Lisdexamfetamine is a prodrug that is converted to d-amphetamine in the body, mainly used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children and adults. Its mechanism involves the enhancement of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine and dopamine, which are critical for attention and behavioral regulation. With the upcoming patent expiration of Vyvanse®, bioanalytical methods for the quantification of lisdexamfetamine in plasma are needed for use in pharmacokinetic studies. In this work, we developed and validated a sensitive bioanalytical method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for lisdexamfetamine quantification in human plasma. The method developed was performed for 4 min per sample and using the concentration range of 0.3-100 ng mL-1. Intra-batch, inter-batch and instrument reproducibility, the precision was lower than 10%. The results demonstrated that the method is rapid, sensitive, robust, and suitable for pharmacokinetic studies. damphetamine d amphetamine body adults dopamine regulation Vyvanse Vyvanse® studies work chromatographytandem chromatography tandem LCMS/MS LCMSMS LC MS/MS MS (LC-MS/MS 0.3100 03100 0.3 100 0 3 0.3-10 mL1. mL1 mL 1. 1 mL-1 Intrabatch, Intrabatch Intra batch, batch Intra-batch interbatch inter reproducibility 10 10% rapid robust LCMS MSMS 3100 0.310 0310 03 0. 0.3-1 mL- 310 0.31 031 0.3- 31

Abstract Introduction: Health promotion is fundamental to help people to acquire personal skills, abilities, and behaviors that facilitate the acquisition of a healthy lifestyle. Objective: To analyze what qualitative evidence indicates about the perception of health promotion by adults and health professionals to contribute to lifestyle changes. Methodology: We used qualitative metasynthesis and metadata analysis with Sandelowski and Barros's proposal in descriptive or interpretative primary studies from 2008 to 2019, considering the perceptions of adults and health professionals regarding health promotion and lifestyle. Different databases, descriptors such as health promotion, healthy behaviors, healthy lifestyle, nursing and qualitative research and Boolean operators AND, OR, with various possible combinations, were used. Quantitative articles, pediatric population and people with health problems were excluded. Ten articles were analyzed according to Lincoln and Guba's scientific rigor criteria. Results: People perceived the macro and micro social context and some barriers in the implementation of health promotion actions by health personnel, which directly influenced behavioral changes. Health professionals recognized health promotion as a mediation strategy between people and their environment to influence the adoption of a healthy lifestyle. Conclusions: Health promotion remains an ideal strategy to encourage actions for the benefit of people's health.

Abstrato Introdução: ¿ Introdução: A promoção da saúde é essencial para ajudar as pessoas a adquirir competências, habilidades e comportamentos pessoais que facilitem a aquisição de um estilo de vida saudável. Objetivo: ¿ Explorar o que as evidências qualitativas sobre a percepção da promoção da saúde de adultos e profissionais de saúde indicam para contribuir para a modificação do estilo de vida. Metodologia: Metássíntese qualitativa com análise de metadados proposta por Sandelowski e Barroso, em estudos primários descritivos ou interpretativos de 2008 a 2019, considerando percepções de adultos e profissionais de saúde sobre promoção da saúde e estilo de vida, utilizando diferentes bases de dados, descritores e booleanos: promoção da saúde, comportamentos saudáveis, estilo de vida saudável, adultos e pesquisas qualitativas, em diversas combinações possíveis, com AND e OR, excluindo artigos quantitativos, população pediátrica e pessoas com problemas de saúde, foram analisados 10 artigos segundo os critérios de rigor científico de Lincoln e Guba. Resultados: As pessoas perceberam o contexto macro e microssocial e algumas barreiras na implementação de ações de promoção da saúde pelos profissionais de saúde que influenciaram diretamente nas mudanças comportamentais. Os profissionais de saúde reconheceram a promoção da saúde como uma estratégia de mediação entre as pessoas e o seu ambiente para influenciar a adoção de um estilo de vida saudável. Conclusões: A promoção da saúde continua sendo uma estratégia ideal para incentivar ações que beneficiem a saúde das pessoas.

Resumen Introducción: La promoción de la salud es primordial para modificar que las personas adquieran aptitudes, habilidades y comportamientos personales que faciliten la adquisición de un estilo de vida saludable. Objetivo: Explorar que señala la evidencia cualitativa sobre percepción de la promoción de la salud de personas adultas y profesionales de la salud para contribuir a modificar el estilo de vida. Metodología: Metasíntesis cualitativa, análisis de metadatos con propuesta de Sandelowski y Barroso, en estudios primarios descriptivos o interpretativos de 2008 a 2019, considerando las percepciones de personas adultas y profesionales de la salud con respecto a la promoción de la salud y estilo de vida, empleando diferentes bases de datos, descriptores y boleanos: promoción de la salud, conductas saludables, estilo de vida saludable, adulto e investigación cualitativa, en diversas combinaciones posibles, con AND y OR, excluyendo artículos cuantitativos, población pediátrica y personas con problemas de salud, se analizaron 10 artículos según criterios de rigor científico de Lincoln y Guba. Resultados: Las personas percibieron el contexto macro y microsocial y algunas barreras en la implementación de acciones de promoción de la salud por parte del personal de salud que influyó directamente en los cambios de conducta. Los profesionales de la salud reconocieron la promoción de la salud como una estrategia de mediación entre las personas y su entorno para incidir en la adopción de un estilo de vida saludable. Conclusiones: La promoción de la salud sigue siendo una estrategia idónea para incentivar acciones en beneficio de la salud de las personas.

Resumen El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar la relación entre la presencia de trastornos emocionales y el acoso escolar en los estudiantes de sexto a noveno grado de las instituciones educativas públicas de la ciudad de Floridablanca (Colombia). El diseño del estudio fue cuantitativo correlacional. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la prueba de tamizaje cyberbullying y el Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA). Se evaluaron 76 menores que cumplen el rol de víctima o agresor, y los resultados obtenidos indicaron que un alto porcentaje de los involucrados en el acoso escolar como víctimas o agresores cara a cara o en línea presentan desajustes emocionales. Los datos descriptivos muestran que en Floridablanca (Colombia) aún hay fracciones de acoso escolar por debajo de la prevalencia internacional; sin embargo, existe una alta proporción de estudiantes en riesgo de asumir algún rol en el acoso escolar. Se concluyó que la Psicología es una disciplina científica que aporta herramientas para abordar los trastornos emocionales adscritos al acoso escolar. Que deben recibir tratamiento psicológico todos los involucrados en el acoso escolar en cualquiera de sus roles. Esta investigación puede considerarse como insumo para futuros trabajos que pretendan formular acciones de intervención para el acoso escolar y el trabajo de los trastornos emocionales qu e genera este problema.

Abstract The main goal for this research was to analyze the relationship between emotional disorders and bullying in schoolchildren. Participants were recruited from sixth to ninth grade in public schools from Floridablanca, Colombia. The design method was quantitative and correlational. We administered an online test called Cyberbullying to detect students involved in bullying and cyberbullying and emotional disorders were assessed using the test Sistema de Evaluación de Niños y Adolescentes (SENA). Participants were 76 schoolchildren with high scores as victims and/or aggressors. Results show a high percentage of schoolchildren involved in bullying and cyberbullying either as victims and/or aggressors that are suffering from emotional problems. Descriptive data also shows that Floridablanca still maintains a lower prevalence of bullying compared to international standards, but there’s a high risk for children getting involved in these behaviors. This research can be taken as an input for future work that intends to formulate intervention actions, both for school acoso and for the work of the emotional disorders that this problem generates.

Abstract: Healthcare buildings can be complicated to navigate, causing patients to experience stress and lose time if not adequately planned. This study aims to identify the relationship between the spatial layout in healthcare buildings and wayfinding for users, by utilizing Behavioral Sequence Analysis (BSA) and Space Syntax through Immersive Virtual Reality (iVR). The methodology is based on behavioral and spatial data and was tested by using the experimental setups in VR environments. Space syntax analysis is applied to collect spatial data. Experiments were conducted by assigning wayfinding tasks in virtual hospitals with various plan configurations. Behavioral data obtained from BSA was associated with the spatial data driven by the space syntax analysis to gain a comprehensive understanding of the participants' wayfinding behavior. The results indicate that the semi-centralized floor plan layout with high visibility levels performs better in wayfinding while the decentralized layout with low visibility values performs worse.

Resumen: Los edificios de atención médica pueden ser complicados de navegar, causando estrés y pérdida de tiempo a los pacientes si no están planificados adecuadamente. Este estudio busca identificar la relación entre la disposición espacial en estos edificios y la orientación de los usuarios, utilizando Análisis de Secuencia Comportamental (BSA) y Sintaxis Espacial a través de Realidad Virtual Inmersiva (iVR). La metodología se basa en datos comportamentales y espaciales, probada en configuraciones experimentales en entornos de iRV. El análisis de sintaxis espacial se emplea para recopilar datos. Se realizaron experimentos con tareas de orientación en hospitales virtuales con diversas configuraciones de plano. Los datos conductuales del BSA se asociaron con los datos espaciales, obteniendo una comprensión completa del comportamiento de orientación. Los resultados indican que la disposición semi-centralizada con alta visibilidad es más eficaz en la orientación, mientras que la distribución descentralizada con baja visibilidad lo es menos.

Resumen Durante la valoración preanestésica de la paciente obstétrica, es fundamental evaluar la condición cardiovascular basal de la paciente, identificar riesgos potenciales y facilitar modificaciones conductuales para desarrollar una estrategia de manejo individualizada, dirigida a minimizar las complicaciones. La ecografía cardíaca a la cabecera del paciente (POCUS) es un instrumento valioso para evaluar la morfología y la función del corazón antes de un procedimiento quirúrgico. El POCUS cardiaco no está diseñado para sustituir a la ecocardiografía transtorácica formal, que corresponde al área de anestesiología cardiovascular y a la cardiología. Sin embargo, cuando se usa en conjunto con la anamnesis, el examen físico, el electrocardiograma y los resultados de exámenes de laboratorio previos, el POCUS cardiaco es un complemento valioso dentro del arsenal diagnóstico de los anestesiólogos. Permite la visualización directa del corazón y de los grandes vasos, con beneficios adicionales de velocidad, disponibilidad y bajo riesgo para la paciente. El objetivo del presente manuscrito es explorar y describir las ventajas del POCUS cardiaco durante el periodo preanestésico en pacientes obstétricas y su valor potencial para los anestesiólogos, a través de la identificación de condiciones eventualmente peligrosas que pudieran requerir un manejo preoperatorio individualizado.

Abstract During the preanesthetic assessment of the obstetric patient, it is critical to assess the patient's cardiovascular baseline condition, identify any potential risks, and facilitate behavioral modification to develop an individualized management strategy aimed at minimizing complications. Cardiac point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a valuable instrument for assessing the morphology and function of the heart prior to surgery. Cardiac POCUS is not designed to replace comprehensive transthoracic echocardiography, which is the realm of cardiovascular anesthesiology and cardiology. However, when used in conjunction with anamnesis, physical examination, electrocardiogram, and previous laboratory results, cardiac POCUS is a valuable adjunct in the diagnostic toolbox of anesthesiologists. It allows for direct visualization of the heart and great vessels, with added benefits of speed, availability, and low risk for the patient. The purpose of this manuscript is to explore and describe the advantages of cardiac POCUS in the preanesthetic period of obstetric patients and its potential value for anesthesiologists through the identification of potentially hazardous conditions that may require individualized preoperative management.

Resumo: Chatbots podem utilizar-se de interações rápidas, e por vezes, especializada em diferentes situações, tornando-os uma opção na escolha de ferramentas para coletar informações. Na avaliação psicológica de crianças e adolescentes, podem atuar como fontes complementares, e auxiliar a descrever, qualificar e mensurar características psicológicas e comportamentais, nas suas diversas formas de expressão, em diferentes contextos. Este estudo objetivou apresentar o Psico Bot, um chatbot desenvolvido para avaliar sintomas de ansiedade e depressão em crianças e adolescentes. Composto por 20 questões que mapeiam sintomas físicos e psicológicos dos constructos selecionados, sendo desenvolvido por meio da linguagem natural Dialogflow para uso na plataforma de conversação Google Assistente, o design do Psico Bot pauta-se em representação neutra, sem sexo ou idade determinados, facilitando a rápida identificação do usuário. Respaldando-se na utilização de multimétodos avaliativos, o Psico Bot pode oferecer informações relevantes sobre a saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes utilizando linguagem e dispositivos de fácil compreensão e manuseio por essa população. Para o avaliador, a ferramenta oferece resposta rápida e informações específicas sobre cada constructo, possibilitando intervenções mais efetivas em elementos de maior necessidade.

Abstract: Chatbots can use fast, and sometimes specialized interactions in different situations, making them an option in the choice of tools to collect information. In the psychological assessment of children and adolescents, they can act as complementary sources, and help to describe, qualify and measure psychological and behavioral characteristics, in its various forms of expression, in different contexts. This study aimed to present Psico Bot, a chatbot developed to assess symptoms of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents. Consisting of 20 questions that map physical and psychological symptoms of the selected constructs, it was developed through the natural language Dialogflow for use in the Google Assistant conversation platform. The design of Psico Bot is based on a neutral representation, with no determined gender or age, facilitating quick identification by the user. Based on the use of multimethod evaluations, the Psico Bot can offer relevant information about the mental health of children and adolescents using language and devices that are easy to understand and handle by this population. For the evaluator, the tool offers quick response and specific information about each construct, enabling more effective interventions in elements of greatest need.

Resumen: Los chatbots pueden utilizar interacciones rápidas y, a veces especializadas, en diferentes situaciones, lo que los convierte en una opción en la elección de herramientas para recopilar información. En la evaluación psicológica de niños y adolescentes pueden actuar como fuentes complementarias y ayudar a describir, calificar y medir las características psicológicas y de comportamiento en sus diversas formas de expresión en diferentes contextos. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo presentar Psico Bot, un chatbot desarrollado para evaluar síntomas de ansiedad y depresión en niños y adolescentes. Compuesto por 20 preguntas que mapean síntomas físicos y psicológicos de los constructos seleccionados, fue desarrollado mediante el lenguaje natural Dialogflow para su uso en la plataforma de conversación Google Assistant. El diseño de Psico Bot se basa en una representación neutra, sin género ni edad determinados, lo que facilita la rápida identificación por parte del usuario. A partir del uso de evaluaciones multimétodo, Psico Bot puede ofrecer información relevante sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes utilizando un lenguaje y dispositivos de fácil comprensión y manejo para esta población. Para el evaluador, la herramienta ofrece una respuesta rápida e información específica sobre cada constructo, lo que permite intervenciones más eficaces en los elementos de mayor necesidad.

Resumen: Este estudio buscó evaluar los aportes de un entrenamiento parental híbrido realizado con ocho madres de niños preescolares con trastorno del espectro autista basado en la ciencia del análisis aplicado de la conducta para la reducción del estrés parental. Se llevó a cabo la construcción e implementación de un entrenamiento parental híbrido. Se dividió la muestra en grupo de tratamiento y control, y se realizaron comparaciones del nivel de estrés en el período pre/postintervención, así como el análisis de la práctica directa con el niño en un cara a cara con el grupo de tratamiento. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que las madres del grupo de tratamiento reaccionaron positivamente a los videos y materiales presentados; sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas que sugieran una reducción en el nivel de estrés entre los dos grupos. Las limitaciones del estudio fueron el pequeño tamaño de la muestra y el hecho de que los niños de ambos grupos continuaron recibiendo tratamiento de terapia intensiva durante la implementación de la capacitación de los padres.

Resumo: Este estudo buscou avaliar as contribuições de um treinamento parental híbrido realizado com oito mães de crianças pré-escolares com transtorno do espectro do autismo baseado na ciência da análise do comportamento aplicada para a redução do estresse parental. Foi realizado a construção e implementação do treinamento parental híbrido. A amostra foi dividida em grupo tratamento e controle. Em termos de análise de dados, foram feitas comparações do nível de estresse no período pré/pós-intervenção, assim como a análise de uma prática direta com a criança de forma presencial com o grupo tratamento. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que as mães do grupo tratamento reagiram positivamente com as vídeos e materiais apresentados. No entanto, não foi observado diferenças estatísticas significativas para sugerir a redução do nível de estresse entre os dois grupos. As limitações do estudo foram o tamanho reduzido da amostra e o fato das crianças de ambos os grupos continuarem recebendo o tratamento em terapia intensiva durante a aplicação do treinamento parental.

Abstract: This study sought to evaluate the contributions of a hybrid parental training carried out with eight mothers of preschool children with autism spectrum disorder, based on the science of applied behavioral analysis for reducing parental stress. The hybrid parental training was constructed and implemented by the researchers. The sample was divided into two groups: a Treatment Group and a Control Group. In the data analysis, comparisons were made of the levels of stress pre- and post-intervention and for the treatment group, direct practice with the child in a face-to-face environment was also analyzed. The results showed that the mothers in the treatment group reacted positively to the video and materials presented; however, no significant statistical differences were found that would suggest a reduction in stress levels between the two groups as a result of the training given. The limitations of the study were its small sample size and the fact that the children in both groups continued to receive intensive therapy treatment during the application of the parental training.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a public health problem that mainly affects the adult population, which, together with low therapeutic adherence, limits the control of the pathology and achievement of therapeutic objectives. Objective: To determine the prevalence of therapeutic adherence in people with arterial hypertension and the relationship with behavioral and metabolic risk factors in primary health care in the city of Neiva, Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional analytical study with a sample of 335 randomly selected hypertensive adults attending a cardiovascular risk program. Behavioral and metabolic risk factors, anthropometric and clinical measurements, and the level of therapeutic adherence were evaluated. Stata 15 was used for statistical analysis, applying measures of central tendency and association. Results: Therapeutic adherence was 39.4% and a statistically significant association was found with adulthood (OR: 2.46; 95% CI: 1.49 - 4.05), education (OR: 3.14; 95% CI: 1 .82 - 5.42), taking 3 or fewer medications (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.27 - 3.43) and with therapeutic objectives such as normal BM1, normotension and normoglycemia. Conclusions: The prevalence of therapeutic adherence was low, similar to that evidenced in other contexts of patients with chronic pathologies, associated with behavioral and metabolic factors.

RESUMEN Introducción: La hipertensión arterial es un problema de salud pública que afecta principalmente a la población adulta, que, aunado a una baja adherencia terapéutica, limita el control de la patología y logro de objetivos terapéuticos. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la adherencia terapéutica de personas con hipertensión arterial y la relación con factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos en atención primaria de la ciudad de Neiva, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio analítico de corte transversal, con una muestra de 335 adultos hipertensos seleccionados de manera aleatoria, asistentes a un programa de riesgo cardiovascular Se evaluaron factores de riesgo conductuales y metabólicos, mediciones antropométricas, clínicas y el nivel de adherencia terapéutica. Para el análisis estadístico se usó Stata 15, aplicando medidas de tendencia central y de asociación. Resultados: La adherencia terapéutica fue 39,4% y se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa con la adultez (OR: 2,46; IC 95%: 1,49 - 4,05), escolaridad (OR: 3,14; IC 95%: 1,82 - 5,42), tomar 3 o menos medicamentos (OR: 2,09; IC 95%: 1,27 - 3,43) y con objetivos terapéuticos como IMC normal, normotensión y normoglicemia. Conclusiones: La prevalencia de la adherencia terapéutica fue baja, similar a la evidenciada en otros contextos de pacientes con patologías crónicas, asociado a factores comportamentales y metabólicos.

RESUMO Introdução: A hipertensão arterial é um problema de saúde pública que atinge principalmente a população adulta, o que, aliado à baixa adesão terapêutica, limita o controle da patologia e o alcance dos objetivos terapêuticos. Objetivo: Determinar a prevalência de adesão terapêutica de pessoas com hipertensão arterial e a relação com fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos na atenção primária na cidade de Neiva, Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo analítico transversal, com amostra de 335 adultos hipertensos selecionados aleatoriamente e atendidos em programa de risco cardiovascular. Foram avaliados fatores de risco comportamentais e metabólicos, medidas antropométricas e clínicas e nível de adesão terapêutica. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o Stata 15, aplicando medidas de tendência central e associação. Resultados: A adesão terapêutica foi de 39,4% e foi encontrada associação estatisticamente significativa com idade adulta (OR: 2,46; IC 95%: 1,49 - 4,05), escolaridade (OR: 3,14; IC 95%: 1,82 - 5,42), uso de 3 ou menos medicamentos (OR: 2,09; IC 95%: 1,27 - 3,43) e com objetivos terapêuticos como IMC normal, normotensão e normoglicemia. Conclusões: A prevalência de adesão terapêutica foi baixa, semelhante à encontrada noutros contextos de doentes com patologias crónicas, associadas a factores comportamentais e metabólicos.

Abstract Introduction: The currents of streams and rivers are natural signals that influence the migrations in the life cycle of amphidromous shrimp. Objective: To evaluate the rheotaxis behavior in juveniles and adults of Macrobrachium tenellum, in relation to their response capacity to different water currentspeeds in a closed-loop experimental system. Methods: A PVC pipe system was used, with a tub for water recirculation and a backwater placed in the middle of the system. Water flows of 10-30 cm/s were tested to establish the experimental conditions. Rheotaxis behavior without backwater (SR) and with backwater (CR) was evaluated; three water flows were tested: FI, 14 cm/s; FII, 18.7 cm/s; and FIII, 22.1 cm/s, and a control FC flow, 0 cm/s, with 40 juveniles, 40 females and 40 males per flow. Three main behaviors were identified: positive rheotaxis, negative rheotaxis, and no reaction. Results: For both SR and CR, water flows stimulate positive rheotaxis and the behavioral response is different depending on the speed of the water flow and whether they are juveniles, females, or males. In CR there was a greater response of the prawns to continue swimming against the current when they entered the pool. At a straight angle, the constant flow of water greater than 23.2 cm/s makes it difficult for this species to swim against the current. Conclusions: The positive rheotaxis response was the most prevalent in juveniles, females, and males of M. tenellum.

Resumen Introducción: Las corrientes de arroyos y ríos son señales naturales que influencian las migraciones en el ciclo de vida de langostinos anfídromos. Objetivo: Evaluar el comportamiento de reotaxis en juveniles y adultos de Macrobrachium tenellum, con relación a su capacidad de respuesta a diferentes velocidades de flujos de corriente de agua en un sistema experimental de circuito cerrado. Métodos: Se utilizó un sistema de tubos PVC, con una tina para la recirculación del agua y un remanso colocado a la mitad del sistema. Se probaron flujos de agua de 10-30 cm/s para establecer las condiciones experimentales. Se evaluó el comportamiento de reotaxis sin remanso (SR) y con el remanso (CR); se probaron tres flujos de agua: FI, 14 cm/s; FII, 18.7 cm/s; y FIII, 22.1 cm/s, y un flujo control FC, 0 cm/s, con 40 juveniles, 40 hembras y 40 machos por flujo. Se identificaron tres comportamientos principales: reotaxis positiva, reotaxis negativa y sin reacción. Resultados: Tanto para SR como CR los flujos de agua estimulan mayormente la reotaxis positiva y la respuesta de comportamiento es diferente según la velocidad del flujo de agua y si son juveniles, hembras o machos. En CR hubo una mayor respuesta de los langostinos a seguir nadando en contra de la corriente cuando estos ingresaban al remanso. En un ángulo recto, el flujo de agua constante superior a 23.2 cm/s dificulta el nado contra corriente de esta especie. Conclusiones: La respuesta de reotaxis positiva fue la que mayor predominó en juveniles, hembras y machos de M. tenellum.

Abstract Introduction: Extensive cattle ranching in tropical dry forest areas (TDF) has caused the transformation of natural ecosystems and has altered the behavior of associated organisms, generating variation in activity patterns. In bats, the activity pattern is affected by the composition and vegetation structure of the ecosystem, and by the climatic season (dry and rainy). Therefore, it is expected that conventional extensive livestock systems, as opposed to silvopastoral systems where environmental heterogeneity is favored, determine the activity of bats. Objective: To compare the activity patterns of bats in conventional management systems (CS) and silvopastoral (SPS) of extensive cattle ranching associated with TDF in the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: The activity pattern of bats in TDF fragments associated with conventional and silvopastoral systems was compared within an annual cycle. The daily activity patterns of 11 species with records for over 10 days in both livestock management systems were determined. Results: A total of 2 788 bats were captured, from six families, 22 genera, and 37 species. Greater bat activity was recorded during the rainy season. We found that although bats show behavioral adaptation to the different management systems (except for Carollia perspicillata, Dermanura phaeotis and Glossophaga soricina), in TDF fragments associated with SPS there is greater bat activity throughout the year, compared to the activity recorded in CS. Likewise, the only nectarivorous species evaluated, G. soricina, also presented the lowest overlap value between the two types of management SC and SSP. Conclusion: The TDF fragments associated with SPS, due to the vegetation composition and structure, probably favor the constant supply of resources suitable for the bats’ assemblage stability, especially flowers and fruits.

Resumen Introducción: La ganadería extensiva en áreas de bosque seco tropical (bs-T) ha causado la transformación de los ecosistemas naturales, y ha alterado la conducta de los organismos asociados, generando variación en los patrones de actividad. En murciélagos, el patrón conductual se ve afectado por la composición y estructura vegetal del ecosistema, y por la época climática (seca y lluviosa). Por lo que, se espera que en los sistemas convencionales de ganadería extensiva a diferencia de los silvopastoriles donde se favorece la heterogeneidad ambiental, determine la actividad de los murciélagos. Objetivo: Comparar los patrones de actividad de los murciélagos en sistemas de manejo convencional (SC) y silvopastoril (SSP) de ganadería extensiva asociados al bs-T en el Caribe colombiano. Métodos: Se comparó el patrón de actividad de los murciélagos en fragmentos de bs-T asociados a SC y SSP durante un ciclo anual. Se determinó el patrón de actividad diaria de 11 especies con registros mayores a 10 días en ambos sistemas de manejo de ganadería. Resultados: Un total de 2788 murciélagos fueron capturados, de seis familias, 22 géneros y 37 especies. Se registró mayor actividad de murciélagos durante la época de lluvias. Encontramos que a pesar de que los murciélagos presentan adaptación del comportamiento a los diferentes sistemas de manejo (excepto Carollia perspicillata, Dermanura phaeotis y Glossophaga soricina), en fragmentos de bs-T asociados a SSP se presenta mayor actividad de los murciélagos durante todo el año, con respecto a la actividad registrada en los SC. Igualmente, la única especie nectarívora evaluada, G. soricina, presentó también el menor valor de solapamiento entre los dos tipos de manejo SC y SSP. Conclusión: Los fragmentos de bs-T inmersos en SSP debido a la estructura del paisaje, podrían estar favoreciendo la oferta constante de recursos adecuados para la estabilidad del ensamblaje de murciélagos, en especial flores y frutos.

SUMMARY: The hypothalamic peptide orexin has a prominent role in arousal-related processes. Parvalbumin (PV) positive neurons, as one of the most important subtypes of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) interneurons, which also participate in sleep-wake regulation. To broaden the understanding of the neural control and connection between these two types of neurons in the sleep associated nuclei, a double-label immunohistochemical method was used to investigate the overlap between PV immunopositive distributions and projections of orexin neurons in mouse brain. In the basal forebrain, overlap was observed in the nucleus accumbens shell (AcbSh), the nucleus of the horizontal limb of the diagonal band (HDB), magnocellular preoptic nucleus (MCPO), substantia innominata (SI), but avoided the nucleus accumbens core (AcbC). In the diencephalon, this dual innervation extended in the direction near the edge of the 3rd ventricle (3V) to the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO), although the density of PV neurons there was somewhat lighter. Orexin immunoreactive neurons in several lateral hypothalamic areas (LH) were embedded within dense clusters of PV processes when the buttons of orexin were in obvious contact with PV immunoreactivity. In the remainder of hypothalamus, mainly including the ventral tuberomammillary nucleus (VTM), there were few fine orexin fibers and buttons contact with PV soma. Intermingled orexin and PV immunoreactivity were observed in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), and sparse overlap was observed in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (VLPAG) and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDT) in the brainstem. Thus, these two different types of neurons, originating in different parts of the brain, together target several brain regions and brainstem monoaminergic nuclei involved in the roles of motivation, stress, locomotion, especially in the regulation of sleep.

RESUMEN: El péptido hipotalámico orexina tiene un papel destacado en los procesos relacionados con la excitación. Neuronas positivas para parvalbúmina (PV), como uno de los subtipos más importantes de interneuronas de ácido g-aminobutírico (GABA), que también participan en la regulación del sueño-vigilia. Para ampliar la comprensión del control neuronal y la conexión entre estos dos tipos de neuronas en los núcleos asociados al sueño, se utilizó un método inmunohistoquímico de doble marcado para investigar la superposición entre las distribuciones inmunopositivas de PV y las proyecciones de las neuronas de orexina en el cerebro de un ratón. En el prosencéfalo basal, se observó superposición en la capa del núcleo accumbens (AcbSh), el núcleo de la rama horizontal de la banda diagonal (HDB), el núcleo preóptico magnocelular (MCPO), la sustancia innominada (SI), pero se evitó el núcleo del núcleo accumbens. (AcbC). En el diencéfalo, esta inervación dual se extendía en dirección cercana al margen del tercer ventrículo (3V) hasta el núcleo preóptico ventrolateral (VLPO), aunque la densidad de neuronas PV allí era algo más ligera. Las neuronas inmunorreactivas de orexina en varias áreas hipotalámicas laterales (LH) estaban incrustadas dentro de densos grupos de procesos PV cuando los botones de orexina estaban en contacto obvio con la inmunorreactividad de PV. En el resto del hipotálamo, incluido principalmente el núcleo tuberomamilar ventral (VTM), había pocas fibras finas de orexina y botones en contacto con el soma PV. Se observó inmunorreactividad de orexina y PV entremezcladas en el área tegmental ventral (VTA), y se observó una escasa superposición en el núcleo gris periacueductal ventrolateral (VLPAG) y el núcleo tegmental laterodorsal (LDT) en el tronco encefálico. Así, estos dos tipos diferentes de neuronas, que se originan en diferentes partes del cerebro, se dirigen juntas a varias regiones del cerebro y a núcleos monoaminérgicos del tronco encefálico implicados en las funciones de motivación, estrés, locomoción y especialmente en la regulación del sueño.

Objetivos: Investigar os fatores associados à disposição para conhecer o estado sorológico para a sífilis entre estudantes do ensino superior. Métodos: Estudo transversal e analítico realizado com estudantes do ensino superior de Portugal. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de questionário on- line. Os dados foram analisados pela regressão logística de Poisson com variância robusta, utilizando o SPSS-24. Resultados: Incluídos 413 estudantes, maioria do sexo feminino, idade média de 20,5 anos e matriculada em cursos de saúde. Observou -se vulnerabilidades comportamentais como não uso do preservativo e uso de álcool/outras drogas; baixa percepção de risco e conhecimento ruim sobre sífilis. Menos da metade dos estudantes se dispuseram a realizar o teste para sífilis. Conclusões: A adesão ao rastreio para sífilis foi baixa e associada a fatores incomuns como menor conhecimento, baixa percepção de risco, menor idade e número de parcerias sexuais e frequentar cursos de áreas diferentes da saúde.

Objectives: To investigate the factors associated with the willingness to know the serological status for syphilis among higher education students. Methods: A cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted with higher education students in Portugal. Data collection was carried out through an online questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Poisson logistic regression with robust variance, utilizing SPSS-24. Results: A total of 413 students were included, the majority of whom were female, with an average age of 20.5 years, and enrolled in health-related courses. Behavioral vulnerabilities such as not using condoms and using alcohol/other drugs were observed; there was also a low-risk perception and poor knowledge about syphilis. Less than half of the students were willing to undergo the syphilis test. Conclusions: Adherence to syphilis screening was low and associated with uncommon factors such as lower knowledge, low risk perception, younger age, fewer sexual partnerships, and enrollment in courses outside the health field.

Objetivos: Investigar los factores asociados con la disposición a conocer el estado serológico para sífilis entre estudiantes de educación superior. Métodos: Estudio transversal y analítico realizado con estudiantes de educación superior en Portugal. La recogida de datos se realizó a través de un cuestionario en línea. Los datos se analizaron mediante regresión logística de Poisson con varianza robusta, utilizando SPSS-24. Resultados: Se incluyeron 413 estudiantes, la mayoría del sexo femenino, la edad promedio fue de 20,5 años y matriculados en carreras de salud. Observar vulnerabilidades de comportamiento como no usar condones y consumir alcohol u otras drogas; baja percepción de riesgo y escaso conocimiento sobre la sífilis. Menos de la mitad de los estudiantes estaban dispuestos a realizar la prueba de sífilis. Conclusiones: La adherencia al tamizaje de sífilis fue baja y se asoció con factores obvios como menor conocimiento, baja percepción de riesgo, menor edad y número de parejas sexuales y asistencia a cursos en áreas distintas a la salud.

Abstract The socio-emotional skills (SES), as a multidimensional construct, contains different variables, cognitive and behavioral, which can be cognitive and enhanced. Mediation is a self-compositional method of conflict resolution that has the mediator as a third-party facilitator to provide a climate of pacification and mutual respect between the controversial parties. That, the use of professional socio-moral skills central role for writing for these mediation gains. The present study aimed to understand the use of socio-emotional skills by the media, contributing to self-composition. As for the method, it is an exploratory research, qualitative and field procedure, in which 5 (five professionals) mediators participated. Data were analyzed through a semi-structured interview using the IRaMuTeQ software. The results demonstrated how the SES of the mediators contribute to self-composition, in the sphere of emotional intelligence for self-awareness and self-control, and in the category of social skills for empathy and affective approach. socioemotional socio SES, , (SES) construct variables behavioral enhanced selfcompositional self compositional thirdparty third party parties That sociomoral moral gains media selfcomposition. selfcomposition composition. composition self-composition research procedure five professionals participated semistructured semi structured software selfcomposition, composition, selfawareness awareness selfcontrol, selfcontrol control, control self-control approach (SES

Resumo As habilidades socioemocionais (HSE) formam um constructo multidimensional, do qual contém variáveis emocionais, cognitivas e comportamentais, que podem ser desenvolvidas e aprimoradas. A mediação é um método autocompositivo de solução de conflitos que tem o mediador como terceiro facilitador para proporcionar um clima de pacificação e respeito mútuo entre as partes controversas. Por isso, a utilização das habilidades socioemocionais por esses profissionais ganha papel central para a efetividade da mediação. Sendo assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender como a utilização das habilidades socioemocionais pelos mediadores contribui para a autocomposição. Quanto ao método, trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, qualitativa e de campo, tendo participado 5 (cinco) profissionais mediadores. Os dados foram coletados por uma entrevista semiestruturada, no formato remoto, e foram analisados pela Análise Lexicométrica através software IRaMuTeQ. Os resultados demonstraram como as HSE dos mediadores contribuem para a autocomposição, na esfera da inteligência emocional pela autoconsciência e autocontrole, e na categoria das habilidades sociais pela empatia e abordagem afetiva. (HSE multidimensional emocionais comportamentais aprimoradas controversas isso assim autocomposição tratase trata se exploratória campo cinco (cinco semiestruturada remoto IRaMuTeQ autocontrole afetiva

Abstract Introduction When cases of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) are treated successfully, most clinicians assume the normality and symmetry of the auditory processing. This assumption is based on the recovery of the detection ability on the part of the patients, but the auditory processing involves much more than detection alone. Since certain studies have suggested a possible involvement of the central auditory system during the acute phase of sudden hearing loss, the present study hypothesized that auditory processing would be asymmetric in people who have experienced sudden hearing loss. Objective To assess the physiologic and electrophysiological conditions of the cochlea and central auditory system, as well as behavioral discrimination, of three primary aspects of sound (intensity, frequency, and time) in subjects with normal ears and ears treated successfully for SSNHL. Methods The study included 19 SSNHL patients whose normal and treated ears were assessed for otoacoustic emissions, speech auditory brainstem response, intensity and pitch discrimination, and temporal resolution in a within-subject design. Results The otoacoustic emissions were poorer in the treated ears compared to the normal ears. Ear- and sex-dependent differences were observed regarding otoacoustic emissions and pitch discrimination. Conclusion The asymmetrical processing observed in the present study was not consistent with the hearing threshold values, which might suggest that the central auditory system would be affected regardless of the status of the peripheral hearing. Further experiments with larger samples, different recovery scenarios after treatment, and other assessments are required. (SSNHL alone discrimination intensity, (intensity frequency time 1 response withinsubject within subject design Ear sexdependent sex dependent values samples treatment required

Abstract Background: Objectives: The COM-B model of capability, motivation, and opportunity was used to estimate the determinants of PrEP usage intention among men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: Fourteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with MSM recruited through snowball sampling. The interviews lasted 30-60 minutes and were conducted via Zoom or telephone. The data were analyzed using Atlas Ti v.8 and mapped to capability, motivation, and opportunity domains. Results: Potential facilitators identified were the skills and interest in seeking information about PrEP (capability), social support and peer opinion (opportunity), and motivations to use PrEP as an additional tool in HIV prevention. The main barriers identified were stigma towards homosexuality and HIV (opportunity); healthcare system organization and financing (opportunity); perceived lack of ability to adhere to PrEP usage (capability); and monitoring of PrEP that could be attributed to personal and healthcare system factors (capability and opportunity). Conclusions: Four strategies are suggested to address these barriers: 1) adaptation of interventions that promote knowledge and skills for PrEP; 2) development of navigator interventions to engage organizations and leaders; 3) education and skills training for primary care physicians; and 4) improvement of sexual health care systems.

Resúmen Introducción: Estudios previos en relación con los determinantes del uso de la profilaxis preexposición al VIH en Colombia son escasos, en este estudio nos proponemos usar el modelo de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad COM-B para estimar los determinantes de la intención de uso de PrEP en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres (HSH). Metodología: se realizaron 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas con HSH reclutados por muestreo de bola de nieve, con una duración entre de 30-60 minutos, por zoom o teléfono. Se realizo un análisis de contenido y luego se realizó el mapeo de los temas con los dominios de capacidad, motivación y oportunidad. Resultados: Se encontró como posibles facilitadores las habilidades e interés para buscar información sobre PrEP (Capacidad), el apoyo social y la opinión de pares (oportunidad), y las motivaciones para usar la PrEP como una herramienta adicional en la prevención del VIH. Como barrera se resalta principalmente el estigma hacia la homosexualidad y el VIH (oportunidad), la organización y financiación del sistema de salud, (oportunidad), la percepción de falta de habilidad para cumplir con el uso de PrEP (capacidad), y la monitoria de PrEP que se pudiera atribuir a factores personales y del sistema de salud (capacidad y oportunidad). Consideraciones finales: se sugieren 4 estrategias para abordar esas barreras 1) adaptación de intervenciones que promuevan el conocimiento y las habilidades para PrEP, 2) desarrollos de intervenciones de navegantes que promuevan la participación de organizaciones y lideres, 3) educación y habilidades para médicos de atención primaria, 4) mejoramiento del sistema de atención en salud sexual.