Abstract There are several characteristics that influence fire resistance of load-bearing masonries, wherein stand out the bricks compressive strength. Verification of wall systems fire behavior was conducted as prescribed by NBR 5628. This research aims to comparatively analyze fire resistance in real scale load-bearing walls, considering thermal insulation, structural stability, and airtightness. The thickness of the coating and laying mortar were standardized for all specimens just varying brick geometry and septs design in blocks of EST 60, 100, and 140 class. The obtained results show that the compressive strength of the bricks can induce both the structural stability of the constructive systems and its thermal insulation, being a typically critical characteristic for clay brick walls in a building fire. The sample with the highest compressive strength obtained the shortest local displacement, contributing to mitigate the generation of fissures in the system, enhancing the thermal insulation of the clay brick wall, and, thereby, its fire resistance. loadbearing load bearing masonries 5628 airtightness 60 100 14 class displacement system thereby 562 6 10 1 56 5

Resumo Diversas características influenciam a resistência ao fogo de sistema de parede em alvenaria estrutural, dentre as quais pode se incluir sua resistência à compressão. O comportamento desse sistema é validado experimentalmente conforme a norma NBR 5628. Esse estudo tem como objetivo analisar comparativamente a resistência ao fogo obtida através de ensaios em escala real em alvenaria estrutural, envolvendo as características de isolamento térmico, estanqueidade a passagem de gases e fumaça e estabilidade estrutural. Foram avaliados componentes com a mesma configuração em termos de revestimento e assentamento, assumindo como variável a resistência a compressão dos blocos, tendo sido considerados neste estudo blocos de classe EST 60, 100 e 140. Os resultados obtidos apontam que a resistência à compressão da alvenaria pode influenciar, além da estabilidade estrutural do sistema, também seu isolamento térmico, critério tipicamente crítico para alvenarias de blocos cerâmicos em situação de incêndio. A amostra de maior resistência à compressão apresentou menor deslocamento horizontal, contribuindo para mitigar a geração de fissuras, aumentando a oposição da alvenaria à passagem da temperatura ao longo de sua seção transversal e assim aumentar sua resistência ao fogo. 5628 térmico assentamento 60 10 140 influenciar incêndio horizontal fissuras 562 6 1 14 56 5

Summary: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch is a fruit tree with high economic value. However, this crop is very sensitive to zinc (Zn) deficiency in alkaline soils, where an alternative to minimize this problem is the edaphic supply of this micronutrient. Thus, the objective of this research is to evaluate the response of some physiological variables (trunk diameter, fruiting shoot length, terminal leaflet area and leaf Zn concentration), yield components (kg tree-1, nut weight, kernel percentage and alternation index) to the edaphic Zn chelate application in pecan nut “Western Schley” for three years in Chihuahua, Mexico. Five edaphic doses of Zn chelate (Carboxy Zn®, Innovak Global, México kg ha-1) T1 (8.5), T2 (17), T3 (34), T4 (51), T5 (68), where T0 corresponds to the control (no application) were evaluated in a split-plot experimental design with five replications. Statistical analyses showed statistical differences in physiological parameters such as trunk diameter and shoot length (19.93 and 19.27 cm, respectively), terminal leaflet area (34.08 cm2) and leaf Zn concentration (34.93 mg kg-1) with soil application of 8.1 (kg ha-1 of Carboxy Zn), as well as yield components (12.82 kg tree-1, 7.82 g nut weight and 59.15 kernel percentage) and minimize the bearing alternation index. The edaphic application of Carboxy Zn could be an alternative to Zn supply in the agronomic management of commercial pecan nut orchards in alkaline soils.

Resumen: Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh.) K. Koch., es un frutal con alto valor económico, sin embargo, es un cultivo muy sensible a la deficiencia de zinc (Zn) en suelos alcalinos, donde una alternativa para minizar este problema es el suministro edáfico de este micronutriente. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la respuesta de variables fisiológicas (diámetro de tronco, longitud de brote fructífero, área del foliolo terminal y concentración foliar de Zn) y componentes de rendimiento (kg árbol-1, peso de la nuez, porcentaje de la almendra e índice de alternancia), a la aplicación de quelato de Zn en nogal pecanero “Western Schley”. Durante tres años en Chihuahua, México, se evaluaron cinco dosis edáficas de quelato Zn (Carboxy Zn®, Innovak Global) en kg ha-1 de los siguientes tratamientos: T1 (8.5), T2 (17), T3 (34), T4 (51), T5 (68), donde T0 corresponde al testigo (sin aplicación) en un diseño experimental de parcelas dividas con 5 repeticiones. El análisis estadístico reflejó diferencias estadísticas con la aplicación edáfica de 8.1 (kg ha-1 de Carboxy Zn) en parámetros fisiológicos como diámetro de tronco y longitud de brote (19.93 y 19.27 cm respectivamente), área del folíolo terminal (34.08 cm2) y concentración foliar de Zn (34.93 mg kg-1). Así como los componentes de rendimiento (12.82 kilogramos fruto árbol-1, 7.82 g peso de la nuez y 59.15 porcentaje de la almendra) y minimizarón el índice de alternancia. La aplicación edáfica de Carboxy Zn, podría ser una alternativa al suministro de Zn en el manejo agronómico de huertos comerciales de nogal pecanero en suelos alcalinos.

This paper investigated the pre-concentration amenability of sovite (carbonatite) ore to enhance the grade of rare earth elements (REE) bearing minerals by rejecting calcite, and to improve total rare earth elements (TREE) recovery using gravity and magnetic separation. A high proportion of calcite affects downstream processes like leaching due to high acid consumption. Multiple flowsheets combining gravity and magnetic separation were employed to target > 60% TREEs recovery to the final concentrate and > 60% calcite rejection to the tailings. Head analysis of the feed showed the sample's main constituents as Fe (15.61%), Ca (16.04%), SiO2 (7.13%), and lastly TREEs (1.12%). Mineralogy liberation data at 2mm top size indicated poor liberation of TREEs, with the majority of minerals displaying < 30% mass greater than 80% liberated. Grain size distribution data showed that the majority of REE minerals are fine grained and report to the < 20 μm size class. Calcite liberation mineralogy showed < 60% mass greater than 80% liberation.A combination of a single-stage shaking table with a wet high intensity magnetic separator at a magnetic intensity of 7520 G was found to be the optimum flowsheet. For a shaking table feed with P80 of 150 μm followed by tails regrind to P80 of 45 μm as feed to wet high intensity magnetic separator, the overall mass balance results showed that 60.5% TREEs are recovered to the concentrate while 63.0% calcite is rejected to the tails. However, due to the fine-grained nature of TREEs, no flowsheet improved their grade.

There is currently limited knowledge concerning South African coal deposits as hosts for rare earth elements (REE). This project aims to determine the concentration of REE, including yttrium and scandium (REY+Sc) in various coal seams and adjacent sediments in borehole cores from the Ermelo, Witbank, and Waterberg coalfields in South Africa. Coal petrography (maceral count and vitrinite reflectance), XRD, XRF, sequential chemical extraction procedure (SCEP) before ICP-MS, and mineral liberation analysis (MLA) were conducted on the coal and associated sediment samples. The coals were inertinite-rich, medium-rank bituminous coal, with moderate to high ash content. The two dominant minerals in all the coalfields are kaolinite and quartz, except for sample ZBS2M, where dolomite was dominant. The dominant major oxides are Al2O3, SiO2, Fe2O3, and CaO, which concur with the XRD results. The ICP-MS results following SCEP indicated that both coal and the associated sediments were light REY+Sc dominant. There was also an elevation of medium REY+Sc in the Witbank coal's associated sediment samples. Notably, the samples with the highest REY+Sc results were the sediment samples. The Waterberg samples had the lowest REY+Sc from both the coal (less than 2 μg/g to 7 μg/g) and associated sediments (2 μg/g to 15 μg/g). While the highest REY+Sc was yielded from the Witbank-associated sediments (500 μg/g to 2,500 μg/g). The carbonate fraction step proved to be the most successful leaching step, as most REY+Sc was recovered in that step for all coalfields. In addition to the carbonate fraction, the silicates and sulfide fraction in the Witbank samples, and the ion-exchangeable fraction for the Waterberg-associated sediments samples proved successful in leaching out the REY+Sc. MLA determined that monazite and xenotime in all the coal samples were the REY+Sc-bearing minerals.

RESUMEN El fallo en una máquina eléctrica constituye un proceso inevitable debido a las solicitaciones térmicas, mecánicas, eléctricas y ambientales a las cuales se ven expuestas a lo largo de su vida útil, sin embargo, con una adecuada estrategia de mantenimiento, es posible evitar fallas imprevistas y lograr que la máquina alcance su vida útil. Antes de someter al activo a cualquier régimen de pruebas, es preciso evaluar su historial de operación, debido a que el indicio de cambio inusual en su condición, podría acusar una falla incipiente. Los fallos de mayor ocurrencia en los generadores sincrónicos de polos salientes son los de excentricidad, al estar directamente ligados a síntomas de daños en los cojinetes. La introducción de la componente fundamental de la corriente por el neutro del generador como variable de estado de diagnóstico de la excentricidad, constituye un aporte que optimiza el proceso de gestión del mantenimiento por su fácil manejo y su alto contenido de información.

ABSTRACT The failure of an electrical machine is an unavoidable process due to the thermal, mechanical, electrical and environmental stresses to which it is exposed throughout its useful life, however, with a proper maintenance strategy, it is possible to avoid unforeseen failures and ensure that the machine reaches its useful life. Before subjecting the asset to any testing regime, it is necessary to evaluate its operating history, because the indication of an unusual change in its condition could indicate an incipient failure. The most common failures in salient poles synchronous generators are eccentricity failures, as they are directly linked to symptoms of bearing damage. The introduction of the fundamental component of the current through the neutral of the generator as a state variable for the diagnosis of eccentricity is a contribution that optimizes the maintenance management process due to its easy handling and high content of information.

The provision ofhealthcare services to African migrants within the S outh African public healthcare system has been characterized as marred by medical xenophobia. While the literature on xenophobia in the country draws connections between xenophobic violence and how the migrant is characterized through demeaning metaphors in the media and the political space, medical xenophobia literature somewhat remains with the burden of categorically connecting specific practices that constitute medical xenophobia with the broader anti-migrant discourse. Drawing on the narratives of Zimbabwean migrant women seeking antenatal care services within the public healthcare system in Johannesburg, this paper analyzes the utterances and practices of some healthcare providers to draw connections with the anti-migrant narratives obtaining in the media, the political space, and certain anti-migrant formations (bearers of discourse). Like studies before it, this paper observes medical xenophobia and relying on Foucault's disciplinary power as a conceptual tool, it argues that the utterances by some public healthcare professionals are indeed unabridged rearticulations of the normalized anti-migrant discourse in various sites bearing anti-migrant discourse. While acknowledging that some bureaucrats' practices are tangential to the anti-migrant discourse, which decouples their individual actions from the discursive norm, the paper maintains that the standardized anti-migrant discourse for the large part provides frames of reference for some healthcare providers on how to perceive and treat the migrant patient, as their utterances are a restage of this discourse, usually with little to no annotations.

Reprocessing of historic gold tailings is a common activity in South Africa, while base metal tailings offer similar reprocessing potential. The historic base metal tailings of the Namib Pb-Zn mine (Erongo Region, Namibia) still contain valuable resources of Pb and Zn in carbonate-rich matter. Micro-analysis of primary ore minerals identifies some galena as argentiferous and sphalerite as the principal host of Cd. This study demonstrates that knowledge of primary ore mineralogy helps to reveal the hosts of valuable commodities (Ag, Cd) and that field-portable X-ray fluorescence tools allow precise and accurate determinations of major and minor elements like Zn and Cd in such carbonate-rich material. Although there are limitations to directly determine the contents of certain element (i.e., As, Sb, In), linear correlations allow prediction of the likely abundance of these elements. Providing that the inter-mineral and inter-element relations are understood and there is consistency in sampling and analytical methodology, portable X-ray fluorescence analysis is an effective method to evaluate the chemical characteristics of base metal tailings for a range of major and trace elements.

Resumen: El método de análisis estático no lineal ha facilitado modelos más cercanos a la respuesta estructural para fuertes movimientos sísmicos. Por lo tanto, se desarrolló una evaluación del desempeño sísmico de un edificio de sala multiusos ubicado en una universidad nacional pública de Chiclayo-Perú, aplicando el análisis estático no lineal, la cual contiene dos módulos semejantes de 3 niveles c/u con plantas irregulares. El sistema estructural de la edificación es de muros portantes. Fue construida en el año 2010 y fue diseñada de acuerdo a la E.030 (Norma sismo resistente peruana) y con la microzonificación sísmica de Perú. Para efectos prácticos, tomando en consideración la simetría de la estructura global, se evaluó uno de los módulos utilizando métodos no lineales que puedan simular el efecto de sismos. Este desarrollo incluía la aplicación de un análisis lineal para establecer los espectros de respuesta y a partir de ello ejecutar el análisis no lineal Pushover. En base a los resultados, se determinó el desempeño en las dos direcciones, tomando en cuenta los niveles de desempeño de la HAZUS y VISION 2000. Los resultados muestran que la edificación tiene un desempeño de "Seguridad de vida " y "Cerca al colapso " en la dirección X y Y respectivamente; además de ello, las derivas muestran una estrecha relación con los datos de desempeño, pues HAZUS demuestra que las derivas en Y no son favorables; por lo tanto, se determinó que es necesario que se ejecute un reforzamiento estructural de la edificación para mejorar el comportamiento desfavorable.

Abstract: The nonlinear static analysis method has facilitated models that are closer to the structural response for strong seismic movements. Therefore, a seismic performance evaluation of a multi-purpose hall building located in a national public university in Chiclayo, Peru, was developed, applying the nonlinear static analysis. This building comprises two similar modules, each with 3 levels and irregular plans. The building's structural system consists of load-bearing walls. It was constructed in 2010 and designed according to E.030 (the Peruvian seismic-resistant standard) and Peru's seismic microzonation. For practical purposes, considering the symmetry of the overall structure, one of the modules was evaluated using nonlinear methods capable of simulating the effect of earthquakes. This development included applying a linear analysis to establish the response spectra and, based on that, performing the nonlinear Pushover analysis. Based on the results, the performance in both directions was determined, considering the performance levels of HAZUS and VISION 2000. The results show that the building has a performance of "Life Safety" and "Near Collapse" in the X and Y directions, respectively. Additionally, the drifts show a close relationship with the performance data, as HAZUS demonstrates that the drifts in the Y direction are not favorable. Therefore, it was determined that structural reinforcement of the building is necessary to improve its unfavorable behavior.

Abstract: The pavement sub-base requires suitable materials for the necessary support. Traditionally, borrow material has been used, this generates environmental impact. This study analyzed the potential for reusing industrial waste ashes deposited in landfills. Laboratory tests were conducted by mixing the soil with different proportions of ashes. The relationship between soil moisture and dry weight was determined, and the C.B.R. (California Bearing Ratio) test was performed. The pavement thickness was calculated, keeping the same sub-base thickness. As the percentage of ashes increased, the soil quality decreased, but it still met the requirements for use as a sub-base. It is recommended to consider industrial waste ashes as a viable recycling material in pavement construction, which would reduce the environmental impact associated with their disposal in landfills.

Resumen: La sub-base del pavimento requiere materiales adecuados para el soporte necesario. Tradicionalmente, se ha utilizado material de préstamo, lo que genera un impacto ambiental. Este estudio analizó el potencial de reutilizar cenizas de desecho industrial depositadas en vertederos. Se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio mezclando el suelo con diferentes proporciones de cenizas. Se determinó la relación entre humedad y peso seco del suelo, se realizó el ensayo C.B.R. (California Bearing Ratio) y se calculó el espesor de pavimentos, con un mismo espesor de sub-base. A medida que aumenta el porcentaje de cenizas, la calidad del suelo disminuye, pero sigue cumpliendo los requisitos para ser utilizado como sub-base. Se recomienda considerar las cenizas de desecho industrial como un material de reciclaje viable en la construcción de pavimentos, lo que reduciría el impacto ambiental asociado a su disposición en vertederos.

ABSTRACT Raman spectroscopy analysis was performed on a 303 kg pitcher-shaped metal piece, likely bearing lonsdaleite diamonds. The Raman spectra revealed four main bands: a shifted D-band (1294-1330 cm-1), a G-band (1583-1588 cm-1), an iron meteorite band (217, 284, and 402 cm-1), and a weak fourth band (1428-1460 cm-1). FWHM values (39-162 cm-1) were high, indicative of a significant lonsdaleite component (10-100%). The shifted D-peak wavenumber and FWHM values suggest the formation of lonsdaleite diamonds under high-pressure, high-temperature conditions (1068-1541 °C), possibly due to a hypervelocity collision in space. This finding strengthens the evidence for diamonds in iron meteorites and could represent the largest diamond-bearing iron meteorite recorded to date.

Resumen Raúl Dorra se propuso estudiar los modos en que la articulación ininterrumpida entre las formas de la percepción hace sentido. Ese estudio se proyectó en un cuantioso número de artículos y en la elaboración de tres tratados de los que dos se publicaron bajo los títulos La retórica como arte de la mirada y La casa y el caracol. El tercer tratado que llevaría el título La escritura: entre lo visible y lo audible no fue publicado en vida de quien fuera el fundador del Programa de Semiótica y Estudios de la Significación. En este trabajo propongo revisar los temas de la empresa que fue el estudio de los materiales sensibles del sentido a partir del tránsito del cuerpo entre la respiración y la enunciación.

Abstract Raúl Dorra had the purpose of studying the ways in which the uninterrupted articulation between the forms of perception makes sense. This study was projected in many articles and in the elaboration of three treaties of which two were published under the titles La retórica como arte de la mirada (Rhetoric as an art of the gaze) y La casa y el caracol (The house and the snail). The third treaty bearing the title La escritura: entre lo visible y lo audible (Writing: between the visible and the audible) was not published in the life of the founder of the Programa de Semiótica y Estudios de la Significación. In this paper I propose to review the themes of the company that was the study of the sensitive materials of sense from the transit of the body between breathing and enunciation.

Résumé Raúl Dorra a entrepris d'étudier la manière dont l'articulation ininterrompue entre les formes de perception fait sens. Cette étude s’est projetée à travers un grand nombre d'articles et de la rédaction de trois traités, dont deux ont été publiés sous les titres La retórica como arte de la mirada (La rhétorique comme art du regard) et La casa y el caracol (La maison et l'escargot). Le troisième traité, intitulé La escritura: entre lo visible y lo audible (L'écriture : entre le visible et l'audible), n'a pas été publié du vivant du fondateur du Programa de Semiótica y Estudios de la Significación. Dans cet article, je me propose de passer en revue les thèmes de cette entreprise qui consistait à étudier les matériaux sensibles du sens à partir du passage du corps entre la respiration et l'énonciation.

Abstract Construction professionals are at the forefront in reinforcing the soil with the use and application of methods and materials that help increase its bearing capacity, since one of the main causes of building collapse and settlement is soft soil. For this study, a five-story reinforced concrete building was designed using structural software and a soil-structure interaction analysis was performed. Immediate and differential settlements were calculated with the application of loads from the structure. Four reinforcement analysis models were considered: 1) without improvement; 2) with soil replacement; 3) with geogrids; and 4) with geogrids and footing width reduction. The bearing capacity was estimated using data from soil studies and material parameters from quarries near the study area in Portoviejo, Ecuador. An adaptation to the formulas of Meyerhof & Hanna was applied for the soil substitution alternative, while the formulas of Huang & Meng were used and applied for the geogrids. The aim of this analysis is to obtain a high bearing capacity value of the soil that leads to savings in foundation material and at the same time to achieve low numbers of settlements that are deduced to the safety of the structure. The results of the reinforcement in relation to the natural soil revealed a considerable increase for the geogrid alternatives compared to soil substitution, and a reduction in settlements. The percentages obtained after analysis and calculations demonstrate the benefits of using geogrids under this type of structure.

Resumen Los profesionales en construcción están a la vanguardia para reforzar el suelo con el uso y aplicación de métodos y materiales que ayuden a aumentar su capacidad portante, ya que, una de las causas principales de colapsos y asentamientos de edificaciones es el suelo blando. Para este estudio, se diseñó una edificación de cinco pisos de hormigón armado mediante un software estructural y se realizó un análisis de interacción suelo-estructura. Se calcularon los asentamientos inmediatos y diferenciales con la aplicación de las cargas provenientes de la estructura. Consideramos cuatro modelos de análisis de reforzamiento: 1) sin mejoramiento; 2) con sustitución del suelo; 3) con geomallas; y 4) con geomallas y reducción del ancho de zapata. El cálculo de la capacidad portante se estimó mediante datos de estudios de suelos y parámetros de materiales provenientes de canteras aledañas a la zona de estudio en Portoviejo, Ecuador. Se aplicó una adaptación a las fórmulas de Meyerhof y Hanna para la alternativa de sustitución del suelo, en cambio, para las geomallas se usó y aplicó las fórmulas de Huang & Meng. Lo que se pretende con este análisis es obtener un valor alto de capacidad portante del suelo que conlleve ahorro de material de cimentación y a la vez alcanzar números bajos en los asentamientos que se deduzcan a la seguridad de la estructura. Los resultados del reforzamiento con relación al suelo natural revelaron un incremento considerable para las alternativas de geomallas en comparación con la sustitución del suelo, y una reducción en los asentamientos. Los porcentajes obtenidos luego del análisis y de los cálculos demuestran los beneficios del uso de geomallas bajo este tipo de estructuras.

Abstract This article analyzes practices of care and the HIV diagnosis disclosure process to children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. A case study was conducted in an outpatient clinic located in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with health professionals, and the consultation of documents produced by the professionals. The analysis, based on the sociology of Simmel and Goffman, points to the revelation of the diagnosis as a hallmark that accompanies all the care established with users and sheds light on issues such as secrecy, stigma and the possible understandings about the health condition established. As a result, institutionalized relationships contribute to a progressive contact with the condition of bearing a stigma and enable phases of a patient’s life protected by information to exist. HIVAIDS AIDS HIV/AIDS observation semistructured semi structured professionals analysis Goffman secrecy result patients patient s exist

Resumo O artigo analisa as práticas de cuidado e o processo de revelação do diagnóstico a crianças e adolescentes vivendo com HIV/Aids. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em um ambulatório localizado em um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), através de observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde e consulta a documentos produzidos pelos profissionais. A análise, baseada na sociologia de Simmel e Goffman, aponta a revelação do diagnóstico como uma marca que acompanha todo o cuidado estabelecido com os usuários e dá luz a questões como o segredo, o estigma e as possíveis compreensões acerca da condição de saúde estabelecidas. Com isso, as relações institucionalizadas contribuem para um progressivo contato com a condição de portador de um estigma e fazem existir fases de uma carreira de doente protegido pela informação. HIVAids HIV Aids HIV/Aids RJ, RJ , (RJ) participante análise Goffman segredo estabelecidas isso informação (RJ

Resumo O artigo analisa as práticas de cuidado e o processo de revelação do diagnóstico a crianças e adolescentes vivendo com HIV/Aids. Foi realizado um estudo de caso em um ambulatório localizado em um hospital público do Rio de Janeiro (RJ), através de observação participante, entrevistas semiestruturadas com profissionais de saúde e consulta a documentos produzidos pelos profissionais. A análise, baseada na sociologia de Simmel e Goffman, aponta a revelação do diagnóstico como uma marca que acompanha todo o cuidado estabelecido com os usuários e dá luz a questões como o segredo, o estigma e as possíveis compreensões acerca da condição de saúde estabelecidas. Com isso, as relações institucionalizadas contribuem para um progressivo contato com a condição de portador de um estigma e fazem existir fases de uma carreira de doente protegido pela informação.

Abstract This article analyzes practices of care and the HIV diagnosis disclosure process to children and adolescents living with HIV/AIDS. A case study was conducted in an outpatient clinic located in a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro through participant observation, semi-structured interviews with health professionals, and the consultation of documents produced by the professionals. The analysis, based on the sociology of Simmel and Goffman, points to the revelation of the diagnosis as a hallmark that accompanies all the care established with users and sheds light on issues such as secrecy, stigma and the possible understandings about the health condition established. As a result, institutionalized relationships contribute to a progressive contact with the condition of bearing a stigma and enable phases of a patient’s life protected by information to exist.

Abstract Introduction: Childbirth is recognized as a physiological process essential to procreation and societal development. Nevertheless, it often lacks adequate discussion on humanized care practices. Therefore, it is necessary to identify women's experiences during vaginal birth care to create practices that ensure better quality care. Objective: To characterize scientific evidence related to women's experiences during vaginal birth care. Materials and Methods: An integrative review was conducted following Cooper's methodology; six databases were reviewed: Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus, and Cinahl, using the descriptors: Normal Birth; Humanized Birth; Humanization of Care; Obstetric Violence; Qualitative Research, in Spanish, English, and Portuguese, limited to the 2010-2023 period, with the following inclusion/exclusion criteria: Qualitative full-text articles on vaginal births with a score of 8 or higher according to CASPe. Results: Six thematic units emerged: microaggressions and macro-impacts: childbirth: between pain and fear; acting with respect: childbirth as a natural process; silencing, enduring, and bearing; my birth, my choice; making the invisible visible: normalizing violence during childbirth; and the ritual of childbirth: women's dignity. Conclusions: Women's childbirth experiences are influenced by the cultural contexts in which they live; the biomedical model and traditional practices clash and impact women's lives. Women must know their reproductive rights to contribute to a humanized childbirth.

Resumen Introducción: El parto es reconocido como un proceso fisiológico que alude a la procreación y al desarrollo entre las sociedades; no obstante, poco se ha habla sobre la atención humanizada del mismo. Por lo anterior, es necesario identificar la experiencia de las mujeres durante la atención del parto vaginal para generar prácticas que garanticen una mejor calidad en la atención. Objetivo: Caracterizar la evidencia científica relacionada con las experiencias de las mujeres durante la atención del parto vaginal. Materiales y Método: Se realizó una revisión integrativa, según Cooper; se revisaron seis bases de datos Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus y Cinahl, con los descriptores: Parto Normal; Parto Humanizado; Humanización de la Atención; Violencia Obstétrica e Investigación Cualitativa, en idioma español, inglés y portugués, limitada al periodo 2010-2023, con los siguientes criterios de inclusión/exclusión: artículos cualitativos en texto completo sobre partos vaginales, con puntuación mayor o igual a 8 según CASPe. Resultados: Se obtuvieron seis unidades temáticas: microagresiones y macro-impactos: el parto: entre el dolor y el miedo; actuar con respeto: el parto como proceso natural; silenciar, callar y soportar; mi parto, mi elección; haciendo visible lo invisible: normalizando la violencia durante el parto; y el rito de parir: dignidad de la mujer. Conclusiones: Las experiencias de las mujeres durante el parto están moldeadas por el contexto cultural en el que viven; el modelo biomédico y el tradicional chocan e impactan la vida de la mujer. Es necesario que las mujeres conozcan sus derechos reproductivos para contribuir con la humanización del parto.

Resumo Introdução: O parto é reconhecido como um processo fisiológico que alude à procriação e ao desenvolvimento entre as sociedades; entretanto, pouco se tem falado sobre a assistência humanizada ao parto. Portanto, é necessário identificar a experiência das mulheres durante o parto normal a fim de gerar práticas que garantam uma melhor qualidade de atendimento. Objetivo: Caracterizar as evidências científicas relacionadas às experiências das mulheres durante a assistência ao parto normal. Materiais e método: Foi realizada uma revisão integrativa, segundo Cooper, e revisadas seis bases de dados: Cochrane, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer, Scopus e Cinahl, com os descritores em espanhol, inglês e português, "parto normal", "parto humanizado", "humanização da assistência", "violência obstétrica", "pesquisa qualitativa", limitados ao período de 2010 a 2023, com os seguintes critérios de inclusão/exclusão: artigos qualitativos em texto completo sobre partos normais, com pontuação maior ou igual a 8 segundo o Critical Appraisal Skills Programme em espanhol (CASPe). Resultados: Emergiram seis unidades temáticas: microagressões e macroimpactos: parto - entre a dor e o medo; agindo com respeito - o parto como um processo natural; silenciar, calar e suportar; meu parto, minha escolha; tornando visível o invisível - normalizando a violência durante o parto; e o rito do parto - a dignidade da mulher. Conclusões: As experiências de parto das mulheres são moldadas pelo contexto cultural em que elas vivem; os modelos biomédico e tradicional colidem e impactam a vida das mulheres. É necessário que as mulheres estejam cientes de seus direitos reprodutivos para contribuir com a humanização do parto.