The species Oryza sativa (rice) and Musa cavendishii (banana) are sources of cellulose-rich waste biomass in the Amazon region, Tocantins State. This research investigates the nanoscale production of cellulose through the interactions between three choline amino acid ionic liquids Ch[AA]IL and the respective fibers by pretreatment. To this end, the synthesis of three ILs was carried out: choline arginate Ch[Arg], choline glycinate Ch[Gly] and choline lysinate Ch[Lys], characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The samples resulting from the pretreatment were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). It was possible to infer from the SEM micrographs that Ch[Arg] caused greater fiber breakage than the other ILs. The TEM analyses identified fibers up to 16 nm in diameter. Positive effects were observed in the diffractograms, although no crystallinity was obtained in the pretreated samples. Thermogravimetry curves showed that the fibers treated with Ch[Arg] showed higher thermal stability. rice (rice banana (banana celluloserich rich region State ChAAIL Ch AA IL end out ChArg, ChArg Arg , ChGly Gly Ch[Gly ChLys, ChLys Lys Ch[Lys] FTIR. FTIR . (FTIR) SEM, (SEM) TEM, (TEM) Xray X ray XRD (XRD TGA. TGA (TGA) Ch[Arg 1 diameter diffractograms stability Ch[Lys (FTIR (SEM (TEM (TGA

ABSTRACT: In Peru, the plantain or banana is the most important cultivated fruit. In Tumbes 5,000 hectares are cultivated, part of these areas is found in the Zarumilla valley. One of the phytosanitary problems is the black sigatoka (Micosphaerella fijiensis Morelet), which decreases the leaf area of the plantations, with effects on yields. The objective was to evaluate the effect of three doses of Silicon on the yield and control parameters of the aforementioned disease in Musa spp., under field conditions, in said valley. The experimental design used was completely randomized blocks (BCA). According to the studies carried out, it was concluded that, in the performance parameters, silicon did not show an effect on the circumference of the pseudostem, leaf area, the number of hands per bunch and bunch weight, but there were effects on the number of leaves. at the time of flowering, at the time of harvest and in the weight of banana fingers. Regarding the effect of silicon in the control of "black sigatoka", it was possible to reduce the damage index by 17.66% in the S3 treatment (150 kg/ha) in comparison with the control (0 kg/ha) that was obtained 28.22%.

RESUMEN: En el Perú, el plátano o banano, es la fruta cultivada más importante. En Tumbes se cultivan 4 800 hectáreas, parte de esas áreas se encuentran en el valle de Zarumilla. Uno de los problemas fitosanitarios, es la sigatoka negra (Micosphaerella fijiensis Morelet), que disminuye el área foliar de las plantaciones, con efectos sobre los rendimientos. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de tres dosis de Silicio en los parámetros de rendimiento y control de la citada enfermedad en Musa spp., bajo condiciones de campo en dicho valle. El diseño experimental empleado fue bloques completamente al azar (BCA). De acuerdo con los estudios realizados se concluyó que, en los parámetros de rendimiento, el silicio no presentó efecto en la circunferencia del pseudotallo, área foliar, el número de manos por racimo y peso del racimo, pero si hubo efectos en el número de hojas al momento de la floración, al momento de la cosecha y en el peso de dedos del banano. En cuanto al efecto del silicio en el control de “sigatoka negra” se logró disminuir el índice de daño en un 17,66% en el tratamiento S3 (150 kg/ha) en comparación con el testigo (0 kg/ha) que se obtuvo 28,22%.

ABSTRACT: Piura is the region with the largest organic banana production in Peru; however, the post-harvest disease crown rot has generated large economic losses. Therefore, the following objectives were raised: to evaluate the efficacy of biofungicides in vitro and in vivo for the control of this disease. The products used were: oregano extract, citric acid; ascorbic acid, bioflavonoids; biofertilizer and tea tree oil. In vitro, the "poisoned medium" method was used. In vivo, fruits were inoculated with conidial suspensions at 1 x 104 CFU ml-1 of the phytopathogens Thielaviopsis paradoxa and Colletotrichum musae. The biofungicides were prepared according to the commercial dose. The products were applied, and the fungi were inoculated with manual sprayers. The banana clusters with treatment were placed in 18,4 kg cardboard boxes and packed, incubating at 13 °C for 18 days and 4 days in a maturation chamber with ethylene gas. In vitro, the biofungicides: oregano extract (1450 ppm) and citric acid (2825 ppm) obtained 100% inhibition in the growth of the mycelium of T. paradoxa and C. musae. In fruits, the lowest severity index was for the citrus extract biofungicide (4275 ppm), registering 0,0% against T. paradoxa and C. musae.

RESUMEN: Piura es la región con mayor producción de banano orgánico en el Perú; sin embargo, la enfermedad post cosecha de la pudrición de la corona ha generado grandes pérdidas económicas. Por lo cual, se planteó los siguientes objetivos: evaluar la eficacia de biofungicidas in vitro e in vivo para el control de esta enfermedad. Los productos usados fueron: extracto de orégano, ácido cítrico; ácido ascórbico, bioflavonoides; biofertilizante y aceite del árbol de té. In vitro se utilizó el método del “medio envenenado”. In vivo, se inocularon a frutos con suspensiones de conidias a 1 x 104 UFC mL-1 de los fitopatógenos Thielaviopsis paradoxa y Colletotrichum musae. Se prepararon los biofungicidas según la dosis comercial. Se aplicaron los productos y se inocularon los hongos con asperjadores manuales. Los clústeres de banano con tratamiento se embalaron en cajas de cartón de 18,4 kg y fueron embaladas incubándose a 13 °C durante 18 días y 4 días en cámara de maduración con gas etileno. En in vitro los biofungicidas: extracto de orégano (1450 ppm) y ácido cítrico (2825 ppm) obtuvieron 100% inhibición en el crecimiento del micelio de T. paradoxa y C. musae. En in vivo los frutos el menor índice de severidad lo fue para el biofungicida extracto de cítricos (4275 ppm) registrándose 0,0% frente a T. paradoxa y C. musae.

ABSTRACT: Bananas have high nutrient needs, and farmers rely on chemical fertilizers that damage the soil. One of the solutions is the combination of organic fertilizers with chemical fertilizers in smaller amounts. In this context, the objective was to measure the development of a banana cultivar in different treatments of biochar plus fixed doses of SiO2, KNO3 and P2O5. Biochar (BC) was obtained from banana rhizomes at a temperature of 350 °C for 2 hours. In the experiment, 10 plants per treatment were evaluated, consisting of doses per plant of 100 g BC + 100 g SiO2, 20 g BC + 100 g SiO2 and 100 g SiO2 (control plot). These doses were applied in weeks one, eight and 16 of the experiment. The fertilizer dose for all treatments was 75 kg ha-1 KNO3 + 50 kg ha-1 P2O5, and which were applied 15 days prior to the biocarbon dose and during the sixth week of the experiment. The study showed that the 20 g biochar treatment was the most effective in terms of plant height and pseudostem circumference, surpassing the 100 g treatment and the control. The 100g biochar treatment also had the highest bunch weight compared to other treatments. In general, the biochar, silicon, and fertilizer treatments improved the physiological performance of the plants, suggesting their potential application in agriculture.

RESUMEN: El banano necesita muchos nutrientes, lo que lleva a los agricultores a depender de fertilizantes químicos que dañan el suelo. Una solución es combinar abonos orgánicos con fertilizantes químicos en menor cantidad. En este marco, el objetivo fue medir el desarrollo de un cultivar de banano en varios tratamientos de biocarbón más dosis fija de SiO2, KNO3 y P2O5. El biocarbón (BC) se obtuvo del raquis del banano a una temperatura de 350 °C por 2 horas. En el ensayo se evaluaron 10 plantas por tratamiento que se conformaron por dosis por planta de: 100 g de BC + 100 g SiO2, 20 g de BC + 100 g SiO2 y 100 g SiO2 (parcela testigo). Estas dosis se aplicaron en la semana uno, ocho y 14 del ensayo. La dosis de fertilizantes para todos los tratamientos se conformó de 75 kg ha-1 KNO3 + 50 kg ha-1 P2O5, y que se aplicaron 15 días antes que la dosis de biocarbon y en la semana seis del ensayo. El estudio demostró que el tratamiento con 20 g de biocarbón fue el más efectivo en términos de altura de la planta y circunferencia del pseudotallo, superando al tratamiento con 100 g y al control. Asimismo, el tratamiento con 100 g de biocarbón mostró el mayor peso de racimo en comparación con los otros tratamientos. Los tratamientos con biocarbón, silicio y fertilizantes tuvieron un efecto en las plantas de banano superior a la fertilización química, lo que sugiere su potencial aplicación en la agricultura.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate agronomic performance in cultivars of the Cavendish banana under the soil and climate conditions of the microregion of Assis in the state of São Paulo over three production cycles. The experiment was set up at the Fazenda São José Farm, Água do Pau d´Alho, in Palmital, São Paulo. The Grande Naine, IAC2001 and FHIA02 cultivars were evaluated, considering the following variables: cultivar; plant height; pseudostem perimeter; number of leaves at flowering and harvest; number of days from planting to flowering, from planting to harvest, and from flowering to harvest; weight of the bunch, stalk and fruit per bunch; number of hands per bunch; productivity of the fruit and pulp; weight and number of fingers on the second hand; weight, length and diameter of the finger; pulp diameter; and weight and thickness of the peel. The data were subjected to multivariate statistical techniques (principal component factor analysis, tree clustering, two-way joining, and correspondence). The results showed the extraction of three principal factors that accounted for 89.63% of the total variance of the characteristics under analysis: banana production (Factor 1), vegetative development (Factor 2), and cultivars and fruit diameter (Factor 3). The productive performance of the FHIA02 cultivar was homogeneous and inferior to that of the other cultivars, as seen in the two-way joining cluster analysis. Only the Grande Naine and IAC2001 cultivars are recommended for cultivation in the micro-region of Assis, São Paulo, with Grande Naine showing the largest fruit and, especially, the largest pulp diameter. cycles Farm dAlho d Alho d´Alho Palmital IAC IAC200 FHIA FHIA0 evaluated variables height perimeter harvest bunch hand finger peel analysis clustering twoway two way correspondence. correspondence . correspondence) 8963 89 63 89.63 Factor 1, 1 , 1) 2, 2 2) 3. 3 3) micro region especially IAC20 896 8 6 89.6 IAC2 89.

ABSTRACT: Vale do Ribeira is one of the largest banana producing regions in Brazil. However, information on soil fertility and nutrient status that could limit fruit production remains scarce. Thus, the present study diagnosed the most limiting nutrient parameters for the Nanica and Prata banana cultivars, in Vale do Ribeira, São Paulo State, based on soil and leaf chemical analyses. The data assessed included samples from commercial plantations in the municipalities of Eldorado, Cajati, Jacupiranga, Pariquera-açú, Registro and Sete Barras, between 2012 and 2020. The results of soil (pH, V, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and leaf chemical analyses (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) were interpreted according to literature values and their maximums, minimums, means, coefficients of variation (CV), and confidence intervals (CI) were calculated at P < 0.05. Parameter classes were assessed according to their frequency distribution. A large part of the samples exhibited pH and V values similar to those recommended for banana plants. Although, average soil nutrient concentrations were considered high, soil K, Mg and S levels did not provide adequate banana plant nutrition, since these nutrients were deficient in the plants. ABSTRACT Brazil However scarce Thus cultivars State Eldorado Cajati Jacupiranga Pariqueraaçú, Pariqueraaçú Pariquera açú, açú Pariquera-açú Barras 201 2020 pH, (pH K Ca B Cu Fe Zn N, N (N maximums minimums means CV, CV , (CV) CI (CI 005 0 05 0.05 distribution plants Although high nutrition 20 202 (CV 00 0.0 2 0.

RESUMO: O Vale do Ribeira é uma das maiores regiões produtoras de banana do Brasil. Contudo, ainda são escassas informações sobre a fertilidade do solo e o estado nutricional das plantas que possam limitar a produção da fruta na região. Deste modo, o presente trabalho objetivou diagnosticar os parâmetros nutricionais mais limitantes para as cultivares de bananeira, Nanica e Prata, no Vale do Ribeira - SP, a partir de laudos de análises químicas de solo e folha. Os dados avaliados compreenderam amostragens realizadas em pomares comerciais, nos municípios de Eldorado, Cajati, Jacupiranga, Pariquera-açú, Registro e Sete Barras entre os anos 2012 e 2020. Os resultados das análises químicas de solo (pH, V, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) e folha (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) foram interpretados de acordo com valores disponíveis na literatura e calculados seus valores máximos, mínimos, médias, coeficientes de variação (CV) e intervalos de confiança (IC) a P < 0.05. As classes de interpretação dos parâmetros foram avaliadas de acordo com sua distribuição de frequência. Grande parte das amostras apresentaram valores de pH e V próximos aos indicados para a bananeira. As concentrações de nutrientes no solo, em média, foram consideradas altas, no entanto, para K, Mg e S, a concentração no solo não refletiu em adequada nutrição da bananeira, estando esses nutrientes deficientes na planta. RESUMO Brasil Contudo região modo bananeira Prata SP comerciais Eldorado Cajati Jacupiranga Pariqueraaçú, Pariqueraaçú Pariquera açú, açú Pariquera-açú 201 2020 pH, (pH K Ca S B Cu Fe Zn N, N (N máximos mínimos médias CV (CV IC (IC 005 0 05 0.05 frequência média altas entanto planta 20 202 00 0.0 2 0.

ABSTRACT Banana is a climacteric fruit with short post-harvest shelf-life, undergoing significant changes during ripening. Refrigerated storage is considered the most efficient method to preserve the quality of fruit by slowing down their metabolism. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate physical and chemical characteristics of 'BRS-Princesa' bananas stored under refrigeration, focusing on determining their post-harvest shelf-life. The fruit were stored in a cold chamber at temperature of 14±1 °C and relative air humidity of 75±1% for 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. They were removed from the cold chamber after each period and kept at 25±1 °C in a climate-controlled environment (CCE) until they presented a fully yellow peel (ripening stage 6). The fruit were evaluated immediately after removal from the cold chamber and when they reached the ripening stage 6. Refrigeration affected all physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit evaluated after removal from the cold chamber. However, when the fruit were fully ripe, pulp yield, soluble solids content, and total soluble sugars presented no significant difference, indicating a similar ripening to the control group. Fruit stored for 21 and 28 days showed chilling injury. 'BRS-Princesa' bananas can be stored at 14 °C for up to 14 days, without losses in fruit appearance and quality, thus extending the time for fruit consumption by 8 days when compared to fruit stored in the CCE (25±1 °C). postharvest post harvest shelflife, shelflife shelf life, life shelf-life metabolism Thus BRSPrincesa BRS Princesa 'BRS-Princesa refrigeration shelflife. life. 141 1 14± C 751 75 75±1 0 7 2 251 25 25± climatecontrolled climate controlled (CCE 6 . 6) However ripe yield content difference group injury (25± °C. °C) 75± (25 (2 (

RESUMO A banana é um fruto climatérico de vida pós-colheita curta e que sofre mudanças acentuadas durante seu amadurecimento. O armazenamento refrigerado é considerado a forma mais eficaz de preservar a qualidade dos frutos, diminuindo seu metabolismo. Assim, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características físicoquímicas de bananas 'BRS-Princesa' armazenadas sob refrigeração, visando determinar o período de vida útil pós-colheita. Os frutos foram armazenados em câmara fria, em temperatura de 14±1 ºC e 75±1% UR por períodos de 0, 7,14, 21 ou 28 dias. Após cada período, os frutos foram retirados da câmara fria e mantidos em temperatura ambiente (25±1 ºC) até apresentarem coloração da casca completamente amarela (estádio 6 de maturação). As avaliações foram realizadas logo após a retirada dos frutos da refrigeração e quando os frutos atingiram o estádio 6. A refrigeração afetou todas as variáveis de qualidade físico-química dos frutos avaliados após a retirada da câmara fria. Porém, quando os frutos atingiram o completo amadurecimento, as variáveis rendimento da polpa, sólidos solúveis e açúcares solúveis totais não apresentaram diferença significativa, indicando um amadurecimento semelhante ao controle. Frutos armazenados por 21 e 28 dias apresentaram índices de injúrias por frio. As bananas 'BRS-Princesa' podem ser armazenadas a 14 °C por um período de até 14 dias, sem prejuízo à boa aparência e qualidade dos frutos, com incremento de 8 dias na possibilidade de consumo dos frutos, quando comparados ao controle. póscolheita pós colheita metabolismo Assim BRSPrincesa BRS Princesa 'BRS-Princesa póscolheita. colheita. 141 1 14± 751 75 75±1 0 714 7 7,14 2 25±1 251 25 (25± maturação. maturação . maturação) físicoquímica físico química Porém polpa significativa controle frio C 75± 71 7,1 25± (25 7, (2 (

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to (i) use a combination of a definitive screening design (DSD) and a complete 33 factorial design to estimate the effects of four fertilizer supplements (factors) screened in the 1st planting cycle of Prata Gorutuba banana trees and (ii) determine whether combinations of these four factors can be identified for a future test. A DSD was combined with a complete 33 factorial scheme composed of three factors with three levels (application doses) each and three extra repetitions of the central level (commercial dose), totaling 30 experimental plots (27 + 3). The experimental area was divided into six blocks in a randomized block design (RBD) with 5 experimental plots each. The four selected factors included three soil conditioning products and a biostimulant based on seaweed extract. Experimental efficiency was maintained by performing a single trial with only 35.71% of the number of total plots used in the previous screening experiment. The results corroborated the main hypothesis of the study, i.e., that the most important factors previously screened in a previous trial could be maintained with three dose levels without altering the cultivation performance. i (i (DSD 3 (factors st ii (ii test application doses commercial dose, , dose) 27 (2 3. . 3) RBD (RBD extract 3571 35 71 35.71 experiment ie e i.e. performance 2 ( 357 7 35.7 i.e 35.

ABSTRACT Banana stalk production for fiber is an important crop activity in southern China. The fiber extraction technology used has a great impact on the effectiveness and quality of the fiber from banana stalks. A mechanical model of the process for banana stalk fiber extraction was developed through theoretical analysis. The existing problems of machines for banana stalk fiber extraction include high rates of fiber impurity and damaged fibers. A 3-factor 3-horizon orthogonal rotation combination test was established. The rates of fiber impurity and damaged fibers were the evaluation indices. The significant order of the factors determining the rate of fiber impurity, from largest to smallest, was the gap between the scraper and the holding plate, the number of scrapers, and the rotational speed of the scraping knives roller. The significant order of factors for the rate of damaged fiber was the gap between the scraper, the rotational speed of the scraping knives roller, and the number of scrapers. The optimized banana straw fiber extraction machine was tested in the field. The results show that the development of this model can provide valuable experience and references for understanding and improving other similar agricultural machinery and equipment. China stalks analysis 3factor factor 3 3horizon horizon established indices smallest plate scrapers roller field equipment

Abstract This research aimed to enhance the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) of formulated biscuits with moringa leaf, tempeh and banana flours. Four formulated biscuits have been developed with different percentages of moringa leaves, tempeh and banana flours, namely, F1, F2, F3, and F4. The antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC of formulated biscuits as well as control biscuit with 100% of wheat flour were assessed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), Folin-Ciocalteu, and aluminium chloride method, respectively. TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in all formulated biscuits as compared to the control biscuit. The best biscuit formulation containing 3% moringa leaf, 15% tempeh, and 20% banana flours showed significant and the highest TPC (0.98 ± 0.062) mg GAE/g, TFC (0.95 ± 0.095) mg QE/g, and antioxidant activity measured as IC50 value was 3.86 ± 0.091 mg/mL, compared to other biscuit formulas containing moringa leaf, tempeh, and banana flours. , (TPC) (TFC leaf leaves namely F1 F F2 F3 F4 100 2,2diphenyl1picrylhydrazylhydrate 22diphenyl1picrylhydrazylhydrate diphenylpicrylhydrazylhydrate 2,2 diphenyl 1 picryl hydrazyl hydrate 2 DPPH, DPPH (DPPH) FolinCiocalteu, FolinCiocalteu Folin Ciocalteu, Ciocalteu Folin-Ciocalteu method respectively 3 15 20 0.98 098 0 98 (0.9 0.062 0062 062 GAEg GAE g GAE/g 0.95 095 95 0.095 0095 QEg QE QE/g IC IC5 386 86 3.8 0091 091 0.09 mgmL mL mg/mL (TPC 10 2diphenyl1picrylhydrazylhydrate picrylhydrazylhydrate 22 2, (DPPH 0.9 09 9 (0. 0.06 006 06 009 38 8 3. 0.0 0. (0 00 (

ABSTRACT Zygothrica is a genus of Drosophilidae (Diptera) whose species utilize flowers and fungi for breeding sites, with records of fungi being used as courtship arena. Due to this habit, its representation in Drosophilidae surveys using banana-baited traps is generally low. However, Zygothrica orbitalis was well represented in a few samples with these traps. In this study, we report for the first time the breeding site of Z. orbitalis in living fruits of Psychotria brachyceras (Rubiaceae), noting that the use of living fruits is rare among Drosophilidae. The fructification of the plant occurs in the area of study from May to August, with previous collection records of the species in the Restinga (sandbank or strand) forest. Additionally, the emergence of some individuals of the invasive species Drosophila suzukii was observed, which highlights the necessity for continuous study of this plant to understand the dynamics between a native and an exotic species. Besides the ecological importance, our results are relevant for understanding the evolution of trophic resource use by the Zygothrica genus. Diptera (Diptera sites arena habit bananabaited banana baited low However Z Rubiaceae, Rubiaceae , (Rubiaceae) August sandbank strand forest Additionally observed importance (Rubiaceae

Abstract: Pattern recognition aims to classify some datasets into specific classes or clusters, having several applications in agriculture. The objectification of the process minimizes errors since it reduces subjectivity, allowing a fairer remuneration to the producer and standardized products to the consumer. Thus,this work aimed to develop an embedded system with artificial intelligence to determine the ripening stage of bananas (outputs) from the insertion of physical (i.e., fruit weight, texture and diameter), physicochemical (i.e.,pH, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids (SS) and SS/TA ratio) and biochemical (i.e., total sugars, phenolic compounds, ascorbic acid,quantification of pigments in fruit peel and pulp and antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP methods) data (inputs). The bananas were harvested at each evaluated stage according to the Von Loesecke ripening scale, as follows:stage 2, totally green; stage 4, more yellow than green; stage 6, yellow; and stage 7, yellow with brown spots. Subsequently, they were selected and submitted to quality analysis. The data obtained were then mined and the attributes were selected using WEKA software. The classifier software was developed using MATLAB. The most relevant attributes selected in the Bayes Net classifier for the Cross-Validation method were: apical, central, basal and mean textures (between apical, median and basal textures), pH, soluble solids, phenolic compounds, antioxidant activities by the FRAP and DPPH methods, vitamin C, anthocyanins from the pulp, chlorophyll a content in the fruit peel and sugar, resulting in a mean F-measure of 97.0%. Abstract clusters agriculture subjectivity consumer Thusthis Thus this outputs (outputs i.e., ie i e (i.e. weight diameter, diameter , diameter) i.e.,pH, iepH pH (i.e.,pH TA, TA (TA) SS (SS SSTA ratio sugars compounds acidquantification acid quantification methods inputs. inputs . (inputs) scale followsstage follows 2 green 4 6 7 spots Subsequently analysis MATLAB CrossValidation Cross Validation apical central between textures, textures) C sugar Fmeasure F measure 970 97 0 97.0% i.e. (i.e i.e.,pH (TA (inputs 9 97.0 i.e 97.

Resumo: reconhecimento de padrões tem como objetivo classificar alguns conjuntos de dados em classes ou clusters específicos, tendo várias aplicações na agriaccucultura. A objetivação do processo minimiza erros, pois reduz a subjetividade, permitindo uma remuneração mais justa ao produtor e produtos padronizados ao consumidor. Assim,este trabalho teve como objetivo desenvolver um sistema embarcado cominteligência artificial para determinar o estádio de maturação de bananas (outputs) a partir dainserção de dados físicos (peso do fruto, textura e diâmetro), físico-químicos (pH, acideztitulável (AT),sólidos solúveis (SS) e relação SS/TA) e bioquímicos (açúcares totais,compostos fenólicos, ácido ascórbico, quantificação de pigmentos na casca e na polpa dos frutos e atividade antioxidante pelos métodos DPPH e FRAP) (inputs). As bananas foram colhidas em cada estádio avaliado, de acordo com a escala de maturação de Von Loesecke, a saber:estádio 2, totalmente verde; estádio 4, mais amarela que verde; estádio 6, amarela; e estádio 7,amarela com manchas marrons. Posteriormente, foram selecionados e submetidos a uma análise de qualidade. Os dados obtidos foram então minerados, e os atributos foramselecionados,utilizando o software WEKA. O software classificador foi desenvolvido em MATLAB. Os atributos mais relevantes selecionados no classificador Bayes Net, para ométodo de Cross-Validation, foram: texturas apical, central, basal e média (entre as texturasapical, mediana e basal), pH, sólidos solúveis, compostos fenólicos, atividades antioxidantes, pelos métodos FRAP e DPPH, vitamina C, antocianinas da polpa, teor de clorofila a na cascado fruto e açúcar,resultando em uma medida F média de 97,0%. Resumo específicos agriaccucultura erros subjetividade consumidor Assimeste Assim este outputs (outputs peso diâmetro, diâmetro , diâmetro) físicoquímicos físico químicos pH (pH AT,sólidos ATsólidos AT ,sólidos SS (SS SS/TA SSTA TA açúcares totaiscompostos totais fenólicos ascórbico inputs. inputs . (inputs) avaliado Loesecke saberestádio saber 2 verde 4 6 7amarela 7 marrons Posteriormente qualidade minerados foramselecionadosutilizando foramselecionados utilizando WEKA MATLAB Net CrossValidation, CrossValidation Cross Validation, Validation Cross-Validation apical central entre texturasapical basal, basal) antioxidantes C açúcarresultando açúcar resultando 970 97 0 97,0% (inputs 9 97,0 97,

ABSTRACT In this study, a tissue culture method was developed for the propagation and conservation of Cattleya gaskelliana (N.E.Br.) B.S. Williams. Initially, protocorms with leaf primordium, obtained via asymbiotic seed germination, were used as explants. Half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1.5 mg L−1 6-benzyl aminopurine (BA) and 2.0 mg L−1, indole butyric acid (IBA) was found to be optimal for the proliferation of protocorm-like bodies (PLB). Most explants (81%) proliferated, each producing 11.1 ± 1.87 units per explant. The optimum number of PLB differentiated to plantlets on a cultured medium with 0.5 mg L−1 Thidiazuron (TDZ) + 100 mL L−1 coconut water. Firmly rooted plantlets with vigorous growth were regenerated on ½ MS medium + 1.0 mg L−1 Indole- 3-acetic acid (IAA) and 50 g L−1 banana puree. Plants regenerated via in vitro processes were wrapped with sphagnum moss and acclimatized in a substrate containing equal proportions of bark, perlite, and peat with a 100% ex-vitro survival rate after acclimation for 70 days. The protocol developed in this study can be used to obtain several thousand plants within one year, and thus, is an effective method. N.E.Br. NEBr N E Br (N.E.Br. BS B S B.S Williams Initially primordium germination Halfstrength Half strength (MS 15 1 5 1. L1 L L− 6benzyl benzyl 6 BA (BA 20 2 0 2. IBA (IBA protocormlike protocorm like PLB. . (PLB) 81% 81 (81% proliferated 111 11 11. 187 87 1.8 explant 05 0. TDZ (TDZ 10 water Indole 3acetic acetic 3 IAA (IAA puree bark perlite exvitro ex 7 days year thus N.E.Br (N.E.Br (PLB 8 (81 18 (8 (

RESUMO Neste estudo foi desenvolvido um método de cultura de tecidos para propagação e conservação de Cattleya gaskelliana (N.E.Br.) B.S. Willians. Inicialmente, protocormos com primórdio foliar, obtidos via germinação assimbiótica de sementes, foram utilizados como explantes. Meio Murashige e Skoog (MS) de meia concentração suplementado com 1,5 mg L-1 de 6-benzil aminopurina (BA) e 2,0 mg L-1 de ácido indol butírico (AIB) foi considerado ideal para a proliferação de corpos semelhantes a protocormos (PLB). A maioria dos explantes (81%) proliferou, cada um produzindo 11,1 ± 1,87 unidades por explante. O número ótimo de PLB diferenciados para plântulas em meio de cultura com 0,5 mg L−1 de Thidiazuron (TDZ) + 100 mL L−1 de água de coco. Plântulas firmemente enraizadas e com crescimento vigoroso foram regeneradas em meio ½ MS + 1,0 mg L-1 de ácido indol-3-acético (AIA) e 50 g L-1 de pasta de banana. Plantas regeneradas via processos in vitro foram envoltas com musgo esfagno e aclimatadas em substrato contendo proporções iguais de casca, perlita e turfa com taxa de sobrevivência ex-vitro de 100% após aclimatação por 70 dias. O protocolo desenvolvido neste estudo pode ser usado para obter milhares de plantas por um ano sendo, portanto, um método eficaz. N.E.Br. NEBr N E Br (N.E.Br. BS B S B.S Willians Inicialmente foliar sementes (MS 15 1 5 1, L1 L L- 6benzil benzil 6 BA (BA 20 2 0 2, AIB (AIB PLB. . (PLB) 81% 81 (81% proliferou 111 11 11, 187 87 1,8 explante 05 0, L− TDZ (TDZ 10 coco indol3acético indolacético 3 acético AIA (AIA banana casca exvitro ex 7 dias sendo portanto eficaz N.E.Br (N.E.Br (PLB 8 (81 18 (8 (

Abstract Polyhydroxyalkanoates are renewable, and biocompatible plastics having physiochemical properties similar to petrochemical plastics, and meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Two bacterial strains: Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis were selected to produce the PHA. The standard carbon source was glucose while molasses and banana peels were cheaper carbon substrates used in a medium to grow the bacterial strains. Sudan black B and Nile blue A staining were used to confirm the PHA production via spread plate assay. PHA granules were observed inside the bacterial cell microscopically, using Sudan stain. The carbohydrate concentration was estimated in molasses (29.4mg/mL) and banana peel extract (9.8mg/mL) by the Phenol-sulfuric acid test. In batch fermentation, time profiles of PHA production and growth of microbial strains for every 3hrs were performed up to incubation of 48hrs at 150rpm. PHA was extracted by sodium dodecyl sulfate digestion and chloroform extraction method. PHA production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa was 1.120g/L (66.82%) and 0.380g/L (44.60%) while in Bacillus subtilis was 0.476g/L (53.84%) and 0.288g/L (39.18%) utilizing molasses and banana peels, respectively after 48hrs. FTIR characterized the PHA monomer as polyhydroxybutyrate having a C=O bond at 1697.8cm-1 and 1750.0cm-1 and a CH3 group at 1395.9cm-1 and 1458.3cm-1. A statistical significance between the PHA productions was calculated by applying an unpaired t-test, for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a significant difference was observed between glucose with both substrates, while for Bacillus subtilis, a significant difference was noted only between glucose and peel extract. renewable SDG. SDG . (SDG) assay microscopically stain 29.4mg/mL 294mgmL mgmL 29 4mg mL mg (29.4mg/mL 9.8mg/mL 98mgmL 9 8mg (9.8mg/mL Phenolsulfuric Phenol sulfuric test fermentation hrs 150rpm rpm method 1120gL gL 1 120g L g 66.82% 6682 66 82 (66.82% 0380gL 0 380g 44.60% 4460 44 60 (44.60% 0476gL 476g 53.84% 5384 53 84 (53.84% 0288gL 288g 39.18% 3918 39 18 (39.18% CO C O 1697.8cm1 16978cm1 cm 1697.8cm 1697 8cm 1697.8cm- 1750.0cm1 17500cm1 1750.0cm 1750 0cm 1750.0cm- CH 1395.9cm1 13959cm1 1395.9cm 1395 9cm 1395.9cm- 1458.3cm1. 14583cm1 1458.3cm 1. 1458 3cm 1458.3cm-1 ttest, ttest t test, t-test (SDG 2 66.82 668 6 8 (66.82 44.60 446 4 (44.60 53.84 538 5 (53.84 39.18 391 3 (39.18 8cm1 16978cm 169 0cm1 17500cm 175 9cm1 13959cm 139 3cm1 1458.3cm1 14583cm 145 1458.3cm- 66.8 (66.8 44.6 (44.6 53.8 (53.8 39.1 (39.1 16 17 13 14 66. (66. 44. (44. 53. (53. 39. (39. (66 (44 (53 (39 (6 (4 (5 (3 (

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a produtividade de frutos e da água em bananeira 'Prata Anã', sob diferentes combinações de densidades de plantio e lâminas de irrigação no seu quarto ciclo de produção. O experimento foi delineado em blocos ao acaso, em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições, com os seguintes fatores: dois níveis de lâmina de irrigação (50 e 100% da evapotranspiração da cultura) nas parcelas e quatro níveis de densidade de plantio (1.666, 2.083, 2.666 e 3.333 plantas por hectare) nas subparcelas. Foram avaliadas a evapotranspiração e as características de produtividade da cultura. Foram observadas reduções na massa de pencas, no número de pencas e no número de frutos à medida que aumentou a densidade de plantio, bem como incrementos no rendimento de pencas e na produtividade hídrica e redução na pegada hídrica. É possível aumentar a produtividade da bananeira ao aumentar sua densidade de plantio e reduzir a lâmina de irrigação aplicada no seu quarto ciclo de produção. Prata Anã, Anã , Anã' produção acaso subdivididas repetições fatores 50 (5 100 cultura 1.666, 1666 1 666 (1.666 2083 2 083 2.083 2666 2.66 3333 3 333 3.33 hectare subparcelas 5 ( 10 1.666 166 66 (1.66 208 08 2.08 266 2.6 33 3.3 1.66 16 6 (1.6 20 0 2.0 26 2. 3. 1.6 (1. 1. (1

Abstract The objective of this work was to determine the fruit yield and water productivity of the 'Prata Anã' banana plant, under different combinations of planting densities and irrigation depths in its fourth production cycle. The experiment was designed in randomized complete blocks in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates, with the following factors: two levels of irrigation depth (50 and 100% crop evapotranspiration) in the plots and four levels of planting density (1,666, 2,083, 2,666, and 3,333 plants per hectare) in the subplots. Crop evapotranspiration and yield characteristics were evaluated. Reductions in the mass of hands, number of hands, and number of fruits were observed as planting density increased, as well as increments in the yield of hands and in water productivity and a reduction in water footprint. It is possible to increase the yield of the banana plant by increasing its planting density and reducing the irrigation depth applied in its fourth production cycle. Prata Anã cycle splitplot split plot replicates factors 50 (5 100 1,666, 1666 1 666 (1,666 2083 2 083 2,083 2666 2,666 3333 3 333 3,33 hectare subplots evaluated increased footprint 5 ( 10 1,666 166 66 (1,66 208 08 2,08 266 2,66 33 3,3 1,66 16 6 (1,6 20 0 2,0 26 2,6 3, 1,6 (1, 2, 1, (1