ABSTRACT The physiological quality of soya bean seeds is a determining factor in establishing the crop in the field. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the physiological quality of soya bean seeds produced by plants grown from seeds of different sizes in two crop seasons. The BS 2606 SOYTECH, NS 6700 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, BS IRGA 1642 IPRO and LANÇA 58i60 IPRO cultivars were used, sown in 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. The experimental design was of randomised blocks, with treatments comprising seeds from plants grown from seeds of three sieve sizes (5.5, 6.0 and 6.5 mm for cultivars BS2606, NS 6700 IPRO, NA 5909 RR, LANÇA; and 6.0, 6.5 and 7.0 mm for the BS IRGA 1642 IPRO cultivar). The following tests were conducted: germination, first germination count, shoot and root length, total seedling dry weight, seedling emergence, accelerated ageing and electrical conductivity. The results were subjected to analysis of variance, and the mean values were compared using Tukey’s test at 5% probability. The size classification of the soya bean seeds has no effect on the germination of the seeds that are produced. Higher seed vigour in the NA 5909 RR cultivar, determined by the seedling emergence test, and accelerated ageing in NS 6700 IPRO, were obtained from seeds produced by plants grown from seeds classified as a sieve size of 6.5 mm. For the other cultivars, the size classification of the seeds had no effect on the vigour of the produced seeds. field seasons 260 SOYTECH 670 590 164 i 58i6 used 20192020 2019 2020 2019/202 20202021 2021 2020/2021 blocks 5.5, 55 5 (5.5 60 6 0 6. 65 BS2606 70 7 7. cultivar. cultivar . cultivar) conducted count length weight conductivity variance Tukeys Tukey s probability 26 67 59 16 58i 2019202 201 202 2019/20 2020202 2020/202 5.5 (5. BS260 2 1 201920 20 2019/2 202020 2020/20 5. (5 BS26 20192 2019/ 20202 2020/2 ( BS2 2020/

Abstract: The main objective of this study is to characterize the virus associated with faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crops in the Department of Nariño (Colombia). Faba bean is an important food source, but it faces challenges from viral diseases such as "pod mottle." This disease manifests with symptoms such as leaf chlorosis, dwarfism, and pod lesions. Viral characterization is conducted through seed transmission tests, mechanical transmission, RT-PCR, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the virus morphology consists of spherical and enveloped particles that range between 80-100nm in diameter. RT-PCR and sequencing of the nucleocápside gen (558bp) reveals the virus is Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae (Tomato spotted wilt virus) with a 97% homology. Seed transmission is 2% while mechanical transmission is 40%. This is the first report of an Orthotospovirus affecting faba bean in Nariño, posing a risk to food security.

Resumen: El principal objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar el virus asociado al cultivo de haba (Vicia faba L.) en el Departamento de Nariño (Colombia). El cultivo de haba es una fuente importante de alimento, pero enfrenta desafíos por enfermedades virales como la "viruela de la vaina". Esta enfermedad se manifiesta con síntomas como clorosis en las hojas, enanismo y lesiones en la vaina. La caracterización del virus se realiza mediante pruebas de transmisión por semilla, transmisión mecánica, RT-PCR y microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM). Los resultados muestran que la morfología del virus consiste en partículas esféricas y envueltas de entre 80-100nm en diámetro. RT-PCR y secuenciación del gen nucleocápside (558pb) revela que el virus es Orthotospovirus tomatomaculae (Tomato spotted wilt virus) con una homología de 97%. La transmisión por semilla es de 2% y mecánicamente del 40%. Este es el primer informe de un Orthotospovirus afectando el haba en Nariño, lo que representa un riesgo para la seguridad alimentaria.

ABSTRACT Cercospora leaf spot (CLS) disease and bruchids are the common disease and insect pest causing yield loss in mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek). ‘KUML4’ is an improved mung bean cultivar grown in Thailand having high yield, early and highly synchronous maturity, large seed size, but susceptible to CLS disease and bruchids. This study was conducted to improve ‘KUML4’ through introgression of VrTAF5 for CLS resistance and VrPGIP2 for bruchid (Callosobruchus maculatus) resistance from landrace mung bean accessions ‘V4718’ and ‘V2808’, respectively, by marker-assisted backcrossing (MABC). In the MABC, foreground selections were performed using VrTAF5- and VrPGIP2-specific markers. The BC3F3 pyramided lines with KUML4 background carrying both VrTAF5 and VrPGIP2 genes were developed and evaluated for agronomic and yield-related traits, CLS resistance, and bruchid resistance. Three BC3F3 lines, KUML4-2020-21, KUML4-2020-23, and KUML4-2020-60, exhibiting superior agronomic and yield-related traits, CLS resistance, and bruchid resistance than ‘KUML4’ were successfully obtained via MABC. Under the CLS outbreak, these lines showed 248.5%-331.7% higher seed yield than ‘KUML4’. The lines expressed nearly perfect resistance to bruchid (< 5% seeds damaged). These lines can be developed into new resistant mung bean cultivars in the future.

ABSTRACT The germination tests to evaluate the quality of the seed, were carried out in laboratory of Quality of the Agrarian University of Havana, under controlled conditions, of humidity and light. Values were obtained they evidence the growth of the black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L var. BAT 304) per day, where it is shown that in the second day, of the 100 seeds that underwent the germination experiment, 8 of them were the most vigorous that measured between the values of 20 and 24,9 mm. In the third day the most vigorous they were 8 seedlings of values between 25 and 29,9 mm. In the fourth day they were 6 seedlings the most vigorous with values smaller than 30 mm. For what the fourth day was of 94%, you can demonstrate you that the seeds selected for the germination test in the laboratory are of high quality, being considered that this lot is of high quality, since it reaches superior levels to 90 germination%. The germination test in the field was carried out in a property in the immediacy of the popular advice of you Covered, the sampling was carried out to the fourth day, where 100 seeds that underwent the germination experiment, alone 3 of them the most vigorous that measured between the values of 20 and 24,9 mm. In the ninth day the most vigorous were they were 10 seedlings of values between 25 and 29,9 mm. In the tenth fourth day they were 9 seedlings the most vigorous with values smaller than 30 mm.

RESUMEN Las pruebas de germinación para evaluar la calidad de la semilla, se realizaron en laboratorio de Calidad de la Universidad Agraria de La Habana, bajo condiciones controladas, de humedad y luz. Se obtuvieron valores que evidencian el crecimiento del frijol negro (Phaseolus vulgaris L var. BAT 304) por día, donde se muestra que en el segundo día, de las 100 semillas que se sometieron al experimento de germinación, 8 de ellas fueron las más vigorosas, que midieron entre los valores de 20 y 24,9 mm. En el tercer día las más vigorosas fueron 8 plántulas de valores entre 25 y 29,9 mm. En el cuarto día fueron 6 plántulas las más vigorosas con valores menores de 30 mm. Por lo que el cuarto día fue de 94%, se puedes demostrar que las semillas seleccionadas para la prueba de germinación en el laboratorio son de alta calidad, ya que alcanza niveles superiores al 90% de germinación. La prueba de germinación en el campo se realizó en una finca en la inmediación del Consejo Popular de Tapaste, el muestreo se realizó al cuarto día, donde 100 semillas que se sometieron al experimento de germinación, solo 3 de ellas fueron las más vigorosas, que midieron entre los valores de 20 y 24,9 mm. En el noveno día las más vigorosas fueron 10 plántulas de valores entre 25 y 29,9 mm. En el decimo cuarto día fueron 9 plántulas las más vigorosas con valores menores de 30 mm.

ABSTRACT The symbiosis of common beans with nitrogen-fixing bacteria provides an efficient approach to sustainable and economical food production. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the application of cost-effective nitrogen management strategies in organic common bean cultivation, including the application of poultry manure and organic liquid fertilizer, seed and co-inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria (Azospirillum brasilense and/or Rhizobium tropici), and supplementary Rhizobium tropici inoculation. The study spanned three years in a well-established organic cultivation field (2018) and an initial organic cultivation area (2019 and 2020) in Brazil. It was arranged in a randomized blocks design in a 2 × 5 (2018) and 2 × 6 (2019 and 2020) factorial scheme, with four replicates. The most profitable strategy involves seed inoculation with Azospirillum brasilense and additional inoculation with Rhizobium tropici at stage V4-5 (fifth trifoliate leaf fully expanded), while the most costly strategy was the application of poultry manure at the V3 stage (first trifoliate leaf fully expanded). Thus, the use of diazotrophic bacteria for seed inoculation and co-inoculation (Azospirillum brasilense and/or Rhizobium tropici) ensured financial returns and system profitability in common bean cultivation. nitrogenfixing fixing production Therefore costeffective cost effective fertilizer coinoculation co andor or tropici, , wellestablished well established 2018 (2018 2019 (201 2020 Brazil scheme replicates V45 V V4 V4- fifth expanded, expanded expanded) first expanded. . Thus 201 (20 202 20 (2 (

RESUMO A simbiose do feijão comum com bactérias fixadoras de nitrogênio proporciona uma abordagem eficiente para a produção de alimentos sustentável e econômica. Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a aplicação de estratégias custo-efetivas de manejo de nitrogênio no cultivo orgânico do feijão comum, incluindo a aplicação de esterco de aves e fertilizante orgânico líquido, inoculação de sementes e coinoculação com bactérias diazotróficas (Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Rhizobium tropici), e inoculação suplementar com Rhizobium tropici. O estudo durou três anos em um campo de cultivo orgânico bem estabelecido (2018) e uma área inicial de cultivo orgânico (2019 e 2020) no Brasil. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 2 × 5 (2018) e 2 × 6 (2019 e 2020), com quatro repetições. A estratégia mais lucrativa envolve a inoculação de sementes com Azospirillum brasilense e inoculação adicional com Rhizobium tropici no estádio V4-5 (quinta folha trifoliada totalmente expandida), enquanto a estratégia mais cara foi a aplicação de esterco de aves no estádio V3 (primeira folha trifoliada totalmente expandida). Assim, o uso de bactérias diazotróficas para inoculação e coinoculação de sementes (Azospirillum brasilense e/ou Rhizobium tropici) garantiu retorno financeiro e rentabilidade do sistema no cultivo do feijão comum. econômica Portanto custoefetivas custo efetivas líquido eou ou tropici, , 2018 (2018 2019 (201 2020 Brasil 2020, repetições V45 V V4 V4- quinta expandida, expandida expandida) primeira expandida. . Assim 201 (20 202 20 (2 (

ABSTRACT Seed vigor is one of main attributes of the physiological quality from seed lot. Thus, identify which mechanisms are used by seeds of higher vigor that favor the formation of seedlings with better performance is a key aspect in agriculture. The enzyme activity of phytase and alpha-amylase favor the availability of phosphorus and sugars, respectively, during germination and can be determinants of seed vigor. Thus, the objective of the present work was to identify the association of phytase and alpha-amylase enzymes with the vigor of a seed lot of common beans. The results showed a positive correlation between seed vigor and the enzymes evaluated. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that seeds with high vigor have a high capacity to form seedlings with better performance, because they present high enzymatic activity. Also, in seed lots of the same genotype, they can be used to determine seed vigor during germination. Thus agriculture alphaamylase alpha amylase sugars respectively beans evaluated findings Also genotype

ABSTRACT: The present study evaluated, through physical and physiological tests, the seed quality of a landrace fava bean variety in different packaging materials and storage periods, aiming to guarantee the conservation of their quality in seed banks and facilities. The methodology used was the one recommended by the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS - Brasil, 2009) and minimum descriptors for Phaseolus lunatus L. The data were subjected to analysis of variance by the F-test at 5% signififance to verify the presence of significant interactions and the individual effects of each treatment. The test of multiple comparison of means was performed by the Tukey test at 5% significance between common treatments. The Dunnett test was used at 5% significance to compare the control means with the means of the treatments. Regression analysis was performed to study the effect of storage on the variables evaluated. All analyses were performed using the R software. From the results, it can be concluded that the storage of fava bean seeds is viable in small rural properties in impermeable packaging materials and aluminized polyethylene bags. The germination and vigor of the seeds analyzed in this study decreased throughout the storage period regardless of the type of packaging used. It is not recommended to store fava bean seeds in permeable paper packaging as they have the lowest quality indices (germination and vigor) at the end of the storage period. ABSTRACT evaluated tests periods facilities RAS Brasil 2009 L Ftest F 5 treatment treatments software results bags 200 20 2

RESUMO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar por meio de testes físicos e fisiológicos a qualidade das sementes de uma variedade crioula de feijão-fava em diferentes embalagens. (1 -Embalagem cartonada mista composta por camadas de plástico, papel cartão e folha de alumínio impermeável- CN; 2- garrafa plástica semipermeável - PET;3- Pote plástico rígido impermeável - PEAD; 4- pote de vidro transparente quebrável impermeável - VIDRO; 5- saco plástico flexível impermeável PEBD aluminizado; 6- saco de papel permeável) e períodos de armazenamento de (90, 180, 270 e 360 dias), visando garantir a conservação da qualidade delas em casas e bancos de sementes. A metodologia utilizada foi a preconizada pelas Regras de Análise de Sementes (RAS - Brasil, 2009) e por descritores mínimos para Phaseolus lunatus L. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância pelo teste F ao nível de 5 %, afim de verificar a presença de interação significativa e dos efeitos simples de cada tratamento. Foi realizado o teste de comparação múltipla das médias pelos testes Tukey ao nível de 5 % de significância entre os tratamentos comuns. Para comparar as médias da testemunha com os tratamentos comuns recorreu-se ao teste Dunnett ao nível de 5 % de significância. Para estudar o efeito do armazenamento sobre as variáveis avaliadas foi feita a análise de regressão. Todas as análises foram feitas com o auxílio do R por meio de programação. Pelos resultados, pode-se concluir que o armazenamento de sementes de feijão-fava: é viável em pequenas propriedades rurais em embalagem impermeável; saco de polietileno aluminizada. A germinação e o vigor das sementes analisadas diminuíram ao longo do período de armazenamento, independentemente do tipo de embalagem utilizada. Não é recomendado armazenar sementes de feijão-fava em embalagens permeáveis de papel por apresentaram os menores índices de qualidade (germinação e vigor) ao final do período de armazenamento. RESUMO feijãofava feijão fava 1 ( Embalagem CN 2 PET3 PET 3 PET;3 PEAD 4 VIDRO aluminizado 6 permeável 90, 90 (90 180 27 36 dias, dias , dias) RAS Brasil 2009 L tratamento recorreuse recorreu se regressão programação resultados podese pode aluminizada PET; 9 (9 18 200 20

ABSTRACT Despite the importance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) as a nitrogen source for leguminous plants, there are few reports of common bean breeding programs aiming at efficiency in SNF. This study aimed to analyze the interaction between elite lines of common bean with carioca grains and the nitrogen source (mineral fertilizer or SNF), and to select lines with wide adaptability, stability, high agronomic performance, and superiority in nodulation. Nineteen lines with carioca grains were evaluated in 12 environments in Brazil. In each environment, one experiment with mineral nitrogen fertilization and another with Rhizobium inoculation were set up, and agronomic traits were evaluated. Nodulation traits were evaluated in two years at one out of five location. Analyses of variance and of stability were performed, and Spearman’s correlations and the coincidence of selection of the best lines in both N sources were estimated. There is an effect of the N source and of genetic variability for all the traits. The lines were higher yielding under fertilization with mineral fertilizer, but they were more resistant to lodging when they were inoculated. The line by N source interaction was significant for 100-seed weight and resistance to lodging, but it did not affect selection of the best lines in the N sources. Eleven out of the 19 lines had no difference in grain yields between the two N sources. The line CNFC 15086 is recommended for growing in both N sources since it presented the highest yield and high adaptability and stability under both sources. The genotypes BRS Sublime, CNFC 15010, and CNFC 15003 had a high relative nodulation index and can be used in crosses with higher yielding lines. SNF (SNF plants SNF, , SNF) performance 1 Brazil environment up location performed Spearmans Spearman s estimated inoculated 100seed seed 100 1508 Sublime 15010 1500 10 150 1501 15

Abstract In Brazil, lima bean is mainly grown in the Northeast region, where it is widely consumed and is of major economic importance. We evaluated different Phaseolus lunatus accessions from the Northeast of Brazil using agromorphological markers and CMA/DAPI fluorochrome banding techniques. All the accessions showed CMA+ blocks of pericentromeric constitutive heterochromatin (CH). At least one pair of CMA++ terminal marks corresponds to the nucleolus organizer region (NORs). Characterization of the seeds suggests that the two Andean and Mesoamerican Phaseolus cultigroups are represented in the Brazilian germplasm analyzed. Most of them belong to the "Big Lima" group. Characterization studies of lima bean germplasm are important for increasing knowledge of the diversity and variability of the species and for generating useful information for breeding and conservation of this economically important legume. importance CMADAPI CMA DAPI techniques CH. CH . (CH) NORs. NORs (NORs) analyzed Big Lima group legume (CH (NORs

Abstract In phytophagous insects, adaptation to a new host is a dynamic process, in which early and later steps may be underpinned by different features of the insect genome. Here, we tested the hypothesis that early steps of this process are underpinned by a shift in gene expression patterns. We set up a short-term artificial selection experiment (10 generations) for the use of an alternative host (Cicer arietinum) on populations of the bean beetle Zabrotes subfasciatus. Using Illumina sequencing on young adult females, we show the selected populations differ in the expression of genes associated to stimuli, signalling, and developmental processes. Particularly, the “C. arietinum” population shows upregulation of histone methylation genes, which may constitute a strategy for fine-tuning the insect global gene expression network. Using qPCR on body regions, we demonstrated that the “Phaseolus vulgaris” population upregulates the genes polygalacturonase and egalitarian and that the expression of an odorant receptor transcript variant changes over generations. Moreover, in this population we detected the existence of vitellogenin (Vg) variants in both males and females, possibly harbouring canonical reproductive function in females and extracellular unknown functions in males. This study provides the basis for future genomic investigations seeking to shed light on the nature of the proximate mechanisms involved in promoting differential gene expression associated to insect development and adaptation to new hosts. insects genome Here patterns shortterm short term 10 (1 generations Cicer arietinum subfasciatus stimuli signalling processes Particularly C. C “C finetuning fine tuning network regions Phaseolus vulgaris Moreover Vg (Vg hosts 1 (

ABSTRACT. Lima bean cultivation has not received proper national and regional attention by research agencies, impairing the knowledge of the agronomic characteristics and its potential, information that is essential for the selection and launching of superior genotypes. The objective of this work was to characterize the seeds of 17 lima bean genotypes produced by family farmers in Paraíba State. The characterization was based on the descriptors for Phaseolus lunatus. A completely randomized design was used with 15 replicates. Data were submitted to analysis of variance with a subsequent grouping of means by the Scott-Knott test at 1% of probability. For analysis of the genetic diversity, the Tocher method was used based on the generalized Mahalanobis distance. There is variability among the genotypes. According to the means test, genotype 10 has a higher seed length, width, and weight. Considering the diversity among the groups and aiming to select light-colored and higher means of the evaluated traits, the selection of genotypes 8, 13, 4, and 10 is recommended to establish a breeding program that satisfies both the consumer and the producer. ABSTRACT agencies potential 1 State lunatus replicates ScottKnott Scott Knott probability distance length width weight lightcolored light colored traits 8 13 4 producer

Abstract Green beans are a legume used in human diets throughout the world. One of the most important factors limiting the yield of bean crops in the world is high lime. Two registered varieties (Beyzade and Lida) resistant to high lime and three commercial varieties (Ribera, Albeni, and Garrafol) which are superior in terms of some agricultural characteristics were used as materials. In this study, 20 F1 hybrid combinations were obtained from green bean varieties Beyzade, Lida, Riberia, Albeni, and Garrafol using full diallel crosses. The effects of GCA and SCA on the traits examined in the study were found to be important and the most suitable parent and cross combinations for green bean breeding were identified. The study found that additive genes can effectively inherit grain yield and plant height, while non-additive genes can effectively inherit other traits studied. Garrafol had the highest GCA for grain yield. The “Lida x Garrafol” cross exhibited high SCA effects for seed yield per plant. These results indicate that sufficient levels of genetic variation exist in the study population for the agricultural traits observed in this study. Beyzade Lida Ribera, Ribera (Ribera Albeni materials 2 F Riberia crosses identified height nonadditive non studied

ABSTRACT: Owing to rich in vitamins, proteins, mineral elements, and active substances, the highly medicinal and economic value of mung bean seeds have been proven to be beneficial to human. In order to fully identificate and innovative utilization of excellent germplasm resources for mung bean yield and quality breeding, the genetic diversity level of eight seed phenotypic traits of 302 mung bean germplasm resources were comprehensively evaluated by diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and cluster analysis. The results showed the genetic diversity of eight seed phenotypic traits of 302 mung bean germplasm resources with a Shannon diversity Index ranging from 0.25 to 2.09. For most traits, their coefficient of variation (CV) were more than 10% with the highest being seed shape (41.51%). Correlation analysis showed that the 100-seed weight had extremely positive correlations with seed size, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness. PCA of seed phenotypic traits showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 78.551%. These principal components included seed width, seed coat gloss and seed color. The 302 mung bean germplasm resources were divided into eight groups by cluster analysis. A total of 140 germplasm resources with large-seed were selected from group I and group II, of which 9 germplasm resources in group II were likely to be high-yield varieties. Overall, this study not only indicated sufficient variation among the studied germplasm resources, but also provided a theoretical basis for the selection, utilization and hybrid breeding of mung bean germplasm resources. ABSTRACT vitamins proteins elements substances human 30 PCA, , (PCA) 025 0 25 0.2 209 2 09 2.09 CV (CV 10 41.51%. 4151 41.51% . 41 51 (41.51%) 100seed 100 size length width thickness 78551 78 551 78.551% color 14 largeseed large highyield high varieties Overall selection 3 (PCA 02 0. 20 2.0 1 415 41.51 4 5 (41.51% 7855 7 55 78.551 2. 41.5 (41.51 785 78.55 41. (41.5 78.5 (41. 78. (41 (4 (

RESUMO: Devido ao seu caráter rico em vitaminas, proteínas, elementos minerais e substâncias ativas, o valor altamente medicinal e econômico das sementes de feijão-mungo tem provado ser benéfico para o ser humano. A fim de identificar plenamente e utilizar de forma inovadora excelentes recursos de Germoplasma para a produção de feijão-mungo e reprodução de qualidade, o nível de diversidade genética do oito caracteres fenotípicos de sementes de 302 recursos de germoplasma de feijão-mungo foram avaliados de forma abrangente por meio de análise de diversidade, análise de correlação, análise de componentes principais (PCA) e análise de agrupamento. Os resultados mostraram a diversidade genética de oito características fenotípicas de sementes de 302 recursos de germoplasma de feijão-mungo com um Índice de diversidade Shannon variando de 0,25 a 2,09. A análise de correlação mostrou que o peso de 100 sementes apresentou correlações extremamente positivas com tamanho, comprimento, largura e espessura de sementes. A PCA das características fenotípicas das sementes mostrou que a taxa de contribuição cumulativa dos três primeiros componentes principais foi de 78,551%, sendo estes componentes principais a largura da semente, brilho do revestimento e cor da semente. Os 302 recursos de germoplasma de feijão-mungo foram divididos em oito grupos por análise de agrupamento. Foram selecionados 140 recursos de germoplasma com sementes grandes dos grupos I e II, dos quais nove recursos de germoplasma do grupo II provavelmente seriam variedades de alto rendimento. De forma geral, este estudo não só indicou variação suficiente entre os recursos de germoplasma estudados, como também forneceu uma base teórica para a seleção, utilização e melhoramento híbrido dos recursos de germoplasma de feijão-mungo. RESUMO vitaminas proteínas ativas feijãomungo feijão mungo humano qualidade 30 (PCA agrupamento 025 0 25 0,2 209 2 09 2,09 10 tamanho comprimento 78551 78 551 78,551% semente 14 rendimento geral estudados seleção feijãomungo. mungo. 3 02 0, 20 2,0 1 7855 7 55 78,551 2, 785 5 78,55 78,5 78,

Abstract Mung beans are a nutrient-dense dietary option since they are low in fat and high in fiber, protein, and vitamins. Estimating the amount of pod shells is important because it gives information about the amount of seeds contained in the pods and indirectly about the yield. The study aimed to predict the pod shell rate of mung bean genotypes and cultivars in pod and seed sizes by using curving fitting and artificial neural networks. The produced equation for predicting of shell weight rate of the genotypes and varieties was formulized as SWR = (-1.349e-13) + (0.999 x TW) + (0.999 x SIW) + (1.416e-18 x TW2) - [1.908e-17 x (TW x SIW)] where SWR is shell weight rate, TW is total weight, and SIW is seed internal weight. On the other hand, this research discusses the use of an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the shell rate of legumes based on various input parameters such as pod length, pod width, pod thickness, seed length, seed width, and seed thickness. The R2 values obtained from the ANN analysis indicate that the model predicts shell rate with 87% accuracy. nutrientdense nutrient dense fiber protein vitamins yield networks 1.349e13 1349e13 e 1.349e 13 1 349e (-1.349e-13 0.999 0999 0 999 (0.99 1.416e18 1416e18 1.416e 18 416e (1.416e-1 TW2 1.908e17 1908e17 1.908e 17 908e [1.908e-1 hand (ANN length width thickness R 87 accuracy 349e13 1.349e1 1349e1 1349e (-1.349e-1 0.99 099 99 (0.9 416e18 1.416e1 1416e1 1416e (1.416e- 908e17 1.908e1 1908e1 1908e [1.908e- 8 349e1 (-1.349e- 0.9 09 9 (0. 416e1 (1.416e 908e1 [1.908e (-1.349e 0. (0 (

ABSTRACT Implementing sustainable practices for using agricultural waste is urgent in the face of the challenges of climate change. This study aimed to investigate the application of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) derived from soybean hulls as a bioinput in the seed coat of beans. CMC was obtained after bleaching the pulp, alkalizing and etherifying it varying the chloroacetic acid concentration and the reaction time. The properties of CMC were compared to those of soybean hulls and bleached pulp. The CMC with the highest degree of substitution (DS) was chosen as bioinput. In addition to the control treatment, concentrations of 1%, 2%, and 3% CMC were used for coating, and the impact on the physiological quality of seeds was evaluated. CMC proved suitable as a coating agent for seeds, with a DS of 1.56 obtained with 1.2 g chloroacetic acid per gram of bleached pulp during 192 min at 63 °C. The 2% CMC solution proved to be effective, resulting in 93%, 94%, and 43.5% of germinated seeds at 5 days, 8 days, and after accelerated aging, respectively. Seedlings reached 34.2 cm in length and a dry mass of 0.05 g. Our results indicate that soybean hulls can be successfully used in the production of CMC as a coating material, improving the physiological quality of bean seeds and contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices. change (CMC beans time (DS treatment 1 1% 2 3 evaluated 156 56 1.5 12 1. 19 6 C °C effective 93 93% 94 94% 435 43 43.5 days aging respectively 342 34 34. 005 0 05 0.0 material 15 9 4 43. 00 0.

RESUMO Este estudo aborda a necessidade de adoção de práticas sustentáveis de aproveitamento de resíduos agrícolas diante dos desafios das mudanças climáticas. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a aplicação da carboximetilcelulose (CMC) obtida a partir da casca de soja como bioinsumo no revestimento de sementes de feijão. A CMC foi obtida após o branqueamento da polpa, alcalinização e eterificação, variando o ácido cloroacético e o tempo de reação. Compararam-se as propriedades da CMC com as da casca de soja e da polpa branqueada. A CMC com maior grau de substituição (GS) foi escolhida como bioinsumo. Além do tratamento controle, foram avaliadas as concentrações de 1%, 2% e 3% de CMC para o recobrimento, impactando na qualidade fisiológica das sementes. A CMC revelou-se adequada como agente de recobrimento para as sementes, com um GS de 1,56, obtido com 1,2 g de ácido cloroacético por grama de polpa branqueada, durante 192 minutos a 63 °C. A solução de 2% de CMC mostrou-se eficaz, resultando em mais de 94% de germinação aos 8 dias, 93% na primeira contagem de sementes germinadas (5° dia), 43,5% após o envelhecimento acelerado, e crescimento de plântulas de 34,2 cm de comprimento e massa seca de 0,05 g. Os resultados indicam que a casca de soja tem potencial para utilização na produção de CMC, que pode ser aplicada como recobrimento, melhorando a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de feijão e contribuindo para práticas agrícolas mais sustentáveis. climáticas (CMC eterificação reação Compararamse Compararam se branqueada (GS controle 1 1% 2 3 revelouse revelou 156 56 1,56 12 1, 19 6 C °C mostrouse mostrou eficaz 94 dias 93 5° 5 (5 dia, dia , dia) 435 43 43,5 acelerado 342 34 34, 005 0 05 0,0 15 1,5 9 ( 4 43, 00 0,