza factorial de la Escala de Actitudes hacia el Cambio Climático (EACC). Diseñada con base en la Teoría de la Acción Planificada, la escala mide tanto las creencias como la intención de conducta hacia el cambio climático. El instrumento original consta de 15 ítems, con un formato de respuesta tipo Likert de cinco opciones. Se aplicó a una muestra no probabilística de 800 participantes chilenos. Después de su traducción y revisión, la escala mostró una adecuada validez de contenido. Un Análisis Factorial Confirmatorio (AFC) validó la idoneidad del instrumento, ajustado a 13 ítems, manteniendo su estructura original de dos factores. El análisis de invarianza factorial confirmó que la estructura bidimensional no se ve afectada por el género. Se encontraron evidencias de validez convergente y discriminante, así como una confiabilidad adecuada en ambas dimensiones. En conclusión, se respalda el uso de la versión en español de la CCAS en comunidades hispanohablantes, lo que fortalece la investigación sobre el cambio climático en la región desde una perspectiva psicosocial.

Resumen Introducción: una de las barreras al acceso a la vacunación contra las enfermedades infecciosas es la reticencia a la vacunación, la cual suele medirse o asociarse a una poca disposición para vacunarse, actitudes antivacunas o la probabilidad reportada de obtener una vacuna. Sin embargo, no existe un consenso en la forma en la cual este constructo es medido. Objetivo: el propósito de este artículo es identificar las propiedades psicométricas y la estructura factorial de la nueva Escala Dispvac en una muestra colombiana. Método: se realizó un diseño psicométrico para identificar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala con una muestra de 1131 participantes (masculino: 37.30%, femenino 61.90%, otro: 0.79%; media edad: 25.84, SD edad: 10.19), a través de un muestreo por conveniencia. Se realizó un análisis factorial exploratorio, un análisis factorial confirmatorio, un análisis de fiabilidad y la validez convergente. Resultados: se sugieren dos factores: actitudes cognitivas hacia la vacunación y legitimidad percibida de las autoridades al requerir la vacunación que comprende la prueba. La prueba Dispvac se correlaciona de manera negativa con la Escala VAX. Conclusiones: los dos factores que comprenden la Escala Dispvac sugieren que la intención a vacunarse implica también creencias sobre la autoridad/instituciones en vacunación.

Abstract Introduction: One of the main barriers to access to vaccination against infectious diseases is vaccine hesitancy, which is usually measured or associated to a low disposition to receive vaccination, anti-vaccine attitudes or the reported probability to receive a vaccine. However, there is no consensus in the way this construct is measured. Objective: The objective of this study it to identify the psychometric properties and the factorial structure of the Scale Dispvac in a Colombian sample. Method: To this goal, a psychometric design was made to identify the psychometric properties of the new scale making use of 1131 participants (male: 37.30%, female: 61.90%, other: 0.79%; age mean: 25.84, age SD: 10.19), through a convenience sampling. We conducted an exploratory factorial analysis, a confirmatory factorial analysis, a reliability analysis, and the convergent validity. Results: Two factors are suggested: Cognitive attitudes towards vaccination and perceived legitimacy of authorities to require vaccination. The Dispvac Scale is negatively correlated with the VAX Scale. Conclusions: The mentioned factors suggest that intention to vaccinate also implies beliefs on the authority in vaccination.

Resumen Introducción: Personas lesbianas, gay y bisexuales (LGB) pueden tener actitudes y creencias heteronormativas, que incluyen suposiciones sobre el esencialismo de género y comportamientos esperados de hombres y mujeres en una relación. En esta población, la adhesión a la heteronormatividad puede aumentar una sensación de discrepancia entre el yo “actual” y el yo que “debería ser”; esta discrepancia, a su vez, tiene un efecto negativo en la satisfacción con la vida. El objetivo de este estudio fue examinar las relaciones entre dos dimensiones de la heteronormatividad -esencialismo de género y comportamientos normativos- y la satisfacción con la vida, tanto de manera directa como mediada por dicha discrepancia-del-yo. Método: Una muestra de 232 estudiantes universitarios LBG en el sur de Chile respondieron un cuestionario online que incluyó la Escala de Actitudes y Creencias Heteronormativas, el Índice de Discrepancia-del-yo, y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida. Se aplicaron modelos de ecuaciones estructurales para probar estas relaciones. Resultados: El esencialismo de género y los comportamientos normativos se asociaron de manera negativa y positiva con la satisfacción con la vida, respectivamente. Asimismo, la discrepancia-del-yo se asoció negativamente con la satisfacción con la vida. No se encontró evidencia del rol mediador de la discrepancia-del-yo en este modelo. Conclusión: Estudiantes universitarios LGB pueden adherirse a diferentes dimensiones de la heteronormatividad, lo que a su vez puede relacionarse diferencialmente con la satisfacción con la vida.

Abstract Introduction: Lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) people can hold heteronormative attitudes and beliefs, which comprise assumptions regarding gender essentialism and men and women’s expected behaviours in relationships. In this population, adherence to heteronormativity may increase a sense of discrepancy between the “current” and the “ought” self. This self-discrepancy, in turn, has a negative impact on life satisfaction. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between two dimensions of heteronormativity -gender essentialism and normative behaviours- and life satisfaction, both directly and mediated by self-discrepancy. Method: A sample of 232 LGB university students in Southern Chile answered an online questionnaire that included the Heteronormative Attitudes and Beliefs Scale, the Self-Discrepancy Index, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Structural equation models were performed to test these relationships. Results: Gender essentialism and normative behaviour were negatively and positively associated with life satisfaction, respectively. Likewise, self-discrepancy was negatively linked to life satisfaction. The analysis showed no evidence for the mediating role of self-discrepancy in this model. Conclusion: LGB university students can adhere to different dimensions of heteronormativity, which in turn may relate differentially to life satisfaction.