ABSTRACT In an Amazonian floodplain scenario with river flows, the study analyzes the articulation of Primary Care with Specialized Care, seeking to discuss the political and geographical conditions that impact on the formation of the care network in a health region in the Western Amazon. A combination of methodological strategies was adopted: survey of morbidity indicators and the health network, mapping of intercity routes, survey of expenses in Public Health Actions and Services and interviews with managers. Tefé concentrates banking services, judiciary branch, education and security bodies that give it a centrality of functions. However, health does not consider existing flows in the territory to define which municipalities have Tefé as a health reference. Outdated data in the health information systems, combined with the absence of the state government in the regional health planning, support to provide specialized professionals, payment for supplies and the organization of referral-counter-referral flow in the network have been challenges for integrality of the attention in the region, overloading the hub municipality. Despite the progressive increase in health expenses in the analyzed municipalities, the provision of services beyond Primary Care remains a challenge for the Unified Health System (SUS) in the Amazon. Amazon adopted routes managers branch functions However reference systems planning professionals referralcounterreferral referral counter municipality SUS (SUS

RESUMO Em um cenário de várzea amazônica com fluxos fluviais, o estudo analisa a articulação da Atenção Básica com a Atenção Especializada, buscando discutir as condições políticas e geográficas que impactam na conformação da rede assistencial em uma região de saúde na Amazônia Ocidental. Adotouse uma combinação de estratégias metodológicas: levantamento de indicadores de morbidade e da rede de saúde, mapeamento dos trajetos intermunicipais, levantamento de despesas em Ações e Serviços Públicos de Saúde e entrevistas com gestores. O município de Tefé concentra serviços bancários, poder judiciário, educacional, órgãos de controle e segurança que lhe conferem uma centralidade de funções. Contudo, a saúde não considera os fluxos existentes no território para definição de quais municípios têm Tefé como referência. A defasagem dos dados nos sistemas de informação em saúde, aliada a ausência do ente estadual no planejamento regional de saúde, apoio para provimento de profissionais especializados, pagamento de insumos e organização do fluxo de referência-contrarreferência na rede têm sido desafios para planejar integralidade da atenção na região, sobrecarregando o município-polo. Apesar do aumento progressivo de despesas em saúde nos municípios analisados, a oferta de serviço para além da Atenção Básica permanece sendo um desafio para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na Amazônia. fluviais Especializada Ocidental metodológicas intermunicipais gestores bancários judiciário educacional funções Contudo referência especializados referênciacontrarreferência contrarreferência municípiopolo. municípiopolo polo. polo município-polo analisados SUS (SUS

Abstract This article discusses the results of the research project Labor reform in Brazil and consequences for women , developed in 2019 and 2020 and funded by the Latin American Council of Social Sciences, which used data on the labor market, collective agreements and interviews with union members and workers from the metallurgical, chemical, toys and musical instruments, clothing, banking, commerce and services, health, education economic sectors and domestic work. It hypothesized that by disregarding gender inequalities in the labor market, the reform would affect women more intensely — which was confirmed. Results showed that impacts of the reform intertwined with those of the pandemic causing job insecurity, precarization and intensification. The study thus reveals the dramatic impacts of labor reform and the pandemic on women, focusing the debate on the crisis of care and social reproduction under neoliberalism and highlighting how it is deepening with the intersection of reform and the pandemic, further hindering social reproduction. 201 202 Sciences market metallurgical chemical instruments clothing banking services health work confirmed insecurity intensification 20 2

Resumo Este artigo discute os resultados da pesquisa Reforma Trabalhista no Brasil e implicações sobre as mulheres , realizada em 2019 e 2020 sob os auspícios do Conselho Latino-Americano de Ciências Sociais, a qual envolveu utilização de dados sobre mercado de trabalho, negociações coletivas e entrevistas com sindicalistas e trabalhadores(as) dos setores metalúrgico, químico, de brinquedos e instrumentos musicais e de confecção, bancário, comércio e serviços, setor de saúde, educação e trabalho doméstico. A pesquisa se baseou na hipótese de que, ao não levar em conta as desigualdades de gênero no mercado de trabalho, a reforma afetaria mais profundamente as mulheres. Essa hipótese foi confirmada pela investigação, que acabou evidenciando que os impactos da reforma se entrecruzam com os da pandemia, provocando desproteção, degradação e intensificação laboral. O texto revela, assim, os impactos dramáticos da reforma trabalhista e da pandemia sobre as mulheres, centrando o debate na crise dos cuidados e da reprodução social sob o neoliberalismo e evidenciando como ela se aprofunda com o entrecruzamento da reforma e da pandemia, tornando a reprodução social ainda mais difícil. 201 202 LatinoAmericano Latino Americano Sociais trabalhadoresas trabalhadores trabalhadores(as metalúrgico químico confecção bancário serviços saúde doméstico investigação desproteção laboral revela assim difícil 20 2

BACKGROUND: The banking sector provides online banking to offer their customers convenient and easy access to banking services. As most banking services are nowadays performed online, alarming fraudulent activities occur daily. The online banking frauds are increasingly and commonly being experienced globally and are damaging to both banks and customers. OBJECTIVES: The goal of the study was to investigate issues in online fraud detection in the banking sector from South Africa and Spain. METHOD: The study followed the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology. Data were collected through the qualitative approach particularly using focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The study followed non-probability sampling since it focussed on a specialised area of online fraud model. In total, the population size consisted of 17 participants, which included fraud technical managers, fraud investigator specialists, fraud technical specialists and data scientists RESULTS: In the South African context, the study established that there is a lack of online fraud experts in the banking sector. The findings reveal that the lack of online fraud expertise may lead to banks having weak detection systems. In the Spanish perspective, the study revealed that there is a lack of law regulation that poses a high risk. CONCLUSION: Given the lack of online fraud experts in the banking sector, banks are urged to acquire and develop online fraud expertise. Online banking technology is developing expeditiously than traditional transactions; therefore, regulations and policies need to be updated regularly to keep up with rapidly evolving technological changes. CONTRIBUTION: Considering the significance of global online banking, the study suggested areas that the banking sector may investigate to develop and enhance online fraud detection models to combat online fraudulent activities.

RESUMO Em um cenário de várzea amazônica com fluxos fluviais, o estudo analisa a articulação da Atenção Básica com a Atenção Especializada, buscando discutir as condições políticas e geográficas que impactam na conformação da rede assistencial em uma região de saúde na Amazônia Ocidental. Adotouse uma combinação de estratégias metodológicas: levantamento de indicadores de morbidade e da rede de saúde, mapeamento dos trajetos intermunicipais, levantamento de despesas em Ações e Serviços Públicos de Saúde e entrevistas com gestores. O município de Tefé concentra serviços bancários, poder judiciário, educacional, órgãos de controle e segurança que lhe conferem uma centralidade de funções. Contudo, a saúde não considera os fluxos existentes no território para definição de quais municípios têm Tefé como referência. A defasagem dos dados nos sistemas de informação em saúde, aliada a ausência do ente estadual no planejamento regional de saúde, apoio para provimento de profissionais especializados, pagamento de insumos e organização do fluxo de referência-contrarreferência na rede têm sido desafios para planejar integralidade da atenção na região, sobrecarregando o município-polo. Apesar do aumento progressivo de despesas em saúde nos municípios analisados, a oferta de serviço para além da Atenção Básica permanece sendo um desafio para o Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na Amazônia.

ABSTRACT In an Amazonian floodplain scenario with river flows, the study analyzes the articulation of Primary Care with Specialized Care, seeking to discuss the political and geographical conditions that impact on the formation of the care network in a health region in the Western Amazon. A combination of methodological strategies was adopted: survey of morbidity indicators and the health network, mapping of intercity routes, survey of expenses in Public Health Actions and Services and interviews with managers. Tefé concentrates banking services, judiciary branch, education and security bodies that give it a centrality of functions. However, health does not consider existing flows in the territory to define which municipalities have Tefé as a health reference. Outdated data in the health information systems, combined with the absence of the state government in the regional health planning, support to provide specialized professionals, payment for supplies and the organization of referral-counter-referral flow in the network have been challenges for integrality of the attention in the region, overloading the hub municipality. Despite the progressive increase in health expenses in the analyzed municipalities, the provision of services beyond Primary Care remains a challenge for the Unified Health System (SUS) in the Amazon.

The study investigates the impacts of the cashless policy on churches in Enugu, Nigeria and was carried out between January 2023 and May 2023 when the cashless policy was newly implemented in Nigeria. Through the purposive selection method, the researcher obtained informed consent to analyse the views of 91 informants (church leaders, members and paid workers) drawn from various churches within Enugu. The data obtained from journal articles, online materials and interviews were interpreted using descriptive analysis. The study discovers that the cashless policy affected many churches in terms of low attendance to services, low income and late coming to services. Again, many churches have adjusted to the demands of the policy by providing other means of financial transactions and educating their members on basic information about the cashless policy. It recommends that more members of various churches should co-operate with their church leaders in their efforts to resort to digital means of financial transactions. CONTRIBUTION: The cashless policy affected many churches in terms of low attendance to services, low income and late coming to services. Many church leaders have adjusted to the demands of the policy by providing various means of online financial transactions; however, some members from various churches are yet to embrace the innovation.

PURPOSE: This study was conceptualised to investigate the relationships of invasiveness, privacy concerns, perceived usefulness and the adoption of mobile marketing technology by millennial banking customers in an emerging market economy DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This was a quantitative study that targeted millennial banking service customers from an emerging market environment. The non-probability sampling approach was used, and the data were collected via a survey questionnaire. For data analysis, SPSS and SmartPLS Structural equation modeling were used FINDINGS/RESULTS: The results confirmed a direct relationship between privacy, invasiveness and usefulness perception. It also confirmed a direct relationship between perceived usefulness and the intention to accept mobile-marketed banking services. In addition, the results also showed that in addition to the direct impact of perceived usefulness on intention to adopt mobile marketing usage for banking services, it acts as a mediator variable PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Academics can pursue a qualitative study to unpack the reasons for sensitivity around banking technology in emerging markets. The study should lead to better understanding of both the investigated market and others like it. Organisations will gain valuable insight for informed investment in such markets ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The article is the first empirical investigation into the adoption of mobile-marketed banking services by millennials in a developing economy context. The study adds a valuable component to academic debates by using two independent theories to gain a holistic view of the performance of advanced technology in banking business. The study adds to the literature by also proving the mediation role of perceived technology usefulness in banking

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present a model that connects predictors of customer satisfaction considering Service Domain-Logic assumption and convenience and quality of service as sources that were identified as relevant aspects for customer satisfaction related to financial services. Design/methodology/approach: Survey of a sample of six hundred and eight respondents was obtained. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis to test research hypotheses. Findings: The predictive effects of convenience, economic value, and quality of service have proved to be significant for customer satisfaction. Perceived service quality was identified as a mediator of the relationship between convenience and customer satisfaction. Research limitations: This sample may have caused a few biases in the results, because it was selected by convenience. Practical implications: The findings have implications for organizations since they demonstrate that improving service value is a means of increasing customer satisfaction. To ensure that the customer finds the interaction with the banking service to be appealing and to offer valuable benefits, the banking service should therefore allow for customer participation to increase the perception of economic value and, more importantly, to facilitate the dissemination of information Originality/Value - This study brings results that show that customer participation impacts positively on the perception of economic value, but it is not the key for customer satisfaction in financial services. This result proves that the effects of customer participation are more complex than others before mentioned. Purpose DomainLogic Domain Logic services Design/methodology/approach Designmethodologyapproach Design methodology approach obtained hypotheses Findings limitations benefits importantly OriginalityValue Originality Value mentioned

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um modelo vinculando preditores da satisfação do cliente considerando as premissas da Service Domain-Logic e os antecedentes conveniência e qualidade do serviço, que foram identificados como aspectos relevantes na busca da satisfação dos clientes com serviços financeiros utilizados. Metodologia: Realizou-se um survey com uma amostra de seiscentos e oito respondentes. Para testar hipóteses de pesquisa na análise de dados, utilizou-se a modelagem de equações estruturais. Resultados: Os efeitos preditivos de conveniência, valor econômico e qualidade do serviço provaram ser significativos para a satisfação do cliente. A qualidade percebida do serviço foi identificada como um mediador da relação entre conveniência e satisfação do cliente. Implicações práticas: Os resultados têm implicações gerenciais, pois demonstram que melhorar o valor do serviço é um meio de aumentar a satisfação do cliente. Para garantir que o cliente considera a interação com o serviço bancário atraente e que oferece benefícios valiosos, o serviço bancário deve, portanto, permitir a participação do cliente para aumentar a percepção do valor econômico e, mais importante, facilitar a disseminação de informações. Limitações: A amostra pode ter causado alguns vieses nos resultados, pois foi selecionada por conveniência. Originalidade: Este estudo traz resultados que mostram que a participação do cliente impacta positivamente na percepção de valor econômico, mas não é a chave para a satisfação do cliente em serviços financeiros. Este resultado prova que os efeitos da participação do cliente são mais complexos do que outros mencionados anteriormente. Objetivo DomainLogic Domain Logic utilizados Metodologia Realizouse Realizou se respondentes dados utilizouse utilizou estruturais Resultados práticas gerenciais valiosos deve portanto importante informações Limitações Originalidade anteriormente

ABSTRACT Private banking is one of the most profitable services offered by financial institutions in Brazil. In this service, a client should consider the suitability of a range of banking product, during his or her life based on dynamic objectives. It is a very complex service that involves regulation from governmental agencies, financial institutions’ interests, and clients’ objectives. It is not uncommon for these aspects to be conflicting, hindering the decision-making process and leading to unwanted decisions. This paper describes the development of a decision support system (DSS) for private banking, called OptPrivate, that integrates the suitability assessment with the portfolio selection, enabling the investor to choose a portfolio based on several and conflicting objectives. The DSS considers the investment selection problem in two interconnected subproblems: suitability and capital allocation. In the former, the DSS is based on an integrated modeling approach that considers legal aspects and investors’ preferences throughout a fuzzy multiple-attribute decision-making approach (MADM), called FTOPSIS-Class. In the latter, a fuzzy multi-objective optimization model uses the sorting results from the previous step to define a portfolio, simultaneously considering risk, return, and the investor’s profile. To facilitate the DSS application, linguistic variables are used in several aspects of the decision-making process, including risk exposure. The DSS was validated using field tests at a well-respected private bank in Brazil. The DSS recommends more suitable portfolios, in line with the investor’s profile, with greater profitability and less volatility than those recommended by the financial analysts for all test cases. Brazil product objectives agencies interests clients decisionmaking making decisions (DSS OptPrivate subproblems allocation former investors multipleattribute multiple attribute MADM, MADM , (MADM) FTOPSISClass. FTOPSISClass FTOPSIS Class. Class FTOPSIS-Class latter multiobjective multi objective return s profile application exposure wellrespected well respected portfolios cases (MADM

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Brand identity and image research in the services sectors are underdeveloped. This study examines the constructs through the lens of service-dominant factors. Their synchronisation is particularly crucial in services as brand identity clarification serves as a point of difference. This study examined brand identity-image (in)congruence in the South African banking sector. Furthermore, as conceptual ambiguities and overlaps in current brand management approaches hinder the development of the corpus, we consolidate the schools of thought within a coherent framework DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: An interpretivist exploratory qualitative research design was adopted. In-depth interviews were conducted with marketing executives who were instrumental in brand strategy formulation to extrapolate banks' brand identities. To infer brand image for comparative purposes, in-depth interviews were conducted with banks' clients in the law firm sector FINDINGS: The study presents evidence of brand identity-image incongruence in South African banks. We submit a new framework that may be a panacea to fragmented bank brand identities RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: This study provides new insights into extant brand identity theories through reconfiguring overlapping brand management schools MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: The study attempts to minimise the apparent brand management science-practice/industry gap specifically on brand identity and image constructs. We suggest an agile approach to how professional services can build coherent brands JEL CLASSIFICATION: G21; M14; M31

BACKGROUND: In today's fast-paced society, technologies have evolved to provide services that are convenient and benefit both the customer and service provider; these include mobile banking (m-banking). University students are a big segment of the future income earners and adopters of technology; thus, it is imperative for them to adopt and become regular m-banking users as this will impact the revenue of banking institutions PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The aim of this research was to develop a trust framework to improve the adoption of mobile banking by university students DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The study adopted a positivist approach utilising the quantitative methodology to survey a sample of 471 university students FINDINGS: The findings show the existence of a positive and significant relationship between several factors, such as perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and perceived risk, when investigating trust and its influences on m-banking adoption amongst university students RECOMMENDATIONS/VALUE: Based on these findings, the study recommends that banks should consider the above-mentioned factors in order to improve trust and increase m-banking adoption among university students MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: In addressing the reasons why university students do not adopt mobile banking, the study encourages continued efforts to promote m-banking amongst university students to include them in the banking sector and become financially inclusive JEL CLASSIFICATION: G20

ORIENTATION: Problematic loans expose commercial banks to great risk. South African and Namibian banks are highly regulated and require a higher capital adequacy ratio to shield the banking system from default risk. However, such intense regulation distorts the cost of capital and denies equal access to many previously disadvantaged members of society previously excluded from banking services. Highly regulated banking therefore holds major implications for the country's growth prospects. RESEARCH PURPOSE: This theoretical paper examines the South African and Namibian banking systems, to understand the challenges in managing risk and creating greater stakeholder value. As the forerunner to an empirical investigation, it intended to understand scholarly views on sustainable banking practices and financial exclusion. MOTIVATION FOR THE STUDY: Borrowing from the fields of strategic management and business psychology, this study unpacks the human role in executing sustainable banking practices. RESEARCH DESIGN, APPROACH AND METHOD: Theoretical, abstract research, analysing recent research, was conducted to uncover current banking research trends in South Africa and Namibia. MAIN FINDINGS: Value creation, rather than compliance, should be prioritised, to achieve sustainable lending, risk management and inclusivity PRACTICAL/MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS: Policy makers in the South African and Namibian financial services sectors may benefit from this theoretical research and use it to improve their ability to strike a balance between sustainable banking, increasing access to banking for the previously unbanked, and meeting regulator needs. CONTRIBUTION/VALUE-ADD: This study makes a theoretical contribution to the body of knowledge on sustainable banking, which is an emerging field globally.

Abstract: Colombia does not yet have an Open banking regulatory model; However, with Law 1955 of 2019, the National Government was empowered to create a regulatory sandbox -for a term of two years- that would allow evaluating and measuring the behavior of the markets and the level of financial innovation in the country, before adopting a definitive model. In use of the powers given by the legislator, Decree 1234 of 2020 was issued, in which the objectives, requirements and stages of operation of the controlled test space were generally set, as a tool to promote innovation in the provision of financial services and make it easier for supervisory and regulatory authorities to identify new financial developments. In this scenario, this article argues that, although the open banking rules in force in Colombia are transitory, the regulator cannot forget when defining the regulatory model that it will adopt that the main risks of its implementation lie in ensuring compliance with the rules regarding the protection of the rights to personal privacy, habeas data and personal data. In this sense, it is necessary to complement the personal data protection regime to fill some gaps related to the quality and responsibility of the financial and non-financial agents that participate in this new form of financial innovation.

Resumen: Colombia aun no cuenta con un modelo regulatorio de Open Banking; sin embargo, con la Ley 1955 de 2019 se facultó al Gobierno Nacional para crear un regulatory sandbox -por el término de dos años- que permitiera evaluar y medir el comportamiento de los mercados y el nivel de innovación financiera del país, antes de adoptar un modelo definitivo. En uso de las facultadas dadas por el legislador se expidió el Decreto 1234 de 2020, en el que se fijaron de manera general los objetivos, requisitos y etapas de funcionamiento del espacio controlado de prueba, como una herramienta para promover la innovación en la prestación de los servicios financieros y facilitar a las autoridades de supervisión y regulación la identificación de nuevos desarrollos financieros. En este escenario el presente artículo argumenta que, si bien las reglas vigentes en Colombia de Open Banking son transitorias, el regulador no puede olvidar al momento de definir el modelo regulatorio que adoptará que los principales riesgos de su implementación se encuentran en asegurar el cumplimiento de las normas relativas a la protección de los derechos a la intimidad personal, habeas data y datos personales. En ese sentido, se requiere complementar el régimen de protección de datos personales para llenar algunos vacíos relacionados con la calidad y responsabilidad de los agentes financieros y no financieros que participan en esta nueva forma de innovación financiera.

RESUMO Adesões à livre admissão de membros e incorporações são transformações na estrutura de propriedade comuns no cooperativismo de crédito brasileiro. Sob a lógica de que são motivadas pelas expectativas de membros e diretores, este trabalho associou essas transformações às taxas de serviços bancários operacionalizadas pelas cooperativas. Modelos logit ordenado e multinomial foram utilizados para investigar se spreads bancários anormais positivos, refletindo taxas pouco vantajosas aos membros e benefícios privados obtidos pelos diretores, aumentam a probabilidade de transformação e de adesão à livre admissão. Os resultados apontam que as expectativas de membros e diretores foram tão determinantes à transformação quanto o porte e o desempenho da cooperativa. As evidências reforçam que, sob expectativas de ganhos, membros e diretores têm controle ativo na decisão de transformação da estrutura de propriedade nas cooperativas de crédito, sugerindo melhoria na governança corporativa e incentivo às incorporações para que o cooperativismo cresça beneficiando os membros.

ABSTRACT Open membership and mergers are common transformations in the ownership structure in Brazilian credit unions. Following the logic that they are motivated by the expectations of members and directors, this study associates these transformations with the banking services rates offered by credit unions. We employ ordered and multinomial logit models to investigate whether abnormal positive bank spreads-reflecting rates that could offer few advantages to members and large private benefits to directors-increase the probability of transformation. Our results indicate that the expectations of members and directors explain credit unions’ transformation, as seen in size and performance. The evidence reinforces that, under expectations of gains, members and directors play an active role in the decision to transform the ownership structure of credit unions, suggesting improvements in the corporate governance and incentives for mergers so that credit unions can grow to benefit members.

Resumen: Este artículo estudia la relación entre la estructura financiera y el crecimiento económico de México durante el periodo 1980-2014. La literatura identifica dos tipos de estructura financiera: bank-based y stock-market-based. En la primera, la banca comercial impacta positivamente la actividad económica y, en la segunda, el mercado bursátil influye en el desempeño de la economía. Una tercera visión considera que toda la actividad financiera (bancos, mercado bursátil y otras instituciones financieras) influye en el crecimiento. Estas hipótesis se evalúan mediante modelos de vectores de corrección de errores (VEC). Los hallazgos empíricos sugieren que, considerando la liquidez del sistema financiero, la actividad bursátil predominó durante todo el periodo de estudio; pero al considerar el tamaño del sistema financiero, prevaleció la actividad bancaria. También se muestra que el incremento de la liquidez del sistema financiero elevó el crecimiento económico, pero el incremento del tamaño del sistema financiero disminuyó el PIB per cápita en el periodo 1980-2014. Y el análisis dinámico de corto plazo revela que si la estructura financiera se hiciera más bursátil el efecto en el crecimiento económico sería positivo. Clasificación JEL: O16, G10, G20.

Abstract: This paper studies the relationship between the financial structure and the economic growth of Mexico during 1980-2014. The literature identifies two types of financial structure: bank-based and stock-market-based. In the first, commercial banking positively impacts economic activity, while in the second, the stock market influences the performance of the economy. A third view considers that all financial activity (banks, stock market and other financial institutions) influences growth. These hypotheses are assessed by using a VEC model. The empirical findings suggest that, considering the liquidity of the financial system, stock market activity predominates throughout the study period; but when we take the size of the financial system, banking activity prevails. We also show that increasing financial system liquidity had a positive effect on economic growth, although increasing the size of the financial system decreased the GDP per capita over the period 1980-2014. Moreover, the short-term dynamic analysis reveals that if the financial structure became more marketed-oriented, the effect on economic growth would be positive.

Résumé: Cet article étudie la relation entre la structure financière et la croissance économique du Mexique au cours de la période 1980-2014. La littérature identifie deux types de structure financière: bank-based et stock-market-based. Dans le premier cas, les services bancaires commerciaux ont un impact positif sur l’activité économique et, dans le second, le marché boursier influence la performance de l’économie. Un troisième point de vue considère que toutes les activités financières (banques, marchés boursiers et autres institutions financières) influencent la croissance. Ces hypothèses sont évaluées à l’aide de modèles vectoriels de correction d’erreur (VEC). Les résultats empiriques suggèrent que, compte tenu de la liquidité du système financier, l’activité boursière a prédominé tout au long de la période à l’étude; mais si l’on considère la taille du système financier, l’activité bancaire prévaut. Il montre également que l’augmentation de la liquidité du système financier a augmenté la croissance économique, mais l’augmentation de la taille du système financier a diminué le PIB par habitant au cours de la période 1980-2014. Et l’analyse dynamique à court terme révèle que si la structure financière devenait plus boursière, l’effet sur la croissance économique serait positif.

This study is based on the objective conditions of Islamic banking in Indonesia, which have not carried out their social functions optimally. Based on reports from the financial services authority, Indonesia bank and several related research, the efforts to optimise the social function of Islamic banking still encounters several problems related to the distribution of banking funds that are more focused on business interests, lack of real business run by Islamic banks, customer funds that are mostly deposited in Indonesia bank and have not been distributed to the real sector effectively, to banking activities by referring to the capitalistic economic paradigm and not fully referring to sharia guidelines. The results of the study of documents, literature and actual phenomena using descriptive and holistic analysis methods indicate that the degradation of the social function of Islamic banking appears as a result of a lack of understanding of the concept of Islamic economics based on the construction of Islamic social theology. The lack of understanding of banking management towards Islamic social theology has created a gap between the practical and conceptual sides of Islamic social theology, which in turn has an impact on the lack of social commitment from related parties in the implementation of Islamic banking activities. Strengthening the practical side of Islamic social theology is a necessity to overcome the existing problems. CONTRIBUTION: The article contributes to the discourse on the application of Islamic social theology to Islamic banking practices. It aims to contribute to theological thought in Islam in order to strengthen the social function of Islamic banking, by focusing on the main objective of Islamic economics: al-falah or the achievement of spiritual and material prosperity