Resumen (Objetivo) El principal objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el potencial de ahorro de agua potable, mediante el empleo de la pluvial como una fuente de abastecimiento para usos no potables, en dos barrios con viviendas de interés social del municipio de Viçosa (Minas Gerais, Brasil). (Metodología) Se utilizaron las estadísticas de consumo correspondientes a cada mes del 2020, para cada una de las casas que conforman los complejos habitacionales Benjamín José Cardoso y Sol Nascente, así como se estimó la fracción de agua potable destinada en los hogares para usos no potables. Se analizó la información correspondiente a los registros de lluvias mensuales de los últimos 50 años y se calculó el volumen mensual de agua de lluvia que podría colectarse en cada casa. (Resultados) El volumen promedio mensual de agua pluvial que podría captarse en el área de tejado de cada hogar es 3,39 m3. Durante los meses lluviosos del año, podría almacenarse un porcentaje de agua mayor al destinado para usos no potables; el dimensionamiento de un reservorio de agua de lluvia que supere las necesidades por mes del líquido para dichos propósitos podría viabilizar un excedente de agua colectada que garantice el recurso a lo largo de la temporada seca. (Conclusiones) Ya que el porcentaje promedio de ahorro de agua potable para ambos barrios supera el 53 %, el ahorro de consumo mensual puede contribuir a la reducción en el pago del servicio del agua potable y el consumo del líquido del municipio, principalmente en los meses de sequía.

Resumo (Objetivo) O principal objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial de economia de água potável por meio do uso da água pluvial como fonte de abastecimento para usos não potáveis em dois bairros com habitações de interesse social no município de Viçosa (Minas Gerais-Brasil). (Metodologia) Foram utilizadas estatísticas de consumo de cada mês do ano de 2020 para cada uma das casas que compõem os conjuntos habitacionais Benjamin José Cardoso e Sol Nascente, e foi estimada a fração de água potável utilizada nas residências para usos não potáveis. Foram analisados os registros mensais de dos últimos 50 anos e calculado o volume mensal de águas pluviais que poderia ser coletado de cada residência. (Resultados) O volume médio mensal de águas pluviais que poderia ser coletado da área do telhado de cada residência é de 3,39 m3. Durante os meses chuvosos do ano, poderia ser armazenada uma porcentagem maior de água do que aquela destinada a usos não potáveis; o dimensionamento de um reservatório de águas pluviais que ultrapassem as necessidades mensais do líquido para esses fins poderia viabilizar um excedente de água coletada para garantir o líquido durante a estação seca. (Conclusões) Como a porcentagem média de economia de água potável para ambos os bairros é superior a 53%, a economia no consumo mensal pode contribuir para a redução do pagamento do serviço de água potável do município e do consumo do líquido, principalmente nos meses de seca.

Abstract (Objective) The main objective of this research was to evaluate the potential for saving drinking water by using rainwater as a source of supply for non-potable purposes in two neighborhoods with social housing in the municipality of Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil. (Methodology) The consumption statistics for each month of 2020 were used for each of the homes comprising the Benjamin José Cardoso and Sol Nascente Housing Complexes, and the fraction of drinking water that is destined in homes for nonpotable purposes was estimated. The information corresponding to the monthly rainfall records of the last 50 years was analyzed and the monthly volume of rainwater that could be harvested in each house was calculated. (Results) The average monthly volume of rainwater that could be captured through the roof area of each dwelling is 3.39 m3. During the rainy months of the year, it would be feasible to save a higher percentage of water than that allocated for non-potable purposes. Sizing a rainwater reservoir that exceeds the monthly needs for non-potable purposes would allow the surplus of collected water to supply the liquid during the dry season. (Conclusions) Since the average percentage of savings in drinking water for both neighborhoods exceeded 53%, the saving of the monthly consumption can contribute to the reduction of payments for the drinking water service and the consumption of the liquid in the municipality, particularly during drought months.

Abstract The use of supplementary cementitious materials to replace Portland clinker is one of the most effective strategies adopted by cement companies to reduce CO 2 emission on large-scale. However, due to the limited availability of traditional materials, alternative options are being investigated. The main objective of this research is to evaluate the characteristics and effect of different replacement levels of cement by dregs and grits on compressive strength. The wastes were ground and particles smaller than 75 µm were used. Chemical and physical were performed to characterize the dregs and grits. For both wastes, replacement levels of 0, 5, 10, 20 and 30% of cement mass were evaluated in the mortar production. The water-cement ratio and superplasticizer admixture content were kept constant. In fresh state, the consistency index and incorporated air content were obtained. Mortars made with dregs had higher strength compared to grits due to the higher combined water content. The results showed that it is possible to replace up to 36% of cement with dregs to obtain a strength of 25 MPa; and 15% for 40 MPa. largescale. largescale large scale. scale large-scale However investigated 7 used 0 5 10 30 production watercement constant state obtained 36 MPa 15 4 1 3

Resumo Ouso de adições minerais em substituição ao clínquer Portland é uma das medidas mitigadoras de emissão de CO2, mais promissoras em larga escala, adotadas pelas cimenteiras. Dada a limitação de disponibilidade de algumas, materiais alternativos vêm sendo investigados. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo caracterizar e avaliar o efeito de diferentes teores de dregs e grits em substituição parcial ao cimento na resistência à compressão. Os resíduos foram submetidos à moagem, utilizando-se partículas inferiores a 75 µm. Foram realizados ensaios para caracterização química e física dos dregs e grits. Para ambos os resíduos, foram analisados os teores de 0, 5, 10, 20 e 30% em substituição à massa de cimento na produção de argamassas. A relação água/finos e o teor de aditivo superplastificante foram mantidos constantes. No estado fresco, foram avaliados o índice de consistência e o teor de ar incorporado. As argamassas com dregs proporcionaram maior resistência em relação às com grits devido ao maior teor de água combinada. Os resultados mostraram que é possível substituir até 36% do cimento por esse resíduo para obtenção de resistência à compressão de 25 MPa e 15% para 40 MPa. CO2 CO escala cimenteiras algumas investigados moagem utilizandose utilizando se 7 µm 0 5 10 2 30 águafinos finos constantes fresco incorporado combinada 36 15 4 1 3

Resumen Objetivo: este artículo estudia la relación entre la demanda turística y el crecimiento económico, el tipo de cambio real y la incertidumbre de política económica (EPU, por sus siglas en inglés) en Australia, China, Francia, Alemania, Italia, Japón, España, Estados Unidos y el Reino Unido. Metodología: se aplicaron pruebas de dependencia transversal, de raíz unitaria y de cointegración. El modelo de largo plazo se estimó con los siguientes métodos: PCSE, FGLS y FMOLS. Resultados: los resultados muestran una relación positiva entre el crecimiento económico y el tipo de cambio real respecto a la demanda turística. En el largo plazo, la relación de causalidad es de la incertidumbre, el tipo de cambio y el PIB al turismo. Se valida la hipótesis de retroalimentación. Limitaciones: la disponibilidad de datos. Originalidad: estudia la influencia conjunta del crecimiento económico y la EPU sobre la demanda de turismo en los países de los principales destinos mundiales de turismo internacional según los ingresos turísticos internacionales. Conclusiones: se sugiere que el turismo impulsará el crecimiento económico general, y de manera correspondiente la inversión en otros sectores de la economía también influirá en un aumento del turismo.

Abstract Objective: to study the relationship among tourism demand and economic growth, real exchange rate, and economic policy uncertainty (EPU) in Australia China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Methodology: cross-section dependence, unit root, and cointegration tests were applied. The long-term model was estimated according to the Panel-Corrected Standard Error (PCSE), Feasible Generalised Least Squares (FGLS), and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS). Results: the results show a positive relationship between economic growth and the real exchange rate concerning tourism demand. In the long term, the causality relationship is from uncertainty, exchange rate, and GDP to tourism. The feedback hypothesis is validated. Limitations: availability of data. Originality: it studies the joint influence of economic growth and the EPU on demand for tourism in the countries of the world’s leading destinations for international tourism according to international tourist income. Conclusions: tourism will drive general economic growth and, correspondingly, investment in other sectors of the economy will also influence an increase in tourism.

Summary: Currently, agricultural activity is constantly threatened by the effects of climate change and radical expression of environmental factors as irregular rainfall distribution responsible for water availability and deficit. These factors generate water stress in productive systems, whose negative effect is reflected on morphological, physiological and biochemical aspects of vegetative growth. The use of biostimulants arises as a strategy to counteract this impact, improving crop efficiency in the use of resources and generating responses, as metabolite production, among other substances that mitigate the effects of oxidative stress. In this context, waxes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), salicylic acid (SA) and ALGAENZIMSMR were used on raspberry plants subjected to moderate water stress (-0. 8 MPa) to evaluate the fruit response in aspects of vegetative growth, physiological and biochemical quality. For the establishment, a completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments: Green Cover as 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, salicylic acid 0.27 mM, ALGAENZIMSMR 7.5 mL L-1 and the control with 50% recovery of the transpired volume as well as water potential similar to the rest of plants and 4 replicates. The results showed that waxes, SA and algal extract increased the photosynthetic rate; the four treatments increased root length; waxes increased root height; and H2O2 increased root biomass. Compared to the control, higher levels of vitamin C and anthocyanins were produced in fruits - a very important aspect due to the functionality of these compounds in human health. Therefore, the use of these biostimulants are a very useful tool for crop management in environments with water restriction.

Resumen: En la actualidad la actividad agrícola se ve amenazada constantemente por los efectos del cambio climático y la expresión radical de los factores ambientales, como la irregularidad en la distribución pluvial responsable de la disponibilidad del agua y déficit, que genera estrés hídrico en los sistemas productivos, cuyo efecto negativo se refleja en aspectos de crecimiento vegetativo, morfológicos, fisiológicos y bioquímicos. El uso de bioestimulantes surge como estrategia para contrarrestar este impacto, mejorando la eficiencia de los cultivos en el uso de los recursos y generar respuestas, como la producción de metabolitos entre otras sustancias, que mitigan los efectos del estrés oxidativo. Bajo este contexto se planteó el uso de ceras, peróxido de hidrogeno (H2O2), ácido salicílico (AS) y algaenzims, sobre plantas de frambuesa sometidas a estrés hídrico moderado (-0.8 MPa) con el objetivo de evaluar la respuesta en aspectos de crecimiento vegetativo, fisiológicos y calidad bioquímica de frutos, para el establecimiento se empleó un diseño completamente al azar con 5 tratamientos: greencover as® 5 mL L-1, H2O2 10-4 M, ácido salicílico 0.27 mM, algaenzims® 7.5 mL L-1 y el control con recuperación del 50% del volumen transpirado y con potencial hídrico similar al resto de plantas y 4 repeticiones. Como resultados se obtuvo que las ceras, AS y el extracto de algas incrementaron la tasa fotosintética, los cuatro tratamientos aumentaron la longitud de raíces, las ceras la altura, y el H2O2 la biomasa de raíz. Por otro lado, en comparación con el control, se produjeron mayores niveles de vitamina C y antocianinas en frutos, un aspecto muy importante por la funcionalidad de estos compuestos en la salud humana. Por lo tanto, el uso de estos bioestimulantes se puede visualizar como una herramienta de gran utilidad para el manejo de cultivos en ambientes con restricción de agua.

Abstract Introduction. Supply chain issues have increased the costs of raw material and reduced the availability of materials for the production of biological control agents. This can result in greater disease pressure and lower yields on farms. Objective. To determine the effect of different amounts of starch and the use of local ingredients in small- and large-scale fermentation processes for Trichoderma harzianum. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in San José, Costa Rica, between 2016 and 2018. Flask experiments were performed to investigate the reduction or elimination of starch in commercial fermentation media. Fermentation vessel trials were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of an alternative local medium, which included three treatments: 1) commercial medium as a control, 2) 10 % molasses medium, and 3) 10 % molasses with 0.5% yeast extract. Viable spore counts were performed to determine colony-forming units (CFU/mL). Results. Reducing starch to 10 % of the original medium had no impact on CFU/mL. However, the absence of starch resulted in uneven growth during fermentation. Molasses produced approximately half the CFU/mL compared to the commercial medium but exceeded the threshold of 107 CFU/mL used in studies for the biological control of plant pathogens. Results obtained in a commercial-scale fermenter were similar to those of pilot-scale fermentation. Conclusion. Reducing starch content in the commercial medium did not affect growth, but the absence of starch led to solid mycelium clumps. The use of a local molasses-based medium on a commercial scale feasible as long as the required viable spore count for field use is maintained.

Resumen Introducción. Los problemas en la cadena de suministro aumentaron los costos de las materias primas y redujeron la disponibilidad de materiales para la producción de agentes de control biológico. Esto puede ejercer mayor presión de enfermedades y menores rendimientos en las granjas. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de diferentes cantidades de almidón y el uso de ingredientes locales en procesos de fermentación a pequeña y gran escala para Trichoderma harzianum. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se ralizó en San José, Costa Rica, entre 2016 y 2018. Se realizaron ensayos en matraces para investigar la reducción o eliminación de almidón en medios de fermentación comerciales. Se llevaron a cabo ensayos en recipientes de fermentación para evaluar la efectividad de un medio local alternativo, que incluyó tres tratamientos: 1) medio comercial como control, 2) melaza al 10 % y 3) melaza al 10 % con 0,5 % de extracto de levadura. Se realizaron recuentos de esporas viables para determinar las unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC/mL). Resultados. La reducción de almidón al 10 % del medio original no tuvo impacto en las UFC/mL. Sin embargo, la ausencia de almidón resultó en un crecimiento desigual durante la fermentación. La melaza produjo aproximadamente la mitad de las UFC/mL en comparación con el medio comercial, pero superó el umbral de 107 UFC/mL utilizado en estudios para el control biológico de patógenos de plantas. Los resultados obtenidos en un fermentador a escala comercial fueron similares a los de la fermentación a escala piloto. Conclusión. La reducción del contenido de almidón en el medio comercial no afectó al crecimiento, pero la ausencia de almidón provocó acumulaciones sólidas de micelio. El uso de un medio de melaza de origen local a escala comercial parece factible mientras se mantenga un recuento de esporas viables requeridas para su uso en el campo.

ABSTRACT This research was conducted in the rural areas of Clara and La Hilera, Tacuarembó, Uruguay. The objective was to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food situation of households in these communities with dispersed population characteristics, from a human right to food perspective. A cross-sectional mixed descriptive study was conducted. Data were collected using the ELCSA scale, non-participant observations, semi-structured interviews with adults responsible for household food provision, and in-depth interviews with qualified informants from both areas. The results show that the level of household food insecurity remained the same in half of the households before and after the onset of the pandemic. It is concluded that the pandemic did not cause changes in the acquisition and local availability of food in almost all households.

RESUMEN La presente investigación se desarrolló en los parajes rurales de Clara y La Hilera, Tacuarembó, Uruguay. El objetivo se centró en conocer el impacto de la pandemia por COVID-19 en la situación alimentaria de los hogares de estas comunidades con características de población dispersa, desde una perspectiva del derecho humano a la alimentación. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, mixto. Los datos fueron recabados a través de la escala ELCSA, observaciones no participantes, entrevistas semiestructuradas dirigidas a las personas adultas responsables de la alimentación en el hogar y entrevistas en profundidad a informantes calificados de ambos parajes. Entre los resultados se destaca, que los valores de inseguridad alimentaria de los hogares previo y luego de iniciada la pandemia se mantiene en la mitad de los mismos. Se concluye que la pandemia no provocó cambios en la adquisición y disponibilidad local de alimentos en prácticamente la totalidad de los hogares.

Abstract Renting property is a widespread practice in much of Argentina. This paper analyses the mechanisms of renting and initiatives to regulate the rental market in Rosario, the third city with the highest number of tenants in the country (2003-2023). Data from official and unofficial documents and press releases show that national legislation favors the deregulation of the housing market. The scarcity of housing policies for tenants contrasts with the availability of unrented housing due to conflicts and lack of state control over prices, regulation and mediation of contracts. The development of a public policy for this market should include a proposal for taxation of unoccupied housing, social renting and incentives for building new housing to meet rental demand.

Resumen El alquiler de vivienda es una práctica en crecimiento en gran parte de Argentina. Este trabajo analiza el proceso de inquilinización y las iniciativas de regulación del mercado de alquileres en Rosario, tercera ciudad con mayor número de inquilinos del país entre 2003-2023. Los datos que arrojan los documentos oficiales, no oficiales y notas de prensa, muestran que la legislación nacional favorece la desregulación del mercado habitacional. La escasez de políticas habitacionales para inquilinos contrasta con la disponibilidad de viviendas que no se alquilan debido a conflictos y falta de control estatal respecto de precios, regulación y mediación contratos. La elaboración de una política pública para este mercado debería incluir una propuesta de impuestos a la vivienda desocupada, alquiler social e incentivos para la construcción de nuevas viviendas para atender la demanda de alquiler.

ABSTRACT The integration of technologies in the classroom is a problematic situation, which has prevented students from incorporating digital learning. The recent COVID 19 pandemic revealed gaps in the family technological cultural capital, a relevant issue, because the family, i.e. parents and guardians, are a factor in the integration of technology in the classroom of their children in elementary school. The general objective of this doctoral research was to measure the degree of incidence of the family in the integration of technologies in the classroom. Through a quantitative methodology, the survey technique, the application of a questionnaire to parents of eighth grade students and the use of a structural equation model, it was confirmed that, within the family factor, the availability of resources is the variable with the greatest impact on digital integration in the classroom, with a regression value of 2.002; followed by the technological cultural capital, with a value of 1.443; and finally the use and technological skills, with a weight of 0.614.

RESUMEN La integración de las tecnologías en la sala de clases es una situación problemática, que ha impedido al estudiantado incorporarse a la enseñanza digital. La reciente pandemia por el COVID 19 reveló brechas del capital cultural tecnológico familiar, cuestión relevante, porque la familia, es decir, padres y apoderados, son un factor en la integración de tecnología en la sala de clases de sus hijos en enseñanza básica. El objetivo general de esta investigación fue medir el grado de incidencia de la familia en la integración de tecnologías en las aulas. A través de una metodología cuantitativa, una técnica de encuesta, la aplicación de un cuestionario a padres de estudiantes de octavo año básico y el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se confirmó que, dentro del factor familiar, la disponibilidad de recursos es la variable de mayor incidencia en la integración digital en el aula, con un valor de regresión de 2.002; seguida del capital cultural tecnológico, con un valor de 1.443; y finalmente el uso y competencias tecnológicas, con un peso de 0.614.

ABSTRACT The context of the pandemic has evidenced difficulties in physical and mental health, where emotions such as anguish, anxiety, fear, and irritability have emerged. Based on this scenario, it is considered important to analyze the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout, since abrupt changes in family dynamics have been evidenced, which represented an important and dizzying adaptation challenge. Due to the lack of studies with qualitative approaches that describe the experiences in this area, the aim of the study is to describe the experience of fathers and mothers from the perspective of parental burnout in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Biobío Region, Chile. A qualitative methodology is used, oriented from a phenomenological design. The participants were three Chilean mothers and three fathers, between 20 and 50 years old. The semi-structured interview is used to collect the information and the thematic content analysis for the construction of categories. The results show that fathers and mothers perceive exhaustion associated with a mismatch between the demands related to raising children, including expectations of themselves and their responsibilities, and the availability of resources to meet those demands and expectations. A parental experience based on maladaptive feelings such as overwhelm and adaptive feelings such as parental closeness is concluded, as well as a most intimate character in family, social, and leisure activities.

RESUMEN El contexto de pandemia ha evidenciado dificultades en la salud física y mental, donde han emergido emociones como la angustia, ansiedad, miedo e irritabilidad. A partir de este escenario, se considera importante analizar la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental, ya que se han evidenciado cambios abruptos en la dinámica familiar que representaron un importante y vertiginoso desafío de adaptación. Debido a que se carece de estudios con aproximaciones cualitativas que describan las experiencias en este ámbito, el objetivo del estudio es describir la experiencia de padres y madres desde la perspectiva del burnout parental en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19 en la región del Biobío, Chile. Se utiliza una metodología cualitativa, orientada desde un diseño fenomenológico. Los participantes fueron tres madres y tres padres chilenos, entre 20 y 50 años. Se utiliza la entrevista semi-estructurada para recolectar la información y el análisis de contenido temático para la construcción de categorías. Los resultados muestran que los padres y madres perciben un agotamiento asociado a un desajuste entre las demandas relacionadas con la crianza de los hijos, incluidas las expectativas de sí mismos y sus responsabilidades, y la disponibilidad de recursos para satisfacer esas demandas y expectativas. Se concluye una experiencia parental basada en sentimientos desadaptativos como el agobio y adaptativos como la cercanía parental, además de un carácter mayoritariamente íntimo en las actividades familiares, sociales y de ocio.

RESUMO A salinidade é um dos fatores mais limitantes para a produtividade agrícola, pois afeta tanto as trocas gasosas quanto o metabolismo das plantas. Porém, com o crescimento populacional e a busca constante por alternativas para aumentar a produtividade, a irrigação com águas de salinidade moderada parece ser viável para potencializar a fruticultura no Brasil, especialmente nas regiões semiáridas, onde a maioria das águas tem alta concentração de sal e são as únicas fontes disponíveis para o produtor. Neste contexto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da salinidade da água de irrigação nas trocas gasosas e na qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos do melão amarelo ‘Goldex’ (Cucumis melo L.) nas fases de colheita. Os tratamentos consistiram de duas condutividades elétricas da água de irrigação (CEa - 0,8 e 4,0 dS m-1) e oito etapas de colheita (54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66 e 68 dias após o transplantio), dispostas em forma de esquema fatorial 2 × 8 e delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Nas condições de salinidade impostas durante as etapas de avaliação, o melão amarelo ‘Goldex’ manteve estáveis suas trocas gasosas básicas. A massa e o número de frutos por planta foram reduzidos pela salinidade da água de irrigação, mas os frutos continuaram classificados como comercializáveis, o que torna a irrigação com água salina até 4,0 dS m-1 uma alternativa viável para a produção de melão amarelo, principalmente em regiões onde há baixa disponibilidade de água de boa qualidade, o que pode potencializar a fruticultura no semiárido. agrícola plantas Porém Brasil semiáridas produtor contexto póscolheita pós ‘Goldex Goldex Cucumis L. L CEa 08 0 0, 40 4 4, m1 m 1 54, 54 (54 56 58 60 62 64 6 transplantio, transplantio , transplantio) casualizado avaliação básicas comercializáveis m- semiárido 5 (5 (

ABSTRACT Salinity is one of the most limiting factors for agricultural productivity, as it affects both gas exchange and plant metabolism. However, with population growth and the constant search for alternatives to increase productivity, irrigation with water of moderate salinity appears to be feasible to enhance fruit cultivation in Brazil, especially in semi-arid regions, where most waters have high salt concentration and are the only available source for the producer. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water salinity and harvest stages on gas exchange and post-harvest fruit quality of ‘Goldex’ yellow melon (Cucumis melo L.). The treatments consisted of two electrical conductivities of irrigation water (ECw - 0.8 and 4.0 dS m-1) and eight harvest stages (54, 56, 58, 60, 62, 64, 66, and 68 days after transplanting), arranged in a 2 × 8 factorial scheme and a completely randomized design. Under the salinity conditions imposed during the evaluation stages, the ‘Goldex’ yellow melon maintained its basic gas exchanges stable. The mass and number of fruits per plant were reduced by the salinity of the irrigation water, but the fruits continued to be classified as marketable, which makes irrigation with saline water up to 4.0 dS m-1 a viable alternative for the production of yellow melon, especially in regions where there is low availability of good quality water, which can enhance fruit growing in the semi-arid region. productivity metabolism However Brazil semiarid semi arid producer context postharvest post ‘Goldex Goldex Cucumis L.. L L. . L.) ECw 08 0 0. 40 4 4. m1 m 1 54, 54 (54 56 58 60 62 64 66 6 transplanting, transplanting , transplanting) design stable marketable m- region 5 (5 (

ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of dietitians in dialysis units is indisputable and mandatory in Brazil, but little is known about the practices adopted by these professionals. Objective: To know practices adopted in routine nutritional care, focusing on nutritional assessment tools and treatment strategies for people at risk or diagnosed with malnutrition. Methodology: Electronic questionnaire disseminated on social media and messaging applications. It included questions that covered dietitians’ demographic and occupational profile characteristics and of the dialysis unit, use and frequency of nutritional assessment tools, nutritional intervention strategies in cases of risk or diagnosis of malnutrition, prescription and access to oral supplements. Results: Twenty four percent of the Brazilian dialysis units (n = 207) responded electronically. The most used nutritional assessment tools with or without a pre-established frequency were dietary surveys (96%) and Subjective Global Assessment (83%). The strategies in cases of risk or presence of malnutrition used most frequently (almost always/always) were instructions to increase energy and protein intake from foods (97%), and increasing the frequency of visits (88%). The frequency of prescribing commercial supplements with standard and specialized formulas was quite similar. The availability of dietary supplements by the public healthcare system to patients varied between regions. Conclusion: Most dietitians use various nutritional assessment tools and intervention strategies in cases of risk or malnutrition; however, the frequency of use of such tools and strategies varied substantially. Introduction Brazil professionals Objective care Methodology applications unit Results n 207 electronically preestablished pre established 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% . (83%) almost always/always alwaysalways always 97%, 97 97% , (97%) 88%. 88 88% (88%) similar regions Conclusion however substantially 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97% (88% 2 (9 (83 (97 (88 ( (8

Resumo Introdução: A importância da atuação do nutricionista em unidades de diálise é indiscutível e obrigatória no Brasil, porém pouco sabemos sobre as práticas adotadas por esses profissionais. Objetivo: Conhecer práticas adotadas na rotina dos atendimentos nutricionais, com foco nas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e nas estratégias de tratamento das pessoas com risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição. Metodologia: Questionário eletrônico divulgado em mídias sociais e aplicativos de mensagens. Incluiu questões que abrangiam características do perfil demográfico e ocupacional do profissional e da unidade de diálise, utilização e frequência de ferramentas de avaliação nutricional, estratégias de intervenção nutricional em casos de risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição e prescrição e acesso a suplementos alimentares orais. Resultados: Foram recebidos eletronicamente o equivalente a 24% das unidades de diálise brasileiras (n = 207). As ferramentas de avaliação nutricional mais utilizadas com ou sem frequência pré-estabelecida foram inquéritos dietéticos (96%) e Avaliação Global Subjetiva (83%). As estratégias em casos de risco ou presença de desnutrição utilizadas com mais frequência (quase sempre/sempre) foram a orientação de incremento energético e proteico por meio de alimentos (97%) e o aumento da periodicidade das visitas (88%). A frequência de prescrição de suplemento industrializado de fórmula padrão e especializada foi bastante semelhante. A disponibilização de suplementos alimentares pelo Sistema Único de Saúde aos pacientes variou entre as regiões. Conclusão: A maior parte dos nutricionistas utiliza diversas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e estratégias de intervenção em casos de risco ou desnutrição, porém a frequência de utilização de tais ferramentas e estratégias foi bastante variada. Introdução Brasil profissionais Objetivo nutricionais Metodologia mensagens orais Resultados 24 n 207. 207 . 207) préestabelecida pré estabelecida 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% (83%) quase sempre/sempre sempresempre sempre 97% 97 (97% 88%. 88 88% (88%) semelhante regiões Conclusão variada 2 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97 (88% (9 (83 (88 ( (8

ABSTRACT Introduction: The importance of dietitians in dialysis units is indisputable and mandatory in Brazil, but little is known about the practices adopted by these professionals. Objective: To know practices adopted in routine nutritional care, focusing on nutritional assessment tools and treatment strategies for people at risk or diagnosed with malnutrition. Methodology: Electronic questionnaire disseminated on social media and messaging applications. It included questions that covered dietitians’ demographic and occupational profile characteristics and of the dialysis unit, use and frequency of nutritional assessment tools, nutritional intervention strategies in cases of risk or diagnosis of malnutrition, prescription and access to oral supplements. Results: Twenty four percent of the Brazilian dialysis units (n = 207) responded electronically. The most used nutritional assessment tools with or without a pre-established frequency were dietary surveys (96%) and Subjective Global Assessment (83%). The strategies in cases of risk or presence of malnutrition used most frequently (almost always/always) were instructions to increase energy and protein intake from foods (97%), and increasing the frequency of visits (88%). The frequency of prescribing commercial supplements with standard and specialized formulas was quite similar. The availability of dietary supplements by the public healthcare system to patients varied between regions. Conclusion: Most dietitians use various nutritional assessment tools and intervention strategies in cases of risk or malnutrition; however, the frequency of use of such tools and strategies varied substantially. Introduction Brazil professionals Objective care Methodology applications unit Results n 207 electronically preestablished pre established 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% . (83%) almost always/always alwaysalways always 97%, 97 97% , (97%) 88%. 88 88% (88%) similar regions Conclusion however substantially 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97% (88% 2 (9 (83 (97 (88 ( (8

Resumo Introdução: A importância da atuação do nutricionista em unidades de diálise é indiscutível e obrigatória no Brasil, porém pouco sabemos sobre as práticas adotadas por esses profissionais. Objetivo: Conhecer práticas adotadas na rotina dos atendimentos nutricionais, com foco nas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e nas estratégias de tratamento das pessoas com risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição. Metodologia: Questionário eletrônico divulgado em mídias sociais e aplicativos de mensagens. Incluiu questões que abrangiam características do perfil demográfico e ocupacional do profissional e da unidade de diálise, utilização e frequência de ferramentas de avaliação nutricional, estratégias de intervenção nutricional em casos de risco ou diagnóstico de desnutrição e prescrição e acesso a suplementos alimentares orais. Resultados: Foram recebidos eletronicamente o equivalente a 24% das unidades de diálise brasileiras (n = 207). As ferramentas de avaliação nutricional mais utilizadas com ou sem frequência pré-estabelecida foram inquéritos dietéticos (96%) e Avaliação Global Subjetiva (83%). As estratégias em casos de risco ou presença de desnutrição utilizadas com mais frequência (quase sempre/sempre) foram a orientação de incremento energético e proteico por meio de alimentos (97%) e o aumento da periodicidade das visitas (88%). A frequência de prescrição de suplemento industrializado de fórmula padrão e especializada foi bastante semelhante. A disponibilização de suplementos alimentares pelo Sistema Único de Saúde aos pacientes variou entre as regiões. Conclusão: A maior parte dos nutricionistas utiliza diversas ferramentas de avaliação nutricional e estratégias de intervenção em casos de risco ou desnutrição, porém a frequência de utilização de tais ferramentas e estratégias foi bastante variada. Introdução Brasil profissionais Objetivo nutricionais Metodologia mensagens orais Resultados 24 n 207. 207 . 207) préestabelecida pré estabelecida 96% 96 (96% 83%. 83 83% (83%) quase sempre/sempre sempresempre sempre 97% 97 (97% 88%. 88 88% (88%) semelhante regiões Conclusão variada 2 20 9 (96 8 (83% (97 (88% (9 (83 (88 ( (8

Abstract Introduction Permanent education in health aims to ensure that professionals are constantly learning in the workplace and in the last few years institutions resorted to the technology-mediated education modality and new teaching possibilities were explored. In Brazil, between 2017 and 2021, only six articles and five monographs were published about listening effort. Objective The objective of this study was to develop a website with scientific content on the topic listening effort for Speech -Language Therapist and Audiologist with free online access. Methods The study was carried out in five stages: Analysis, contemplating the search for scientific materials to prepare the material. Design, in which the writing and design of the website was carried out. Development, carrying out the adequacy of the online material. Implementation, a stage in which professionals in the area evaluated the quality of the material after consenting to participation through a free and informed consent term. Review, stage in which the researcher analyzed the evaluators' responses. Results The five stages of elaboration of the website were carried out, which was evaluated by professionals in the area. The average of responses to all applied questions rated the website as "superior". Conclusion The website development was validated for online availability. technologymediated technology mediated explored Brazil 201 2021 Language access Analysis Design Development Implementation term Review evaluators superior. superior . "superior" availability 20 202 "superior 2

Abstract Introduction The presence of foreign bodies in the airways remain a diagnostic challenge to healthcare professionals. They can become life threatening emergencies that require immediate intervention or go unnoticed for weeks and even months. Prevention is best but early recognition remains a critical factor in treatment of foreign body inhalation in children. Objective To study the diagnostic advantages of virtual over rigid bronchoscopy in the evaluation of children with suspected foreign body in the tracheobronchial tree and plan for early management. Methods A crossectional study conducted at a tertiary care hospital & medical college in India. A total 24 patients (0-12-years-old) who presented with complaints of sudden onset of coughing, choking, and breathing difficulty were included during the 2-year duration, from January 2018 to December 2019. All patients underwent virtual and rigid bronchoscopy. Results In 8 patients, foreign bodies detected by virtual bronchoscopy were confirmed by rigid bronchoscopy. There was one case in which virtual bronchoscopy showed no foreign body, but rigid bronchoscopy detected it. In 15 cases virtual and rigid bronchoscopy did not show foreign bodies. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value of virtual bronchoscopy were 88.88, 100, 100, and 93.75%, respectively. Conclusions Virtual bronchoscopy is less invasive and does not require general anesthesia but cost and availability are limitations. It can be used as method of investigation in children with suspected foreign body aspiration. professionals months management India 2 012yearsold yearsold 0 12 years old (0-12-years-old coughing choking 2year year duration 201 2019 it 1 sensitivity specificity 8888 88 88.88 100 9375 93 75 93.75% respectively limitations aspiration 20 888 88.8 10 937 9 7 93.75 88. 93.7 93.

Resumen: Esta investigación analiza las transiciones laborales de la población de 55 años o más edad en México, centrándose en su paso desde la no disponibilidad hacia el empleo de tiempo completo, el empleo de tiempo parcial o la disponibilidad, y diferenciando entre mujeres y hombres. Para ello, se estiman modelos multiestado que muestran un envejecimiento activo incipiente, reflejado en la transición femenina al empleo de tiempo parcial y la transición masculina al empleo de tiempo completo. Un factor explicativo destaca que el trabajo doméstico no remunerado reduce las posibilidades de las mujeres de transitar al empleo de tiempo parcial.

Abstract: This research analyzes the labor market transitions of people aged 55 and older in Mexico, focusing on their transition from non-availability to full-time employment, part-time employment or availability, and differentiating between women and men. It estimates multi-state models that show the onset of active aging as reflected in the transition of women to part-time employment and men to full-time employment. One explanatory factor is that unpaid domestic work reduces women’s opportunities to transition to part-time employment.