EFFECT OF LIQUID SWINE WASTEWATER DOSES ON PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND ELECTROCHEMICAL ATTRIBUTES IN A CERRADO OXISOL. The addition of organic residues enhances soil and plant organic matter and nutrient content. To gauge the impact of varying liquid swine waste (LSW) levels on soil, we studied changes in a clayey Oxisol’s physical, chemical, and electrochemical traits from the Cerrado. LSW doses (0, 50, 150, 450, 600 m3 ha−1) were applied to the 0-0.20 m layer in a randomized design with three replicates. Post a 30-day incubation at 60% field capacity, the soil underwent mineralogical, physical (clay dispersed in water - CDW), chemical (sodium adsorption ratio - SAR, cation exchange capacity - CEC, base saturation - V%), and electrochemical (pH in H2O and KCl, ApH, point of zero charge - PZC, point of zero salt effect - PZSE, surface electric potential - iµo, and electrical conductivity - EC) analyses. The levels of exchangeable Ca, K, Mg, Na, and available P increased with increasing LSW doses. Increasing LSW doses in the soil led to an increase in EC, but soil salinization was not observed at the highest dose. With the application of LSW doses, there was a decrease in pH, ApH, PZSE, and an increase in CEC, PZC and ψo. Despite the increase in ψo, low clay dispersibility was observed. PHYSICAL OXISOL content (LSW Oxisols Oxisol s Cerrado 0, 0 (0 50 150 450 60 ha−1 ha1 ha 1 00.20 0020 0.20 20 0-0.2 replicates 30day day 30 mineralogical CDW, CDW , CDW) sodium SAR CEC V%, V V% V%) pH HO H O KCl ApH PZSE iµo EC analyses Ca K Mg Na dose ψo ( 5 15 45 6 ha− 00 00.2 002 020 0.2 2 0-0. 3 4 00. 02 0. 0-0 0-

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to characterise the lignocellulosic fractions of pruning waste from tree species showing potential for furniture production in Acaraú, Ceará. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomised, split-plot design, with the plots corresponding to two water regimes (irrigated for one year and irrigated for three years) and the sub-plots to eight tree species, with three replications. The chemical attributes were determined after seven years. Except for the insoluble lignin content, there was a significant effect from the different species in terms of the chemical properties of the wood. The results for the lignocellulosic fractions show the possibility of developing technological ways of adding value to these waste products, especially considering their lignin content. The different species also showed potential for use in producing cellulose pulp, with the exception of Handroanthus impetiginosus due to its high ash content. The results of this study offer new perspectives for future research into the use of forestry waste. Acaraú Ceará randomised splitplot split plot design years subplots sub replications content wood products pulp

ABSTRACT The spatial variability of soil attributes in terraced areas is poorly studied in the semi-arid region. Considering that multivariate analysis enhances the diagnosis of spatial variability from geostatistics, soil attributes were studied in different zones between terrace channels in semi-arid region, more precisely in a retention terrace area in Canindé (Ceará, Brazil). Soil samples (n = 100) were collected at depths of 0.0 - 0.1 and 0.1 - 0.2 m for descriptive and geostatistical analysis. For multivariate analysis, samples from three zones relative to the terrace channel (Upper, Middle, and Lower) in the 0.0 - 0.2 m layer were considered, with 30 replicates. There was spatial dependence of soil attributes in the two layers studied. Near the channel, in the respective layers, there was higher clay content (13.7% and 14.7%) and higher degree of flocculation (61.3% and 71.7%) compared to the other zones. Water-dispersible clay was higher in the Upper zone (6.5% and 7.7% in the respective layers), while the Middle zone showed higher potential acidity in the evaluated layers (4.8 and 4.5 cmolc dm-3, respectively) compared to the other zones. In the multivariate analysis, there were highlights for the higher sum of bases in the Upper zone (18.9 ± 0.8 cmolc dm-3), higher sand content in the Middle zone (72.6 ± 0.6%), lower potential acidity (2.1 ± 0.2 cmolc dm-3) and higher phosphorus content (12.8 ± 3.0 mg kg-1) in the Low zone. The zone above the terrace channel loses mainly clay and requires practices to increase water and nutrient retention. semiarid semi arid region geostatistics Ceará, Ceará (Ceará Brazil. Brazil . Brazil) n 100 00 0 0. 01 1 02 2 Upper, (Upper Lower considered 3 replicates 13.7% 137 13 7 (13.7 14.7% 147 14 61.3% 613 61 (61.3 71.7% 717 71 Waterdispersible Water dispersible 6.5% 65 6 5 (6.5 77 7.7 , layers) 4.8 48 4 8 (4. 45 4. dm3, dm3 dm 3, dm-3 respectively 18.9 189 18 9 (18. 08 72.6 726 72 (72. 0.6%, 06 0.6% 0.6%) 2.1 21 (2. 12.8 128 12 (12. 3. kg1 kg kg-1 10 13.7 (13. 14.7 61.3 (61. 71.7 6.5 (6. 7. (4 dm- 18. (18 72. (72 0.6 2. (2 12. (12 kg- 13. (13 14. 61. (61 71. 6. (6 ( (1 (7

RESUMO: O melão de polpa alaranjada honeydew apresenta elevado potencial nutricional e econômico, sendo amplamente apreciado como fruta doce e refrescante. Portanto, avaliar amostras comerciais de produtos tão relevantes para o mercado de frutas frescas é de grande importância. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a capacidade antioxidante, os parâmetros de qualidade e a composição química de melões do mercado brasileiro. Os valores de pH e ºBrix determinados para as amostras de melão foram 6,5 ± 0,30 e 9,2 ± 0,80 g/100 g (peso fresco), respectivamente, o que está de acordo com os resultados esperados para melões de alta qualidade. A análise cromatográfica revelou a sacarose (49% do açúcar total) como principal açúcar, seguida pela frutose (30%) e glicose (21%). Os carotenóides, que estão diretamente ligados à cor laranja característica, apresentaram teor total de 270,59 µg/g (peso seco). Além disso, o maior valor de b* comparado ao valor de a* indica a maior contribuição da cor amarela. Quanto ao potencial antioxidante, além de apresentar capacidade antioxidante para ambos os métodos aplicados, DPPH e FRAP, níveis variando de 16,40 ± 0,21 µmol equivalente de ácido ascórbico/g a 56,98 ± 0,80 µmol equivalente de Trolox/g (peso seco) foram encontrados nos extratos de melão. Ademais, os resultados foram maiores em termos de FRAP do que em DPPH. Desta forma, os resultados destacam os melões avaliados como fontes valiosas de compostos bioativos, como carotenóides e fenólicos, que contribuem para suas propriedades antioxidantes. Além disso, análises de cor, pH e teor de sólidos solúveis totais também refletem os atributos de qualidade. RESUMO econômico refrescante Portanto importância brasileiro 65 6 5 6, 030 0 30 0,3 92 9 2 9, 080 80 0,8 g100 100 g/10 peso fresco, fresco , fresco) respectivamente 49% 49 (49 30% (30% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) característica 27059 270 59 270,5 µgg µg seco. seco disso b amarela aplicados 1640 16 40 16,4 021 0,2 ascórbicog ascórbico 5698 56 98 56,9 Troloxg Trolox Ademais forma bioativos fenólicos antioxidantes 03 3 0, 08 8 g10 10 g/1 4 (4 (30 (21% 2705 27 270, 164 1 16, 02 569 56, g1 g/ ( (3 (21 (2

ABSTRACT: Orange-fleshed non-netted honeydew melon has high nutritional and economic potential, being widely appreciated as a refreshing sweet fruit. Therefore, evaluating commercial samples of such relevant products for the fresh fruit market is of great importance. This study investigated the antioxidant capacity, quality parameters, and chemical composition of honeydew melons from the Brazilian market. The values of pH and °Brix determined for melon samples were 6.5 ± 0.30 and 9.2 ± 0.80 g/100 g (fresh weight), respectively, which agree with the results expected for high-quality melons. The chromatography analysis revealed sucrose (49% of total sugar) as the main sugar, followed by fructose (30%) and glucose (21%). Carotenoids, which are directly linked to the characteristic orange color, showed a total level of 270.59 µg/g (dry weight). Additionally, the higher b* value compared to a* value indicates the highest yellow contribution. Regarding the antioxidant assays, in addition to presenting antioxidant capacity for both methods applied, DPPH and FRAP, levels ranging from 16.40 ± 0.21 µmol ascorbic acid equivalent/g to 56.98 ± 0.80 µmol Trolox equivalent/g (dry weight) were reported in melon extracts. Moreover, the results were higher in terms of FRAP than DPPH. Therefore, the results underscore the evaluated honeydew melons as valuable sources of bioactive compounds, such as carotenoids and phenolics, which contribute to their antioxidant properties. Besides, analyses of color, pH, and total soluble solids content also reflect the quality attributes. ABSTRACT Orangefleshed Orange fleshed nonnetted non netted potential Therefore importance parameters Brix 65 6 5 6. 030 0 30 0.3 92 9 2 9. 080 80 0.8 g100 100 g/10 weight, weight , respectively highquality 49% 49 (49 sugar 30% (30% 21%. 21 21% . (21%) Carotenoids color 27059 270 59 270.5 µgg µg dry weight. Additionally b contribution assays applied 1640 16 40 16.4 021 0.2 equivalentg equivalent 5698 56 98 56.9 extracts Moreover compounds phenolics properties Besides attributes 03 3 0. 08 8 g10 10 g/1 4 (4 (30 (21% 2705 27 270. 164 1 16. 02 569 56. g1 g/ ( (3 (21 (2

ABSTRACT: Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are of particular economic importance in the highlands of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, by virtue of the number of breweries in the region. However, since the cultivars currently available in the country present poor qualitative attributes and low cone productivity, there is considerable demand for improved genotypes. The results of diallel crossing experiments help to increase our understanding of inheritance processes and the mechanisms controlling the transfer of alleles with additive or non-additive action, thereby allowing breeders to explore the benefits of heterosis. The present study evaluated the general and specific combining abilities (GCA and SCA, respectively) of four hop genotypes and to obtain F1 hybrids with agronomic traits superior to those of the parents and the ability to adapt to the environmental conditions in the Santa Catarina highlands. Partial diallel crosses were performed using a randomized complete block design involving 14 treatments, namely two male parents (Cascade and Hallertauer), four female parents (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade and Hallertauer) and eight hybrid combinations, with three repetitions each. The results showed that SCA was the predominant controlling mechanism for the manifestation in hybrids of the traits length of the lateral branch, height of insertion of the first cone, plant green mass and cone productivity. Some parental combinations also exhibited high GCA, indicating the presence of favorable alleles with additive action. The best combination was Hallertauer × Cascade, a finding that highlights the importance of choosing parents from different gene pools (American × European) to obtain genetically enhanced hybrids. ABSTRACT Humulus L. L Brazil region However productivity nonadditive non action heterosis GCA respectively F 1 treatments Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook each branch American European

RESUMO: O lúpulo (Humulus lupulus L.) possui grande importância econômica no planalto serrano do estado de Santa Catarina, uma vez que existem inúmeras cervejarias nesta região do Brasil. Como as cultivares disponíveis no país carecem de bons atributos qualitativos e apresentam baixa produtividade de cones, existe grande demanda por genótipos melhorados. Os resultados de experimentos de cruzamento dialélico aumentam a compreensão dos processos de herança e dos mecanismos de controle associados à transferência de alelos com ação aditiva ou não aditiva, permitindo assim que os geneticistas explorem os benefícios da heterose. Os objetivos deste estudo foram avaliar as capacidades de combinação geral e específica (CGC e CEC, respectivamente) de quatro genótipos de lúpulo e obter híbridos F1 com características agronômicas superiores às dos genitores e habilidade para se adaptar às condições ambientais do planalto catarinense. Os cruzamentos dialélicos parciais foram realizados em delineamento de blocos casualizados envolvendo 14 tratamentos, i.e. dois genitores masculinos (Cascade e Hallertauer), quatro genitores femininos (Columbus, Chinook, Cascade e Hallertauer) e oito combinações híbridas, com três repetições cada. Os resultados mostraram que a CEC dos genitores foi o mecanismo de controle predominante para a manifestação nos híbridos das características comprimento do ramo lateral, altura de inserção do primeiro cone, massa verde da planta e produtividade de cones. Algumas combinações entre genitores também manifestaram CGC elevada, indicando a presença de alelos favoráveis com ação aditiva. A melhor combinação foi Hallertauer × Cascade e essa descoberta demonstra a importância da escolha de genitores originários de diferentes grupos genéticos (Americano × Europeu) para obter híbridos geneticamente melhorados. RESUMO Humulus L. L Catarina Brasil cones melhorados heterose respectivamente F catarinense 1 tratamentos ie i i.e Hallertauer, , Columbus, Columbus (Columbus Chinook híbridas cada lateral cone elevada Americano Europeu

ABSTRACT: To improve the nutritional and functional quality of agro-industrial waste, his study established a ternary mixture of flours made from pineapple, acerola, and passion fruit waste using the simplex-centroid design, as well as to evaluate their effects on the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of edible ice cream. Using mixture planning, nine ternary flour components were applied to edible ice cream formulations to evaluate acceptance scores for taste, texture, and overall impression attributes, as well as physicochemical parameters (pH, acidity, soluble solids, and color parameters) and microbiological parameters (thermotolerant coliforms at 45 ºC, Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella). The simplex-centroid design demonstrated that the cubic model best predicts the results for the analyzed sensory attributes. The response surface graphs indicated the area of greatest acceptance in the formulations with the maximum percentage established for the flour with acerola waste. The highest level of acceptability was given to the ternary mixture of 60%, 30%, and 10% pineapple, passion fruit, and acerola flours, respectively. The results indicated that sorbet enriched with flour composed of the ternary mixture is a product with the potential for exploitation, as well as contributing to the reduction of environmental impacts generated by the large and improper disposal of agro-industrial fruit processing residues in the ecosystem. ABSTRACT agroindustrial agro industrial pineapple simplexcentroid simplex centroid planning taste texture attributes pH, pH (pH acidity solids thermotolerant 4 ºC Salmonella. Salmonella . Salmonella) 60 60% 30 30% 10 respectively exploitation ecosystem 6 3 1

RESUMO: Visando a qualidade nutricional e funcional dos resíduos agroindustriais, o estudo teve como objetivo estabelecer a mistura ternária de farinhas elaboradas com resíduos de abacaxi, acerola e maracujá utilizando o delineamento simplex-centroide, assim como avaliar seus efeitos nas características físico-químicas e sensoriais em gelados comestíveis. Com o planejamento de misturas, nove componentes ternários das farinhas foram aplicados em formulações de gelados comestíveis para avaliação dos escores de aceitação para os atributos sabor, textura e impressão global, bem como os parâmetros físico-químicos (pH, acidez, sólidos solúveis e parâmetros de cor) e microbiológicos (coliformes termotolerantes a 45 ºC, Enterobacteriaceae e Salmonella). O delineamento simplex-centroide demonstrou que o modelo cúbico melhor prediz os resultados para os atributos sensoriais analisados. Os gráficos de superfície de resposta indicaram a área de maior aceitação nas formulações com o máximo percentual estabelecido para a farinha com os resíduos de acerola. O maior índice de aceitabilidade foi atribuído a mistura ternária constituída com 60%, 30% e 10% para as farinhas de abacaxi, maracujá e acerola, respectivamente. Os resultados indicaram que o sorbet enriquecido com a farinha composta pela mistura ternária é um produto com potencial para exploração, além de contribuir para a redução dos impactos ambientais gerados pelo grande e inadequado descarte de resíduos do processamento agroindustrial de frutas no ecossistema. RESUMO agroindustriais abacaxi simplexcentroide, simplexcentroide simplex centroide, centroide físicoquímicas físico químicas misturas sabor global físicoquímicos químicos pH, pH (pH acidez cor coliformes 4 ºC Salmonella. Salmonella . Salmonella) analisados 60 60% 30 10 respectivamente exploração ecossistema 6 3 1

Abstract Introduction. The parameters of physiological response to drought stress are the result of a combination of slow- or fast-acting attributes. Gas exchange variables are classified as fast-acting and their level of occurrence or impact depends on the interaction between factors such as genotype and the duration, intensity, and phenological stage of stress occurrence. Objective. To identify the levels of physiological response exhibited by Solanum phureja under progressive water deficit stress. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted between 2019 and 2020 under semi-controlled conditions at the Obonuco Research Center of the Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Four potato cultivars were planted, with half of the trial was maintained at field capacity and the other half subjected to water deficit stress by withholding irrigation for 15 days, followed by rehydration. Gas exchange variables, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency were evaluated every three days. Results. Significant differences were observed, with maximum gas exchange values in control plants showing 16.67 µmol m-2 s-1 photosynthesis rate (A); 0.34 mol m-2 s-1 stomatal conductance (gs); 5.5 mmol m-2 s-1 transpiration (E), and under stress, 1.17 µmol m-2 s-1 (A); 0.013 mol m-2 s-1 (gs); 0.29 mmol m-2 s-1 (E). Chlorophyll content values ranged between 451.7 and 474.69 mg m-2 with and without irrigation, respectively. Conclusions. Stomatic closure was the earliest response to water deficit, and potato plants showed recovery in gas exchange values after rehydration following stress. Finally, three levels of physiological response were identified: mild, moderate, and severe stress, depending on the intensity and duration of stress, which is useful for future studies and the development of irrigation schedules.

Resumen Introducción. Los parámetros de respuesta fisiológica al estrés por sequía son la conjugación de una serie de atributos de acción lenta o rápida. Las variables de intercambio gaseoso son catalogadas como de respuesta rápida, su nivel de aparición o afección dependen de la interacción entre factores como el genotipo y duración, intensidad y etapa fenológica de ocurrencia del estrés. Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de respuesta fisiológica que presenta Solanum phureja bajo el estrés progresivo por déficit hídrico. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se realizó entre 2019 y 2020, bajo condiciones semi-controladas en el Centro de Investigación Obonuco de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria. Se sembraron cuatro cultivares de papa, la mitad del ensayo se mantuvo con riego a capacidad de campo y a la otra parte se le suspendió para inducir estrés por déficit hídrico durante 15 días, luego se rehidrataron; se evaluaron variables de intercambio gaseoso, clorofila y eficiencia fotosintética cada tres días. Resultados. Se presentaron diferencias significativas con los valores máximos de intercambio gaseoso en plantas del tratamiento control con 16,67 µmol m-2 s-1 tasa de fotosíntesis (A); 0,34 mol m-2 s-1 conductancia estomática (gs) 5,5 mmol m-2 s-1 transpiración (E) y en estrés 1,17 µmol m-2 s-1 (A); 0,013 mol m-2 s-1 (gs); 0,29 mmol m-2 s-1 (E). En cuanto al contenido de clorofila, se presentaron valores entre 451,7 y 474,69 mg m-2 con riego y sin riego, respectivamente. Conclusiones. El cierre estomático fue la respuesta más temprana al déficit hídrico, además, las plantas de papa presentaron recuperación de los valores de intercambio gaseoso después del suministro de riego posterior al estrés. Finalmente, se identificaron tres niveles de respuesta fisiológica, estrés leve, moderado y severo, según la intensidad y duración del estrés, lo cual es de utilidad para futuros estudios y planteamientos de calendarios de riego.

Abstract Introduction. Coffee (Coffea spp.) is the second most traded product globally and is cultivated in over eighty countries. Its cultivation is complex because it belongs to an ecosystem where abiotic and biotic factors interact under various agronomic management conditions. To understand the development of the coffee plant and its influence on the sensory quality of the final product, it is necessary to explore the intricate interactions between the coffee plant and the native microorganisms within the crop environment. Objective. To describe the role of the coffee soil microbiota, specially bacteria and fungi, and how they may contribute to the final quality of the beverage. Development. Soil is one of the most diverse and least studied ecosystems, where crucial ecological functions for plant growth and development take place. Identifying soil microbial components and their interactions with other organisms is important from an agronomic perspective. The soil microbiota can enhance plant physiology; thus, this review aims to connect how the sensory attributes of coffee beverage can be positively influenced by soil microbiota. Articles from ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2011 to 2023 were reviewed. The data show the diversity of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), nitrogen-fixing bacteria (NFB), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with coffee cultivation. Additionally, microbial compounds play an important role in the formation of sensory attributes and are related to the coffee cup quality. Conclusion. The microbial diversity of soil and on the fruit can synthesize or degrade compounds that affect the sensory profile of the coffee beverage, which could have implications for sustainability and quality.

Resumen Introducción. El café (Coffea spp.) es el segundo producto más comercializado a nivel mundial y cultivado en más de ochenta países. Su cultivo es complejo por pertenecer a un ecosistema donde factores abióticos y bióticos tienen dinámicas bajo diferentes condiciones de manejo agronómico. Para comprender el desarrollo de la planta y su influencia en la calidad sensorial del producto, hay que conocer la intrincada interacción entre la planta del café y los microorganismos autóctonos del cultivo. Objetivo. Describir el rol de la microbiota edáfica del café, bacterias y hongos, y cómo puede contribuir en la calidad final de la bebida. Desarrollo. El suelo es uno de los ecosistemas más diversos y menos estudiados, en el cual se desarrollan funciones ecológicas importantes para el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas. La identificación de los componentes microbianos del suelo y sus interacciones con otros organismos, son importantes desde el punto de vista agronómico. La microbiota edáfica puede favorecer la fisiología de la planta y de esta manera, se realiza la presente recopilación de información que busca asociar cómo los atributos sensoriales de la bebida de café pueden ser beneficiados por la microbiota del suelo. Se revisaron artículos de ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science y Google Scholar, entre el 2011 y 2023. Los datos muestran la diversidad de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (RPCV), bacterias fijadoras de nitrógeno (BFN) y hongos formadores de micorrizas arbusculares (HMA) asociados con el cultivo de café. También existen compuestos microbianos que juegan un papel importante en la formación de atributos sensoriales y están relacionados con la calidad en taza del café. Conclusión. La diversidad microbiana del suelo y fruto puede sintetizar o degradar compuestos que influyen en el perfil sensorial de la bebida, lo cual podría tener implicaciones para la sostenibilidad y calidad.

Resumen El desarrollo de proyectos mineros en etapas de exploración y prefactibilidad conlleva desafíos relacionados a la heterogeneidad e incertidumbre geológica y de procesamiento debido a la variabilidad en sus atributos primarios y de respuesta. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de esta investigación radica en elaborar el modelo geometalúrgico del índice de trabajo de Bond. Para esto se desarrollaron modelos de regresión lineal en Jupyter Notebook considerando 790 muestras de resistencia a la compresión uniaxial de la roca (UCS), litologías, zonas minerales e índice de trabajo de Bond (BWi) en un depósito pórfido cuprífero. Los resultados indican relación directamente proporcional de tipo lineal entre el BWi y UCS, generando modelamientos con desempeños aceptables de R2 entre 0,76 a 0,90. Además, las litologías y zonas mineralizadas en el depósito estudiado son características relevantes relacionadas a la conminución. Finalmente, de acuerdo a la competencia de la roca, esta se clasifica como tipo media a dura, dura y muy dura en las zonas de óxidos, mixtos y sulfuros primarios respectivamente.

Abstract The development of mining projects in the exploration and pre-feasibility stages involves challenges related to geological and processing heterogeneity and uncertainty due to variability in their primary and response attributes. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop the geometallurgical model of the Bond work index. For this purpose, linear regression models were developed in Jupyter Notebook considering 790 samples of uniaxial compressive strength of rock (UCS), lithologies, mineral zones and Bond work index (BWi) in a porphyry copper deposit. The results indicate a directly proportional linear relationship between BWi and UCS, generating modeling with acceptable R2 performances between 0,76 and 0,90. In addition, the lithologies and ore zones in the deposit studied are relevant characteristics related to comminution. Finally, according to rock competence, the rock is classified as medium to hard, hard and very hard in the oxide, mixed and primary sulfide zones, respectively.

Abstract Entheogens have emerged in clinical research as an alternative pharmacological solution for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD) because they possess rapid and enduring antidepressant and anxiolytic effects and mitigate suicidal ideation. Furthermore, they induce positive emotions and elicit mystical or spiritual experiences, attributes that may contribute to their therapeutic efficacy, given the protective influence of mysticism and religiosity against depression. This narrative review aims to discuss the extant evidence concerning the utilization of entheogens in TRD, provide an up-to-date understanding of the research landscape and to elucidate the mechanisms of action of compounds such as psilocybin, DMT, LSD, ketamine, esketamine, and cannabinoids. The effectiveness of entheogens in the management of depression has been consistently validated in clinical trials. Nonetheless, it is imperative to recognize our limited understanding of potential adverse effects, particularly in the long term, despite data supporting its acute tolerability.

Resumen Los enteógenos han surgido en la investigación clínica como un tratamiento alternativo para la Depresión Resistente al Tratamiento (DRT). Tienen efectos antidepresivos rápidos y duraderos, son ansiolíticos, y mitigan la ideación suicida. Además, inducen emociones positivas y provocan experiencias místicas o espirituales, atributos que pueden contribuir a su eficacia terapéutica, dada la influencia protectora del misticismo y la religiosidad contra la depresión. Esta revisión narrativa tiene como objetivo discutir la evidencia existente sobre la utilización de enteógenos en la DRT, proporcionar una comprensión actualizada del panorama de la investigación y discutir los mecanismos de acción de compuestos como la psilocibina, DMT, LSD, ketamina, esketamina y cannabinoides. La eficacia de los enteógenos en el manejo de la depresión ha sido validada consistentemente en los ensayos clínicos. No obstante, es imperativo reconocer nuestra limitada comprensión de los posibles efectos adversos, especialmente a largo plazo, a pesar de los datos que sustentan su tolerabilidad aguda.

Abstract Introduction: Bioindicator monitoring is a crucial conservation strategy within natural protected areas. Various taxonomic groups have been investigated as bioindicators due to their distinctive attributes, including ease of sampling, differential responses to disturbances, associations with species richness, and accessible taxonomy. Objective: To compare the potential of four taxa (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae, and Pompilidae) as environmental bioindicators, considering their ease of collection, presence of changes in community composition due to disturbances, including species with preferences for disturbed or conserved areas; and to correlate their diversity with the diversity of other taxa. Methods: The study was conducted at the Manu Learning Centre Biological Station in the Manu Biosphere Reserve, which comprises three areas along a disturbance gradient. Specimens were collected using pitfall traps, yellow pan traps, Malaise traps, and monoliths from May to June in 2021. Ease of collection was measured in terms of richness and abundance; changes in the community composition were assessed using similarity analysis, non-metric multidimensional scaling, and beta diversity partitioning; presence of species with preferences was analyzed using correspondence analysis and G. Williams’ goodness-of-fir test; and diversity correlation using the Spearman index. Results: Among the taxa investigated, Scarabaeidae and Pompilidae were the easiest to collect. Changes in composition were observed in all taxa but were significant only in Chilopoda and Scarabaeidae. All taxa exhibited species with preferences for disturbed and undisturbed environments. There was a high correlation in diversities among Carabidae, Scarabaeidae, and Chilopoda. Conclusions: Our findings underscore the diverse responses exhibited by taxa along a disturbance gradient. Notably, Scarabaeidae and Chilopoda emerged as particularly robust bioindicators within the studied ecosystem.

Resumen Introducción: El monitoreo de bioindicadores es una herramienta importante para la conservación de áreas naturales protegidas. Diferentes grupos taxonómicos fueron estudiados como bioindicadores por presentar: facilidad de muestreo, respuestas variadas a la perturbación, riqueza asociada a otras especies, y taxonomía accesible. Objetivo: Comparar el potencial de cuatro taxones (Chilopoda, Scarabaeidae, Carabidae y Pompilidae) como bioindicadores ambientales, tomando en cuenta su facilidad de recolección, presencia de cambios en la composición de sus comunidades por perturbaciones, presencia de especies con preferencia por áreas perturbadas o conservadas; y diversidad correlacionada con la diversidad de los otros taxones. Métodos: El trabajo se realizó en la estación Biológica Manu Learning Centre en la Reserva de Biosfera del Manu, que comprende tres áreas en un gradiente de perturbación. Los ejemplares fueron recolectados con trampas pitfall, bandejas amarillas, trampas Malaise y monolitos, de mayo a diciembre del 2021. La facilidad de recolección se midió en términos de riqueza y abundancia; los cambios en la composición de sus comunidades mediante el análisis de similitud, escalamiento no métrico multidimensional, y partición de la diversidad beta; presencia de especies con preferencia con el análisis de correspondencia y el ajuste de bondad G de Williams; y finalmente la correlación de las diversidades con el índice de Spearman. Resultados: De los taxones estudiados, las de más fácil recolección fueron Scarabaeidae y Pompilidae. Existen cambios en la composición en todos los taxones, pero son importantes solo en Chilopoda y Scarabaeidae. En todos los taxones hay especies con preferencia por ambientes perturbados y no perturbados. Existe una alta correlación de las diversidades de Carabidae, Scarabaeidae y Chilopoda. Conclusiones: Todos los grupos responden de diferente forma a los gradientes de perturbación, Scarabaeidae y Chilopoda fueron los que tuvieron mejores características para ser considerados buenos bioindicadores.

Abstract Objective. To characterize the geographic distribution of dengue and to evaluate the spatial autocorrelation with social and climatic determinants at the census-tract level in two medium sized cities in northwestern Mexico. Methods. In this work we apply spatial analysis ecological tools, such as the Moran’s Index and the Local Indicator of Spatial Association (LISA) method, to examine global and local spatial correlation between incidence of dengue, with socioeconomic and climatic factors at the census tract-level. For the analysis of the spatial clustering, the Getis-Ord method was used to find statistically significant hot spots in each city. Results. Overall, a global spatial autocorrelation could not be identified, although local clusters of a high dengue incidence, soil surface temperature ≤ 31 °C and high degree of social marginalization coincide. Discussion. We found that at the census-tract level in urban settings, socially disadvantaged populations showed higher clusters of dengue when compared to areas with better socioeconomic conditions. A similar spatial pattern was observed in the two study sites, when considering public health conditions and its aggregation with physical attributes using spatial analysis techniques, supporting the application of this technique for a better understanding about the dengue distribution in urban areas.

Resumen Objetivo. Caracterizar la distribución geográfica de dengue confirmado y evaluar su autocorrelación espacial con determinantes sociales y climáticos a nivel de áreas pequeñas, en dos ciudades del noroeste de México. Métodos. En este trabajo se utilizan herramientas de análisis espacial, como el Índice de Moran y el método de Indicadores Locales de Asociación Espacial (LISA), para examinar la correlación espacial, global y local, entre la incidencia de dengue y factores climáticos y socioeconómicos a nivel de área geoestadística básica (AGEB). Para mapear áreas de alto riesgo, se usó el método de agrupamiento espacial de Getis-Ord. Resultados. En general, no identificamos una autocorrelación espacial global, aunque agrupamientos locales de una alta incidencia de dengue, temperatura de la superficie terrestre ≤31 °C y un alto grado de marginación social, coinciden. Discusión. Encontramos que a nivel de áreas pequeñas urbanas, poblaciones con desventaja social agrupan una mayor carga de dengue comparadas con áreas de mejores condiciones socioeconómicas. En los dos sitios de estudio, se encontraron patrones espaciales similares que correlacionaron problemas de salud y características físicas del medio ambiente utilizando os análisis espaciales, lo que soporta la utilidad de su uso sistemático para entender mejor la distribución urbana del dengue.

ABSTRACT The contribution of plant residues throughout the sugarcane cycles favors the increase of organic matter and the activity of microorganisms in the soil, especially in the surface layers. Soil texture also has an important effect on ecological processes and soil quality. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate soil biological attributes in different sugarcane cultivation cycles under mechanized harvesting in an Oxisol in the Savanna region of Central Brazil. The study was conducted in commercial areas under sugarcane cultivation during the 2018/2019 season, which were considered homogeneous in terms of soil and climatic conditions, with the source of variation among the areas being the cultivation cycles (C1: one cultivation cycle; C3: three cultivation cycles; C7: seven cultivation cycles) and a savanna vegetation area selected as a reference. Microbiological variables were determined in two layers, 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m. The variables related to microbial biomass and texture were subjected to principal component analysis. Areas with longer sugarcane cultivation cycles show higher proportion of microbial biomass carbon in the total organic carbon in subsurface layers (microbial quotient). The performance of the soil microbial community, as expressed by total organic carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen indicators, was associated with higher presence of clay and silt, i.e., soil particles smaller than 0.02 mm. quality context Brazil 20182019 2018 2019 2018/201 season conditions C1 C (C1 cycle C3 C7 reference 00.1 001 0 0.1 1 0-0. 0.10.2 0102 0.2 2 0.1-0. m analysis quotient. quotient . quotient) community indicators silt ie i e i.e. 002 02 0.0 mm 2018201 201 2018/20 (C 00 00. 01 0. 0-0 10 0.10. 010 0.1-0 i.e 201820 20 2018/2 0- 0.10 0.1- 20182 2018/

RESUMO O aporte de resíduos vegetais ao longo dos ciclos da cana-de-açúcar favorece o incremento de matéria orgânica e atividade de microrganismos no solo, especialmente nas camadas superficiais. A textura do solo também tem um efeito importante nos processos ecológicos e na qualidade do solo. Nesse sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar atributos biológicos do solo em diferentes ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar sob colheita mecanizada, em um Latossolo da região de cerrado do Brasil Central. O estudo foi realizado em áreas comerciais de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar na safra 2018/2019, consideradas homogêneas em termos de condições edafoclimáticas, tendo como fonte de variação entre as áreas os ciclos de cultivo (C1: um ciclo de cultivo; C3: três ciclos de cultivo; C7: sete ciclos de cultivo) e uma área de vegetação de cerrado selecionada como referência. Foram determinadas variáveis microbiológicas nas camadas de 0-0,10 e 0,10-0,20 m. As variáveis relacionados à biomassa microbiana e textura foram submetidos à análise de componentes principais. Áreas com ciclos de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar mais longos apresentaram maior proporção de carbono da biomassa microbiana no carbono orgânico total nas camadas subterrâneas (quociente microbiano). O desempenho da comunidade microbiana do solo, expresso pelos indicadores carbono orgânico total e nitrogênio da biomassa microbiana foi associado à maior presença de argila e silte, ou seja, partículas de solo menores que 0,02 mm. canadeaçúcar cana açúcar superficiais sentido mecanizada Central 20182019 2018 2019 2018/2019 edafoclimáticas C1 C (C1 C3 C7 referência 00,10 0010 0 0,10 10 0-0,1 0,100,20 010020 0,20 20 0,10-0,2 m principais quociente microbiano. microbiano . microbiano) silte seja 002 02 0,0 mm 2018201 201 2018/201 (C 00 00,1 001 010 0,1 1 0-0, 100 0,100,2 01002 020 0,2 2 0,10-0, 0, 201820 2018/20 00, 01 0-0 0,100, 0100 0,10-0 20182 2018/2 0- 0,100 0,10- 2018/

SUMMARY: Morphological dimensions are reliable representations of the functioning, growth, and development of the skeletal- muscular system, defining a significant role in the sport of volleyball. In volleyball, it is imperative to identify the anthropometric constitution generated by endogenous and exogenous factors. The aim of the study was to determine the differences in morphological characteristics between junior and senior members of the BIH national team. The sample of respondents included 29 male volleyball players from the national team of BIH, divided into a subsample of seniors (n=13; Body Height = 194.77 ± 7.01 cm; Body weight = 92.92 ± 7.02 kg) and a subsample of juniors (n=16, Body Height = 197.06±4.65cm; Body weight = 83.19±5.15 kg). Thirteen (13) variables of anthropometric space were measured. Anthropometric measurements were conducted following the ISAK standard procedure guidelines. The standard metric instruments were applied: Stadiometer (SECA 213, Germany) - used for measuring body height; Body mass was measured by a digital scale (Tefal/0-160kg); Circumference measurements were measured with a foldable non-elastic tape measure and a Gullick Tape (Baseline Measurement Tape/300cm) and a Calliper measured skin folds. The T-test results revealed statistically significant differences (approximately 54%) between the senior and junior players in various anthropometric measurements, including weight (T=4.307, p<0.001), leg length (T= - 4.251, p<0.001), hand length (T=2.661, p<0.015), upper arm circumference (T= 4.514, p<0.001), forearm circumference (T=5.275, p<0.001), upper arm skinfold (T= 5.741, p<0.001), and abdominal skinfold (T= 3.098, p<0.009). The male volleyball national team of VIH's senior players displayed superior anthropometric attributes compared to their junior counterparts. Identifying discrepancies at an early stage can optimize both the training regimen and the process of selecting players at a young age.

RESUMEN: Las dimensiones morfológicas son representaciones confiables del funcionamiento, crecimiento y desarrollo del sistema músculo-esquelético, definiendo un papel importante en el deporte del voleibol. En el voleibol es imperativo identificar la constitución antropométrica generada por factores endógenos y exógenos. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar las diferencias en las características morfológicas entre los miembros junior y senior del equipo nacional de BIH. La muestra de encuestados incluyó 29 jugadores de sexo masculino de voleibol del equipo nacional de BIH, divididos en una submuestra de mayores (n=13; altura corporal = 194,77 ± 7,01 cm; peso corporal = 92,92 ± 7,02 kg) y una submuestra de juveniles (n =16, Altura corporal = 197,06±4,65 cm; Peso corporal = 83,19±5,15 kg). Se midieron trece (13) variables del espacio antropométrico. Las mediciones antropométricas se realizaron siguiendo las pautas de procedimiento estándar de ISAK. Se aplicaron los instrumentos métricos estándar: estadiómetro (SECA 213, Alemania), utilizado para medir la altura corporal; La masa corporal se midió con una báscula digital (Tefal/ 0-160 kg); Las mediciones de la circunferencia se midieron con una cinta métrica plegable no elástica y una cinta Gullick (cinta métrica de referencia/300 cm) y un calibrador midió los pliegues de la piel. Los resultados de la prueba T revelaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (aproximadamente 54 %) entre los jugadores senior y junior en varias medidas antropométricas, incluido el peso (T=4,307, p<0,001), la longitud de las piernas (T= -4,251, p<0,001), longitud de la mano (T=2,661, p<0,015), circunferencia del brazo (T= 4,514, p<0,001), circunferencia del antebrazo (T=5,275, p<0,001), pliegue cutáneo del brazo (T= 5,741, p<0,001), y pliegue cutáneo abdominal (T= 3,098, p<0,009). Los jugadores senior del equipo nacional masculino de voleibol de VIH mostraron atributos antropométricos superiores en comparación con sus homólogos juveniles. Identificar discrepancias en una etapa temprana puede optimizar tanto el régimen de entrenamiento como el proceso de selección de jugadores a una edad temprana.

RESUMO Os sistemas de produção integrados surgiram como uma estratégia de produção sustentável na intensificação do uso da terra com impacto mínimo nas funções do ecossistema. Este estudo utilizou ferramentas de agricultura de precisão para investigar a variabilidade espacial de propriedades do solo e da vegetação em área de Integração Lavoura-Pecuária-Floresta (ILPF) e área de Integração Pecuária-Floresta (IPF) em São Carlos, SP, Brasil. Consequentemente, foram avaliados: (1) as propriedades físico-químicas do solo, (2) a resistividade elétrica, e (3) os atributos da cultura do Eucalyptus urograndis que compõem a área de estudo. As amostragens foram realizadas em (1) agosto de 2021 nas profundidades de 0-0,2 e 0,2-0,4 m; (2) outubro de 2021 nas profundidades de 0-0,5, 0-1,0 e 0-2,0 m; e (3) abril de 2021 e abril de 2022. Os resultados indicaram que os valores dos parâmetros de fertilidade do solo foram adequados ao desenvolvimento da cultura e apresentaram baixa variabilidade espacial. As análises de solo indicaram baixa acidez, altos teores de matéria orgânica, teores médios de fósforo, potássio e capacidade de troca catiônica e altos teores de cálcio, magnésio e saturação por base. Entretanto, foram observados locais com maior variabilidade espacial para cálcio, refletindo variabilidade na capacidade de troca catiônica e saturação por base. A granulometria e a resistividade elétrica do solo apresentaram baixa variabilidade espacial na camada superficial. Mesmo sem diferenças nas propriedades do solo, houve diferença de 15% no maior volume de madeira no sistema IPF em comparação ao ILPF. ecossistema LavouraPecuáriaFloresta Lavoura Pecuária Floresta ILPF (ILPF PecuáriaFloresta (IPF Carlos SP Brasil Consequentemente avaliados 1 (1 físicoquímicas físico químicas 2 (2 3 (3 202 00,2 002 0 0,2 0-0, 0,20,4 0204 0,4 4 0,2-0, m 00,5, 005 0,5, 5 0-0,5 01,0 010 1,0 0-1, 02,0 020 2,0 0-2, 2022 acidez orgânica fósforo cálcio base Entretanto superficial 15 ( 20 00 00, 02 0, 0-0 0,20, 04 0,2-0 00,5 05 0,5 01 01, 10 1, 0-1 02, 2, 0-2 0- 0,20 0,2-

ABSTRACT Integrated production systems have emerged as a sustainable production strategy in intensifying land use with minimal impact on ecosystem functions. This study used precision agriculture tools to investigate the spatial variability of soil and vegetation properties in an integrated crop-livestock-forestry (ICLF) and in an integrated livestock-forestry (ILF) area of São Carlos city, SP, Brazil. Consequently, the following were assessed: (1) the soil physicochemical properties, (2) the electrical resistivity, and (3) the attributes of the Eucalyptus urograndis crop comprising the study area. Samplings were performed in (1) August 2021 at depths of 0-0.2 and 0.2-0.4 m; (2) October 2021 at depths of 0-0.5, 0-1.0, and 0-2.0 m; and (3) April 2021 and April 2022. Results indicated that the values for soil fertility parameters were suitable for crop development and presented low spatial variability. Soil analyses indicated low acidity, high levels of organic matter, average cation exchange capacity, phosphorus and potassium contents, high base saturation, and calcium and magnesium levels. However, locations with greater spatial variability for calcium were observed, reflecting cation exchange capacity and base saturation variability. Soil granulometry and electrical resistivity had a low spatial variability at the surface layer. Even without differences in the soil properties, there was a difference of 15% in the larger wood volume in the ILF then ICLF system. functions croplivestockforestry livestock forestry (ICLF livestockforestry (ILF city SP Brazil Consequently assessed 1 (1 2 (2 3 (3 202 00.2 002 0 0.2 0-0. 0.20.4 0204 0.4 4 0.2-0. m 00.5, 005 0.5, 5 0-0.5 01.0, 010 1.0, 0-1.0 02.0 020 2.0 0-2. 2022 acidity matter contents However observed layer 15 system ( 20 00 00. 02 0. 0-0 0.20. 04 0.2-0 00.5 05 0.5 01 01.0 10 1.0 0-1. 02. 2. 0-2 0- 0.20 0.2- 01. 1. 0-1